- Endoreduplication
Refimprove date June 2009 Endoreplication also referred to as endoreduplication or polytenization is replication of the nuclear genome in the absence of cell division , which leads to elevated nuclear gene content and polyploidy . Endoreplication can be understood simply as a variant form of the mitotic cell cycle G1 S G2 M in which mitosis is aborted prior to cytokinesis or circumvented entirely, due in part to modulation of cyclin dependent kinase CDK activity. ref name Edgarone cite journal doi 10.1016 S0092 8674 01 00334 8 title Endoreplication cell cycles more for less journal Cell volume 105 issue 3 pages 297 306 year 2001 author1 Edgar BA author2 Orr Weaver TL author separator , pmid 11348589 ref ref name Leeone cite journal doi 10.1101 gad.1829209 title Endoreplication polyploidy with purpose journal Genes and Development volume 23 issue 21 pages 2461 77 year 2008 author1 Lee HO author2 Davidson JM author3 Duronio RJ author separator , pmid 19884253 pmc 2779750 ref Examples of endoreplication characterized in arthropod , mammalian , and plant species suggest that it is a universal developmental mechanism responsible for the differentiation and morphogenesis of cell types that fulfill an array of biological functions. ref name Edgarone ref name Leeone While endoreplication is often limited to specific cell types in animals, it is considerably more widespread in plants, such that polyploidy can be detected in the majority of plant tissues. ref name Galbraithone cite journal doi 10.1104 pp.96.3.985 title Systemic Endopolyploidy in Arabidopsis thaliana journal Plant Physiology volume 96 issue 3 pages 985 9 year 1991 author1 Galbraith DW author2 Harkins KR author3 Knapp S author separator , pmid 16668285 pmc 1080875 ref Examples in nature Endoreplicating cell types that have been studied extensively in model organisms class wikitable Organism Cell Type Biological Function ... Endoreduplication but Not Cell Size or Gene Expression in Maize Endosperm journal The Plant ... more details
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- DNA re-replication
treatments. Endoreduplication For the special case of cell cycle regulated DNA replication in which DNA synthesis is uncoupled from cell cycle progression refer to endoreduplication . References ... more details
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- Hydatidiform mole
a process called endoreduplication . In approximately 20 of complete moles the most probable mechanism ... more details
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- Karyotype
or endoreduplication chromosomes in a resting nucleus undergo reduplication , the daughter chromosomes ... are highly active in biosynthesis. ref Edgar B.A. & Orr Weaver T.L. 2001. Endoreduplication cell ... more details
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- Flow cytometry
energy kinetic s, cell growth proliferation , ploidy , aneuploidy , endoreduplication , etc. total ... more details
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- Topoisomerase inhibitor
topoisomerase II activity and induce endoreduplication in cultured Chinese hamster cells year ... more details
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- Mitosis
be referred to as endoreduplication and the cells as Ploidy endoploid . ref name Lilly2005 An example ... more details
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- Parthenogenesis
before meiosis begins or after meiosis is completed. This is referred to as an Endoreduplication endomitotic ... more details
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