Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Image Swordfish skeleton.jpg thumb 200px Endoskeleton of a swordfish An endoskeleton is an internal support structure of an animal , composed of mineralized tissues mineralized tissue . Endoskeleton develops within the skin or in the deeper body tissues. The vertebrate is basically an endoskeleton made up of two types of tissues bone and cartilage . During early embryonic development the endoskeleton is composed of notochord and cartilage . The notochord in most vertebrates is replaced by vertebral column and cartilage is replaced by bone in most adults.In three phylum phyla and one Class biology subclass of animals, endoskeletons of various complexity are found Chordata , Echinoderm ata, Porifera , and Coleoidea . An endoskeleton may function purely for support as in the case of Porifera sponges , but often serves as an attachment site for muscle and a mechanism for transmitting muscular forces. A true endoskeleton is derived from germ layer Mesoderm mesodermal tissue. Such a skeleton is present in echinoderms and chordates. The poriferan skeleton consists of microscopic calcareous or siliceous spicule s or a spongin network. The Coleoidae do not have a true endoskeleton in the evolutionary sense here, a mollusc exoskeleton evolution evolved into several sorts of internal structure, the cuttlebone of cuttlefish being the best known version. Yet they do have cartilaginous tissue in their body, even if it is not mineralized, especially in the head, where it forms a primitive cranium.The endoskeleton gives shape,support and protection to the body and provides a mean of locomotion. See also Exoskeleton Hydrostatic skeleton Category Animal anatomy Category Biomechanics Category Skeletal system Category Zoology Veterinary med stub animal anatomy stub de Endoskelett es Endoesqueleto fr Endosquelette hr Unutra nji kostur ht Andosk l t ja pl Szkielet wewn trzny pt Endosqueleto ru simple Endoskeleton uk ... more details
Unreferenced date March 2008 A hydrostatic skeleton or hydroskeleton is a structure found in many Poikilotherm cold blooded organisms and soft bodied animals consisting of a fluid filled cavity, the coelom , surrounded by muscles. The pressure of the fluid and action of the surrounding circular and longitudinal muscles are used to change an organism s shape and produce movement, such as burrowing or swimming. Some examples are soft bodied animals such as sea anemones and earthworms. Hydrostatic skeletons have a role in the locomotion of echinoderm s starfish, sea urchins , cnidarian s jellyfish , annelid s earthworm s , nematode s, and other invertebrate s. They have some similarities to muscular hydrostat s. See also Exoskeleton Endoskeleton External links http www.cco.caltech.edu brokawc Bi11 AnimalPhylogeny2.html http soma.npa.uiuc.edu courses physl490b models leech swimming leech swim.html References reflist DEFAULTSORT Hydrostatic Skeleton Category Invertebrate anatomy Category Echinoderm anatomy Category Annelid anatomy Category Nematode anatomy Category Biomechanics invertebrate stub animal anatomy stub de Hydroskelett es Hidroesqueleto fr Hydrosquelette pl Hydroszkielet ru uk ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Mesoglea is the translucent, inert, jelly like substance that makes up most of the bodies of jellyfish , comb jellies and certain primitive sea creatures in the phyla Cnidaria and Ctenophora . It acts as the creatures structural support in water, as they lack bone s or cartilage , endoskeleton endo or exoskeleton s, or similar means of support. Because the mesoglea is a gel with a very high water content, these creatures tend to collapse on land. The mesoglea is an evolutionary advancement in body plan from sponge Porifera sponges . The lack of very many cells in this structure allows a lower metabolism . This means that cnidarians need to feed less often. See also Coral Anatomy Anatomy of corals References reflist Category Cnidarian anatomy cnidarian anatomy stub bg de Mesogloea fr M sogl e ja pl Mezoglea ru sr sv Mesogloea uk ... more details
capable of holding its own against the original Terminator. Originally, the T X s endoskeleton ... of Photoshop and 3D software. The T X endoskeleton was painted chrome black, in order to differentiate it from the silver sheen of the T 800 endoskeleton. The T X was also fitted with blue running ... of the T X endoskeleton were hard coated, sanded and polished through machines, resulting in a mathematically perfect model, unlike the endoskeleton in The Terminator , which was sculpted by hand and lacked ... of the T 800 and T 1000 , a solid endoskeleton covered with liquid metal mimetic polyalloy ..., it is possible to remove it from the endoskeleton using immensely strong magnetic force , such as that from ... more details
About the arthropod anatomical structure the vertebrate brain structure tentorium cerebelli The tentorium plural tentoria is a term used to refer to the framework of internal supports within an arthropod head. ref cite book author J. G. E. Lewis year 2007 title The Biology of Centipedes publisher Cambridge University Press isbn 9780521034111 chapter The musculature and endoskeleton pages 67 84 url http books.google.co.uk books?id AEp22u6tJgsC&pg PA77 ref The tentorium is formed by ingrowths of the exoskeleton , called apophysis apophyses , which fuse in various ways to provide rigid support for the muscles of the head. ref cite book editor Bruce F. Eldridge, John D. Edman year 2004 title Medical Entomology A Textbook on Public Health and Veterinary Problems Caused by Arthropods edition 2nd publisher Springer Science Business Media Springer isbn 9781402017940 chapter Introduction to arthropods structure, function and development author William S. Romoser pages 13 51 url http books.google.co.uk books?id C7OxOqTKYS8C&pg PA19 reF References reflist Category Arthropod anatomy Arthropod stub Animal anatomy stub de Tentorium Wirbellose la Tentorium ru ... more details
large shell. Endoskeleton Main Endoskeleton Image ElephantSkelLyd2.png thumb Endoskeleton of an elephant ... City, Oklahoma . Endoskeleton s is the internal support structure of an animal , composed of mineralized ... site for muscle and a mechanism for transmitting muscular forces. A true endoskeleton is derived ... are rigid organ anatomy organs that form part of the endoskeleton of vertebrate s. They function to move ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Unreferenced date February 2007 Taxobox name Warty sea cucumber image Warty Sea cucumber.jpg regnum Animal ia phylum Echinodermata classis Holothuroidea ia ordo Aspidochirotida familia Stichopodidae genus Parastichopus species P. parvimensis binomial Parastichopus parvimensis The Warty Sea Cucumber Parastichopus parvimensis is a Sea Cucumber that can be found from the Gulf of Alaska to southern California . It is found from the low intertidal zone to a depth of 250 m. They are most abundant in areas with moderate current with cobbles, boulders or bedrock. Physical description The Warty Sea Cucumber can grow to a length of 60 cm and a width of 5 cm. It has a soft, cylindrical body, with red brown to yellowish leathery skin. There are numerous grey spots along its body, hence the name warty . It has an endoskeleton just below the skin. The mouth and anus are on opposite sides of the body. The mouth is surrounded by ten retractable tentacle s that are used to bring food in. Five rows of tube feet extend from the mouth to the anus. Mobility is limited, though individuals can move up to 4 m per day while feeding. Behavior and reproduction P. parvimensis is a solitary nocturnal animal. It has the ability to regenerate all parts of its body. When threatened, it can expel all its internal organs through its anus and grow new ones. It can also expel sticky filaments to ensnare or confuse predators. It undertakes seasonal migrations to different depths. These Sea Cucumbers have separate sexes, and Egg biology egg s are fertilized externally. Spawning usually takes place in November, and each female can produce thousands of eggs. After fertilization, a larva is formed which metamorphoses into a Sea Cucumber after a few weeks. Category Aspidochirotida ... more details
Infobox VG width title MechaNized Attack image File MechanizedAttack.jpg 252px caption Box art of MechaNized Attack for the NES aspect ratio resolution developer SNK Playmore SNK publisher SNK distributor license series engine version released Arcade version br vgrelease NA vgy 1989 NES version br vgrelease NA June vgy 1990 genre Light gun shooter modes Single player ratings platforms Arcade game Arcade , Nintendo Entertainment System media requirements input MechaNized Attack is a shooter game developed and published by SNK Playmore SNK . It was released in North America for the arcade game arcade in vgy 1989 , ref cite web title Mechanized Attack arcade Release Date publisher GameFAQs accessdate 2008 08 11 url http www.gamefaqs.com coinop arcade data 568246.html ref and it was ported to the Nintendo Entertainment System in vgy 1990 . ref cite web title Mechanized Attack NES Release Date publisher GameFAQs accessdate 2008 08 11 url http www.gamefaqs.com console nes data 587443.html ref It is one of several games in the NES library to use the NES Zapper light gun. One of the few inspirations behind Mechanized Attack is the 1984 film, The Terminator seeing as some of the enemy soldiers are actually endoskeletons which look similar to the T 800 endoskeleton from the movie, along with the Japanese arcade sales flyer which features one of the protagonists looking like Arnold Schwarzenegger , even going as far as to wearing the gargoyles like sunglasses Arnold wore in the film. File Screenshot of the Mechanized Attack Video game.jpg thumb References reflist External links http www.arcade history.com ?n mechanized attack&page detail&id 1592 Mechanized Attack at Arcade History moby game id mechanized attack NES Zapper Category 1990 video games Category Nintendo Entertainment System games Category SNK games Category Light gun games arcade stub ru Mechanized Attack ... more details
John Connor sees blueprints of said series endoskeleton. In the T2 commentary, Cameron states that the Model ... that the 101 refers to the physical appearance while the 800 refers to the endoskeleton common .... Image Terminator 2 Endoskeleton Arm.jpg thumb Dr. Miles Dyson examines the Terminator s right hand ... . The endoskeleton is actuated by a powerful network of hydraulic machinery hydraulic servomechanism ... of endoskeleton only Terminators are seen. They are visually identical to the one in the first film ..., a bare Cromartie Terminator T 888 endoskeleton is able to grow itself a new flesh covering using 2007 ... shows Candy next to a partially complete endoskeleton, indicating that the Terminators were ... whose body could effectively conceal the Terminator s massive endoskeleton. The music video ... more details
Image Human skeleton diagram.png thumb right 125px A human skeleton endoskeleton Osteology is the science scientific study of bone s, practiced by osteologists . A subdiscipline of anatomy , anthropology , and archeology , osteology is a detailed study of the structure of bones, skeletal elements, teeth , morphology biology morphology , function, disease , pathology , the process of ossification from cartilage cartilaginous molds , the resistance and hardness of bones biophysics , etc. often used by scientists with identification of human remains with regard to Ageing age , death , sex , Individual growth growth , and Maturation development in a biocultural context. Osteology and osteologists should not be confused with the Alternative medicine alternative medical practice known as osteopathy and its practitioners, osteopaths. Methods A typical analysis will include an inventory of the skeletal elements present a dental inventory aging data, based upon epiphyseal fusion and dental eruption for subadults and deterioration of the pubic symphysis or sternal end of ribs for adults stature and other metric data ancestry non metric traits pathology and or cultural modifications Applications File Compared Osteology Room La Plata Museum.JPG 250px thumb Compared Osteology Room in Natural History La Plata Museum Museum of La Plata , Argentina. File Great Dane and Chihuahua Skeletons.jpg 250px thumb Great Dane Skeleton Compared to a Chihuahua dog Chihuahua Skeleton at The Museum of Osteology , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma . Osteological approaches are frequently applied to investigations in disciplines such as forensic science, physical anthropology and archaeology , and has a place in research on topics including health demography diet nutrition diet disease activity patterns physique genetics of early populations population migration Ancient warfare social inequality identification of unknown remains criminal investigations war crimes See also Osteometric points References Bass, W ... more details
Taxobox name Giant California sea cucumber image Parastichopus californicus.jpg image width 240px regnum Animal ia phylum Echinodermata classis Holothuroidea ia ordo Aspidochirotida familia Stichopodidae genus Parastichopus species P. californicus binomial Parastichopus californicus binomial authority Carolus Linnaeus Linnaeus , Systema Naturae 1758 The giant California sea cucumber Parastichopus californicus is a Holothuroidea sea cucumber that can be found from the Gulf of Alaska to Southern California . It is found from the low intertidal zone to a depth of 250 m. They are most abundant in areas with moderate current with cobbles, boulders or bedrock. Physical description The giant California sea cucumber can grow to a length of 50 cm and a width of 5 cm. It has a soft, cylindrical body, with red brown to yellowish leathery skin. It has an endoskeleton just below the skin. The mouth and anus are on opposite ends of the body. The mouth is surrounded by twenty retractable tentacle s that are used to bring food in. Five rows of tube feet extend from the mouth to the anus. Mobility is limited, though individuals can move up to 4 m per day while feeding. They use their tube feet located on the underside of their body. Feeding habits Image Parastichopus californicus 1 pfly .jpg thumb Parastichopus californicus at ebb low tide, Saratoga Passage The giant California sea cucumber is a scavenger that feeds on plankton and other organic matter. They feed by sifting through sediments with their tentacles, or by positioning themselves in a current where they can use their tentacles to catch food flowing by. Behavior and reproduction P. californianus is a solitary nocturnal animal. It has the ability to regenerate all parts of its body. When threatened, it can expel all its stomach contents through its anus until its next feed. It can also expel sticky filaments to ensnare or confuse predators. It undertakes seasonal migrations to different depths. These se ... more details
Taxobox name Keyhole sand dollar image Sand Dollar.jpg image caption Mellita quinquiesperforata Costa Rica regnum Animal ia phylum Echinodermata classis Echinoidea ordo Clypeasteroida subordo Scutellina familia Mellitidae familia authority Leske, 1778 subdivision ranks Genus disambiguation Genera subdivision genus Mellita Keyhole sand dollar refers to three species of sand dollar in the genus Mellita . They are found on the Atlantic Ocean Atlantic coasts of the Americas, ranging from Caribbean Sea Caribbean islands such as Jamaica and Puerto Rico to the southern areas of the United States at the north to the southern coasts of Brazil at the south. Their range includes Bermuda and the Pacific Ocean Pacific coasts of equatorial countries such as Mexico and Costa Rica . The velvet like skin of live keyhole sand dollars is usually tan, brown, grey or dark green in colour. Like all sand dollar s, they are found in shallow seawater below tide lines, where they burrow into the seabed to obtain food. The creatures feed on fine particles of plankton and other organic matter they filter from the water. Keyhole sand dollars are so named because of the distinctive keyhole shaped perforation toward the rear of the endoskeleton . This body shape offers an example of secondary front to back bilateral symmetry in an organism whose adult anatomy is primarily based on fivefold radial symmetry . The radial symmetry is characteristic of echinoid s generally, including the ancestors of sand dollars. The bilateral features biological evolution evolved as natural selection adaptations to a burrowing lifestyle. Mellita isometra ranges across the east coast of the United States. Mellita tenuis appears across the Caribbean and gulf coasts of Florida and nearby states. Mellita quinquiesperforata inhabits a wide range, from near the Mississippi Delta to Mexico and the Caribbean region and the coasts of South America . For more information see the article Sand dollar . gallery Image Keyhole san ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Gorgonocephalus image Gorgeucnemis.jpeg image width 240px image caption Gorgonocephalus eucnemis regnum Animal ia phylum Echinodermata classis Ophiuroidea ordo Phrynophiurida subordo Euryalina familia Gorgonocephalidae genus Gorgonocephalus genus authority William Elford Leach Leach , 1815 ref name WoRMS cite WoRMS author St hr, Sabine year 2010 title Gorgonocephalus Leach, 1815 id 123586 accessdate 2012 01 21 db ref subdivision ranks Species subdivision center See text center Gorgonocephalus is a genus of marine basket star s in the Class biology class Ophiuroidea . Members of this genus are found in cold water environments including the Arctic, the Antarctic and deep sea habitats. The scientific name comes from the Greek language Greek , gorg s meaning dreaded and cephalus meaning head , and refers to the similarity between these echinoids and the Gorgon s head from Greek myth with its coiled serpents for hair. ref name EchinoBlog http echinoblog.blogspot.com 2010 01 gorgonocephalus because weird is what.html GORGONOCEPHALUS Because Weird is what we do EchinoBlog. Retrieved 2012 01 21. ref Description Members of this genus have a central disc with 5 arms which repeatedly bifurcate, Dichotomy dichotomously branching into smaller and smaller subdivisions. They have an endoskeleton of calcified ossicles as do other ophiuroids but in their case, it is covered by a fleshy layer of skin, giving them a rubbery appearance. To feed, a basket star perches in an elevated position such as on a sponge , and extend its arms in a basket like fashion. The branches and branchlets twist and coil and may ensnare small crustaceans that come within reach such as the northern krill Meganyctiphanes norvegica . The arms are covered in tiny hooks and spines which hold the Predation prey . Along with the tube feet , these convey it to the mouth, which is on the underside of the central disc. ref name EchinoBlog Species The following species are included in the gen ... more details
cgi bin category.cgi?item 8333 title T 800 Endoskeleton publisher Sideshowtoy.com date accessdate ... fuel cells is confirmed by the fourth film. The endoskeleton is actuated by a powerful network of electric ... Death personification Death rendered in steel. In the later Terminator films, armies of endoskeleton ... not the normal procedure, a bare Cromartie Terminator T 888 endoskeleton was able to grow itself ... alloy, providing it the ability to mimic humanoid forms while enforcing the endoskeleton beneath ... endoskeleton type than Cromartie, who is a T 888. ref Summer Glau Bonnie Morgan practical effects computer ... more details
change to a humanoid shaped endoskeleton structure known as Protoform by fans. Once they arrive, Cybertronians ..., calling them endoskeleton underskin, to avoid logic contradictions found in the original Generation ... more details
Unreferenced date February 2010 Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Total Brutal Type studio Artist Austrian Death Machine Cover Austrian death machine.jpg Released July 22, 2008 Genre Thrash Metal , Parody Music , Melodic Metalcore Length 38 28 Label Metal Blade Records Metal Blade Producer Tim Lambesis br Adam Dutkiewicz Reviews Allmusic Rating 3 5 Allmusic class album id r1398778 pure url yes link Last album This album Total Brutal br 2008 Next album A Very Brutal Christmas br 2008 Total Brutal is the debut full length album by Austrian Death Machine , a project of As I Lay Dying band As I Lay Dying s vocalist Tim Lambesis . The band and record are based upon Arnold Schwarzenegger and his movies. Tim plays all the instruments apart from guest solo guitar work and performs vocals but Ahhhnold is billed as the vocalist. Destroy the Runner vocalist, Chad Ackerman, voices all of the Schwarzenegger impersonations. The album was released on July 22, 2008. Also, on the cover of the album, Machine is spelled with two i s. It is uncertain if this was on purpose or if this was accidental and the band just never caught it. Whatever the case, all new pressings of the album correct the misspelling. Track listing Hello California 1 25 Get to the Choppa 2 47 Quote from Predator film Predator Rubber Baby Buggy Bumpers 2 23 Quote from Last Action Hero All of the Songs Sound the Same 0 13 I Am a Cybernetic Organism, Living Tissue Over Metal Endoskeleton 3 34 Quote from Terminator 2 Judgment Day Come with Me If You Want to Live 3 46 Quote from Terminator 2 Judgment Day What It s Like to Be a Singer at Band Practice 1 18 Who Is Your Daddy, And What Does He Do? 3 11 Quote from Kindergarten Cop You Have Just Been Erased 2 21 Quote from Eraser film Eraser Broo Tall Song Idea 0 39 Here Is Subzero, Now Plain Zero 3 08 Quote from The Running Man film The Running Man So Far, So Good, So Let s Talk About It 0 42 Reference to the Megadeth album So Far, So Good... So What Scre ... more details
File At Last a Perfect Soldier.jpg alt thumb right At Last a Perfect Soldier by Robert Minor , first published in The Masses in 1916. Film Near future Land models Fahrenheit 451 1953 Mechanical hound Red Planet film Red Planet 2000 AMEE Autonomous Mapping Exploration and Evasion Lara Croft Tomb Raider 2001 S.I.M.O.N. RoboCop 1987 ED 209 Enforcement Droid Series 209 Terminator 3 Rise of the Machines 2003 T 1 Terminator character T 1 Battlefield Robot Short Circuit 1986 Nova S A I N T Strategic Artificially Intelligent Nuclear Transport Johnny 5 Hardware film Hardware 1990 M.A.R.K. 13 prototype killer combat droid Air Models Stealth film Stealth 2005 EDI Extreme Deep Invader Terminator 3 Rise of the Machines 2003 T 1 Terminator character T 1 airborne VTOL craft High futurist Humanoids Terminator franchise Terminator series 1984 1991 2003 Cyberdyne T 800 T 850 Terminator Endoskeleton Star Wars Episodes I, II, III 1999 2002 2005 Eos B 1 Battle Droid Star Wars Episodes II, III 2002 2005 Eos B 2 Super Battle Droid Star Wars Episode III 2005 Holowan IG 100 MagnaGuards Transformers film Transformers 2007 Decepticon s Saturn 3 1980 Hector Model The Black Hole 1979 S.T.A.R. Special Troops Arms Regiment Battlestar Galactica 1978 Cylon Battlestar Galactica Cylon Centurion Military androids with silver armor Fallout 3 2008 Protectron security robot , Mister Gutsy armed variant of domestic servant robot , Liberty Prime near indestructible battle robot Androids Terminator franchise Terminator series 1984 1991 2003 Cyberdyne T 800 Series 800, Model 101, Version 2.4 Terminator 2 Judgment Day Cyberdyne T 1000 a shape shifter android assassin Terminator 3 Rise of the Machines 2003 T X Terminatrix Fallout 3 2008 self aware synthetic humans a bodyguard and a headhunter is featured and Brainbots controlled by an organic brain Other designs The Matrix series 1999 2003 Sentinels Lost in Space film Lost in Space 1998 B9 Robot Star Wars Episodes I,II,III 1999 2002 2005 Droideka Destroyer Dro ... more details
italic title Taxobox image Gorgeucnemis.jpeg image width 240px image caption Gorgonocephalus eucnemis regnum Animal ia phylum Echinodermata classis Ophiuroidea ordo Phrynophiurida subordo Euryalina familia Gorgonocephalidae genus Gorgonocephalus species G. eucnemis binomial Gorgonocephalus eucnemis binomial authority M ller & Troschel, 1842 ref name WoRMS cite WoRMS author St hr, Sabine year 2010 title Gorgonocephalus eucnemis M ller & Troschel, 1842 id 124969 accessdate 2012 01 21 db ref synonyms Astrophyton caryi small Lyman, 1860 small Astrophyton eucnemis small M ller & Troschel, 1842 small Astrophyton malmgreni small Danielssen & Koren, 1877 small Astrophyton stimpsoni small Verrill, 1869 small Gorgonocephalus caryi small Lyman, 1860 small Gorgonocephalus japonicus small D derlein, 1902 small Gorgonocephalus malmgreni small Danielssen & Koren, 1877 small Gorgonocephalus stimpsoni small Verrill, 1869 small synonyms ref ref name WoRMS Gorgonocephalus eucnemis is a species of basket star in the Class biology class Ophiuroidea . It is found in circumpolar marine environments in the Northern Hemisphere. The scientific name for the genus comes from the Greek language Greek , gorg s meaning dreadful and cephalus meaning head , and refers to the similarity between these basket stars and the Gorgon s head from Greek mythology with its writhing serpents for hair. ref name EchinoBlog http echinoblog.blogspot.com 2010 01 gorgonocephalus because weird is what.html GORGONOCEPHALUS Because Weird is what we do EchinoBlog. Retrieved 2012 01 21. ref The specific name eucnemis is from the Greek good and boot . ref http bugguide.net node view 262229 Genus Eucnemis BugGuide. Retrieved 2012 01 21. ref Description Gorgonocephalus eucnemis has a central disc up to convert 14 cm across with 5 pairs of arms that branch Dichotomy dichotomously into smaller and smaller subdivisions. The colour is varying shades of white and beige often with a darker disc. It has an endoskeleton of calcifi ... more details
by Kyle Reese and seen in the first Terminator film , mini hunters, and a terminator endoskeleton ... for saving John s life. During this narration, a terminator endoskeleton s face fills ... more details
needed date June 2011 the cyborg Farnsworth, alive but reduced to his mechanical endoskeleton ... between Alex and Farnsworth s endoskeleton on the aerodyne, explaining his appearance here. Cast Olivier ... more details
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