Image Wheat kernel nutrition.png 350px right Endosperm is the tissue produced inside the seed s of most ... in the form of starch , though it can also contain Vegetable oil oil s and protein . This makes endosperm an important source of nutrition in human diet. For example, wheat endosperm is ground into flour for bread the rest of the grain is included as well in whole wheat flour , while barley endosperm is the main source for beer production. Other examples of endosperm that forms the bulk of the edible ... 14 July 2010 ref and Maize corn , including popcorn . Some plants, like the orchid , lack endosperm in their seed s. Origin of endosperm Primitive flowering plants have seeds that have small embryos and abundant endosperm, and the evolutionary development of flowering plants tends to show a trend towards plants with mature seeds with little or no endosperm. In more derived flowering plants the embryo occupies most of the seed and the endosperm is non developed or consumed before the seed matures ... Friedman, William E. year 1998 title The evolution of double fertilization and endosperm an historical ... fertilization Endosperm is formed when the two sperm sperm nuclei inside a pollen grain reach the interior ... of the embryo sac, forming a primary endosperm cell its nucleus is often called the triple fusion nucleus . This cell created in the process of double fertilisation double fertilization develops into the endosperm. Because it is formed by a separate fertilization, the endosperm constitutes an organism separate from the embryo. About 70 of angiosperm species have endosperm cells that are polyploid . ref name Olsen2007 citation author Olsen, By Odd Arne year 2007 title Endosperm Developmental ... endosperm that is diploid, resulting from the fusion of a pollen nucleus with one, rather than two ... Bearing on the Early Evolution of Endosperm in Flowering Plants journal Evolution volume 57 pages ... abstract?CRETRY 1&SRETRY 0 pmid 12683519 last2 Williams first2 JH issue 2 ref Endosperm formation ... more details
The scutellum is part of the structure of a barley seed the modified seed leaf. The scutellum from the latin scutella meaning small shield can also refer to the equivalence of a thin cotyledon in monocots especially members of the grass family . It is very thin high surface area , and serves to absorb nutrients from the endosperm during germination. ref Campbell & Reece Biology 7th ed. ref The scutellum is believed to contain an as of yet unidentified protein transporter that facilitates starch movement from the endosperm to the embryo. References Reflist botany stub Category Plant morphology es Escudete ... more details
Refimprove auto yes date December 2009 Aleurone from Greek language Greek aleuron , flour is a protein found in protein granules of maturing seed s and tuber s. The term is also used for the outermost cell layer of the endosperm , the aleurone layer . Aleurone protein Aleurones can have two different morphological features, homogenous and heterogeneous. The homogenous aleurone consists of similar protein bodies e.g. Phaseolus vulgaris while the heterogeneous aleurone consists of granules of different shapes and types of proteins covered with a membrane e.g. Ricinus communis . Aleurone tissue Image Corncobs.jpg thumb Multicolored corn has some of its pigments in the aleurone layer. The aleurone layer surrounds the endosperm tissue of grass seeds. In most cultivated cereals wheat wheat species , rye , oats , rice and maize it is single layered, whereas barley has a multicellular aleurone layer. ref A.L. Winton & K.B. Winton The Structure and Composition of Foods. Volume I Cereals, Starch, Oil Seeds, Nuts, Oils, Forage Plants, 1. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1932 710 pp. ref ref H. Hahn & I. Michaelsen Mikroskopische Diagnostik pflanzlicher Nahrungs , Genu und Futtermittel, einschlie lich Gew rze. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, 1996, 174 pp. ref In cereals with starchy endosperm, the aleurone contains about 30 of the kernel s proteins. In multicolored corn, anthocyanin pigments in the aleurone layer give the kernels a dark, bluish black color.. During seed germination , the plant embryo produces the hormone gibberellin that triggers the aleurone cells to release amylase for the hydrolysis of starch and storage proteins into the endosperm . The breakdown of the starchy endosperm supplies sugars to drive the growth of roots and the acrospire . This effect is inhibited by the plant hormone abscisic acid , which keeps the seed dormant. The gibberellin effect on the aleurone is used in brewing , specifically in the production of barley malt where treatment ensures t ... more details
one source date November 2011 Vegetable ivory is a product made from the very hard white endosperm of the seeds of certain palm trees . Vegetable ivory is named for its resemblance to ivory elephant ivory . Species in the genus Phytelephas , native to South America are the most important sources of vegetable ivory. The seeds of Metroxylon amicarum , from Micronesia and Hyphaene ventricosa , from Africa are also used to produce vegetable ivory. ref http waynesword.palomar.edu pljan99.htm ref References link rot date November 2011 reflist Category Sculpture materials Category Ivory material stub de Steinnuss es Tagua semilla eo Planta eburo fr Ivoire v g tal ru ... more details
wiktionary albumen albumin Albumen is the white of an egg. It contains albumin proteins. Albumin is a class of several hundred proteins. Albumen or Albumin may also refer to Serum albumin , a protein, encoded by the ALB gene in humans Operation Albumen , a series of sabotages against airfields on occupied Crete in 1942 Albumen album Albumen album , by The Egg See also Human serum albumin the human variant Bovine serum albumin the cow variant Endosperm , tissue produced in the seeds of most flowering plants Albumen print , method of producing a print on a paper base from a negative using egg white lookfrom Albumen intitle Albumen lookfrom Albumin intitle Albumin disambiguation title Albumen ... more details
taxobox regnum Plant ae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Monocots ordo Alismatales familia Araceae subfamilia Aroideae tribus Zomicarpeae genus Zomicarpella Zomicarpella is a genus of flowering plants in the Araceae family biology family . It contains only two species both of which are native to Colombia . The two species composing the genus are Zomicarpella maculata and Zomicarpella amazonica . The leaves are hastate or sagittate. The chromosome number for Zomicarpella species is 2n 26. Additionally, the seeds produced by both species have an endosperm . References Bown, Demi 2000 . Aroids Plants of the Arum Family . Timber Press. ISBN 0 88192 485 7. Category Araceae genera Araceae stub es Zomicarpella pl Zomicarpella pt Zomicarpella ... more details
Image Corncobs edit1.jpg thumb Xenia effects in maize Xenia in plants is the effect of pollen on seeds and fruit. ref name Denny cite journal author Denney, J.O. year 1992 title Xenia includes metaxenia journal HortScience volume 27 issue 722 728 pages 722 728 ref The term was coined in 1881 by the botanist Wilhelm Olbers Focke to refer to effects on maternal tissues, including the seed coat and pericarp, but at that time endosperm was also thought to be a maternal tissue, and the term became closely associated with endosperm effects. ref name Denny The term metaxenia was later coined and is still sometimes used to describe the effects on purely maternal tissues. ref name Denny Endosperm effects One of the most familiar examples of xenia is the different colours that can be produced in maize Zea mays by assortment of alleles via individual pollen grains. Such maize cobs are cultivated for decorative purposes. The endosperm tissue, which makes up most of the bulk of a maize seed, is not produced by the mother plant, but is the product of fertilization, and genetic factors carried by the pollen affect its colour. For example, a yellow seeded race may have its yellow colour determined by a Dominance genetics recessive allele . If it receives pollen from a purple seeded race that has one copy of a dominant allele for purple colour and one copy of the recessive allele for yellow seed, the resulting cob will have some yellow and some purple seeds. Fruit growth effects File Vaccinium corymbosum a2.jpg thumb Ripe and unripe fruit of Vaccinium corymbosum The vigour of the seeds forming inside a fruit can affect the growth of the fruit itself. For example, in two plant species whose fruit ripen asynchronously Vaccinium corymbosum and Amelanchier arborea the fruit with more seeds ripened faster. ref cite journal author Gorchov, D.L. year 1985 title Fruit ripening asynchrony is related to variable seed number in Amelanchier and Vaccinium journal American Journal of Botany volum ... more details
Atta is the flour used to make most South Asian cuisine South Asian flatbread s, such as chapati , roti , naan and Puri food puri . Most atta is milled from the semi hard wheat varieties, also known as durum wheat, that comprise 90 of the Indian wheat crop, and is more precisely called durum atta. ref http www.indiacurry.com bread br001aboutwheat.htm Indian Wheat and Flour classes and varieties ref Hard wheats have a high content of gluten a protein composite that gives elasticity , so doughs made out of atta flour are strong and can be rolled out very thin. ref http www.food india.com ingredients i026 i050 i048.htm Atta Indian Wholewheat Flour Food india.com ref WHEAT POWDER FLOUR, ATTA, SOOJI, MAIDA In India wheat products like wheat powder or wheat flour , atta flour , maida flour and Sooji also known as rava are available in the market. Whole Wheat grains Whole Wheat grains contain all three parts of the kernel Kernel means a grain or seed, as of a cereal grass, enclosed in a husk . There are, mainly, three parts for a wheat grain. Parts of a wheat grain Image Wheat kernel nutrition.png 350px right 1 Cereal germ Germ 2 Embryo of the wheat kernel. 2 Endosperm 85 Nutritive tissue surrounding the embryo. 3 Bran Multi layered outer skin of the kernel. India Products of Pulverized Wheat grains Wheat Powder Flour Whole Grain Mixture of Germ, Endosperm and Bran Atta Flour Mixture of Endosperm and Bran Maida Flour Endosperm Sooji Rava Coarse Endosperm Etymology Atta is the Hindi word for dough it is used by metonymy to mean flour used for baking . Blends Some chapati mixes are said to be made from a combination of maida flour bleached white flour and atta. cn date December 2011 Preparation File Grinder at Amber Fort.jpg thumb An old manual grinder to make Atta The Atta flour found in commerce varies in fiber content from near 0 to 12 . Wholemeal US whole wheat atta is obtained from grinding complete wheat grains. It is creamy brown in color and quite coarse compared to ... more details
particles of endosperm otherwise known as product middling or farina and coarse particles ... sieved after each pass to maximize extraction of white flour from the endosperm, while removing coarser ... fractions are then reintroduced to the endosperm white flour to produce whole wheat flour made ... more details
unreferenced date September 2008 distinguish Acacia gum Cassia gum is a food additive made from the endosperm of Senna obtusifolia also called Cassia obtusifolia or Cassia tora . It is used as a thickener and gelling agent, and has E number E427. In June 2008, specialty firm Lubrizol Advanced Material filed a petition to the Food and Drug Administration United States U.S. Food and Drug Administration FDA proposing that food regulations be amended to provide for the safe use of cassia gum as a stabilizer in frozen dairy desserts. Cassia gum is currently mid 2009 being used mainly in pet food applications. There is, however, a strong push to obtain human food approval in the US and EU. Approval has already been obtained in France, Belgium and Austria for human food applications. Full EU approval is expected by the end of 2009. Approval in the US is still pending, with no clear indication of when it may be obtained. citation needed date July 2009 Category Edible thickening agents ingredient stub fr Gomme de casse ... more details
For the fictional technology from the Dune universe Suspensor Dune Fungi Suspensors are filamentous structural formations employed by Fungi in holding a zygospore between two Strain biology strains of hyphae . Plants Suspensors are also found in plant zygote s in angiosperm s in connecting the endosperm to an embryo . During embryo development in angiosperm seeds, normal development involves asymmetrical division of the unicellular embryo, inducing polarity. The smaller terminal cell divides to become the proembryo while the larger basal cell divides laterally to form the suspensor. The suspensor is analogous to a placental mammalian s umbilical cord . References C.J. Alexopolous, Charles W. Mims, M. Blackwell, Introductory Mycology, 4th ed. John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken NJ, 2004 ISBN 0 471 52229 5 Neil A. Campbell, Jane B. Reece, Biology, Seventh Edition Bejamin Cummings, San Francisco, CA 94111 ISBN 0 8053 6777 2 Category Fungal morphology and anatomy Category Plant reproduction Category Plant anatomy fungus stub developmental biology stub botany stub ... more details
taxobox regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Monocots unranked ordo Commelinids ordo Arecales familia Arecaceae genus Astrocaryum species A. chambira binomial Astrocaryum chambira binomial authority Max Burret Burret Astrocaryum chambira Chambira palm is a Arecaceae palm native to Amazon Rainforest vegetation in Colombia , Ecuador , Peru , and Venezuela . This plant which has edible endosperm and fruit . It has a commercial value because it has excellent Fiber crop fiber s which may be used for bags, hammock s, ropes, string instrument s, and many crafts. In addition, it is also used as a medicinal plant . External links Caldasia27 89. http www.palmbase.org FMPro? DB SciNames.fp5& Format sciname detail.htm& Lay allFields&RecID 172& Find Palm base Astrocaryum chambira http www.rainforestconservation.org data sheets agroforestry Astrocaryum chambira.html Rainforest Conservation Fund Astrocaryum chambira Category Astrocaryum chambira Category Trees of South America Cocoeae stub fruit tree stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 File Wheatberries.jpg thumb left Uncooked wheatberries File Wheatberries sauteed with spring onion.jpg thumb right Wheatberries cooking soaked then sauteed with spring onion The term wheatberry or wheat berry refers to the entire wheat Seed kernel except for the husk hull , comprising the bran , Cereal germ germ , and endosperm . Wheatberries have a tan to reddish brown color and are available as either a hard or soft processed grain. They are often added to salad s or baked into bread to add a crunchy texture. If wheat berries are Gristmill milled whole wheat flour is produced. Wheatberries are the primary ingredient in an Eastern European Christmas porridge called kutya . In France, pre cooked wheatberries are commonly eaten as a side dish instead of rice or corn. This side dish is often referred to as Ebly , although this is actually the name of the first brand of pre cooked wheatberries to hit the market. See also Cucc a the Sicilian wheatberry dish Bulgur another whole wheat preparation Graham flour Wheat Category Wheat ingredient stub da Perlebyg sv Matvete fr Ebly ... more details
otheruses Phaseolin disambiguation Phaseolin is the main reserve globulin in seeds of the French bean Phaseolus vulgaris L. . ref http www.plantphysiol.org cgi reprint 109 3 777 The Bean Seed Storage Protein nowiki beta nowiki Phaseolin Is Synthesized, Processed, and Accumulated in the Vacuolar Type II Protein Bodies of Transgenic Rice Endosperm. Z. Zheng, K. Sumi, K. Tanaka and N. Murai, Plant Physiology, Vol 109, Issue 3 777 786 ref ref Physicochemical and structural studies of phaseolin from French bean seed. R. J. Blagrove, P. M. Colman, G. G. Lilley, A. Van Donkelaar and E. Suzuki, Plant Foods For Human Nutrition formely Qualitas Plantarum , Volume 33, Numbers 2 3, 227 229, doi 10.1007 BF01091313 ref It was named and first isolated and characterized by Thomas Burr Osborne chemist Thomas Burr Osborne in 1894 ref Osborne, T.B. 1894 J. Am. Chem. Soc., 16 10 , pp 703 712, doi 10.1021 ja02108a012 ref . References reflist Category Seed storage proteins Protein stub de Phaseolin ... more details
maize breeding programs. In 1922 a researcher found that the endosperm of waxy maize contained only ... maize has a defect in metabolism precluding the synthesis of amylose in the endosperm . It is coded ... variety with those of larger and more productive types. ref Collins, G. N. 1914 . Inheritance of Endosperm ... Collins found such a distinct difference in the appearance of normal and waxy maize endosperm, he ... Sprague, G. F., B. Brimhall, et al. 1943 . Some effects of the waxy gene in corn on properties of the endosperm starch. J. Am. Soc. Agron. 35 817 822. ref confirmed that endosperm starch of waxy maize ... of crossing into various genetic stocks. Only the unique endosperm had been retained. At this time, waxy ... One of the main things he noted was the composition of the endosperm of the maize Seed kernels . He wrote The texture of the endosperm is one of the unique features of this maize. Cut in any direction ... to wax the term cereous or waxy endosperm is suggested. The moisture content of the kernel must ... or amylopectin is very costly. Waxy endosperm is inherently a defect in metabolism, and its low frequency ... example of genetic drift in maize is the occurrence in parts of Asia of varieties with waxy endosperm ... discovered in non waxy varieties in a New England flint maize ref Mangelsdorf, P. C. 1924 . Waxy endosperm ... endosperm in Argentine maize. J. Hered. 19 111. ref The fact that waxy maize occurs so commonly in a part ... for waxy endosperm. But the fact that waxy endosperm came to their attention in the first place is probably due to genetic drift. The gene for waxy endosperm, which has a low frequency in American maize ... endosperm of the kernel Wx codes for endosperm with normal starch . ref name Neuffer, M. G. 1997 ... . Inheritance of waxy endosperm in maize. USDA Bull. 754. ref The structure of the wildtype waxy wx ... . Waxy endosperm is the counterpart in maize of the glutinous character in rice. ref Mangelsdorf, P ... . Mutations for waxy and sugary endosperm in inbred lines lines of dent corn. J. Am. Soc. Agron. 36 ... more details
to types of agamospermy in which the endosperm is fertilized but the embryo is not see Pseudogamous ... flowering plants with pseudogamous apomixis require fertilization to produce the endosperm of the seed ... endosperm development is autonomous. Pseudogamous apomixis occurs in many Family biology families ... more details
carotene biosynthetic pathway into rice endosperm, published 2000 in Science magazine Science , ref ... 2000 Engineering the Provitamin A beta Carotene Biosynthetic Pathway into Carotenoid Free Rice Endosperm ... into carotenoid free rice endosperm. Science 287 303 305. S. Al Babili, P. Beyer Golden Rice five ... more details
This article was auto generated by User Polbot . taxobox status CR status system IUCN2.3 regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Asterids ordo Apiales familia Araliaceae genus Polyscias species P. aemiliguineae binomial Polyscias aemiliguineae binomial authority Bernardi Polyscias aemiliguineae is a species of plant in the Araliaceae family. It is Endemism endemic to R union . Genus Polyscias It is a shrub or tree, evergreen , hermaphroditic , andromonoecious or dioecious, unarmed , often glabrous , some with sharply aromatic herbage . Leaves 1 5 pinnately compound , margins entire to crenate or serrate stipules sometimes intrapetiolar and adnate to inside of petiole or absent. Inflorescence a terminal panicle of umbels, heads or spikes, sometimes with a terminal umbel of bisexual flowers and 1 to several lateral umbels of male flowers. Pedicel articulate below ovary. Calyx undulate or with 4 or 5 8 or more small lobes . Petals 4 or 5 8 or more , valvate . Stamens as many as petals. Ovary 4 or 5 8 or more carpellate styles free or rarely connate at base . Fruit a drupe, terete or laterally flattened. Seeds compressed , endosperm smooth . Source Strahm, W. 1998. http www.iucnredlist.org search details.php 32692 all Polyscias aemiliguineae . http www.iucnredlist.org 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 23 August 2007. Category Flora of R union Category Polyscias Aemiliguineae Category Critically endangered plants Araliaceae stub R union stub fr Polyscias aemiliguineae vi Polyscias aemiliguineae ... more details
Corozo may refer to Places A village in Bluefields municipality, Nicaragua A village in San Jos de los Remates municipality, Nicaragua A river in the Dominican Republic Several villages in Ocozocoautla de Espinosa municipality, Mexico Plants Acrocomia media , a grugru palm Aiphanes horrida , a ruffle palm Attalea genus Attalea , the American oil palm genus Maranthes panamensis , a Chrysobalanaceae shrub The endosperm of Phytelephas palm seeds vegetable ivory People Dennis Corozo , Ecuadorean footballer playing for Centro Deportivo Olmedo Felipe Salvador Caicedo Corozo , Ecuadorean footballer playing for Manchester City F.C. Franklin Corozo , Ecuadorean footballer playing for Sociedad Deportivo Quito Luis Corozo , Peruvian footballer playing for Melgar FBC Rixon Javier Corozo Hurtado , Ecuadorean Footballer playing for Club Deportivo El Nacional Walter Orlando Ayov Corozo , Ecuadorean footballer playing for Club Deportivo El Nacional Yason Corozo , Ecuadorean footballer playing for Club Social y Deportivo Macar See also Corozal, Puerto Rico Laguna Los Corozos , a lagoon near San Juan, Puerto Rico dab ... more details
taxobox name Ochnaceae image Sauvagesia.jpg image caption Sauvagesia erecta from southern Brazil regnum Plant ae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Rosids ordo Malpighiales familia Ochnaceae familia authority A. P. de Candolle DC. subdivision ranks Genus Genera subdivision See Ochnaceae Subdivisions Subdivisions The family Ochnaceae , or wild plane family , comprises mainly trees or shrubs, and more rarely herbaceous plants. Species of the Ochnaceae are found from subtropical to tropical regions. They are best represented in South America . The family has about 53 genera and 600 species. Members of the Ochnaceae all have evergreen Petiole botany petiolate leaves, which are sometimes leathery found at the genus Ochna . The leaves are most often simple and alternate, but can be racemose , paniculate or more rarely pinnate . Pinnate leaves are typical of Godoya . These species are hermaphrodite . Subdivisions Subfamily Ochnoideae This subfamily is characterized by the absence of endosperm in the seed . Tribe Elvasieae Elvasia also Hostmannia , Trichovaselia or Vaselia Tribe Lophireae sometimes stands alone as family Lophiraceae Lophira Tribe Ochneae Ochna also Diporidium Tribe Ourateeae Ouratea also Kaieteuria Subfamily Luxemburgoideae This subfamily is characterized by the presence of endosperm in the seed. Tribe Euthemideae Euthemis Gomphia also Campylospermum , Idertia , Rhabdophyllum Tribe Luxernburgieae Godoya Luxemburgia also Charidion , Hilairella , Epiblepharis , Periblepharis , Plectanthera Philacra Sauvagesia also Neckia , Leitgebia , Lavradia , Pentaspatella , Roraimanthus , Vausagesia Sauvagesia . This genus is sometimes erected to tribe Sauvagesieae . Schuurmansia Wallacea plant Wallacea Other genera Adenarake Blastemanthus Brackenridgea also Pleuroridgea Cespedesia also Fournieria Fleurydora Froesia formerly recognized in the Quiinaceae Godoya Indosinia also Distephania or Indovethia Lacunaria formerly recognized in the Q ... more details
. Triploid plants with seedless fruits can also be produced using endosperm culture for the regeneration of triploid plantlets from endosperm tissue via somatic embryogenesis . Varieties Common ... more details
Locust bean gum LBG , also known as carob gum , carob bean gum , carobin , E number E410 is a galactomannan vegetable gum botany gum extraction chemistry extracted from the seed seeds of the Ceratonia siliqua carob tree , mostly found in the Mediterranean region . The long pods that grow on the tree are used to make this gum. The pods are kibbled to separate the seed from the pulp. The seeds have their skins removed by an acid treatment. The deskinned seed is then split and gently milled. This causes the brittle germ to break up while not affecting the more robust endosperm. The two are separated by sieving. The separated endosperm can then be milled by a roller operation to produce the final locust bean gum powder. ref CyberColloids http www.cybercolloids.net library carob carob and locust bean gum production Locus bean gum production , CyberColloids, Hydrocolloids research and development webpage. ref Locust bean gum occurs as a white to yellow white powder. It consists chiefly of high molecular weight hydrocolloidal polysaccharide s, composed of galactose and mannose units combined through glycosidic bond glycosidic linkages , which may be described chemically as galactomannan. It is dispersible in either hot or cold water, forming a Sol colloid sol having a pH between 5.4 and 7.0, which may be converted to a gel by the addition of small amounts of sodium borate . LBG is used as a thickening agent and gelling agent in food technology . The bean, when made into powder, is sweet with a flavor similar to chocolate and is used to sweeten foods and as a chocolate substitute. It is also used in inedible products such as pet foods, mining products, paper making, and to thicken textiles. It is used in cosmetics and to enhance the flavor of cigarettes. Shoe polish and insecticides also have locust bean gum powder as an additive. ref Locust Bean Gum Powder http www.glyconutritionforlife.org Science of Glyconutrients Locust Bean Gum Powder.php ref It is soluble in hot water ... more details
Image Sa semolina far.jpg right thumb 240px Semolina Image rava close2.jpg right thumb 240px Semolina grains in close up nutritionalvalue name Semolina, unenriched kJ 1506 protein 12.68 g fat 1.05 g satfat 0.15 g monofat 0.124 g polyfat 0.43 g carbs 72.83 g fiber 3.9 g thiamin mg 0.28 riboflavin mg 0.08 niacin mg 3.31 folate ug 72 vitA ug 0 vitB6 mg 0.1 vitB12 ug 0 vitC mg 0 calcium mg 17 iron mg 1.23 magnesium mg 47 phosphorus mg 136 potassium mg 186 sodium mg 1 zinc mg 1.05 water 12.67 g source usda 1 right 1 Semolina is the coarse, purified wheat middlings of durum wheat used in making pasta , breakfast cereal s, pudding s and couscous . Semolina is also used to designate coarse middlings from other varieties of wheat, and from other grains such as rice and corn. Name The term semolina is derived from the Italian word semola which is derived from the ancient Latin simila , meaning flour , itself a borrowing from Greek semidalis , Groat grain groats . The words simila, semidalis, groat, and grain may all have their origins from two Sanskrit terms for wheat, samita and godhuma . Semolina may also be a loan word from the Semitic root smd to grind into groats lang ar transl ar DIN sam d . Production Modern milling of wheat into flour is a process that employs grooved steel rollers. The rollers are adjusted so that the space between them is slightly narrower than the width of the wheat kernels. As the wheat is fed into the mill, the rollers flake off the bran and cereal germ germ while the starch or endosperm is cracked into coarse pieces in the process. Through sifting , these endosperm particles are separated from the bran and this is semolina. The semolina is then ground into flour. This greatly simplifies the process of separating the endosperm from the bran and germ, as well as making it possible to separate the endosperm into different grades because the inner part of the endosperm tends to break down into smaller pieces than the outer part. Diffe ... more details
portion of the seed is the endosperm . It acts as a nutrient reservoir for the developing embryo. The endosperm contains a large amount of carbohydrates, protein, iron, B vitamins niacin and riboflavin , and soluble fiber. Once the endosperm is isolated, it is ground into a fine powder and sifted ... more details
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