subtilis showing endospores as green and the vegetative cell as red An endospore is a dormancy ..., Washington DC ref The name endospore is suggestive of a spore or seed like form endo ... to which the bacterium can reduce itself. Endospore formation is usually triggered by a lack of nutrients, and usually occurs in gram positive bacteria . In endospore formation, the bacterium divides ... more favorable, the endospore can reactivate itself to the vegetative state. Most types of bacteria cannot change to the endospore form. Examples of bacteria that can form endospores include Bacillus and Clostridium . ref DorlandsDict three 000035434 endospore ref The endospore consists of the bacterium ... thumb 260px Variations in endospore morphology 1, 4 central endospore 2, 3, 5 terminal endospore 6 lateral endospore Bacteria produce a single endospore internally ... the cortex and surrounds the protoplast or core of the endospore. The core contains the spore chromosomal ... of the endospore consists of calcium dipicolinate within the core, which is thought to stabilize ... endospores under the light microscope can be difficult due to the impermeability of the endospore wall to dyes and stains. While the rest of a bacterial cell may stain, the endospore is left colourless. To combat this, a special stain technique called a Moeller stain is used. That allows the endospore ... The position of the endospore differs among bacterial species and is useful in identification. The main ... , the pathogen that causes the disease tetanus . Bacteria having a centrally placed endospore include Bacillus cereus , and those having a subterminal endospore include Bacillus subtilis . Sometimes the endospore can be so large the cell can be distended around the endospore, this is typical of Clostridium ... is now complete, and the mature endospore will be released when the surrounding vegetative cell is degraded ... ray s, will also kill most endospores. Reactivation Reactivation of the endospore occurs when conditions ... more details
Endospore staining is a technique used in bacteriology to identify the presence of endospore s in a bacterial sample, which can be useful for Bacterial taxonomy classifying bacteria . ref name Hussey cite web last Hussey first Marise coauthors Zayaitz, Anne title Endospore Stain Protocol publisher American Society for Microbiology date 2011 09 29 url http www.microbelibrary.org component resource laboratory test 3112 endospore stain protocol accessdate 2012 03 06 ref Within bacteria, endospores are quite protective structures used to survive extreme conditions, but this protective nature makes them difficult to stain using normal techniques. Special techniques for endospore staining include the Schaeffer Fulton stain and the Moeller stain . References reflist Category Staining Category Microbiology techniques Category Bacteriology Category Microscopy Microbiology stub ... more details
A bacterial spore is a spore or spore like structure produced by bacteria . These include Endospore Akinete Spores produced by Actinobacteria and Azotobacter dab ... more details
Refimprove type bacteria auto yes date December 2009 Taxobox color lightgrey name Thermoactinomycetaceae regnum Bacteria divisio Firmicutes classis Bacilli ordo Bacillales familia Thermoactinomycetaceae familia authority Garrity et al. 2001 subdivision ranks Genera subdivision Shimazuella ref Park D. J. et al . Shimazuella kribbensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a mesophilic representative of the family Thermoactinomycetaceae. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. , 2007, 57 , 2660 2664. doi 10.1099 ijs.0.65194 0 ref br Thermoactinomyces The Thermoactinomycetaceae is a family taxonomy family of Gram positive endospore endospore forming bacteria . References reflist Category Bacillales Bacteria stub it Thermoactinomycetaceae ... more details
Taxobox color lightgrey name Sporolactobacillus regnum Bacterium Bacteria phylum Firmicutes classis Bacilli ordo Bacillales familia Sporolactobacillaceae genus Sporolactobacillus genus authority Kitahara and Suzuki 1963 subdivision ranks Species subdivision Sporolactobacillus dextrus S. dextrus br Sporolactobacillus inulinus S. inulinus br Sporolactobacillus kofuensis S. kofuensis br Sporolactobacillus laevis S. laevis br Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus S. laevolacticus br Sporolactobacillus nakayamae S. nakayamae br Sporolactobacillus terrae S. terrae br Sporolactobacillus vineae S. vineae Sporolactobacillus is a genus of anaerobe anaerobic endospore endospore forming Gram positive flagellum motile bacillus shape rod shaped lactic acid bacteria lactic acid bacteria . ref cite journal author Kitahara K, Suzuki J title Sporolactobacillus nov. subgen. url http www.journalarchive.jst.go.jp jnlpdf.php?cdjournal jgam1955&cdvol 9&noissue 1&startpage 59&lang en&from jnltoc journal J Gen Appl Microbiol volume 9 issue pages 59 71 year 1963 pmid doi 10.2323 jgam.9.59 ref Members of this genus are catalase negative, do not reduce nitrate s to nitrite s, and do not form indole . Lactic acid is produced actively without liberation of gas from glucose , fructose , mannose , sucrose , maltose , trehalose , raffinose , inulin , mannitol , sorbitol and alpha methyl glucoside . Sporolactobacillus grows readily at temperatures between 25 40 C. The optimal temperature for growth lies around 35 C. References reflist Category Bacillales bacteria stub ... more details
Taxobox color lightgrey name Desulfovirgula regnum Bacterium Bacteria phylum Firmicutes classis Clostridia ordo Thermoanaerobacteriales familia Thermoanaerobacteraceae genus Desulfovirgula Desulfovirgula is a genus of sulfate reducing bacteria sulfate reducing aerobic organism aerobic endospore endospore forming Gram positive thermophile thermophilic motile bacillus shape rod shaped bacteria, isolated from a geothermally active underground mine. Desulfovirgula thermocuniculi is the sole species in the genus. Electron acceptor s that this organism can utilize include sulfate , sulfite , thiosulfate and elemental sulfur , while H sub 2 sub in the presence of CO sub 2 sub and carboxylic acid s can be utilized as electron donor s. ref cite journal author Kaksonen AH, Spring S, Schumann P, Kroppenstedt RM, Puhakka JA title Desulfovirgula thermocuniculi gen. nov., sp. nov., a thermophilic sulfate reducer isolated from a geothermal underground mine in Japan journal Int J Syst Evol Microbiol volume 57 issue 1 pages 98 102 year 2007 pmid 17220449 doi 10.1099 ijs.0.64655 0 ref References references Category Thermoanaerobacteriales bacteria stub ... more details
Taxobox color lightgrey name Oxobacter regnum Bacterium Bacteria phylum Firmicutes classis Clostridia ordo Clostridiales familia Clostridiaceae genus Oxobacter Oxobacter is a genus of Gram positive anaerobe obligately anaerobic Bacillus shape rod shaped acetogen ic bacteria . The sole species in the genus is Oxobacter pfennigii , formerly known as Clostridium pfennigii ref cite journal author Krumholz LR, Bryant MP title Clostridium pfennigii sp. nov. uses methoxyl groups of monobenzenoids and produces butyrate url journal Int J Syst Bacteriol. volume 35 issue 4 pages 454 456 year 1985 pmid doi 10.1099 00207713 35 4 454 ref . This endospore endospore forming microorganism catabolizes pyruvic acid pyruvate to acetic acid acetate and CO sub 2 sub , while carbohydrate sugar s and amino acid s are not utilized as energy sources ref cite journal author Collins MD, Lawson PA, Willems A, Cordoba JJ, Fernandez Garayzabal J, Garcia P, Cai J, Hippe H, Farrow JA title The phylogeny of the genus Clostridium proposal of five new genera and eleven new species combinations url journal Int J Syst Bacteriol. volume 44 issue 4 pages 812 826 year 1994 pmid 7981107 doi 10.1099 00207713 44 4 812 ref . References references Category Clostridiales bacteria stub it Oxobacter ... more details
Taxobox color lightgrey name Metabacterium regnum Bacterium Bacteria phylum Firmicutes classis Clostridia ordo Clostridiales genus Metabacterium species M. polyspora binomial Metabacterium polyspora binomial authority Chatton and Perard, 1913 Metabacterium polyspora is an unusual multiple endospore endospore producing bacteria bacterium isolated from the cecum of guinea pigs ref cite journal author Chatton E, Perard C title Schizophytes du caecum du cobaye. II. Metabacterium polyspora n. g., n. s. url journal C.R. Hebd. Soc. Biol. volume 74 issue 156 pages 1232 34 year 1913 pmid ref . This bacterium is physically similar to the Phylogenetics phylogenetically related surgeonfish intestinal symbiont Epulopiscium fishelsoni ref cite journal author Angert ER, Brook AE, Pace NR title Phylogenetic Analysis of Metabacterium polyspora Clues to the Evolutionary Origin of Daughter Cell Production in Epulopiscium Species, the Largest Bacteria url http jb.asm.org cgi reprint 178 5 1451?view long&pmid 8631724 journal J Bacteriol volume 178 issue 5 pages 1451 56 year 1996 pmid 8631724 pmc 177821 ref . References references Category Clostridiales bacteria stub ... more details
Italic title Taxobox image image width image caption regnum Bacteria divisio Firmicutes classis Clostridia familia Clostridiaceae genus Clostridium species Cl. ljungdahlii binomial Clostridium ljungdahlii binomial authority Tanner et al. 1993 Clostridium ljungdahlii is an Anaerobic organism anaerobic , Motility motile , Endospore endospore forming , gram positive bacterium gram positive rod shaped bacterium. ref Tanner, R.S., L.M. Miller, and D. Yang 1993 Clostridium ljungdahlii sp. nov., an acetogenic species in clostridial rRNA homology group I. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 43 232 6. ref This species can Fermentation biochemistry ferment certain components of syngas into ethanol . ref Younesi, H., G. Najafpour, and A.R. Mohamed 2005 Ethanol and acetate production from synthesis gas via fermentation processes using anaerobic bacterium, Clostridium ljungdahlii . Biochem. Eng. J. 27 110 119 ref References references NCBI 1538 Clostridium ljungdahlii Tanner et al. 1993 UniProt Taxonomy name Clostridium ljungdahlii id 1538 accessdate 2011 02 03 Bacteria stub Category Clostridiaceae Category Gram positive bacteria Category Medically important anaerobes Link GA de de Clostridium ljungdahlii ... more details
About the internal buds of freshwater sponges the proposed mechanism of heredity Gemmule pangenesis Gemmules are internal bud s found in sea sponge sponge s that are the result of asexual reproduction , and are a response to a hostile environment.They are resistant to desiccation drying out , freezing, and Hypoxia medical anoxia lack of oxygen and can lie around for long periods of time. These are similar to a bacterium s endospore . Gemmules are made up of amoebocytes surrounded by a layer of Sponge spicule spicules and can survive conditions that would kill adult sponges. When the environment becomes less hostile, the gemmule resumes growing. References Feldkamp, Susan 2002 . Modern Biology. United States Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. p. 695. Accessed on May 23, 2006. Category Poriferans fr Gemmule sr ... more details
Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 Arthroconidia are a type of fungus fungal spore s typically produced by segmentation of pre existing fungal hyphae . Image Arthroconidia of Coccidioides immitis 39G0040 lores.jpg thumb 150px right Arthroconidia of Coccidioides immitis These spores are asexual reproduction asexual and are generally not as durable and environmentally persistent as, for instance, bacteria l endospore s or chlamydospore s. Some medically significant pathogens, such as Coccidioides immitis , and Coccidioides posadasii , both causative agents of Coccidioidomycosis also known as San Joaquin Valley fever , are transmitted through airborne arthroconidia. See also Portal Fungi Conidium Category Fungal morphology and anatomy Fungus stub ... more details
italic title Taxobox color lightgrey name Bacillus sphaericus regnum Bacterium Bacteria phylum Firmicutes classis Bacilli ordo Bacillales familia Bacillaceae genus Bacillus species sphaericus binomial Bacillus sphaericus Bacillus sphaericus is an obligate aerobe bacterium used as a larvicide for mosquito control . ref cite web title Larvicides for mosquito control publisher U.S. Environmental Protection Agency date 2007 04 11 url http www.epa.gov pesticides health mosquitoes larvicides4mosquitoes.htm accessdate 2007 06 29 ref It forms spherical endospore s. Bacillus sphericum is a gram positive bacteria, with rod shaped cells that form chains. References reflist Category Bacillaceae bacteria stub ... more details
Taxobox color lightgrey name Sporohalobacter regnum Bacterium Bacteria phylum Firmicutes classis Clostridia ordo Haloanaerobiales familia Haloanaerobiaceae genus Sporohalobacter Sporohalobacter are a genus of anaerobe anaerobic bacteria belonging to the family Haloanaerobiaceae. ref cite journal author Oren A, Gurevich P, Henis Y title Reduction of nitrosubstituted aromatic compounds by the halophilic anaerobic eubacteria Haloanaerobium praevalens and Sporohalobacter marismortui journal Appl Environ Microbiol volume 57 issue 11 pages 3367 70 year 1991 pmid 1669931 pmc 183973 ref The organisms are endospore spore forming bacteria that grow in hypersaline environments. ref cite journal author Ollivier B, Caumette P, Garcia J, Mah R title Anaerobic bacteria from hypersaline environments journal Microbiol Rev volume 58 issue 1 pages 27 38 year 1994 pmid 8177169 pmc 372951 ref References reflist Category Halanaerobiales bacteria stub es Sporohalobacter fr Sporohalobacter it Sporohalobacter ... more details
other uses Gelria disambiguation Italic title Taxobox color lightgrey name Gelria regnum Bacteria divisio Firmicutes classis Clostridia ordo Thermoanaerobacterales familia Thermoanaerobacteraceae genus Gelria genus authority Caroline M Plugge Plugge et al. 2002 subdivision ranks Species subdivision Gelria glutamica ref Gelria glutamica gen. nov., sp. nov., a thermophilic, obligately syntrophic, glutamate degrading anaerobe. Caroline M Plugge, Melike Balk, Erwin G Zoetendal and Alfons J M Stams, IJSEM, March 2002, vol. 52, no. 2, page 401 407, http ijs.sgmjournals.org content 52 2 401.short abstract ref Gelria is an endospore forming bacterium genus in the family Thermoanaerobacteraceae . The name of the genus comes from Gelre present province of Gelderland , one of the 12 provinces in The Netherlands. See also List of bacterial genera named after geographical names References Reflist External links wikispecies Gelria commons Gelria Category Thermoanaerobacteriales Bacteria stub ... more details
wiktionary spore A spore is a biological reproductive mechanism. Spore may also refer to TOCRight Video games Spore 2008 video game Spore 2008 video game , a video game by Maxis Spore 1987 video game Spore 1987 video game , a game for the Commodore 64 and ZX Spectrum Spore 1991 video game Spore 1991 video game , a video game for MS DOS Music The Spore , a 2005 album by Opiate for the Masses Spore band , an American rock band Other uses Security Protocols Open Repository Spore, West Pomeranian Voivodeship , a village in Poland Galaxy of Fear Spore , a book by John Whitman See also Diaspore botany , a plant disseminule Endospore s, a bacterial, non reproductive survival mechanism Spore like cells , a specific class of stem cells Spore print , a diagnostic character for identifying mushrooms Resting spore , created by fungi Gaia spore , a subset of the Gaia hypothesis Milky spore , a bacterium of the white grubs of Japanese beetles Singapore disambig da Spore de Spore Begriffskl rung fr Spore homonymie he no Spore pl Spore th ... more details
Taxobox color lightgrey name Anaerobacter domain Bacterium Bacteria phylum Firmicutes classis Clostridia ordo Clostridia les familia Clostridiaceae genus Anaerobacter Anaerobacter are a genus of Gram positive bacteria related to Clostridium . They are Anaerobic respiration anaerobic chemotroph s and are unusual endospore spore formers as they produce more than one spore per bacterial cell up to five spores . ref cite journal author Siunov A, Nikitin D, Suzina N, Dmitriev V, Kuzmin N, Duda V title Phylogenetic status of Anaerobacter polyendosporus, an anaerobic, polysporogenic bacterium. url http ijs.sgmjournals.org cgi reprint 49 3 1119.pdf journal Int J Syst Bacteriol volume 49 Pt 3 issue pages 1119 24 year 1999 pmid 10425769 ref They fix nitrogen fixation nitrogen . G C content 29. ref cite book author Madigan M Martinko J editors . title Brock Biology of Microorganisms edition 11th publisher Prentice Hall year 2005 isbn 0 13 144329 1 ref References references Category Clostridiaceae bacteria stub cs Anaerobacter es Anaerobacter ku Anaerobakter uk Anaerobacter ... more details
Taxobox color lightgrey name Acetonema regnum Bacterium Bacteria phylum Firmicutes classis Clostridia ordo Clostridiales familia Veillonellaceae genus Acetonema Acetonema is a genus of bacteria in the family Veillonellaceae . It is H sub 2 sub oxidizing CO sub 2 sub reducing acetogenic strictly anaerobe anaerobic endospore forming Gram negative motile rod shaped, isolated from gut contents of the wood feeding termite Pterotermes occidentis . Cells are catalase positive, oxidase negative, and have 51.5 mol percent G C in their DNA. Optimum conditions for growth on H sub 2 sub CO sub 2 sub are at 30 33 degrees C and pH initial 7.8. Acetonema longum is the sole species within the genus ref cite journal author Kane MD, Breznak JA title Acetonema longum gen. nov. sp. nov., an H sub 2 sub CO sub 2 sub acetogenic bacterium from the termite, Pterotermes occidentis. journal Arch Microbiol volume 2 issue 156 pages 91 8 year 1991 pmid 1723588 ref . References references Category Clostridiales bacteria stub it Acetonema ... more details
Refimprove date December 2010 Endospores are surrounded be a highly resistant spore coat, The spore coat is highly resistant to excessive heat, freezing and desiccation as well as chemical agents. More importantly, for identification, spores are resistant to commonly employed staining techniques therefore alternative staining methods are required. Moeller staining involves the use of a steamed dye reagent in order to increase the stainability of the spores malachite green is the primary stain used in this experiment. gallery File bacillus subtilis.jpg Endospore gallery See also Schaeffer Fulton stain Further reading cite journal last1 Hayama first1 Masayoshi last2 Oana first2 Kozue last3 Kozakai first3 Tomonori last4 Umeda first4 Shuhei last5 Fujimoto first5 Junkoh last6 Ota first6 Hiroyoshi last7 Kawakami first7 Yoshiyuki title Proposal of a simplified technique for staining bacterial spores without applying heat Successful modification of Moeller s method journal European Journal of Medical Research volume 12 issue 8 pages 356 9 year 2007 pmid 17933713 id hdl 10091 10132 Category Microbiology techniques Category Staining Category Bacteriology Category Microscopy microbiology stub ... more details
Richard Losick is an American molecular biology molecular biologist whose research interests include RNA polymerase , sigma factor s, regulation of gene transcription , and bacterial development, being especially noted for his investigations of endospore formation in Gram positive organisms such as Bacillus subtilis . Richard Losick is the Maria Moors Cabot Professor of Biology at Harvard University , and a director of the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education . He was the 2007 recipient of the Selman A. Waksman Award in Microbiology from the United States National Academy of Sciences National Academy of Sciences . ref name Waksman cite web title Selman A. Waksman Award in Microbiology url http www.nasonline.org site PageServer?pagename AWARDS waksman publisher National Academy of Sciences accessdate 29 May 2011 ref References Reflist External links http www.techtransfer.harvard.edu crop investigators investigator.php?id 101 Research Summary & Profile , Harvard University http www.hhmi.org research professors losick bio.html Biography of Richard M. Losick on the Howard Hughes Medical Institute site Persondata NAME Losick, Richard ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION Biologist DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Losick, Richard US biologist stub Category Living people Category Year of birth missing living people Category Harvard University faculty Category Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences Category Howard Hughes Medical Investigators Category Place of birth missing living people Category National Academy of Sciences laureates de Richard Losick ... more details
endospore viability assay for monitoring UV inactivation and characterizing Arctic ice cores ... an In Situ Endospore Detection Instrument Shafaat, H.S. Cable, M.L. Ikeda, M.K. Kirby, J.P. .... Winnpenny, R Davidson, M. Anal. Chem., 2002 in preparation . Bacterial Endospore Quantification using ... more details
Image Bacillus subtilis Spore.jpg thumb 260px A stained preparation of Bacillus subtilis showing endospores as green and the vegetative cell as red The Schaeffer Fulton stain is a technique designed to isolate Endospore endospores by staining any present endospores green, and any other bacterial bodies red. ref name definition http www.mondofacto.com facts dictionary?Schaeffer Fulton stain Definition Schaeffer Fulton Stain ref The green stain is Malachite green malachite green , and the counterstain is safranin , which dyes any other bacterial bodies red. Procedure Using an aseptic technique, bacteria are placed on a slide and Heat fixation heat fixed . The slide is then suspended over a water bath with some sort of porus paper over it, so that the slide is Steaming steamed . Malachite green is applied to the slide, which can penetrate the tough walls of the endospores, staining them green. After five minutes, the slide is removed from the steam, and the paper towel is removed. After cooling, the slide is rinsed with water for thirty seconds. The slide is then stained with diluted safranin for two minutes, which stains most other microorganic bodies red or pink. The slide is then rinsed again, and blotted dry with Bibulous paper bibulous paper . ref Harley and Prescott Laboratory Exercises in Microbiology , page 58. McGraw Hill, 2002. ref After drying, the slide can then be viewed under a Optical microscope light microscope . History The procedure was designed by Alice B. Schaeffer and MacDonald Fulton, two microbiologists at Middlebury College Middlebury College , during the 1930s. The procedure also goes by the name Wirtz Conklin method , referring to two bacteriologists during the 1900s. ref Harley and Prescott Laboratory Exercises in Microbiology , page 58. McGraw Hill, 2002. ref See also Moeller stain References reflist Microbiology stub Category Staining Category Microbiology techniques Category Bacteriology Category Microscopy pl Barwienie metod Schaeffera F ... more details
Image Ferdinand Julius Cohn 1828 1898.jpg thumb 220px right Ferdinand Julius Cohn. Ferdinand Julius Cohn 24 January 1828 &ndash 25 June 1898 was a Germany German biologist . Cohn was born in Breslau in the Kingdom of Prussia Prussian Province of Silesia . At the age of 10 he suffered hearing impairment. He received a degree in botany in 1847 at the age of nineteen at the University of Berlin . He was a teacher and researcher at University of Breslau for his entire career. In the 1850s he mostly studied algae. In the 1860s he studied plant physiology in several different aspects. From 1870 onward he mostly studied bacteria. He published over 150 research reports during his lifetime. The University of Breslau became an innovative center for plant physiology and microbiology while he was there. Cohn was the first to classify algae as plant s, and to define what distinguishes them from green plants. His classification of bacteria into four groups based on shape sphericals, short rods, threads, and spirals is still in use today. Among other things Cohn is remembered for being the first to show that Bacillus can change from a vegetative state to an endospore state when subjected to an environment deleterious to the vegetative state. In 1885 he received the Leeuwenhoek Medal . External links wikisource author Ferdinand Julius Cohn commons category Ferdinand Julius Cohn http www.jewishencyclopedia.com view.jsp?artid 641&letter C Jewish Encyclopedia entry for Ferdinand Julius Cohn http www.pnf.org compendium Ferdinand Julius Cohn.pdf A two page biography of Cohn written by a professor of microbiology Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Cohn, Ferdinand ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 24 January 1828 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 25 June 1898 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Cohn, Ferdinand Category 1828 births Category 1898 deaths Category Microbiologists Category German microbiologists Category German botanists Category Jewish scientists Category G ... more details
distinguish Coliiformes File E coli at 10000x, original.jpg thumb Escherichia coli Coliform bacteria are a commonly used bacteria l indicator bacteria indicator of sanitary quality of foods and water. They are defined as rod shaped Gram negative non endospore spore forming bacteria which can ferment lactose with the production of acid and gas when incubated at 35 37 C. ref American Public Health Association APHA , Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater 19th ed. , APHA, Washington, DC 1995 . ref Coliforms can be found in the aquatic environment, in soil and on vegetation they are universally present in large numbers in the faeces of warm blooded animals. While coliforms are themselves not normally causes of serious illness, they are easy to culture and their presence is used to indicate that other pathogenic organisms of faecal origin may be present. Faecal pathogens include bacteria, viruses, or protozoa and many multicellular parasites. Typical genera include ref The Microbiology of Drinking Water 2002 Part 1 Water Quality and Public Health Department of the Environment ref Citrobacter , Enterobacter Hafnia bacterium Hafnia Klebsiella Serratia Fecal coliform Escherichia Escherichia coli E. coli , a rod shaped member of the coliform group, can be distinguished from most other coliforms by its ability to ferment lactose at 44 C in the fecal coliform test, and by its growth and color reaction on certain types of culture media. When cultured on an EMB plate, a positive result for E. coli is metallic green colonies on a dark purple media. Unlike the general coliform group, E. coli are almost exclusively of fecal origin and their presence is thus an effective confirmation of fecal contamination. Some strains of E. coli can cause serious illness in humans. ref name CDC cite web title Escherichia coli O157 H7 work CDC Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases url http www.cdc.gov nczved divisions dfbmd diseases ecoli o157h7 accessdate 2011 04 19 ref ... more details
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