Endowmenttax is taxation of Financial endowmentendowment s. The city of Cambridge, Massachusetts , has proposed taxing MIT and other major universities on these previously exempt, non profit earnings. ref cite web last He first Ray C. title Cambridge Seeks to Tax Earnings on Endowment work Volume 125, Number 44 publisher The Tech newspaper The Tech date October 4, 2005 url http tech.mit.edu V125 N44 cambsurcharge.html format Web doi accessdate ref A financial endowment is a transfer of money or property donated to an institution , with the stipulation that it be invest ed, and the principal remain intact. The total endowment can be over a billion dollars at some of the United States richest universities . The non profit status of some institutions like hospitals has been questioned in the United States House Ways and Means Committee ref cite web title Ways and Means Questions Nonprofit Hospitals Tax Status work publisher The Commonwealth Fund 1 East 75th Street, New York, NY date url http www.cmwf.org healthpolicyweek healthpolicyweek show.htm?doc id 278529 format Web doi accessdate 2007 01 22 ref ref cite paper author Jill Horwitz title Testimony Before House Ways and Means Committee version publisher date 2005 05 26 url http www.sph.umich.edu cleh papers horwitz.pdf format PDF accessdate ref See also List of U.S. colleges and universities by endowment Internal Revenue Service US tax collection agency PILOT finance PILOT Payment in Lieu of Taxes References Reflist 2 Category Taxation Category Cambridge, Massachusetts Category Taxation in the United States tax stub ... more details
Endowment may refer to many things Finance Financial endowment , relating to funds or property donated to institutions or individuals e.g., college endowmentEndowment mortgage , a mortgage to be repaid by an endowment policy Endowment policy , a type of life insurance policy A synonym for budget constraint , the total funds available for spending Other Endowment philosophy as a philosophical term Endowment Latter Day Saints a temple ceremony that confers heavenly priesthood power in Mormon theology A term for when one person s traits are magically transferred to another in the Magic Runelords Runelords saga Endowment can also be a term used for land reclamation reclaimed land Endowment has frequently been used to express the size of a womans breasts or a mans Genitals Endowment effect is a cognitive bias disambig ... more details
Refimprove date March 2007 Lilly Endowment Inc. , headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana is one of the world s largest private Foundation charity philanthropic foundations and is among the ten largest such Financial endowment endowments in the United States . The endowment was founded in 1937 by Josiah K. Lilly Sr. J. K. Lilly Sr. and his sons Eli Lilly industrialist Eli and Josiah K. Lilly Jr. J. K ... is the Endowment s foremost asset, the Endowment is separate from the company. The Endowment .... Lilly Endowment is unique in that it is the largest private foundation in the United States ... religion. Recipients One of the Endowment s most remarkable achievements has been its Giving Indiana ... other state. Total assets of these foundations are nearly 1.5 billion. From its inception, Lilly Endowment ... grants 1966 received Lilly Endowment provides 50,000 for the Youth Ministry project 1974 Two major ... by the Lilly Endowment 1976 Readiness for Ministry project is successfully completed. Lilly Endowment ... over a six year period. 1981 Lilly Endowment awards grant of 273,000 for the Study of Early Adolescents ... of Protestant Congregations, funded by the Lilly Endowment. 2003 Emory University s Candler School of Theology was awarded a four year, 2,182,200 grant by the Lilly Endowment Inc. for its Youth Theological ..., corporations, and government agencies, proceeds from the sales of products and services, and tax deductible ... history.ht Search Institute History ref Another recipient of the Lilly Endowment has included .... The Bethany Project is a pilot project in congregational revitalization funded by the Lilly Endowment ... think tank is also a large recipient of funds from the Lilly endowment. Art Collection Over the years, the Endowment has acquired a collection of important Indiana paintings that were in danger of leaving ... Group , John Elwood Bundy and others. The paintings are generally displayed at the Endowment s offices ... Reflist External links http www.lillyendowment.org Lilly Endowment website . Category Foundations ... more details
endowment policies received tax relief on the premiums known as LAPR Life Assurance Premium Relief . This gave a tax advantage for endowment mortgages over repayment. Similarly Mortgage Interest ...An endowment mortgage is a mortgage loan arranged on an interest only basis where the capital is intended to be repaid by one or more usually Low Cost Endowment policy endowment policies . The phrase endowment ... and is not a legal term. If the individual dies during the endowment mortgage period then the mortgage ... for the mortgage and one with the insurer for the endowment policy . The arrangements are distinct and the borrower can change either arrangement if they wish. In the past the endowment policy ... to ensure the proceeds of the endowment were made payable to them rather than the borrower typically the policy is assigned to the lender. This practice is uncommon now. Reasons for an endowment mortgage ... repayment loan the borrower instead makes payments to an endowment policy. The objective is that the investment made through the endowment policy will be sufficient to repay the mortgage at the end ... as the MIRAS relief reduced as a repayment mortgage was repaid. This tax incentivisation toward endowment mortgages is not often commented on in the media when they discuss endowment mortgages. An additional reason in favour of an endowment was that many lenders charge interest on an annual basis ... into an endowment might benefit from any growth from the moment it is invested. Henceforth, the net investment return required for the endowment to pay the loan, would be less than the average mortgage interest rate over the same period. Traded endowment policies Main article Endowment selling Traded endowment policies TEPs or second hand endowment policies SHEPs are traditional with profits ... investors to buy unwanted endowment policies for more than the surrender value offered by the insurance ... with Traditional With Profits policies. The easiest way of determining whether an endowment policy ... more details
Globalize date September 2011 Refimprove date November 2009 An endowment policy is a life insurance contract designed to pay a lump sum after a specified term on its maturity or on death. Typical maturities are ten, fifteen or twenty years up to a certain age limit. Some policies also pay out in the case of critical illness. Policies are typically With profits policy traditional with profits or Unitised insurance fund unit linked including those with unitised with profits funds . Endowments can be cashed in early or surrendered and the holder then receives the surrender value which is determined by the insurance company depending on how long the policy has been running and how much has been paid ... to the policies adopted by the funds managers at the time. Unit linked endowment Unit linked .... Full endowments A full endowment is a with profits endowment where the basic sum assured is equal ... than the sum assured. Low cost endowment LCE A low cost endowment is a combination of an endowment ... illness is diagnosed if included . The main purpose of a low cost endowment has been for endowment mortgage s to pay off interest only mortgage at maturity or earlier death in favour of full endowment with the required premium would be much higher. Traded endowments Main Endowment selling Traded endowment policies TEPs or second hand endowment policies SHEPs are traditional with profits endowments ... to buy unwanted endowment policies for more than the surrender value offered by the insurance ... With Profits policies. The easiest way of determining whether an endowment policy is in this category ... H.R 4333, S. 2238 in response to single premium life endowments being used as tax shelters. They are contracts with fewer than 7 level annual premiums, and are subject to more stringent tax regulations tax code 7702, 7702A . They are also subject to IRA like annuity rules such as penalties for pre death ..., it may then be redefined as a modified endowment plan. See also DEFAULTSORT Endowment Policy Category ... more details
of institutions of higher education by endowmentEndowmenttaxEndowment invasion References reflist ...A financial endowment is a transfer of money or property donated to an institution . The total value of an institution s investments is often referred to as the institution s endowment and is typically ... manage an endowment are academic institutions e.g., college s, universities , private school .... An endowment may come with stipulations regarding its usage. In some circumstances an endowment ... endowments Academic institutions, such as colleges and universities, will frequently control an endowment .... In addition to a general endowment fund, each university may also control a number of restricted endowments ... States, the endowment is often integral to the financial health of private educational institutions .... Oftentimes, alumni of the institution will contribute the bulk of capital to the endowment. By contrast .... There is, therefore, less of an endowment funding culture, with financial figures generally much ..., which are exceptionally wealthy even by US standards. Endowment funds have also been created ... incorporated its first public school district endowment association in Paola, Kansas , a small town ... and fund special projects in the district, which can not be afforded by the tax base. To promote the development of endowment associations across Kansas, USD 368 Endowment Association, which received ... in the organization and establishment of new endowment associations. ref Restricted endowments Endowment ... fellowships are the most common restriction on large donations to an endowment. The restricted unrestricted distinction focuses on the use of the funds see quasi endowment below for a distinction about ... is a position permanently paid for with the revenue from an endowment fund specifically set up for that purpose ... and possibly other cost assistance that is permanently paid for with the revenue of an endowment ... part of a fellowship. Financial operation A financial endowment is typically overseen by a board ... more details
Unreferenced date March 2012 Image TheCaliforniaEndowment.JPG thumb California Endowment headquarters in Los Angeles, California The California Endowment is a Private company private health Foundation nonprofit organization foundation , created after the conversion of Blue Cross Blue Shield Association BlueCross of California to a for profit company, that provides grants to community based organizations throughout California working to expand access to affordable healthcare and improve the health of residents of California. Organizations which have received funding include the Mental Health Association of San Francisco . References reflist External links http www.calendow.org The California Endowment DEFAULTSORT California Endowment Category Health in the United States Category Organizations based in California Category Foundations based in the United States US org stub pt The California Endowment ... more details
orphan date July 2009 Endowment in philosophy refers to the innate capacities of an individual, group, or institution. An individual s natural endowment can be abilities, such as intelligence or strength, given at birth. An individual s social endowment can be abilities attributed to the individual s position within a social hierarchy. According to Stephen R. Covey , author of The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People , there are seven human endowments. They are listed below. Primary endowments 1 Self awareness or self knowledge 2 Imagination and conscience 3 Volition or will power Secondary endowments 4 An abundance mentality 5 Courage and consideration 6 Creativity 7 Self renewal See also Endowment disambiguation External links http news.alliancehrnetwork.com recruiter news ?EC ReadArticle&ArticleID 21 Seven Habits Revisited Seven Unique Human Endowments DEFAULTSORT Endowment Philosophy Category Virtue Category Concepts in ethics philo stub kk ... more details
Globalize UK date December 2010 Endowment selling is the practice in the United Kingdom of selling an endowment policy to a third party. This is often an attempt to gain more money than the value given when surrendering the policy to the original life assurance life assurance company . Background With profits policy With profits endowment policies were aggressively sold for many years, including during the 1980s, by insurance companies. The policies were marketed as an almost guaranteed way to pay off a Mortgage loan mortgage and leave the policy holder with a lump sum once it had matured. The with profits endowment policy was sold alongside an interest only mortgage. By only paying interest, mortgage repayments were kept low. The endowment policy also had monthly premiums to pay which ran for the term of the mortgage. The policy would rise in value as premiums were paid and through profits from investments, paying off the mortgage when the policy matured. However, many policies did not increase to the level that was required. Surrendering vs. selling When it became apparent that many policies would not cover the cost of the mortgage loan, policy holders sought alternative methods to repay their mortgage and dispose of their endowment policies. Whilst initially, the only method was to surrender ... added value over their surrender values. Now, many companies offer to buy the with profits endowment ... of endowment policy buyers. Members of the public can either contact these companies directly or they can use the services of a Traded Endowment Specialist. Traded Endowment Specialists are companies that deal exclusively with Second Hand Endowment Policies and obtain offers from the entire market ... offer through these Traded Endowment Specialists. Not all purchase offers are the same as some .... A Traded Endowment Specialist can assist you in understanding the nature of the different offers .... DEFAULTSORT Endowment Selling Category Insurance ... more details
Endowment invasion is when an institution uses the financial endowment to pay off debts and cover the yearly operating expenses. In New York the practice requires approval from the state attorney general s office and the New York State Supreme Court . By 2009 most states have adopted Uniform Prudent Management of Institutional Funds Act , a law which allows invading principal. ref cite news first last authorlink coauthors title url http www.upmifa.org quote work date accessdate 2009 07 09 ref It is considered a last resort for any institution to stave off closure. ref name opera cite news author Robin Pogrebin coauthors title City Opera Tries to Hold Off the Ultimate Finale url http nytimes.com 2009 06 18 arts music 18city.html quote During Ms. Baker s tenure, City Opera has raided its endowment which now stands at 16 million, down from 57 million when she was appointed in December 2003 to pay off debts and cover operating expenses. The practice, known as endowment invasion, requires approval from the state attorney general s office and the State Supreme Court, and is widely considered a last resort for any arts institution. work New York Times date June 17, 2009 accessdate 2009 06 18 ref Examples From 2003 to 2009 New York City Opera drew down their endowment from 57 million to 16 million to pay off debts and cover annual operating expenses. ref name opera In the 1980s the New York Historical Society began using money from the their endowment to pay their annual operating costs and cover their salaries to the point where by 1988 they had only enough money in their endowment to pay for another 18 months of operating expenses. ref cite news first Douglas C. last McGill authorlink ..., after many years of using money from the society s endowment to pay for yearly operating deficits, the trustees determined that the endowment had dwindled to the point where the institution would be bankrupt ... for years had used money from its endowment and from a few wealthy trustees and patrons to compensate ... more details
The Duke Endowment is a private foundation charity foundation established in 1924 by industrialist and philanthropist James B. Duke . The mission of the foundation is to serve the people of North Carolina and South Carolina by supporting selected programs of higher education, health care, children s welfare, and spiritual life. James B. Duke endowed the foundation on December 11, 1924 with 40 million. In the Indenture of Trust, Mr. Duke specified that he wanted the Endowment to support Duke University , Davidson College , Furman University , Johnson C. Smith University not for profit hospitals and children s homes in the two Carolinas and rural United Methodist churches in North Carolina, retired pastors, and their surviving families. When Mr. Duke died in 1925, he left the Endowment an additional 67 million. Adjusted for present value, Mr. Duke s total gifts would amount to more than 1.3 billion today. The market value of the Endowment s assets have grown to approximately 2.7 billion. From 1924 2011, the Endowment has awarded over 2.9 billion in grants. The Duke Endowment is a co publisher, along with the North Carolina Institute of Medicine , of the North Carolina Medical Journal, a journal of health policy analysis and debate. http www.ncmedicaljournal.org The Endowment was established by a http www.dukeendowment.org images stories downloads tde indenture.PDF trust indenture that Donor intent specifies how the funds were to be used. First, 6 million was to be used to either found a Duke University or to enhance Trinity College, located at Durham, North Carolina, if that school changed its name to Duke University within 3 months. The remaining funds were to be invested primarily in Duke Power Company stock. Of the income generated annually by these funds, 20 were to be reinvested ... church maintenance in NC and SC 4 External links http www.dukeendowment.org The Duke Endowment DEFAULTSORT Duke Endowment Category Foundations based in the United States Category Duke family Category ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 The Nazrul Endowment is one of several scholarly institutions established to preserve and expound upon the thoughts and philosophy of Bengali people Bengali poet Kazi Nazrul Islam as well as the preservation and analysis of the large and diverse collection of his works. Category Education in Bangladesh Bangladesh edu stub ... more details
The Barlow Endowment for Music Composition is a scholarship established in September 1983 through the generosity of Milton A. and Gloria Barlow. Motivated by their love of music, the Barlows presented a substantial gift to Brigham Young University , engendering and supporting excellence in musical composition through the university and the BYU College of Fine Arts and Communications . The Barlow Endowment Board of Directors and Board of Advisors have subsequently been engaged in employing the proceeds of the Endowment to support four programs The Barlow Prize, General Commissions, LDS Composer Commissions, and Education Grants.. ref Barlow Endowment for Music Composition . College of Fine Arts and Communication. Brigham Young University. http cfac.byu.edu index.php?id 1024. Accessed 27 June 2007. ref Every year, the Endowment hosts an international composition competition. Applications from across the globe are accepted and reviewed by a panel of musicians. The winners are selected and commissioned to compose new works during the next year. The Barlow Prize Each year, the Barlow Endowment selects a genre for the Barlow Prize. Arrangements are made for a piece to be composed for and performed by ensembles who specialize in that genre. The 15 to 20 minute work is expected to meet the highest artistic requirements for the medium. Additional specifications for the work will be negotiated among the Barlow Endowment, the composer, and the performing consortium. General Commissions Any composer, or agent, artist or ensemble applying on behalf of a particular composer may submit an application for a general commission. The only requirement is that all requested application materials be submitted together. Composers applying for a general commission are to submit a request as to how ... allocated from the Barlow Endowment to the composition faculty of the Brigham Young University ... references div Barlow Endowment web page http cfac.byu.edu index.php?id 1024 Category Brigham Young ... more details
public building, until the construction of the Endowment House, the Mormon s used the top floor of the Council .... Completed in 1855, the building was dedicated by Heber C. Kimball and came to be called the Endowment House. Appearance The Endowment House stood on the northwest corner of Temple Square . Initially ... their washing and anointing washings and anointings and Endowment Mormonism endowments . Between 1855 ... for the dead. Mormons did not consider the Endowment House a Temple LDS Church temple , so ... 1874 , go into the Endowment House and be baptized for our dead, receive our washings and anointings ... no sealing of children nor endowments for the dead performed in the Endowment House. These ordinances ... of the Twelve Apostles LDS Church Quorum of the Twelve Apostles . Demolition The Endowment House became ... marriage had been performed the previous spring in the Endowment House without his permission. After ... was being demolished. By the end of the month all trace of the Endowment House was gone ... of polygamy, which had been so firmly associated in the mind of the public with the Endowment House. Other Endowment Houses File Endowment House, Spring City, Utah.jpg right thumb Building currently known as the Endowment House , Spring City, Utah. The Endowment House at Salt Lake City may not have ..., https www.sunstonemagazine.com pdf 011 09 10.pdf The Other Endowment House, Sunstone, 11 July August, 1978 9 10. ref One of these is a building known as the Endowment House in Spring City, Utah ... temple ordinances. References reflist A. William Lund. History of the Salt Lake Endowment House. Improvement Era , 39 Apr. 1936 213. James D. Tingen, The Endowment House, 1855 1889, Senior History Research ... Lake City Endowment House, Journal of Mormon History , 34 Fall 2008 1 68. Category Religious buildings ... more details
In behavioral economics , the endowment effect also known as divestiture aversion is the hypothesis that a person ... WTP for it once their property right to it has been established. The endowment effect was described ... famous examples of the endowment effect in the literature is from a study by Kahneman, Knetsch & Thaler ... for it once their ownership of the mug had been established. Other examples of the endowment ..., the endowment effect has been observed in a wide range of different populations using different ... endowment effect however was first explicitly coined by the economist Richard Thaler 1980 ref name ... into a consumer s choice processes when goods included in their endowment become more highly valued than goods that are not. In the years that followed, extensive investigations into the endowment effect ... of X units to move him her to point B. Thus the difference between B A and C A would account for the endowment ... while buying the same amount of goods. File ValunFunProspectTheory2.png Figure 1 Prospect Theory and the Endowment ... by Hanemann 1991 , ref name Hanemann prospect theory need not be invoked to account for the endowment ... 2 Hanemann s Endowment Effect Explanation Connection Based Theories Connection based theories propose that subjective feelings are responsible for an individual s reluctance to trade i.e. the endowment ... or highly prosaic items typically used in endowment effect type studies is not sufficient to produce ... have raised the hypothesis that natural selection may favor individuals whose preferences embody an endowment ... to an alternative seller , having a predisposition towards embodying the endowment effect may ... that suggest the endowment effect is less strong when the relatively artificial sense of scarcity induced in experimental settings is lessened. Criticisms of the endowment effect Some economists have ... without reference to an endowment effect. Shogren, et al. 1994 ref name Shogren noted that the experimental technique used by Kahneman and Thaler 1990 ref name Kahneman2 to demonstrate the endowment ... more details
for the use of this term in an earlier and or wider context Endowment Latter Day Saints In Mormonism , the endowment is an ordinance Latter Day Saints ordinance ritual ceremony designed to prepare participants ... Church , the endowment also consists of a series of covenants promises to God which participants make ... in an Temple LDS Church LDS Church temple must first complete the endowment ceremony. The endowment ... , special places dedicated specifically for the endowment and certain other rituals sacred to Mormons ... Lake Temple where a small building referred to as the Endowment House was used to perform the ritual. The endowment is currently practiced by the LDS Church, several denominations of Mormon ... endowment ceremony was also performed in the 1830s in the Kirtland Temple , the first temple ... of Christ . The term Endowment Latter Day Saints endowment has various meanings historically, and within the other branches of that movement. Modern endowment as practiced by the LDS Church The most well known Mormon endowment ceremony is that performed by the LDS Church in its Temple LDS Church temples ..., including the endowment, are open only to worthy Mormons who have a valid temple recommend . To be eligible to receive a temple recommend that will allow one to participate in the Endowment, one must ... priesthood Latter Day Saints Melchizedek priesthood to participate in the endowment. A temple recommend ... to serious past sins. Prior to participating in the endowment, members of the LDS Church frequently ... 2011 The initiatory is a prelude to the endowment proper, and consists of 1 instruction 2 multiple ... in preparation for the endowment. ref name Buerger 1994 Harvtxt Buerger 1994 . ref Washing and anointing ... See John 13 KJV , and were part of the Kirtland endowment discussed above. As part of the endowment ... own endowment would have previously received his Melchizedek priesthood Latter Day Saints Melchizedek ... The instructional and testing portion of the Endowment Most Latter day Saints who attend the temple ... more details
World which also enjoyed a large factor endowment and access to British institutions did not develop ... like Brazil and Cuba had an extremely large yet concentrated factor endowment that tended toward ... by advanced technology. Notes references DEFAULTSORT Factor Endowment Category International economics ... more details
Gyldendal s Endowment was a literature prize which was awarded in the period 1934&ndash 1995 by the Norway Norwegian publisher Gyldendal Norsk Forlag . ref name gyldendalprisen cite web url http www.forfatterportalen.no litteraturpriser gyldendal.htm title Gyldendalprisen publisher Forfatterportalen.no language Norwegian accessdate 29 March 2009 ref The prize was awarded to significant authors, regardless of which publisher the author was associated with. The basic capital of the legacies came from the release of Bj rnson s collective works in 1932. Citation needed date March 2009 From 1996 the Gyldendals endowment was superseded by the Gyldendal Prize ref name gyldendalprisen ref http www.gyldendal.no new default.asp?ID Publisher 0&ID Channel 2629&ID Category &ID Article 7098 Summary of Gyldendal s Endowment Award for 2007 Norwegian ref for particularly significant writing and since 1998 by the Sult prisen Hunger Award for eminent young authors . ref name sult cite web url http www.forfatterportalen.no litteraturpriser sult.htm title Sult prisen publisher Forfatterportalen.no language Norwegian accessdate 29 March 2009 ref Endowment winners 1934 &ndash Olav Duun 1935 &ndash Peter Egge , Herman Wildenvey , Arnulf verland 1936 &ndash Gabriel Scott 1937 &ndash Cora Sandel 1938 &ndash Arthur Omre 1939 &ndash Johan Falkberget 1940 &ndash Sigurd Christiansen , Ronald Fangen , Sigurd Hoel 1941 &ndash Gunnar Reiss Andersen , Kristian Elster d.y. Kristian Elster 1942 &ndash Inge Krokann 1943 &ndash Tarjei Vesaas 1944 &ndash Inger Hagerup 1945 &ndash Johan Borgen 1946 &ndash Emil Boyson , Ernst Orvil , Tore rjas ter 1947 &ndash Nils Johan Rud 1948 &ndash Ingeborg M ller , Aksel Sandemose 1949 &ndash Gunnar Larsen , Magnhild Haalke 1950 &ndash Egil Rasmussen , Hans Henrik Holm 1951 &ndash Gunvor Hofmo 1952 &ndash Jakob Sande , Mikkjel F nhus 1953 &ndash Engvald Bakkan 1954 &ndash Agnar Mykle , Terje Stigen 1955 &ndash Bj rn Rongen , Alfred Hauge 1956 &ndash Sigbj rn H lmebakk ... more details
Taxation To tax from the Latin wikt en taxo Latin taxo I estimate is to impose a financial charge or other ... by many administrative division s. Taxes consist of direct tax or indirect tax , and may be paid in money or as its labour equivalent often but not always unpaid labour . A tax may be defined as a pecuniary ... A tax is not a voluntary payment or donation, but an enforced contribution, exacted pursuant to legislative ... Black Overview File Pieter Brueghel the Younger, Paying the Tax The Tax Collector oil on panel, 1620 1640. USC Fisher Museum of Art.jpg thumb 300px left Pieter Brueghel the Younger, The tax collector ... of economists, a tax is a non penal, yet compulsory transfer of resources from the private to the Public ... debated in politics and economics . Tax collection is performed by a government agency such as Canada .... br br br Tax rates Main Tax rate Taxes are most often levied as a percentage, called the tax rate . An important distinction when talking about tax rates is to distinguish between the marginal rate and the effective average rate. The effective rate is the total tax paid divided by the total amount the tax is paid on, while the marginal rate is the rate paid on the next dollar of income ... in taxes. Tax calculation 0.05 50,000 0.10 50,000 0.15 75,000 18,750 The effective .... Governments use different kinds of taxes and vary the tax rates. This is done to distribute the tax ... of the economy the government s strategy for doing this is called its fiscal policy see also tax ... classes of transaction more or less attractive. A nation s tax system is often a reflection of its communal ... choices regarding the distribution of the tax burden who will pay taxes and how much they will pay ... of establishing the tax system, these choices reflect the type of community that the public wishes ... and other expenses incurred in complying with tax laws and rules. The collection of a tax in order to spend it on a specified purpose, for example collecting a tax on alcohol to pay directly for alcoholism ... more details
Houston Endowment Inc. was founded in 1937 by Jesse H. Jones and Mary Gibbs Jones as an extension of their personal philanthropy to help establish institutions and organizations that help facilitate the growth of Houston, Texas Houston and develop its people. It was the principal beneficiary of Jesse and Mary Jones estates after their deaths. The foundation, whose purpose is the support of any charitable undertaking, contributes to a broad spectrum of programs in education, health care, human services, cultural arts, and other areas. Although the Joneses imposed no geographic restrictions on grants, their actions and words supported a policy that the majority of funds be directed to programs serving the people of the Greater Houston area and the state of Texas . The foundation is governed by a board of directors and is managed by its professional staff, which meets regularly to determine investment and administrative policies and to consider grant requests. In the early 1990s Houston Endowment Incorporated was the largest private philanthropic foundation in Texas and ranked among the largest in the nation. During its first twenty five years, the foundation made grants totaling about 24 million, and by the end of 2000 had distributed grants in excess of 749 million. An endowment valued ... handbook online articles HH vrh2.html Handbook of Texas Online HOUSTON ENDOWMENT Bot generated title ref By the mid 1950s, Houston Endowment owned many prominent buildings and businesses in Houston, Fort Worth, Texas Fort Worth and New York City . In response to the Tax Reform Act of 1969, the foundation ..., Houston Endowment s assets have grown to approximately 1.4 billion, enabling the foundation to donate .... ref http www.houstonendowment.org aboutus history.htm Houston Endowment Inc Bot generated title ref References reflist External links http www.houstonendowment.org index.htm Houston Endowment Inc ... from Houston Endowment Inc. to The University of Texas at Austin Category History of Houston, Texas ... more details
The White House Endowment Trust, sometimes also called the White House Endowment Fund, is a private, non profit, tax exempt fund established to finance the ongoing restoration and refurbishment of the state rooms at the White House , the official home and principal workplace of the President of the United States . The fund is funded by private donation, through individual citizens and corporations. The trust is administered by the White House Historical Association . Founded in 1964 as the White House Preservation Fund, concurrent with the creation of the Committee for the Preservation of the White House , the goal was to establish an endowment to finance ongoing restoration projects. Rosalynn Carter First Lady Rosalynn Carter restyled the fund as the White House Endowment Trust in 1978 and substantially increased the fund s profile and worth. By the late 1980s performance of the fund had dwindled. Barbara Bush First Lady Barbara Bush sought to revitalize the fund as the White House Endowment Trust to be managed by the White House Historical Association . She set a goal of raising a 25 million endowment. Hillary Rodham Clinton First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton s continued support help expand the trust s endowment to over 35 million. As first lady, Mrs. Clinton also became a chief beneficiary of the fund in refurbishing the Blue Room White House Blue Room , Red Room White House Red Room , State Dining Room White House State Dining Room , Cross Hall , and East Room . In May 2006 the White House Endowment Trust reported net assets of 35,689,418 on IRS Form 990. See also White House Acquisition Trust White House Historical Association Committee for the Preservation of the White House References Clinton, Hillary Rodham. An Invitation to the White House At Home with History. Simon & Schuster 2000. ISBN 0 684 85799 5. Garrett, Wendell. Our Changing White House. Northeastern University Press 1995. ISBN 1 55553 222 5. Monkman, Betty C. The White House The Historic Furnishing ... more details
The National Endowment for the Arts NEA is an independent agency of the United States federal government ... web url http www.nea.gov about index.html author National Endowment for the Arts title About Us accessdate ... theater 13nea.html?src twr Producer Is Chosen to Lead Arts Endowment , New York Times , May 13, 2009 ... endowment for the arts Rocco Landesman Confirmed as Chairman of the National Endowment for the Arts ... , who criticized the agency for using tax dollars to fund highly controversial artists such as Robert ... for National Endowment for the Arts , NEA, December 27, 2007 ref For FY 2009, the budget is US 155 million. ref name budget http www.arts.gov about Budget AppropriationsHistory.html National Endowment ... title Book Discloses That Reagan Planned To Kill National Endowment for Arts author William H. Honan ... that reagan planned to kill national endowment for arts.html?scp 1&sq Reagan 20National 20Endowment ... from the United States government s National Endowment for the Arts NEA were vetoed by John Frohnmayer ... would make its way to the United States Supreme Court in National Endowment for the Arts v. Finley . ref National Endowment for the Arts v. Finley , 524 U.S. 569, 1998 . ref The case centered on subsection ... Endowment for the Humanities and the Corporation for Public Broadcasting . While some in Congress attacked the funding of controversial artists, others argued the endowment was wasteful and elitist ... and the end of grants to individual artists, Gingrich ultimately failed in his push to eliminate the endowment ... National Endowment for the Arts Announces New Acting Chairman, NEA press release dated February 2 ... 2009 Rocco Landesman , appointed by Barack Obama ref name confirmed See also National Endowment for the Humanities ... of Cultural Affairs References reflist cite book last National Endowment for the Arts title The National Endowment for the Arts 1965 2000 A Brief Chronology of Federal Support for the Arts location Washington, DC publisher National Endowment for the Arts url http www.nea.gov about Chronology Chronology.html ... more details
of the National Endowment for Democracy, Carl Gershman pictured, second from the left , presents an award to a Tunisian leader of the Arab Spring in November 2011. The National Endowment for Democracy ... of a bipartisan, private, non profit corporation to be known as the National Endowment for Democracy ... about nedhistory.html title History publisher National Endowment for Democracy accessdate November ... Endowment for Democracy as a nonprofit organization. ref name ned1 NED is structured to act ... Cite web url http www.ned.org grants grants.html title Grants publisher National Endowment for Democracy ..., 2008 title Meet Our President date July 9, 2008 publisher National Endowment for Democracy archiveurl ... grants 04programs grants eurasia04.html Ukraine title Grants Program 2004 publisher National Endowment ... Democracy is not an American plot publisher Carnegie Endowment for International Peace first Michael ... Blum TrojanHorse RS.html Trojan Horse The National Endowment for Democracy , from the book ... or democratic socialist bent. ref The National Endowment for Democracy http www.zcommunications.org the national endowment for democracy by bill berkowitz by Bill Berkowitz, Z Magazine, October 2001 ... news url http www.southasiaanalysis.org papers2 paper115.html title THE NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY ... Past Fellows publisher National Endowment for Democracy accessdate November 3, 2008 archiveurl http ... muslimWomen title Publications publisher National Endowment for Democracy accessdate November 3, 2008 ... s Press With U.S. Tax Dollars work NACLA date July 15, 2010 accessdate September 14, 2010 ref Western ... Endowment for Democracy , CATO Institute ref blockquote More recently, the NED has provided ... North Caucasus republics. Funding totalled 49,830. ref Cite web title National Endowment for Democracy Russia url http www.ned.org where we work eurasia russia publisher National Endowment for Democracy ... Auditors Report year 2008 publisher National Endowment for Democracy accessdate April 2, 2010 ref The NED ... more details
services weef ref The Fee The Student Endowment Fund contribution is one of the most significant sources of donations to WEEF. This is a voluntary, tax deductible 75 donation made by the engineering ... figure for the Waterloo Engineering Endowment Fund. The Director s role is to oversee the Funding ... more details
infobox Organization image Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Dupont Circle.JPG caption The Endowment ... Endowment for International Peace is a foreign policy foreign policy think tank with centers in Washington ... about title About the Global Think Tank publisher Carnegie Endowment for International Peace date ... of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. ref name history cite web url http www.carnegieendowment.org about index.cfm?fa history title Endowment History publisher Carnegie Endowment for International ... Carnegie announced the establishment of the Endowment with a gift of 10 million. In his deed of gift ... States Secretary of State State , to be the Endowment s first president. Awarded the Nobel ... 1960 At the outset of America s involvement in World War I in 1917, the Carnegie Endowment trustees ... Endowment for International Peace publisher Carnegie Endowment for International Peace date accessdate 2012 03 06 ref In December 1918, Carnegie Endowment Secretary James Brown Scott and four other Endowment ... . On July 14, 1923, the Hague Academy of International Law , an initiative of the Endowment, was formally ... as president of the Endowment. For his work, including his involvement with the Kellog Briand Pact , Butler ... 06 ref In November 1944, the Carnegie Endowment published Raphael Lemkin s Axis Rule in Occupied Europe ... date accessdate 2012 03 06 ref In April 1945, James T. Shotwell , director of the Carnegie Endowment ... title 100 Years of Impact publisher Carnegie Endowment for International Peace date accessdate ... CarnegieBrochure.pdf title 100 Years of Impact publisher Carnegie Endowment for International Peace date accessdate 2012 03 06 ref Alger Hiss briefly succeeded Butler as president of the Endowment in 1946 ... was replaced in the interim by James T. Shotwell . In 1947, the Carnegie Endowment s headquarters ... about timeline100 index.html title A Timeline of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace publisher Carnegie Endowment for International Peace date accessdate 2012 03 06 ref In 1950, the Endowment ... more details
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