chembox verifiedrevid 443833173 Name Endrin ImageFile Endrin.svg ImageSize 200px ImageName IUPACName Mendrin, Compound 269 1a R ,2 S ,2a S ,3 S ,6 R ,6a R ,7 R ,7a S 3,4,5,6,9,9 hexachloro 1a,2,2a,3,6,6a,7,7a octahydro 2,7 3,6 dimethanonaphtho 2,3 b oxirene Other names Mendrin , and Compound 269 Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 21782117 InChI 1 C12H8Cl6O c13 8 9 14 11 16 5 3 1 2 6 7 3 19 6 4 5 10 8,15 12 11,17 18 h2 7H,1H2 t2 ,3 ,4 ,5 ,6 ,7 ,10 ,11 InChIKey DFBKLUNHFCTMDC RVVFZPGKBH StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C12H8Cl6O c13 8 9 14 11 16 5 3 1 2 6 7 3 19 6 4 5 10 8,15 12 11,17 18 h2 7H,1H2 t2 ,3 ,4 ,5 ,6 ,7 ,10 ,11 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey DFBKLUNHFCTMDC RVVFZPGKSA N CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS CASNo 72 20 8 KEGG Ref keggcite correct kegg KEGG C18124 UNII Ref fdacite ... Properties C 12 H 8 Cl 6 O 1 MolarMass 380.907 g mol Density MeltingPt 200 C decomposes Endrin is an organochloride ... and uses Endrin is produced via a multistep route from hexachlorocyclopentadiene . ref name Ullmann ... is epoxidation epoxidized to give endrin. Endrin is a stereoisomer of dieldrin . The majority of endrin about 80 was consumed as a spray to control insect pests of cotton. It was also used on rice .... Environmental problems The use of endrin is Stockholm Convention banned in many countries. Like ... 10 years. In comparison with dieldrin, endrin is less persistent in the environment. Safety Endrin is toxic with an LD50 is 17.8 and 7.5 mg kg oral, rat . Acute endrin poisoning in humans affects primarily the nervous system . Food contaminated with endrin caused several clusters of poisonings worldwide, especially affecting children. ref name prn Orally ingested endrin is eliminated mostly in feces ... organic pollutants Category Alkenes Category Epoxides ca Endrina cs Endrin de Endrin es Endrina plaguicida ja simple Endrin sl Endrin su ndrin fi Endriini ... more details
Orphan date January 2011 Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 Drins is a group name used for the now ban law banned organochlorine chlorinated insecticide s aldrin , dieldrin and endrin , originally produced in the late 1940s by J. Hyman & Co, Denver, as insecticides . Category Organochloride insecticides Organohalide stub ... more details
DISPLAYTITLE C sub 12 sub H sub 8 sub Cl sub 6 sub O The molecular formula C sub 12 sub H sub 8 sub Cl sub 6 sub O molar mass 380.91 g mol may refer to Dieldrin Endrin Molecular formula disambiguation ... more details
orphan date April 2010 Dillo Dirt is a compost made by the Austin, Texas City of Austin , Texas since 1989. It was the first program of its kind in the state and one of the oldest in the nation. ref cite web url http www.austintexas.gov dillodirt title Introduction to Dillo Dirt ref Dillo Dirt is named after the Nine banded Armadillo Dasypus novemcinctus , which is a mammal native to Texas. It is also a trademark ed Product business product of the City of Austin Water and Wastewater Utility. The unique difference between Dillo Dirt and normal compost is that it contains treated municipal sewage sludge along with yard trimmings collected curbside by the city s waste management department. These are combined and composted to create Dillo Dirt. Despite this fact, Dillo Dirt meets all Texas Department of Agriculture Texas and United States Environmental Protection Agency U.S. Environmental Protection Agency requirements for unrestricted use, which even includes vegetable gardens. The heat generated in composting convert 130 to 170 F C 1 is sufficient to virtually eliminate human and plant pathogens. After active composting for over a month, the compost is cured for several months, then screened to produce the finished product. According to the City of Austin, Dillo Dirt contains levels of heavy metals including Arsenic, Cadmium, Copper, Lead, Mercury, Molybdenum, Nickel, Selenium, and Zinc. In a separate toxicological analysis of Dillo Dirt, levels of the following pollutants were found Beta Hexachlorocyclohexane Beta BHC , Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene DDE , Dieldrin , Endrin Endrin aldehyde , Benzo b fluoranthene , Dibenz a,h anthracene , Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon Benzo a anthracene , Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon Indeno 1,2,3 cd pyrene , and Bis 2 ethylhexyl phthalate Bis 2 ethylhexyl phthalate . Very few tests have been carried out on Dillo Dirt, so average pollutant, radioactivity, or carcinogen levels are generally unknown. ref cite web url http austinc ... more details
used during the 1950s to early 1970s. Endrin is a stereoisomer of dieldrin. However, it is an extremely ... and use of aldrin , chlordane , DDT , dieldrin , hexachlorobenzene HCB , heptachlor , endrin ... Doctors for the Environment Australia . See also Aldrin Endrin References references S. Kegley, B. Hill ... more details
image Map of Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.svg thumb right 275px State parties to the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Persistent organic pollutants POP s are organic compounds that are resistant to environmental degradation through chemical decomposition chemical , biodegradation biological , and photolysis photolytic processes. ref name ritter cite web title Persistent organic pollutants author Ritter L coauthors Solomon KR, Forget J, Stemeroff M, O Leary C. url http www.chem.unep.ch pops ritter en ritteren.pdf publisher United Nations Environment Programme accessdate 2007 09 16 ref Because of this, they have been observed to persist in Environment biophysical the environment , to be capable of long range transport, bioaccumulate in human and animal Biological tissue tissue , biomagnification biomagnify in food chain s, ref name ritter and to have potential significant impacts on human health and the environment. Many POPs are currently or were in the past used as pesticide s. Others are used in industrial processes and in the production of a range of goods such as solvent s, polyvinyl chloride , and pharmaceutical s. ref name ritter There are a few natural sources of POPs clarification needed date October 2011 , but most POPs are created by humans in industrial processes, either intentionally or as byproducts. ref name ritter Compounds In May 1995, the United Nations Environment Programme Governing Council GC decided to begin investigating POPs, initially beginning with a short list of the following twelve POPs, known as the dirty dozen ref name thedirtydozen cite web title The Dirty Dozen url http www.unido.org doc 29428 publisher United Nations Industrial Development Organization accessdate 2007 12 17 ref aldrin , chlordane , DDT , dieldrin , endrin , heptachlor , hexachlorobenzene , mirex , polychlorinated biphenyls , Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins polychlorinated dibenzo p dioxins , dibenzofuran polychlorinated dib ... more details
The Boll Weevil Eradication Program is a program sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture USDA that has sought to eradicate the boll weevil in the cotton growing areas of the United States . It is one of the world s most successful implementations of integrated pest management . The program has enabled cotton farmers to reduce their use of pesticides by between 40 to 100 percent, and increase their yields by at least 10 , since its inception in the 1970s. The USDA estimated in 2006 that nationwide eradication of the boll weevil was expected by 2009. ref http www.aphis.usda.gov publications plant health content printable version fsbollweevil.pdf USDA Boll Weevil Eradication ref History Since its migration from Mexico in the late 19th century, the boll weevil had been the single most destructive cotton pest in the US, and possibly the most destructive agricultural pest in the US. The cost of its crop depredations has been estimated at 300 million per year. ref http www.encyclopedia.com doc 1G1 14987730.html Boll weevil economic impacts ref The control measures used have included a wide range of pesticides, including calcium arsenate , DDT , toxaphene , aldrin , dieldrin , endrin , heptachlor , malathion , and parathion . In 1958, the National Cotton Council garnered the United States Congress Congressional support to create the USDA Boll Weevil Research Lab. In 1959 J. R. Brazzel and L. D. Newsom published a paper outlining the winter dormancy diapause behavior of the boll weevil. Brazzel published the results of his first diapause control insecticide treatment trial in 1959, finding that methyl parathion treatments in the fall significantly reduced the overwintering population, especially when combined with plowing of the stalks into the ground. More sophisticated trapping and monitoring devices were developed over the next decade. Further progress was made when the male boll weevil pheromone was identified in the 1960s the insects could be lured into ... more details
took its own soil samples and discovered instances of the pesticide aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, and endrin like chemicals, all of which were produced at the Velsicol plant. However, while Tennessee ... more details
Orphan date June 2011 In situ chemical reduction ISCR is a new type of environmental remediation technique used for soil and or groundwater remediation to reduce the concentrations of targeted environmental contaminants to acceptable levels. It is the mirror process of In situ oxidation In Situ Chemical Oxidation ISCO . ISCR is usually applied in the environment by injecting them in liquid form into the contaminated area or placing a solid medium of chemical reductants in the path of a contaminant plume. ref http www.epa.gov ada gw iscr.html ref It can be used to remediate a variety of organic compounds, including some that are resistant to natural degradation. The in situ in ISCR is just Latin for in place , signifying that ISCR is a chemical reduction reaction that occurs at the site of the contamination. Like ISCO, it is able to decontaminate many compounds, and, in theory, ISCR could be more effective in ground water remediation than ISCO. Chemical reduction is one half of a redox reaction, which results in the gain of electrons. One of the reactants in the reaction becomes oxidized, or loses electrons, while the other reactant becomes reduced, or gains electrons. In ISCR, reducing compounds, compounds that accept electrons given by other compounds in a reaction, are used to change to change the contaminants into harmless compounds. toc left History ISCR is a relatively new type of ground water remediation technology. The most work on this method of remediation has been done in the past 10 15 years, so there are still many gaps in the understanding of the chemistry behind this process. The development of ISCR started out when K.H. Sweeney conducted research with zero valent copper and iron in the late 1970s. He was able to treat a number of different chlorinated substances such as DDT , endrin , chloroform , and hexachlorocyclopentadiene to name a few. His work has been the basis of ISCR today. ref name technical Cite conference first R.A. last Brown coauthors L ... more details
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