refimprove date April 2012 File DEFRA Energy Crops scheme plantation geograph.org.uk 848101.jpg thumb 200px A Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs energy Crops scheme plantation in the United Kingdom. Energy crops of this sort can be used in conventional power stations or specialised electricity generation units, reducing the amount of fossil fuel derived carbon dioxide emissions. An energycrop is a plant grown as a low cost and low maintenance harvest used to make biofuel s, or combusted for its energy content to generate electricity or heat. Energy crops are generally categorized as woody or herbaceous plants many of the latter are grasses Graminaceae . Commercial energy crops are typically densely planted, high yielding crop species where the energy crops will be burnt to generate ... bioenergy DEFAULTSORT EnergyCrop Category Anaerobic digestion Category Energy crops Category .... However, high energy yield can be realized with existing cultivars. Citation needed date April 2012 TOC Types of energy crops By destination Solid Biomass File Public Footpath Through Elephant Grass geograph.org.uk 291522.jpg thumb Elephant grass Miscanthus sinensis is an experimental energycrop Note The terms biofuel, biomass, and so on, are often used interchangeably. Energy generated by burning plants grown for the purpose, often after the dry matter is pelletized. Energy crops are used for firing ... can be directly supplemented with energy crops once they have been ensiled into silage . The fastest growing sector of German biofarming has been in the area of Renewable Energy Crops on nearly 500,000 ha of land 2006 . Citation needed date April 2012 Energy crops can also be grown to boost gas yields where feedstocks have a low energy content, such as manures and spoiled grain. It is estimated that the energy yield presently of bioenergy crops converted via silage to methane is about 2 GWh ... energy crops and sustain the entire farms energy requirements with about 1 5 the acreage. In Europe ... more details
Infobox Film name The Crop writer George Elliot Australian actor George Elliot starring George Elliot Australian actor George Elliot br Holly Brisley br Rhys Muldoon director Scott Patterson film director Scott Patterson producer David Wood cinematography Roger Lanser editing Michael Horwitz br Tim Wellburn studio Miracle Productions distributor Elliot Bros Film Distribution br Roadshow Entertainment released 18 August 2004 runtime 103 minutes country FilmAustralia language English music Subvision awards budget 4,000,000 AUD The Crop is a 2004 Australian comedy film set during the 1980s. Plot The Crop , is set in the early 1980s in Australia, and is about larrikin nightclub owner, Ronnie Blade Gillette George Elliot , and his barmaid girlfriend Geraldine Holly Brisley . Two months after random breath testing has been introduced, Blade realises he s going broke. Afraid of driving under the influence, his customers are not buying his alcohol grog , they re going out to the carpark to smoke Cannabis drug dope . Like any good businessman, Blade decides he needs a strategy. He decides to grow some dope as a way out of his financial hole. Blade and his best mate, Wack Rhys Muldoon , set about growing their crop of weed on a property owned by the father of his girlfriend but they soon get ... Rob Steele Malone Vincent Stone Dago Tahnee Stroet Tania Bruce Venables Wally Eye Box Office The Crop ...?from moreStories title The Crop publisher Sydney Morning Herald last Byrnes first Paul ... txt s1178581.htm title The Crop work At the Movies Australian TV series At the Movies publisher ABC1 ... Box Office ref Reception The Crop received the prize for Best International Feature ... 1121538954973.html title Sequel to The Crop date 19 July 2005 accessdate 8 August 2011 publisher Fairfax ... groupequals holdingType page 0 parentid query 602683 querytype rec 0 resCount 10 The Crop at the National Film and Sound Archive DEFAULTSORT Crop, The Category 2000s comedy films Category 2004 films ... more details
A standing crop is the quantity or total weight or energy content of the organism s which are in a particular location at a particular time. The standing crop is the total dry weight of all organisms. See also Biomass ecology External links http www.treesearch.fs.fed.us pubs 8730 Models that predict standing crop of stream fish from habitat variables 1950 85 Category Habitats Category Organisms Category Ecological metrics ecology stub ... more details
Wiktionary Cream of the crop may refer to Cream of the Crop , the 1969 album recorded by Diana Ross & the Supremes Cream of the Crop Dead Milkmen album Cream of the Crop Dead Milkmen album , a 1998 compilation album by The Dead Milkmen Discography The Dead Milkmen Cr me de la cr me disambiguation disambiguation ... more details
wiktionary cropCrop may refer to Crop , a plant grown and harvested for agricultural use Crop anatomy , part of the alimentary tract of some animals Crop implement , a modified whip used in horseback riding or disciplining humans as punishment or in BDSM Crop factor , a multiplier factor in digital photography imaging, compared to 35mm film camera focal length, see APS C Crop hairstyle , a woman s short hairstyle CROP polling firm , a Canadian polling and market research company Cropping punishment , the removal of a person s ears as a punishment Cropping animal , cutting the ears of an animal shorter, usually trimming to shape the pinnae Cropping image , to give an image another aspect ratio, or to otherwise remove portions of an image Scrapbooking , also called cropping, the creation of cards and or scrap books in unique and creative ways as a hobby The acronym CROP may stand for Clube Recreativo Os Poseiros, a Portuguese recreational club Council of Regional Organisations in the Pacific Common Relevant Operational Picture See also Docking animal , sometimes called cropping, the removal of the tail of an animal disambig fr CROP it Crop ... more details
Crop mark may refer to in printing , marks placed at the corners of a form to indicate where the page is to be trimmed Cropmark s, in archaeology differential growth indicating buried sites Crop circle s disambig ... more details
Agriculture Cover crops are crop s planted primarily to manage fertility soil soil fertility , soil quality ... qualities of neighboring natural ecosystems. Farmers choose to grow and manage specific cover crop ... is often the most limiting nutrient in crop production. Often, green manure crops are grown for a specific ... provide the required quantity of nitrogen for crop production. In conventional farming, this nitrogen ... nitrogen fixation . Prior to the advent of the Haber Bosch process , an energy intensive method developed ... production due to its reliance on fossil fuel energy and the environmental impacts associated ... through biological nitrogen fixation, types of cover crops known as catch crop s are used to retain ... of the previous crop, preventing it from being lost through Leaching agriculture leaching ... efficiently from the soil Ditsch and Alley 1991 . The nitrogen tied up in catch crop biomass is released back into the soil once the catch crop is incorporated as a green manure or otherwise begins to decompose. An example of green manure use comes from Nigeria, where the cover crop Mucuna pruriens ... by increasing soil organic matter levels through the input of cover crop biomass over time. Increased .... Dense cover crop stands physically slow down the velocity of rainfall before it contacts ..., vast cover crop root networks help anchor the soil in place and increase soil porosity, creating ... Dabney et al. 2001 . Cover crop biomass acts as a physical barrier between rainfall and the soil surface ..., cover crop root growth results in the formation of soil pores, which in addition to enhancing soil ... a large amount of moisture. When the cover crop is incorporated into the soil, or left on the soil surface, it often increases soil moisture. In agroecosystems where water for crop production ..., particularly if climatic growing conditions are good. In these cases, just before crop planting, farmers often face a tradeoff between the benefits of increased cover crop growth and the drawbacks of reduced ... more details
orphan date August 2010 Crop oil or crop oil concentrates are petroleum based additives that are used as adjuvants to increase the efficacy of pesticide s in agriculture agricultural applications. ref cite web title Herbicides and additives Crop Oil publisher Auckland Regional Council url http www.arc.govt.nz environment biosecurity pest plants herbicides crop oil.cfm accessdate 10 June 2010 ref References reflist Category Pesticides agriculture stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 File Nurse crop, alfalfa under oats.jpg thumb Oats as nurse crop for alfalfa In agriculture , a nurse crop is an annual plant annual crop used to assist in establishment of a perennial plant perennial crop. The widest use of nurse crops is in the establishment of legume legumaceous plants such as alfalfa , clover , and Lotus genus trefoil . Occasionally nurse crops are used for establishment of perennial grasses. Nurse crops reduce the incidence of weeds, prevent erosion, and prevent excessive sunlight from reaching tender seedlings. Often the nurse crop can be harvested for grain, straw, hay, or pasture. Oat s are the most common nurse crop, though other annual grains are also used. See also Companion planting Multiple cropping DEFAULTSORT Nurse Crop Category Crops Category Article Feedback 5 Agri stub ... more details
Unreferenced date July 2008 Break crop is a term for the secondary crop within the practice of sustainable agriculture with intensive agronomy arable farming whereby as part of a crop rotation , a physiologically different crop is inserted into the main cropping plan in order to provide a break from the cycle of weed s, Pest organism pests and disease s encountered with the latter. The aim is to optimize yields of the primary crops and therefore income while reducing the use, and cost, of pesticides . Nitrogen fixing Nitrogen fixation can be another soil goal. An example rotation would be winter oilseed rape as a break crop, followed by two crops of winter wheat , then winter barley or setaside . Another common example is maize corn that is typically rotated with cotton plantations. Category Agricultural terminology Category Sustainable agriculture Category Organic gardening Category Biological pest control agri stub ... more details
In agriculture , a bumper crop refers to a particularly productive harvest yielded for a particular Crop agriculture crop . Example With all the rain we ve had over the last few months, we are expecting a bumper crop this year. The word bumper has a second definition ref name BumperDefinition cite web url http m w.com dictionary bumper publisher Merriam Webster Online Dictionary title Bumper ref meaning something unusually large, which is where this term comes from ref name BumperCropOrigin cite web url http www.word detective.com 112700.html publisher The Word Detective title Is it OK to pet the cow? date November 27, 2000 ref . References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Bumper Crop Category Crops Agri stub ... more details
Crop protection is the branch of horticulture concerned with protecting crop s from pest organism pest s, weed s, plant disease disease and theft . It encompasses Pesticide based approaches such as herbicide s, insecticide s and fungicide s Biological pest control approaches such as cover crop s, trap crop s and beetle bank s Barrier based approaches such as technical textiles Agrotech Agro textiles agrotextiles and bird netting Animal psychology based approaches such as bird scarer s Biotechnology based approaches such as plant breeding and genetic modification See also CAB International . CropLife International Vive Crop Protection horticulture stub Category Crops de Pflanzenschutz et Taimekaitse fr D fense des cultures nl Gewasbescherming pl Ochrona ro lin sv V xtskydd ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 In agriculture , a catch crop is a fast growing agriculture crop that is grown simultaneously with, or between successive plantings of a main crop. For example, radish es that mature from seed in 25 30 days can be grown between rows of most vegetable s, and harvest ed long before the main crop matures. Or, a catch crop can be planted between the spring harvest and autumn fall planting of some crops. Catch cropping is a type of succession planting . It makes more efficient use of growing space. Catch crops are also crops that are sown to prevent minerals being flushed away from the soil. By using catch crops, such as grain millet , ... one can keep certain minerals not attached to the humous clay connection such as carbon C and other positively charged elements in the soil for many years. References reflist DEFAULTSORT Catch Crop Category Crops Agri stub cs Meziplodiny de Zwischenfrucht pl Mi dzyplon ... more details
Multiple issues cleanup July 2009 expert July 2009 Crop weeds are weed s that grow amongst crops . Examples of crop weeds include chickweed , barnyard grass and dandelion . ref http web2.msue.msu.edu Bulletins Bulletin PDF Historical finished pubs e2322 E2322 1989.pdf ref The dandelion, while sometimes used as a food source, can also prove harmful to crops. Crop weeds can inhibit the growth of crops, contaminate harvested crops and often spread rapidly. They can also host crop pests such as aphid s, fungal rots and virus es. ref http www.ncwss.org proceed 2004 proc04 abstracts 132.pdf ref ref name Zimdahl2004 cite book author Robert L. Zimdahl title Weed crop competition a review url http books.google.com books?id rRESmnekX3wC accessdate 31 July 2010 date 12 March 2004 publisher Wiley Blackwell isbn 9780813802794 ref References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Crop Weed Category Agricultural pests Category Crops ... more details
Citations missing date March 2009 Crop insurance is purchased by agricultural producers, including farmer ... of agricultural commodities. The two general categories of crop insurance are called crop yield insurance and crop revenue insurance. Crop yield insurance There are two main classes of crop yield insurance Crop hail insurance is generally available from private insurers in countries with private ... tend not to overwhelm the capital reserves of private insurers. In early 1820s, crop hail insurance ... since the risk is isolated. Multi peril crop insurance MPCI Coverage in this type of insurance is not limited to just one risk. Usually multi peril crop insurance offers hail, excessive rain and drought ... are also offered. The problem with the multi peril crop insurance is the possibility of a large scale ... crop insurance MPCI policy. MPCI coverage is usually offered by a government insurer and premiums ... is known to implement the earliest Multi Peril Crop Insurance program in 1938. Federal Crop Insurance ... RMA is active in calculating the premiums based on individual risk factors since 1996. Crop revenue insurance Crop yield times the crop price gives the crop revenues. Based on farmer s revenues, crop ... market offers enables revenue protection even before the crop planted. There is a single guarantee ..., the program is called Crop Revenue Coverage . Crop revenue insurance covers the decline in price that occurs during the crop s growing season. It does not cover declines that may occur from one growing season to another. Specialty crops A farmer or grower may desire to grow a crop associated with a particular ... composition of the crop, certain management practices of the grower, or both. However, many standard crop insurance policies do not differentiate between commodity crops and crops associated with particular attributes. Accordingly, farmers have a need for crop insurance to cover the risk ... for providing crop insurance for a crop associated with a defined attribute ref Federal crop insurance ... more details
unreferenced date April 2008 human hair A crop is a short hairstyle worn with the hair cut very close to the head. It is frequently sported by both men and women , though the style is usually only named as a crop when sported by a woman . Men entering the armed forces in many countries have their hair cropped during Recruit Training . In the Western world, cropping the head of a prisoner was traditionally a symbol of their subjugation and a deterrent to escape. Fashion The crop first became fashionable in Europe and America during the 1920s, as many of the flapper s who had cut their hair short were trying these as well as the early Bob haircut bob s. The Eton crop , one of the shorter and more drastic cuts of its day, was the most popular. The crop sometimes known as the Pixie cut became fashionable again in the late 1970s and 1980s, with one of its most notable wearers being the actress Jacqueline Pearce in the British TV series Blake s 7 . The crop also was big in the mid 1990s, and Halle Berry appeared in the 2002 James Bond film Die Another Day wearing a crop. In modern Western culture, a woman can use cropping her hair as a symbol of leaving the past behind, of making a new start. Cutting process A crop involves layering and tapering of the hair so it will be closely cut to the head. The hair is typically pre cut to a short length, and then cut shorter from there using either scissors , a razor, or sometimes clippers, depending on what the person is looking for more of a choppy look, super short length, etc. A crop will usually require regular trims usually between 4 to 6 weeks to keep its shape. See also Buzz cut Crew cut High and tight Human hair footer DEFAULTSORT Crop Hairstyle Category Hairstyles de Bubikopf Frisur ru ... more details
Refimprove date July 2010 Crop destruction is the deliberate destruction of crops or agricultural products to render it useless for consumption or processing. It can be made by burning , mill grinding grinding , dumping into water, or application of chemicals. It should not be confused with crop residue burning , which burns useless parts of the crop. Related to crop destruction is alternate, low price use of agricultural products. A large portion of the Wine lake European Union wine surplus is conversion to industrial ethanol . There can be numerous reasons for crop destruction. In scorched earth strategy, crops and other useful materials are destroyed to prevent an enemy from gaining hold of them. In government regulated agriculture, farmers can be required to destroy crops that exceed their production quota . Crops can also be dumped in the street during a public protest this custom has been common in the European Union. Note that this term does not apply to the burning of crops which are or can be usefully harvested by this means, such as sugar cane. Crop destruction in culture The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck tells about destruction of oranges, potatoes, pig carcasses and other agricultural products during the Great Depression. See also Burning money References reflist agriculture stub Category Crops ... more details
Image Riding crop.jpeg thumb a 30 75cm riding crop, with dollar bill to show scale A crop , sometimes called a riding crop or hunting crop , is a short type of whip without a lash, used in horse riding , part of the family of tools known as horse whips . Types and uses A crop usually consists of a long shaft of fiberglass or cane or which is covered in leather , fabric, or similar material. The rod of a crop thickens at one end to form a handle, and terminates in a thin, flexible tress such as wound cord or a leather tongue. The thin end is intended to make contact with the horse. The handle may have a loop of leather to help secure the grip. The length of a crop is designed to allow enough leverage for it to be accelerated rapidly with a controlled flick of the wrist without causing the rider balancing problems. Thus, a true crop is relatively short. The term whip is a more common term that includes both riding crops as well as longer types of horse whips used for both riding and ground work. A whip is a little slower than a crop, mostly due to having slightly greater length and flexibility. Crops are designed to back up the natural aids leg, seat and voice of a rider. Image Whips.jpg thumb 300px The difference between a crop and a whip. The top implement is a dressage whip, the bottom is a hunt seat riding crop. Dressage whip is a true whip, longer than a crop, up to 43 inches, including lash or popper for horse training , allowing a rider to touch the mount s side while keeping both hands on the reins. Hunting whips are not for use on the horse, but have a hook at the end to use in opening and shutting gates without dismounting, as well as a long leather thong to keep the hounds from coming near the horse s legs, and possibly getting kicked. The riding crop is still widely seen as the traditional symbol of dominance in BDSM activities. See also Whip Quirt References references Unreferenced date July 2007 Category Horse tack Category Whips Category Article Feedback ... more details
For the irrigation method that produces circular fields of crops center pivot irrigation Image Crop circles Swirl.jpg thumb right 300px A convert 780 ft abbr on crop circle in the form of a double six sided triskelion composed of 409 circles. Milk Hill , England, 2001 A crop circle is a sizable pattern created by the flattening of a Crop agriculture crop such as wheat , barley , rye , maize , or rapeseed . Crop circles are also referred to as crop formations , because they are not always circular in shape. The first crop circles reports started appearing in the 1970s in South England, and spread ... ten thousand crop circles in the last third of the 20th century. Ninety percent of those ... http www.siue.edu GEOGRAPHY ONLINE Northcote06.pdf Spatial distribution of England s crop circles ... every year. History Despite some claims, modern crop circles are a recent invention from around ... 2Pl4T WZGJC3hAewrsWjDQ&id PG53jNVPMFQC&dq 22mowing devil 22 crop circles&q 22mowing devil 22 crop ... Robert Plot reported crop circles in his The Natural History of Stafford Shire , and said they could ... in http books.google.com books?id BGIdAQAAIAAJ A case of genuine crop circles dating from ... readers. blockquote ref Most historical accounts of crop circles are anecdotal, in some cases describing ... Crop circles . Skepticssa.org.au. Retrieved on 2012 01 01. ref ref http www.ufoevidence.org ... 01. ref Modern crop circles The first reports of crop circles appeared around the 1970s, ref name dutch ... crop circles in Hampshire and Wiltshire . After the 1991 Bower and Chorley s confession that were ..., approximately 10,000 crop circles have been reported internationally, from locations such as the former ... a correlation between crop circles, recent media coverage, and the absence of fencing and or anti trespassing legislation. ref cite news title Disease brings poor crop of circles publisher BBC News ... of crop circles can be enthusiastic, with locals taking advantage of the increase of tourism ... more details
Image H fthose.jpg thumb upright A model wearing a crop top A crop top also cropped top , belly shirt ... part cut off, showing off some of the abdomen. ref cite web title crop top definition Dictionary MSN Encarta BOT GENERATED TITLE url http encarta.msn.com dictionary 561503251 crop top.html ... web title What Is a Crop Top? url http www.wisegeek.com what is a crop top.htm publisher WiseGeek ..., Tanzgruppe.jpg thumb 200px left A 1976 photo of women in crop tops in Berlin . File Bianca Rinaldi ... Madonna entertainer Madonna caused a controversy when she gyrated in a mesh crop top in her video for the song Lucky Star song Lucky Star . Also during this decade, cutoff crop tops became a popular fashion ... to crop off sections of their workout wear, such as sleeves, collars, and the hem of the shirt to create a loose fitting top which was often worn over a body suit or tank top. Crop tops were also ... aerobics gear went out of fashion by the 1990s, the crop top reappeared in the form of the bustier ... or shirt. By the mid 1990s, the crop top took on the form of the baby doll shirt, a cropped, tight fitting t shirt which often featured graphic logos. Long sleeved crop tops and even crop top turtleneck ... Shania Twain . By the late 1990s, crop tops had become so mainstream that many schools began banning ... Aguilera popularized the crop top for teeny boppers in the 1990s, others were making a crop top ... All Saints and the Spice Girls wore crop tops on stage during their pregnancies, ushering in the trend ... mostly remained longer. ref name c Currently, the crop tops are back in fashion with celebrities like Lindsay Lohan etc., sporting it in public. ref cite web last Zephyr title Would You Wear a Crop Top? url http www.collegefashion.net would you wear would you wear a crop top publisher College Fashion accessdate 15 March 2012 ref and models sporting it in Advertising ad s. ref cite web title Crop tops are back in style url http stylebinge.ocregister.com 2010 01 07 crop tops are back 15115 publisher ... more details
There are two types of agriculture agricultural crop residues br Field residues are materials left in an agricultural field or orchard after the crop has been harvest ed. These residues include stalks and stubble plant stem stems , leaf leaves , and seed pods. Good management of field residues can increase efficiency of irrigation and control of erosion . br Process residues are those materials left after the processing of the crop into a usable resource. These residues include husk s, seeds, bagasse , and root s. They can be used as animal fodder and soil amendments soil amendment , fertilizers and in manufacturing . See also Conventional tillage References reflist External links http www.ctic.purdue.edu Core4 CT CRM Benefits.html Field residue management benefits Category Crops Agri stub ... more details
Use dmy dates date July 2011 Thoroughbred racehorse infobox horsename Vintage Crop image caption sire Rousillon grandsire Riverman dam Overplay damsire Bustino sex Gelding foaled 1987 country Ireland colour Chestnut coat Chestnut breeder B R & Mrs Firestone owner Michael Smurfit Dr. Michael Smurfit trainer Dermot Weld record 28 16 3 3 earnings 1,150,542 race Cesarewitch Handicap 1992 br Curragh Cup 1993, 1995 br Irish St. Leger 1993, 1994 br Melbourne Cup 1993 br Saval Beg Stakes 1994 br Ballycullen Stakes 1995 awards Cartier Racing Award Cartier Award for Top Stayer 1993 honours Statue Life size statue at Curragh Racecourse updated 23 June 2007 Vintage Crop foaled 1987 in Ireland was a popular Thoroughbred horse racing racehorse who competed in flat racing in Ireland, United Kingdom England , and Australia from 1992 to 1995. He won 16 races in Ireland and England, and one of his greatest achievements was winning over two miles and two furlongs in the 1992 Cesarewitch Handicap 3yrs at Newmarket Racecourse Newmarket , ridden by Walter Swinburn . For his performance in the 1993 racing season he earned the Cartier Racing Award Cartier Award for Top Stayer . Image Vintage Crop and Danoli in retirement.jpg thumbnail 300px left In retirement Vintage Crop and Danoli at the Irish National Stud Vintage Crop also won international fame in 1993 by becoming the first overseas trained horse ... cup crop crosses the australian frontier weld reaps reward for boldly going where none has ventured before 1501856.html Melbourne Cup Crop crosses the Australian frontier Weld reaps reward for boldly ... he was assigned high weights and finished seventh and third, respectively. Vintage Crop was trained ... horse Media Puzzle . Vintage Crop is currently retired at the Irish National Stud in Kildare and can ... References reflist http www.pedigreequery.com vintage crop Vintage Crop s pedigree and racing stats External links http www.youtube.com watch?v T5x89DYEK6M Video at YouTube of Vintage Crop s win ... more details
Models of transpiration, or combined evapotranspiration ET , from plants often combine an idealized or well calibrated reference crop response model with coefficients that account for differences in response observed for the crop of interest. The most basic crop coefficient, K sub c sub , is simply ratio of ET observed for the crop studied over that observed for the reference crop under the same conditions. math PET K c RET math Potential evapotranspiration PET , is the evaporation and transpiration that potentially could occur if a field of the crop had an ideal unlimited water supply. RET is the reference ET often denoted as ET sub o sub . Even in agricultural crops, where ideal conditions are approximated as much as is practical, plants are not always growing and therefore transpiring at their theoretical potential. Plants have growth stages and states of health induced by a variety of environmental conditions. RET usually represents the PET of the reference crops most active growth. K sub c sub , then becomes a function or series of values, specific to the crop of interest through its growing season. These can be quite elaborate in the case of certain corn varieties, but tend to use a trapezoidal or a leaf area index LAI curve for common crop or vegetation canopies. Stress coefficients, K sub s sub , account for diminished ET due to specific stress factors. These are often assumed to combine by multiplication. math ET estimate K w K s 1 K s 2 K c ET o math Water stress is the most ubiquitous stress factor, often denoted as K sub w sub . Stress coefficients tend to be functions ranging between 0 and 1. The simplest are linear, but thresholds are appropriate for some toxicity responses. Crop coefficients can exceed 1 when the crop evapotranspiration exceeds that of RET. References cite book last Allen first R.G. coauthors Pereira, L.S. Raes, D. Smith, M. title Crop Evapotranspiration Guidelines for Computing Crop Water Requirements url http www.fao.org docrep X049 ... more details
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