Wiktionary Refimprove date November 2010 English Feudalism Under the European Feudalism feudal system , enfeoffment was the deed by which a person was given land in exchange for a pledge of service. This mechanism was later used to avoid restrictions on the passage of title in land by a system in which a landowner would give land to one person for the use of another. The common law of estates in land grew from this concept. In China and some other South East Asian countries, from the time of the Zhou Dynasty 1046&ndash 256 BCE relatives and descendants of the ruling family were granted enfeoffments ref Cite web url http www.english.cciv.cityu.edu.hk China 5000 ?chapter dicts Spring and Autumn Period title The Zhou Dynasty publisher China Civilisation Centre, City University of Hong Kong accessdate November 11, 2010 ref in return for pledging to protect the King or Emperor in times of war. References Reflist See also Fiefdom Category Property law Category Feudalism Law term stub ca Infeudaci ... more details
Property law Feoffment , or Enfeoffment in English law was a transfer of land or property that gave the new holder the right to sell it as well as the right to pass it on to his heirs as an inheritance. It was total relinquishment and transfer of all rights of ownership of an estate in land from one individual to another. ref http law.jrank.org pages 6844 Feoffment.html ref In feudal England a feoffment could only be made of a fee feudal tenure fee or fief , which is an estate in land , that is to say an ownership of rights over land, rather than ownership of the land itself, the only true owner of which was the monarch under his allodial title . Enfeoffment could be made of fees of various Feudal land tenure feudal tenure s, such as Entail fee tail or fee simple . ref http www.1911encyclopedia.org Feoffment ref The conveyance or delivery of possession, known as livery of seisin was effected generally on the site of the land in a symbolic ceremony of transfer from the feoffor to the feoffee in the presence of witnesses. Written conveyances were customary and mandatory after 1677. ref http www.britannica.com EBchecked topic 204343 feoffment http www.britannica.com ref The feoffee was thenceforward said to hold his property of or from the feoffor, in return for a specified service depending on the exact form of feudal land tenure involved in the feoffment. Thus for every holding of land during the Feudalism in England feudal era there existed an historical unbroken chain of feoffees, in the form of overlord s, ultimately springing from feoffments made by William the Conqueror himself in 1066 as the highest overlord of all. This pattern of land holding was the natural product of William the Conqueror claiming an allodial title to all the land of England following the Norman Conquest of 1066 and parcelling it out as large fee feudal tenure fee s in the form of English feudal ... Land Registry has obviated the need for recitals of descent. See also Fief Enfeoffment Feoffee ... more details
K then Wolfgang of Anhalt, renewed the enfeoffment of Stolberg and Heinrichsberg Castle together with its ... of Dankerode and other rights. In the said letter of enfeoffment, the Stolberg claim to several ... more details
The B rlochsm hle is a former mill near Stra berg Harz Stra berg in the Harz mountains in Central Germany geography Central Germany . The mill is located near the point where the Glasebach stream enters the river Selke and is linked to an iron works that was first mentioned in the records in 1467. At that time the two counts, Henry of Schwarzburg and Henry of Stolberg enfeoffed a meadow bene den Strasberg nie unser Hutten to the brothers R der and von Harz, amongst others. After Stra berg was ceded to the state of Anhalt this enfeoffment was reaffirmed in 1511 by Wolfgang, Prince of Anhalt K then Prince Wolfgang of Anhalt . This iron works existed until at least 1566. Furthermore it is probably that this mill was associated closely with the village of Birnbaumteich Birnbaum that was abandoned in the 15th century. Source Literatur Autor Eckhard Oelke, Elmar Hebestedt Titel Alte H tten an der Selke Sammelwerk Der Anschnitt Band 59 Nummer 6 Jahr 2007 Seiten 193 194 Coord 51 37 07 N 11 03 27 E type landmark region DE ST display title SaxonyAnhalt geo stub DEFAULTSORT Barlochsmuhle Category Watermills in Germany Category Mining in the Harz Category Harz district de B rlochsm hle ... more details
Sir Donald Campbell, 1st Baronet , of Ardnamurchan and Airds Bay Airds died 1651 was a Scotland Scottish nobleman. He was born illegitimately, the son of Sir John Campbell, of Calder . He held the office of Dean Christianity Dean of Lismore, Scotland Lismore and was created 1st Baronet Campbell, of Ardnamurchan, County Argyll in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia on 15 January 1628, with special remainder to his half brother, George Campbell, of Airds Bay, who inherited the Estate land estate s of Airds Bay in 1651. On 28 August 1643 he obtained a new enfeoffment of Airds and his other estates. He married, firstly, Lady Jane Campbell, daughter of Colin Campbell, 6th Earl of Argyll and Agnes Keith, Countess of Moray Lady Anne Keith , and secondly her sister Lady Anne Campbell, daughter of Colin Campbell, 6th Earl of Argyll and Lady Anne Keith, and died in 1651 without surviving male isse. On his death, his baronetcy became extinct, although it was claimed in 1804 by Sir John Campbell, of Airds a descendant of his half brother George . Sources George Edward Cokayne, editor, The Complete Baronetage, 5 volumes no date c. 1900 reprint, Gloucester, U.K. Alan Sutton Publishing, 1983 , volume II, pages 341 and 2513. DEFAULTSORT Campbell, Donald Category Year of birth unknown Category 1651 deaths Category Baronets in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia ... more details
File Gladbeck Schloss Wittringen01.jpg thumb 300px Wittringen Castle Wittringen Castle or Wittringen House German Schloss Wittringen or Haus Wittringen is a moated castle in Gladbeck , North Rhine Westphalia , Germany . History File Schloss Wittringen01.jpg thumb left 200px The manor house of Wittringen The noble family von Wittringen was first mentioned in an official document from 1263. Knight Ludolfus de Witteringe is today believed to have erected the castle around that time. The exact date is, however, unclear. Another document from 1394 mentions Heinrich von Brachtbecke, a distant ancestor of Nestl manager Peter Brabeck Letmathe , as the castle s owner. The three Wolfsangel Wolfsangeln from of Brabeck s family crest were later also included in the crest of the city of Gladbeck. In 1438, the Herzog title Herzog of Cleves granted the von Oeffte family enfeoffment of 50 percent of Wittringen. The family later acquired the other half and was thus the castle s sole possessor for the next 150 years. In the mid sixteenth century, Wittringen was given to the family of the Knights von Capellen as a betrothal gift. During the Thirty Years War , it was plundered by Hesse Hessian troops in 1642. In 1922, Freiherr Vittinghoff Schell, then the owner of Wittringen, sold the castle to the city of Gladbeck. In the following years, it was extensively overhauled, using historic maps and plans. The manor house was re modelled in its original style of the Renaissance in the Low Countries Dutch Renaissance . Since 1928, Wittringen has been home to the museum of Gladbeck Museum der Stadt Gladbeck and today it also hosts a restaurant. The castle is surrounded by spacious forests, parks and the Stadion Gladbeck Gladbeck Stadium . External links http www.museum gladbeck.de Museum der Stadt Gladbeck official site http www.wasserschloss wittringen.de rundgang.htm Restaurant s website with more photos of Wittringen coord 51 33 34.74 N 06 58 52.50 E region DE NW type landmark display titl ... more details
Infobox Chinese emperor image name Xiong Li ances name M clan name Xi ng given name L courtesy name title1 Ruler of Chu reign1 11th century BC notes Chinese name Xiong surname Xiong Xiong Li zh c , reigned 11th century BC was an early ruler of the state of Chu state Chu during the early Zhou Dynasty of ancient China. He succeeded his father Yuxiong , who was the teacher of King Wen of Zhou , the first king of Zhou. ref name shiji cite web url http www.guoxue.com shibu 24shi shiji sj 040.htm title House of Chu work Records of the Grand Historian author Sima Qian language Chinese accessdate 1 March 2012 ref Xiong Li s ancestral surname was Mi surname Mi linktext , but he adopted the second character of his father s name Xiong surname Xiong , literally bear as the royal Chinese clan name clan name of Chu, which is now the List of common Chinese surnames 72nd most common surname in China. Xiong Li was succeeded by his son, Xiong Kuang , and his grandson Xiong Yi would later be Enfeoffment enfeoffed by King Cheng of Zhou and granted the hereditary noble rank of viscount . ref name shiji References reflist s start s hou Chu state House of Mi name Xiong Li s reg s bef before Yuxiong s ttl title Ruler of Chu state Chu years 11th century BC s aft after Xiong Kuang end Monarchs of Chu state China royal stub Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Xiong Li ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION ruler of the state of Chu DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Xiong, Li Category Monarchs of Chu state Category 11th century BC rulers Category Year of birth unknown Category Year of death unknown zh ... more details
Infobox Chinese emperor image name Xiong Kuang ances name M clan name Xi ng given name Ku ng courtesy name title1 Ruler of Chu reign1 11th century BC notes Chinese name Xiong surname Xiong Xiong Kuang zh c , reigned 11th century BC was an early ruler of the state of Chu state Chu during the early Zhou Dynasty 1046 256 BC of ancient China. He succeeded his father Xiong Li , and was succeeded by his son Xiong Yi , who would later be Enfeoffment enfeoffed by King Cheng of Zhou and granted the hereditary noble rank of viscount . ref name shiji cite web url http www.guoxue.com shibu 24shi shiji sj 040.htm title House of Chu work Records of the Grand Historian author Sima Qian language Chinese accessdate 1 March 2012 ref References reflist s start s hou Chu state House of Mi name Xiong Kuang s reg s bef before Xiong Li s ttl title Ruler of Chu state Chu years 11th century BC s aft after Xiong Yi as Viscount of Chu end Monarchs of Chu state China royal stub Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Xiong Kuang ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION ruler of the state of Chu DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Xiong, Kuang Category Monarchs of Chu state Category 11th century BC rulers Category Year of birth unknown Category Year of death unknown zh ... more details
, but could be re created as a fee by enfeoffment to another of the king s followers. Where the deceased ... to the over lord who had granted it to the deceased by enfeoffment. From the time of Henry ... , such heir was entitled to demand enfeoffment re enfeoffment by the king with the fief fee ... more details
Image Marduk apla iddina II.jpg thumb 240px Merodach Baladan, King of Babylon, Enfeoffment Enfeoffs A Vassal, from the original in the Altes Museum , Berlin Marduk apla iddina II the biblical Merodach Baladan , also called Marduk Baladan , Baladan and Berodach Baladan , lit. Marduk has given me an Heir . reigned 722 BC &ndash 710 BC, 703 BC &ndash 702 BC was a Chaldea n prince who usurper usurped the Babylonia n throne in 721 BC. Marduk apla iddina II was also known as one of the kings who maintained Babylonian independence in the face of Assyria n military supremacy for more than a decade. Sargon II Sargon of Assyria repressed the allies of Marduk apla iddina II in Elam , Aram Biblical region Aram and Kingdom of Israel Samaria Israel and eventually drove ca. 710 BC him from Babylon. After the death of Sargon II Sargon , Marduk apla iddina II briefly recaptured the throne from a native Babylonian nobleman. He reigned nine months 703 BC &ndash 702 BC . He returned from Elam and ignited rebellion in Babylonia . He was able to enter Babylon and be declared king again. Nine months later he was defeated near Kish Sumer Kish by the Assyrians, but managed to flee to Elam. He died in exile a couple of years later. See also Kings of Babylon References Erich Ebeling ed. , Bruno Meissner ed. , Ernst Weidner ed. , Dietz Otto Edzard ed. Reallexikon der Assyriologie und vorderasiatischen Arch ologie Band 7 . Walter de Gruyter 1990, ISBN 3110104377, p. 375 Google Buch BuchID UqbsSRgBRloC Seite 375 Linktext online copy KeinText ja s start succession box title Kings of Babylon King of Babylon before Shalmaneser V Shalmaneser V Ululayu after Sargon II years 722&ndash 710 BC succession box title Kings of Babylon King of Babylon before Marduk zakir shumi II after Bel ibni years 703&ndash 702 BC s end Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Marduk Apal Iddina Ii ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Marduk Apal ... more details
unreferenced date February 2011 Shan zh s t p sh n is another rare Chinese language Chinese surname of the same Clarify September 2010 date September 2010 pronunciation but has a different character. The origin of this surname is not clear. One explanation is that it came from Shan County, Shandong Shan County , in Shandong province. Another possible origin involves Zhou Chengwang s youngest son s acquisition of the name when he was given what would become the Shan Kingdom , when the enfeoffment system was enacted during the Zhou Dynasty. The Shan Kingdom existed for a few hundred years before it was annexed by a stronger neighboring Kingdom. It was located in present day Jiyuan, Henan Province. Although the surname comes from the place name, the Shan family was a branch of the royal family of the Zhou Dynasty. Its ancient origin determines its rareness and not many people have the Shan surname. According to one unverifiable estimate, about 150,000 people are of the surname. Most of people of the Shan surname live in Shandong, Henan and Hebei . However, some people bearing the Shan surname can be found in Taiwan and overseas Chinese communities throughout the world. A famous bishop in Taiwan Paul Kuo hsi Shan is of the Shan family. Patrick Fuliang Shan , who is a history professor at Grand Valley State University and served as the President of the Chinese Historians in the United States CHUS , also comes from the Shan family. The legendary hero, Shan Xiongxin , , is often used to refer to the surname. However, there have been many other well known personages of the Shan family throughout Chinese history. The twenty four histories, provincial annals and county registers contain many interesting stories of people of the Shan surname. Some ethnic peoples adopted Shan as their surname but its pronunciation is mostly Chan. Some Manchu and Hui choose Shan as their family name, but their population is tiny. Majority of the Shan are of Han nat ... more details
Unreferenced date February 2007 The Lords of Eppstein Lang de Herren von Eppstein were a family of German nobility in the Middle Ages. From the 12th century they ruled extensive territories in the Rhine Main area from their castle in Eppstein , northwest of Frankfurt, Germany. History Image COA family de von Eppstein.svg thumb upright 0.7 The coat of arms of the Lords of Eppstein Between 1180 and 1190, the Archbishop of Mainz Fiefdom enfeoffed Eppstein Castle, along with neighboring district courts and villages to Gerhard III of Hainhausen . Gerhard changed his name to Eppstein and already having control of the present day Offenbach district district of Offenbach , became the first in the line which was soon to become one of the most influential families in the Rhine Main area. Image Burg Eppstein.jpg thumb left 300px The castle of the Eppsteins by Matth us Merian in 1646 Four of the seven Archbishopric of Mainz Archbishops of Mainz and Electoral Princes in the 13th century were of the house of Eppstein. They raised the Electorate to considerable power and played a significant role in the politics of the Holy Roman Empire . In the struggle between the Emperor and the Pope, Archbishop Siegfried III took sides with the anti Staufer group which played an important part in the beginnings of German federalism. The secular Eppsteiners, by purchase, marriage and enfeoffment, acquired extensive territories and rights between Middle Rhine to the Vogelsberg Mountains Vogelsberg hills and between the Lahn River to the Odenwald . The realm of the Lords of Eppstein was divided in 1433 between brothers Gottfried VII Eppstein M nzenberg and Eberhard II Eppstein K nigstein . The last of these branches became extinct in 1535 and Eppstein was passed mostly to the Rulers of Hesse Landgraves of Hesse and the Archbishopric of Mainz Ecclesiastical Principality of Mainz . See also Bad Homburg vor der H he Further Reading Walter Pietsch Die Entwicklung des Territoriums der Herren von Eppst ... more details
lead too short date November 2008 Infobox building name St. Nicholas Cathedral native name Katedra w. Miko aja w Elbl gu former names St. Nicholas Church alternate names image Elbl g, Stary Rynek, pohled na katedr lu svat ho Mikul e.JPG caption map type altitude building type architectural style structural system cost ren cost location Elbl g , Poland address client owner Roman Catholic Diocese of Elbl g current tenants landlord coordinates start date c. 1247 completion date inauguration date renovation date 1777, 1945 height diameter other dimensions floor count floor area main contractor architect architecture firm structural engineer services engineer civil engineer other designers quantity surveyor awards ren architect ren firm ren str engineer ren serv engineer ren civ engineer ren oth designers ren qty surveyor ren awards references St. Nicholas Cathedral is a 13th century Gothic church in Elbl g , Poland . History When the burghers of Elbing Elbl g first attempted to adopt the Protestant Reformation in 1525, the provost of St. Nicholas Church maintained Catholic practice. Since 1539 the city council tacitly tolerated and gradually openly promoted Lutheranism , so that St. Nicholas Church had become a Lutheran church by 1573. Following King Sigismund III Vasa Sigismund III s Prussian regency contract 1605 with Joachim Frederick, Elector of Brandenburg Joachim Frederick of Brandenburg and his Prussian enfeoffment contract Treaty of Warsaw , 1611 with John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg John Sigismund of Brandenburg these two rulers of Ducal Prussia guaranteed free practice of Catholic religion in prevailingly Lutheran Prussia. Based on these contracts Prince Bishop Szymon Rudnicki bishop Szymon Rudnicki of Bishop of Ermland Ermland Warmia achieved the restitution of St. Nicholas as Roman Catholic parish church in 1612, then the only one in Elbing, and remaining a Catholic church since. St. Nicholas was damaged by fire in the late 18 sup th sup century, the ... more details
Infobox Chinese emperor image name Xiong Ai ances name M clan name Xi ng given name i courtesy name title1 Viscount of Chu reign1 circa 977 BC notes Chinese name Xiong surname Xiong Xiong Ai zh c , reigned circa 977 BC was the second viscount of the state of Chu state Chu during the early Zhou Dynasty of ancient China. He succeeded his father Xiong Yi , who was Enfeoffment enfeoffed by King Cheng of Zhou and granted the hereditary noble rank of viscount . ref name shiji cite web url http www.guoxue.com shibu 24shi shiji sj 040.htm title House of Chu work Records of the Grand Historian author Sima Qian language Chinese accessdate 1 March 2012 ref Ancient Chinese texts recorded that King Zhao of Zhou , the grandson of King Cheng of Zhou, led an expedition against Chu, but Zhou was defeated and King Zhao himself drowned in the Han River Yangtze River tributary Han River in 977 BC. It is generally believed that Xiong Ai was the monarch of Chu at the time. ref name jianbo cite web url http www.jianbo.org admin3 2011 ziju001.htm title trans title Analysis of the Tsinghua Bamboo Slips language Chinese author Ziju publisher jianbo.org accessdate 1 March 2012 ref Xiong Ai was succeeded by his son, Xiong Dan . ref name shiji References reflist s start s hou Chu state House of Mi name Xiong Ai s reg s bef before Xiong Yi s ttl title Viscount of Chu state Chu years circa 977 BC s aft after Xiong Dan end Monarchs of Chu state Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Xiong Ai ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION monarch of the state of Chu DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Xiong, Ai Category Monarchs of Chu state Category 10th century BC rulers Category Year of birth unknown Category Year of death unknown zh ... more details
Infobox Chinese emperor image name Xiong Dan ances name M clan name Xi ng given name D n courtesy name title1 Viscount of Chu reign1 circa 941 BC notes Chinese name Xiong surname Xiong Xiong Dan zh c , reigned circa 941 BC was the third viscount of the state of Chu state Chu during the early Zhou Dynasty of ancient China. His grandfather Xiong Yi was Enfeoffment enfeoffed by King Cheng of Zhou and granted the hereditary noble rank of viscount . Xiong Dan succeeded his father Xiong Ai . ref name shiji cite web url http www.guoxue.com shibu 24shi shiji sj 040.htm title House of Chu work Records of the Grand Historian author Sima Qian language Chinese accessdate 1 March 2012 ref According to the Bamboo Annals , after the death of King Zhao of Zhou during his expedition against Chu, his son King Mu of Zhou again attacked Chu in the 37th year of his reign 941 BC and was again defeated. It is generally believed that this happened during Xiong Dan s reign. ref name jianbo cite web url http www.jianbo.org admin3 2011 ziju001.htm title trans title Analysis of the Tsinghua Bamboo Slips language Chinese author Ziju publisher jianbo.org accessdate 1 March 2012 ref Xiong Dan was succeeded by his son, Xiong Sheng . His younger son Xiong Yang also ascended the throne after Xiong Sheng s death. ref name shiji References reflist s start s hou Chu state House of Mi name Xiong Dan s reg s bef before Xiong Ai s ttl title Viscount of Chu state Chu years circa 941 BC s aft after Xiong Sheng end Monarchs of Chu state Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Xiong Dan ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION monarch of the state of Chu DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Xiong, Dan Category Monarchs of Chu state Category 10th century BC rulers Category Year of birth unknown Category Year of death unknown zh ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Von Thadden is a Germans German German nobility Uradel family with its roots in Eastern Pomerania Pomerelia . History A miles knight Geroslaus Jarislav Taditz son of Thaddeus was first mentioned in a 1334 register of the State of the Teutonic Order in the lands of the former Samborides Samboride dukes of Pomerelia at Gda sk Danzig . The family s ancestral seat was Tadzino Tadden present day Tadzino in the Polish Pomeranian Voivodeship . The dynasty s territory was part of Lauenburg and B tow Land , which after the Order s defeat and the Second Peace of Thorn 1466 Second Peace of Thorn in 1466 was held by the Imperial Duchy of Pomerania Dukes of Pomerania as a History of Poland during the Jagiellon dynasty Polish fief. Early on, the family split into two branches with different arms The Nieznachowo Nesnachow Branch First mentioned in the course of the 1493 enfeoffment of one Matthies with the lordship of Nesnachow present day Nieznachowo north of L bork Lauenburg L bork by Duke Bogislaw X, Duke of Pomerania Bogislaw X of Pomerania . The seats of the second branch were Tadden Enzow and Rybienko Rybienke in the east of Lauenburg, but also in the adjacent Pomerelian lands of Puck, Poland Puck a first reference in 1469 mentions Peter Tadde, Lord of Rzucewo Rutzau Rzucewo , other members called themselves Lords of Po chowo, Pomeranian Voivodeship Polchau Po chowo and K anino, Pomeranian Voivodeship Klanin K anino . In 1527 the Ribienke branch also received the fiefs of Dzi cielec Dzinzelitz Dzi cielec , B sewice Bonswitz B sewice and Redystowo Reddestow Redystowo from the hands of the Pomeranian dukes. When upon the extinction of the ducal House of Griffins the Lauenburg and B tow fief had passed to Brandenburg Prussia according to the 1657 Treaty of Bromberg , several members of the family became Kingdom of Prussia Prussian officials and commanders in the Prussian Army . Notable members Important or well known members of this family include Adol ... more details
A list of the abbot s of the abbey of Peterborough Cathedral Peterborough , known until the late 10th century as Medeshamstede . Abbots class wikitable width 100 Name width 50 Dates Works Notes Sexwulf c. 654&ndash br c. 676 Founder. Bishop of Lichfield Bishop of Mercia c. 676 ?x692. Cuthbald c. 676 Egbald before 716 Pusa Botwine ?x765&ndash br 779x? Beonna ?x789&ndash br 805x? Ceolred Hedda 870 Ealdwulf archbishop of York Ealdwulf 972 992 Archbishop of York , 995 1002. Cenwulf of Winchester Cenwulf 992 1006 Built wall around the abbey. Bishop of Winchester , 1006. lfsige 1006 1042 Accompanied thelred the Unready and Emma of Normandy Emma to Normandy in 1013. Earnwig 1042 1052 A very good man and very sincere , he resigned although still in good health . Leofric 1057 1066 Endowed the monastery so that it became known as Golden Borough . Brand 1066 1069 Thorold Torold de F camp 1069 1098 Viewed the abbey as a source of personal wealth for himself and his associates with his enfeoffment s accounting for 46 of the abbey s property. Godric 4 days in 1099 Matthias 1103 1104 Ernulf 1107 1114 Began a building campaign. Bishop of Rochester , 1115. He was influential in restoring the abbey s finances. John de S ez 1114 1125 Continued the building work and, though in 1116 a great fire caused considerable damage, rebuilding began in 1117. Abbey held by King Henry I 1125 1127 Henry de Angeli 1128 1133 Did nothing towards the rebuilding. He wasted the goods of the abbey and was banished. Martin de Bec 1133 1155 Continued construction works. Formerly a monk of Bec Abbey Bec and prior of St Neots . William of Waterville 1155 1175 Deposed Benedict of Peterborough Benedict 1177 1194 Chronicler. Andrew 1194 1199 West front. Acharius 1200 1210 West front. Robert of Lindsey 1214 1222 Alexander of Holderness 1222 1226 Martin of Ramsey Abbey Ramsey 1226 1233 Walter of Bury St. Edmunds 1233 1245 Abbot at the time of the building s final completion through the solemn dedication of the ch ... more details
Unreferenced date August 2007 Infobox Korean name hangul or hanja or rr Yeong yang wang or Pyeong yang wang mr Y ng yang wang or P y ng yang wang hangulborn or hanjaborn or rrborn Won or Daewon mrborn W n or Taew n Goguryeo monarchs King Yeong yang of Goguryeo died 618 r. 590 618 was the 26th king of Goguryeo , the northernmost of the Three Kingdoms of Korea . He was the eldest son of King Pyeongwon of Goguryeo Pyeongwon r. 559 590 . Reign He is noted for repelling a series of invasions by the Chinese Sui Dynasty between 598 to 614, known as the Goguryeo Sui Wars . He fended off four Sui campaigns by Emperors Wendi and Yangdi , including the great assault of 612, during which more than a million troops invaded Goguryeo territory. The Samguk Sagi relates that Yeong yang was of unsurpassed charisma and had a magnanimous character, and made it his undertaking to relieve the sufferings of the world and bring peace to the people Samguk Sagi , Annals of Goguryeo , vol. 19 . He was named Crown Prince by his father in 566, and he assumed the throne when the king died in 590. King Yeong yang s reign took place in the context of heightened rivalry among the Korean Three Kingdoms of Korea Three Kingdoms of Goguryeo, Baekje , and Silla , as well as the unification of China by the Sui Dynasty Sui and the growing ambitions of that power. Initially Yeong yang enjoyed cordial relations with Sui, receiving from the Sui emperor Emperor Wen of Sui Wendi his enfeoffment as king of Goguryeo and attendant offices and ranks by tradition granted by Chinese dynasties to tribute monarchs. At the same time, Yeong yang strengthened relations with the Khitan people Khitan and Mohe people Mohe tribes to the north, in the preparations for war against China begun by his father. In 598 however the Sui emperor Wendi grew incensed by a Goguryeo armed incursion into the Liaodong peninsula, a region claimed by Sui. It was largely this affront, combined with Sui s own geopoliti ... more details
NOTOC File Alberweiler Castle 01.JPG thumb right Alberweiler Castle Alberweiler Castle is a small castle like structure in the village of Alberweiler, now part of the municipality of Schemmerhofen in the state of Baden W rttemberg , Germany . It is situated on a hillside in the centre of the village. The ground and the first floor of the castle are made of stone whereas the upper storeys consist of three projecting Timber framing half timbered floors. History A castle is first mentioned in sources dating from the 11th century. ref Cite web last first authorlink coauthors title Der Ortsteil Alberweiler work publisher Municipality of Schemmerhofen language German date url http www.schemmerhofen.de servlet PB menu 1069332 l1 index.html doi accessdate 2010 01 10 de icon ref It was occupied by Ministerialis knight s in the service of the Graf Counts of Berg Wartstein. This early structure was destroyed in 1487 but soon after, towards the end of the 15th century, a new castle was erected at the behest of Bartholome of Warthausen. ref O. Beck, Kunst und Geschichte im Landkreis Biberach , p. 41 ref Some remains of the circular rampart are still visible. Following the extinction of the house of Warthausen zu Alberweiler in 1585, the castle was Enfeoffment enfeoffed to the Counts of Stadion state Stadion by Holy Roman Emperor Emperor Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II . ref W. Wittig, Landadel Schl sser in Baden W rtemberg , p. 448 ref The castle was renovated in early Baroque style in the 17th century. The Portal architecture gate was also constructed during these Building restoration restoration works. ref O. Beck, Kunst und Geschichte im Landkreis Biberach , p. 42 ref At around 1700, the castle functioned as residence for the local Vogt reeve , the Counts of Stadion residing at Warthausen Warthausen Castle , and subsequently went into private ownership during the course of the 18th century. In 1826, the Counts of Stadion sold all rights to the village and the castle t ... more details
Use dmy dates date April 2012 John Maxwell, 4th Lord Maxwell died 9 September 1513 was a Scottish nobleman and head of the Anglo Scottish border Border family or clan of Clan Maxwell Maxwell . Origins Maxwell was the eldest son and heir of John Maxwell, 3rd Lord Maxwell died 1484 and Janet, the daughter of George Crichton, 1st Earl of Caithness . ref name Peerage Sir James Balfour Paul, The Scots Peerage , volume VI David Douglas, Edinburgh, 1909 , at pages 477 479 ref The Maxwells were an ancient family from the Scottish Borders, whose chief seat was at Caerlaverock Castle near Dumfries. Career Maxwell was Enfeoffment infefted in his grandfather s lands at Carnsalloch on 8 May 1485 and was served heir to his father in the lands of Maxwell on 29 April 1486. In 1486 he was also appointed Lord Warden of the Marches Warden of the Scottish Marches West Marches . In October 1488 he attended the first Parliament of Scotland Parliament of James IV of Scotland James IV . ref name Peerage The most notorious incident of Maxwell s career was his violent assault on 30 July 1508 on Robert Crichton, 2nd Lord Crichton of Sanquhar outside the court house in Dumfries , where Crichton was holding assizes. The Maxwells and Crichtons had long competed for influence in Nithsdale and, accompanied by William Douglas, 6th Baron Drumlanrig William Douglas of Drumlanrig , Maxwell led a considerable force into the town from the south. John Lesley Bishop Lesley provided the following summary of subsequent events Lord Creychton was chaissit with his company frae Drumfries, and the Laird of Dalzell House Dalyell and the young laird of Cranchlay slain, with divers uthers, quhairof thair appeared greit deidly Feud feid and bludshed. It appears that Maxwell went largely unpunished for his part in this episode. ref William McDowall, History of the Burgh of Dumfries Adam and Charles Black, Edinburgh, 1867 , at page 189 ref Maxwell was one of the many Scottish nobles killed in the Battle of Flodden Fi ... more details
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