An entitlement is a guarantee of access to welfare benefits based on established rights or by legislation . A right is itself an entitlement associated with a moral or social principle , such that an entitlement is a provision made in accordance with law legal framework of a society. Typically, entitlements are laws based on concepts of principle rights which are themselves based in concepts of social equality or enfranchisement . In a casual sense, the term entitlement refers to a notion or belief that one or oneself is deserving of some particular reward or benefit ref http writ.news.findlaw.com hamilton 20030828.html ref &mdash if given without deeper legal or principled cause, the term is often given with pejorative connotation e.g. a sense of entitlement . Entitlement may also refer to the idea of an culture of entitlemententitlement society , in which everyone receives the same or similar rewards, regardless of education, effort, and willingness to take risk ref http open.salon.com blog ser1897 2011 12 28 how mitt romney defines risk and entitlement ref . Narcissism In clinical psychology and psychiatry, an unrealistic, exaggerated , or rigidly held sense of entitlement may be considered a symptom of narcissistic personality disorder , seen in those who because of early frustrations...arrogate to themselves the right to demand lifelong reimbursement from fate. ref Otto Fenichel, The Psychoanalytic Theory of Neurosis London 1946 p. 499 ref Land development In land development, the entitlement process is the legal method of obtaining approvals for the right to develop property for a desired use e.g. rezoning . cn date November 2011 References reflist External links http www.outofthefog.net CommonBehaviors Entitlement.html Sense of Entitlement wiktionarypar entitlement Narcissism Category Narcissism Category Development studies bg ca Dret subjectiu de Subjektives Recht en entitlement es Derecho subjetivo fa fi Subjektiivinen oikeus fr Droit ... more details
Culture of entitlement is a concept meant to encapsulate the social or economic beliefs that a government, usually through entitlement programs , should provide access to goods or services such as employment opportunities or health care at no additional cost or at discount to its tax payers. Though the goods or services desired may differ from group to group, the society under this belief will generally feel entitled to a private industry that they might not normally have access to or have limited access to , through economic disadvantages or otherwise. quote text In an entitlement society, everyone receives the same or similar rewards, regardless of education, effort, and willingness to take risk. That which is earned by some is redistributed to the others. And the only people who truly enjoy any real rewards are those who do the redistributing the government. The truth is that everyone may get the same rewards, but virtually everyone will be worse off. sign Mitt Romney source http open.salon.com blog ser1897 2011 12 28 how mitt romney defines risk and entitlement Link As an expression it is often used to criticize perceived abuses or expansion of entitlement programs as a result of the general expectation of government intervention in attempts to protect access to certain services. Critics of a culture of entitlement often believe that the free market in general, or the rewards ... an entitlement philosophy for causing the great reccession quote text A society built on entitlement ... a few months ago, it all screams the self centered entitlement mantra.. sign Andr Schutten source http arpacanada.ca index.php issuesresearch laboureconomics 1339 a society of entitlement Link In the pejorative ... which are insurance programs paid for by the users but to the entitlement of those who are the least ... Market Forces See also Criticisms of welfare Entitlement Theory Narcissism Social welfare provision ... Changing a Culture of Entitlement into a Culture of Merit By Dave Anderson Category Conservatism ... more details
Infobox film name A Sense of Entitlement image image size caption director Mark L. Feinsod producer Scott J. Kemper writer Mark L. Feinsod narrator starring Nicole Severine br Rike Scholle music cinematography Ola Bratt s editing Ray Burris distributor released runtime country United States USA language English language English budget gross A Sense Of Entitlement is a short film by Mark L. Feinsod , a New York City based American director. Plot The movie tells the story of two sisters, Caroline and Jessica, after their father calls Jessica and informs her that he will no longer finance their expensive New York lifestyle. Each sister reacts in different ways Jessica must figure out how to continue her art studies and whether to move to France with her boyfriend Albert, while Caroline prostitutes herself to two investment bankers. When the girls father, Mr. Blaine, arrives in town accompanied by his bodyguard assistant Benton, Albert, who had come to Jessica s apartment to surprise her, is accidentally shot when he is mistaken for somebody who has been sending death threats to Mr. Blaine. Production Shot in 1999 and completed in 2000, the movie was shot on 16 mm film Super 16mm Super 16mm film and blown up to 35 mm film 35mm . A Sense of Entitlement stars Rike Scholle as Caroline, Nicole Severine as Jessica, David Kampman as Mr. Blaine, and Stanislas Verspyck as Albert. It was written and directed by Mark L. Feinsod . External links http query.nytimes.com gst fullpage.html?res 9D0DEEDE1331F937A1575BC0A9679C8B63 NY Times http www.villagevoice.com film 0134,statman weil,27441,20.html Village Voice http www.imdb.com title tt0205391 IMDb Category 2000 films Sense of Entitlement Category American films Sense of Entitlement Category 2000s short films Sense of Entitlement ... more details
merge Social Security reform date September 2011 Entitlement reform refers to legislation to make changes in entitlement benefits paid by the government to citizens in order to improve the nation s budget. The subject of entitlement reform has been brought up as the United States has struggled to avoid a shutdown, raise the debt ceiling, and tackle other issues. fact date September 2011 The subject of reforms has also been a major issue in Europe, where countries like Ireland, Spain, the United Kingdom and Greece have been forced to deal with budget issues in response to the world economic crisis. Reforms to entitlements have also been seen in countries like Granada . International Community Issues regarding entitlement reform have been acknowledged on an international level. Korea Development Institute KDI and the International Monetary Fund IMF held a conference on 25 September 2010 in Seoul, South Korea , where one of the presentations touched on entitlement reform. ref name IMF cite web url http www.imf.org external np seminars eng 2010 kdi pdf program.pdf accessdate 28 September 2011 title KDI IMF Conference on Reconstructing the World Economy February 25, 2010 Seoul, Korea ref Granada In Grenada, Politicians ended entitlements to airlines. ref name Grenada cite web url http thetyee.ca Life 2011 09 01 Europe Verging On Collapse accessdate 28 September 2011 title Postcard from Europe, Verging on Collapse date 1 September 2011 first Justin last Ritchie publisher The Tyee location British Columbia, Canada ref Ireland In Ireland, politicians have been hesitant to do entitlement reform. Where possible, they have preferred to reduce wages of public employees instead. In response to the crisis, politicians have not ruled out the need for taking action in regards to entitlement reforms. ref name Ireland cite news publisher Irish Times location Dublin, Ireland accessdate 28 ... to do entitlement reform, and end entitlements for middle class families. The BBC reported that 31bn ... more details
Entitlement commodities are food commodities purchased by the United States Department of Agriculture USDA for the purpose of meeting legislatively specified rates of Commodity Assistance Program commodity assistance for various food assistance programs e.g., School meal school lunches . These commodities may be in government holdings as a result of Agriculture agricultural surplus removal or price support activities carried out under a variety of agriculture laws, but more commonly they are items purchased to meet food program needs. References CRS article Report for Congress Agriculture A Glossary of Terms, Programs, and Laws, 2005 Edition url http ncseonline.org nle crsreports 05jun 97 905.pdf author Jasper Womach Category United States Department of Agriculture ... more details
Entitlement theory is a theory of distributive justice and private property created by Robert Nozick in his book Anarchy, State, and Utopia . The theory is Nozick s attempt to describe justice in holdings Nozick 1974 150 or what can be said about and done with the property people own when viewed from a principle of justice. Principles Nozick s entitlement theory comprises 3 main principles A principle of justice in acquisition This principle deals with the initial acquisition of holdings. It is an account of how people first come to own common property, what types of things can be held, and so forth. A principle of justice in transfer This principle explains how one person can acquire holdings from another, including voluntary exchange and gifts. A principle of rectification of injustice how to deal with holdings that are unjustly acquired or transferred, whether and how much victims can be compensated, how to deal with long past transgressions or injustices done by a government, and so on. Nozick believes that if the world were wholly just, only the first two principles would be needed, as the following inductive definition would exhaustively cover the subject of justice in holdings A person who acquires a holding in accordance with the principle of justice in acquisition is entitled ... to a holding except by repeated applications of 1 and 2. Nozick 1974 151 Thus, entitlement theory would ... of rectification is needed. Entitlement theory is based on John Locke s ideas. ref Justice ..., Second Treatise on Government , Ch.5 Sec. 46 ref Under entitlement theory, people are represented as ends ... of through a voluntary transaction. Differences from other ideals Entitlement theory contrasts ... have or produce certain things have rights over them on an entitlement view, production and distribution ... have rights and entitlements over Nozick 1974 238 . Entitlement theory also contrasts with the Marxism ... justice.. Criticism In his later work, The Examined Life , Nozick reflects that entitlement theory ... more details
The Certificate of Entitlement COE , instituted by the government of Singapore since May 1990, is a program designed to limit automobile car ownership and hence the number of vehicles on the country s roads. This system in effect requires residents of Singapore to bid for the right to buy a motor vehicle, with the number of certificates deliberately restricted. The COE allows holders to own a car for a period of 10 years, after which they must scrap or export their car with financial incentives or bid for another COE at the prevailing rate if they wish to continue using their car for a further 5 or 10 years. Five categories of COE Non transferable categories Category A Cars 1600 cc and below and taxis Category B Cars 1601 cc and above Category D Motorcycles Transferable categories Category C Goods Vehicles and Buses Category E Open Category Examples on Quota Premium March 2009 2nd Open Bidding class wikitable Category Current Quota Premium Previous Quota Premium increase decrease Difference A 1600cc and below , taxi Singapore Dollar S 5,116 S 4,890 increase S 226 B 1601cc and above S 5,001 S 5,101 decrease S 100 C Goods Vehicle and Bus S 5,600 S 5,300 increase S 300 D Motorcycles S 912 S 958 decrease S 46 E Open S 5,982 S 5,700 decrease S 282 April 2010 1st Open Bidding class wikitable Category Current Quota Premium Previous Quota Premium increase decrease Difference A 1600cc and below , taxi S 34,001 S 28,389 increase S 5,612 B 1601cc and above S 45,501 S 36,089 increase S 9,412 E Open S 49,000 S 42,001 increase S 6,999 December 2011 1st Open Bidding http www.straitstimes.com Motoring Story STIStory 747365.html ref cite news url http www.straitstimes.com Motoring Story STIStory 747365.html title Certificate of Entitlement premiums fall for all categories date 2011 12 21 publisher Straits Times Motoring, A Singapore Press Holdings Website author Royston Sim ref class wikitable ... Road transport in Singapore th Certificate of Entitlement ... more details
Appraisal Subordination Entitlement Reduction ASER or Collateral Valuation Adjustments CVA are CMBS structuring innovations desined to improve overall transaction credit quality. Appraisal Reductions were created in response to rating agency concerns that, without such an adjustment, cash flow from mortgages likely to default would be paid to the first loss class. The rationale behind appraisal reductions is to support proactively the credit rating of senior CMBS tranches by reducing cash flow payments to the subordinate tranches . See also REMIC Commercial mortgage backed security Residential mortgage backed security External links economy stub Category Mortgage industry of the United States ... more details
Entitlement in fair division describes that proportion of the resources or goods to be divided that a player can expect to receive. The idea is based on the normal idea of entitlement . Entitlements can in the main be determined by agreeing on a cooperative game and using its value as the entitlement. Even when only money is to be divided and a some fixed amount has been specified for each recipient the problem can be complex. The amounts specified may be more or less than the amount of money and the profit or loss will then need to be shared out. A proportional adjustment is normally used in law nowadays and is the default assumption in the theory of fair division. Other rules however are often used and this article describes the basis underlying the common variants. Shared costs or gains Where a number of persons cooperate to pay for a facility or to gain from an enterprise there is the question of how costs or gains should be divided. In general deciding such entitlements is a cooperative game as the various parties can form coalitions against others, for instance as in a union versus a company. The Shapley value is one common method of deciding bargaining power as can be seen in the Airport problem . In economics an allocation which cannot be improved upon by any coalition is said to have the Core economics core property. Welfare economics on the other hand tries to determine allocations depending on fairness criteria. The people can also agree on their relative entitlements by a consensus process. For instance they could say what they think everyone else is entitled to and if the assessments agree then they have an agreed impartial consensus division. ref citation doi 10.1016 j.jet.2007.06.005 title Impartial division of a dollar author Geoffroy de Clippel author2 HerveMoulin ... is a problem of entitlement. There are a number of methods which compute a voting power for different ... by them. Entitlement in the Talmud The Talmud has a number of examples where entitlements are not decided ... more details
refimprove date July 2009 DEPB Duty Entitlement Pass Book is an export incentive scheme of Government of India Indian Government provided to Exporters in India . ref http dgftcom.nic.in exim 2000 procedures bchap 04.html Policy relating to the Duty Exemption Remission Scheme is prescribed in Chapter 4 of the Policy Source Government of India ref Duty Entitlement Pass Book Scheme in short DEPB is an export incentive scheme. Notified on 1 4 1997, the DEPB Scheme consisted of a Post export DEPB and b Pre export DEPB. The pre export DEPB scheme was abolished w.e.f. 1 4 2000. Under the post export DEPB, which is issued after exports, the exporter is given a duty entitlement Pass Book Scheme at a pre determined credit on the FOB value. The DEPB rates allows import of any items except the items which are otherwise restricted for imports . Items such as Gold Nibs, Gold Pen, Gold watches etc. though covered under the generic description of Writing implement writing instruments , components of writing instruments and watches are thus not eligible for benefit under the DEPB scheme. The DEPB Rates are applied on the basis of FOB value or value cap whichever is lower. For example, if the FOB value is Rs.700 per piece, and the value cap is Rs.500 per piece, the DEPB rate shall be applied on Rs.500 . The DEPB rate and the value cap shall be applicable as existing on the date of exports as defined in paragraph 15.15 of Handbook Vol.1 . DEPB Scheme is issued only on post export basis and pre export DEPB Scheme has been discontinued. The provisions of DEPB Scheme are mentioned in Para 4.3 and 4.3.1 to 4.3.5 of the International trade Foreign Trade Policy or Exim Policy. One significant change in the new DEPB Scheme is that in terms of Para 4.3.5 of the Exim Policy even Excise excise duty paid in cash on inputs used in the manufacture of export product shall be eligible for brand rate of duty ... rate of credit entitlement under DEPB Scheme comes to 10 or more, amount of Credit finance credit ... more details
Rural Litigation and Entitlement Kendra RLEK is a non governmental organization with its work base situated in the state of Uttarakhand , India . Its office is located in Dehradun , the capital of Uttarakhand . It evolved as a result of years of struggle against atrocities meted out to underprivileged and marginalized communities in the region. RLEK has fought in the courts of justice for communities as well as individuals. Some of the decisions given by the courts in these cases forced the Government to pass new acts. The Kendra is working persistently in order to bring about a countrywide exposure to widespread violation of fundamental rights . RLEK initiatives have led to dissemination of Bonded Labour Abolition Act, 1976 ref name d http ncpcr.gov.in Acts Abolition of Bonded Labour System Act 1976.pdf ref Narcotics and Psychotropic Substances NDPS Act, 1988 ref name e http narcoticsindia.nic.in NDPSACT.htm ref Environment Protection Act, 1986. ref name f http envfor.nic.in legis env env1.html ref The organization works on the aim To reach the unreached and include the excluded. The vision of the organization is to achieve a just and sustainable society. The Kendra is driven with the mission to empower indigenous groups, marginalized population, women and children and to claim their rights and entitlements. RLEK is registered under the Societies Registration Act, 1860 ref http uprfsc.up.nic.in India 20Societies 20Registration 20Act.pdf ref since 1869 as a Non profit Organization. The Kendra is headed by Mr. Avdhash Kaushal . RLEK has over 150 full time and part time staff and 100 volunteers. There is a concerted effort at the Kendra to do away with a hierarchical system. History In the late 1970s a group of young people undertook development work amongst the tribal communities ... Lime Stone Quarrying RLEK fought a case, ref name h Rural Litigation and Entitlement Kendra Vs. State of U.P. http www.nlsenlaw.org mining case laws supreme court rural litigation and entitlement ... more details
Consensus division may refer to Exact division , a type of fair division Entitlement fair division , a way of deciding entitlement Consensus , an agreed split of goods In American college football a consensus division champion is the winner of a division chosen by a rule using various votes rather than by a tournament. disambig ... more details
ASER may refer to Adelaide Station and Environs Redevelopment of Adelaide Railway Station . Appraisal subordination entitlement reduction disambig Category Acronyms ... more details
refimprove date March 2010 The Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 , USStatute 93 383 88 633 1974 08 22 , is a United States federal law that, among other provisions, amended the Housing Act of 1937 to create Section 8 housing Section 8 housing , ref USStat 88 662 ref authorizes Entitlement Communities Grants to be awarded by the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development , and created the National Institute of Building Sciences . ref name NIBS http www.nibs.org index.php about National Institute of Building Sciences ref References references External links http www.hud.gov offices cpd communitydevelopment programs entitlement Entitlement Communities Grants information, from hud.gov Category 1974 in law Category 93rd United States Congress Category United States federal housing legislation Category Legal articles without infoboxes US fed statute stub ... more details
BAQ may refer to Basque language ISO 639 identifier baq Ernesto Cortissoz International Airport IATA airport code BAQ in Barranquilla, Colombia Basic Allowance for Quarters, more commonly known as Basic Allowance for Housing , or BAH, a U.S. military entitlement of money to pay for housing. disambig de BAQ fr BAQ it BAQ ja BAQ ... more details
The Social Security Appeal Tribunal was a tribunal in the United Kingdom which heard appeals from decisions made by the Department for Work and Pensions , HM Revenue and Customs and local authorities regarding entitlement to various forms of social security benefits. The Tribunal was abolished in November 2008 and its functions transferred to the First tier Tribunal . Category Former courts and tribunals in the United Kingdom ... more details
ETW may refer to Entitlement To Work i.e. in EU, US East to West Eastern Trombone Workshop Empire Total War , a strategy game by Creative Assembly Event Tracing for Windows , a mechanism to trace and log software events disambig Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Longcomment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. de ETW ... more details
wiktionary overhang overhanging overhangs overhung Overhang may refer to Debt overhang , a fiscal situation of a government Market overhang , a concept in marketing Monetary overhang , a phenomenon where people have money holdings due to the lack of ability to spend them Overhang seat , a constituency seat in excess of a party s entitlement Overhang architecture , a protruding structure which may provide protection for lower levels, such as overhanging eaves Overhang automotive , the part of a road vehicle s length that is outside of the wheelbase See also Underhang disambiguation nl Overhang ... more details
The Social Security Contributions and Benefits Act 1992 http www.legislation.gov.uk ukpga 1992 4 contents enacted c 4 is the primary legislation concerning the state retirement provision, accident insurance, statutory sick pay and maternity pay in the United Kingdom. Contents Part I Contributions Part II Contributory Benefits Part III Non Contributory Benefits Part IV Increases for dependants Part V Benefit for Industrial Injuries Part VI Miscellaneous Provisions relating to Parts I to V Part VII Income Related Benefits Part VIII The Social Fund Part IX Child Benefit Part X Christmas bonus for pensioners Part XI Statutory Sick Pay Part XII Statutory maternity Pay ss 164 171 Part XIII General Schedules Schedule 1 Supplementary provisions relating to contributions of Classes 1, 1A, 2 and 3. Schedule 2 Levy of Class 4 contributions with income tax. Schedule 3 Contribution conditions for entitlement to benefit. Schedule 4 Rates of benefits, etc. Schedule 5 Increase of pension where entitlement is deferred. Schedule 6 Assessment of extent of disablement. Schedule 7 Industrial injuries benefits. Schedule 8 Industrial injuries and diseases Old Cases . Schedule 9 Exclusions from entitlement to child benefit. Schedule 10 Priority between persons entitled to child benefit. Schedule 11 Circumstances in which periods of entitlement to statutory sick pay do not arise. Schedule 12 Relationship of statutory sick pay with benefits and other payments, etc. Schedule 13 Relationship of statutory maternity pay with benefits and other payments etc. See also UK labour law Pensions in the United Kingdom Pensions Act 1995 Notes refs 2 External links UK legislation Category Pensions in the United Kingdom Category United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1992 ... more details
The Maternity Protection Act 1994 is an Act of the Oireachtas Irish parliament . Under the act, a woman is protected in pregnancy in such areas as Occupational safety and health health and safety and parental leave requirements. Leave Requirement Entitlement to 18 weeks paid leave with the option to take a further 8 weeks unpaid leave Entitlement to attend doctors appointments without loss of pay The pregnancy must be confirmed with a medical certificate from a doctor. The woman can choose her own dates but it most cover 4 weeks prior and post the birth and four weeks written notice before returning to work must also be given. The woman is entitled to return to the same job. External links cite web url http www.irishstatutebook.ie 1994 en act pub 0034 index.html title Maternity Protection Act, 1994 work Irish Statute Book database accessdate 17 July 2010 statute stub Ireland law stub DEFAULTSORT Maternity Protection Law 1994 Category Acts of the Oireachtas 1994 ... more details
under 50,000.00 39 1 1 e Entitlement to Copy of Bond 39 1 1 c Enforcement 39 1 1 b . Limitations ... 5,000,000.00, equal to 2,500,000.00 if contract amount more than 5,000,000.00 36.25.010 a 2 Entitlement ... 222 F Entitlement to Copy of Bond Upon representation of non payment or participation in litigation ... Bond Required Information Needed Entitlement to Copy of Bond Information Needed Enforcement Information ... amount of contract 3248 a Not required for architects engineers 3247 c Entitlement to Copy of Bond ... Entitlement to Copy of Bond Information Needed Enforcement Information Needed Limitations Information ... wikitable Performance Bond Required Information Needed Payment Bond Required Information Needed Entitlement ... Information Needed Payment Bond Required Information Needed Entitlement to Copy of Bond Information ... Required Information Needed Entitlement to Copy of Bond Information Needed Enforcement Information ... Payment Bond Required Information Needed Entitlement to Copy of Bond Information Needed Enforcement ... Bond Required Information Needed Payment Bond Required Information Needed Entitlement to Copy of Bond ... Needed Entitlement to Copy of Bond Information Needed Enforcement Information Needed Limitations ... Required Information Needed Entitlement to Copy of Bond Information Needed Enforcement Information Needed ... projects, bond amount set by government Sec. 550 1 Entitlement to Copy of Bond Not specified Enforcement ... Needed Payment Bond Required Information Needed Entitlement to Copy of Bond Information Needed Enforcement ... Payment Bond Required Information Needed Entitlement to Copy of Bond Information Needed Enforcement ... wikitable Performance Bond Required Information Needed Payment Bond Required Information Needed Entitlement ... Needed Payment Bond Required Information Needed Entitlement to Copy of Bond Information Needed Enforcement ... Performance Bond Required Information Needed Payment Bond Required Information Needed Entitlement ... Payment Bond Required Information Needed Entitlement to Copy of Bond Information Needed Enforcement ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Occasional Recuperational Break ORB is an entitlement for United Nations staff serving in hardship locations. It is similar to the Rest and Recuperation R&R mechanism offered by some specialized United Nations agencies such as the UNDP United Nations Development Programme and some other international organizations. Legal grounds The specific and detailed provisions on ORB are contained in an administrative instruction. ref cite web url http documents dds ny.un.org doc UNDOC GEN N00 812 44 doc N0081244.DOC?OpenElement title UN administrative instruction ST AI 2000 21 ref . However, since the United Nations is not allowed to introduce any entitlement inconsistent with those approved by the United Nations General Assembly General Assembly , the legal bases for the instruction are contained in the staff rules, which are indeed approved by the General Assembly. ref cite web url http documents dds ny.un.org doc UNDOC GEN N02 217 43 doc N0221743.DOC?OpenElement title UN staff rules as per ST SGB 2000 2 ref Under such legislation, ORB therefore exists for eligible SMs in compliance with and under the staff rules, and has to be understood in the context of rule 205.3 on Special Leave as a period of Special Leave with Full Pay SLWFP , granted under rule 205.3 a i , which states that In exceptional cases, the Secretary General may, at his or her initiative, place an individual on special leave with full pay if he or she considers such leave to be in the interest of the Organization . Within this scope, the United Nations has thus introduced ORB, defined as a five day special leave with full pay away from the mission area , whereby mission area means country ... The entitlement to ORB arises for staff of the United Nations serving in hardship locations, and its ... on ORB, in addition to their usual entitlement to annual leave 30 working days per year , as well ..., between the Secretariat and agencies. But furthermore, the ORB entitlement also varies within ... more details
Pattern bargaining is a process in labour relations, where a trade union gains a new and superior entitlement from one employer and then uses that agreement as a precedent to demand the same entitlement or a superior one from other employers. In the United States, pattern bargaining was pioneered by unions such as the United Auto Workers and the Teamsters . The first step of the bargaining process is the identification of a target employer that is most likely to agree to a favorable employment contract. For the selected company, this provides an opportunity to influence the contract for the industry, while the downside is the risk of a labor disruption if negotiations stall or fail. Once this contract has been successfully negotiated and ratified by the unionized workers, the union declares it a pattern agreement and presents it to the other employers as a take it or leave it offer. In Australia , pattern bargaining was specifically outlawed under the now repealed WorkChoices legislation. The law was repealed by the Labor party after their victory in the Australian federal election, 2007 2007 election , but Labor s Fair Work Act, which came into force on 1 July 2010, still outlaws pattern bargaining. References Marshall, Robert, and Antonio Merlo. 1996. Pattern bargaining. http research.mpls.frb.fed.us research sr sr220.pdf Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis Research Department Staff Report 220 . Category Trade unions references ... more details
mergeto Sick leave United Kingdom date March 2012 In the United Kingdom Statutory Sick Pay SSP is paid by their employer to all employees who are sick for a period longer than 4 consecutive days but less than 28 weeks ref http www.dwp.gov.uk lifeevent benefits statutory sick pay.asp Statutory Sick Pay Department for Work and Pensions ref . The first 3 days of sickness are called waiting days . SSP is not paid to a number of categories of employees, including Those over the age of 65. Those who are paid less than the national insurance lower earnings limit 95.00 in 2009 10 ref http www.direct.gov.uk en MoneyTaxAndBenefits BenefitsTaxCreditsAndOtherSupport Illorinjured DG 175843 Statutory Sick Pay eligibility and what days you will be paid for Direct.gov.uk ref . New employees who have not done any work under the contract of employment. Pregnant employees in receipt of Maternity Allowance or Statutory Maternity Pay SMP Employees recently in receipt of Social Security Benefits within the last 57 days . Prisoners. Employees on strike ref http www.compactlaw.co.uk monster empf44.html Sick Pay Entitlement Monster.co.uk ref . If the individual is unable to work due to medical reasons for longer than the 28 weeks, entitlement to SSP ceases, but the person may be entitled to Employment and Support Allowance . References reflist Category United Kingdom pensions and benefits ... more details
protected by liability rules, and inalienable entitlements. According to Calabresi and Melamed, an entitlement ... the value of the entitlement is agreed upon by the buyer and seller. With an entitlement protected by property rule, a collective decision is made as to who is to be given the initial entitlement, but not as to the value of the entitlement itself. An entitlement protected by a liability rule, however, involves a collective decision as to the value of the entitlement without the need for a voluntary transaction. A destroyer of an initial entitlement protected by a liability rule must pay an objectively valued sum to the holder of the entitlement. The final entitlement the authors consider in the article is an entitlement protected by an inalienability rule. As the authors define it, an entitlement ... seller. Under this rule, the state intervenes to determine the initial entitlement, to forbid ... circumstances should a particular entitlement be granted? And, 2 In what circumstances should a property, liability or inalienability rule be used to protect an entitlement? The Birth of Rule 4 In answering ... of available remedies appears thus class wikitable Initial Entitlement Injunction Property Rule Damages ..., the amount of damages is the minimum price the entitlement holder would accept in a bilateral ... more details
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