the operating environment in which a process runs. For example, an environmentvariable with a standard ... systems, each process has its own separate set of environmentVariable programming variable s. By default ... command invocation by indirectly invoking it via tt env tt or using the tt ENVIRONMENTVARIABLE ... have environment variables however, they do not all use the same variable names. A running program ... used for this. In Unix, an environmentvariable that is changed in a script or compiled program ... file will change the variable for the duration of command.com s existence. In Unix, the environment ... for the command shell they are using. In Microsoft Windows, each environmentvariable s default ... windows Two different processes running shell and change value of environmentvariable in one window ... all environment variables along with their values. To set a variable to a particular value, use source lang dos set VARIABLE value source However, this is temporary. Permanent change to the environment ... Control Session Manager Environment for System variables . To set a variable whose name is in another ... as real environment variables to the program VARIABLE value program name arguments The tool that gives ... of DOS environment variables ComSpec COMSPEC This variable contains the full path to the command ... Program Files Common Files tt . SystemDrive The SystemDrive variable is a special system wide environment ... . SystemRoot The SystemRoot variable is a special system wide environmentvariable found on Microsoft ... variable is a special system wide environmentvariable found on Microsoft Windows NT and its ... username WINDIR C Windows C Windows In this list, there is no environmentvariable that refers to the location ... support CustomScripts environmentVariableReference.html EnvironmentVariable Reference &mdash Has ... from Microsoft for editing PATH environmentvariable on Windows http vlaurie.com computers2 Articles ... .NET DEFAULTSORT EnvironmentVariable Category Operating system technology Category DOS technology ... more details
notability date November 2010 Orphan date April 2010 Evolution in VariableEnvironment EVE is a computer program designed to simulate microbial cellular behavior in various environments. The prediction of cellular responses is a rapidly evolving topic in systems biology and computational biology . The goal is to predict the behavior a particular organism in response to a set of environmental stimuli in silico . Such predictions can have a significant impact on preventive medicine, biotechnology, and microbe re engineering. Computational prediction of behavior has two major components the integration and simulation of vast biological networks and the creation of external stimuli. Current limitations of the method are lack of comprehensive experimental data on the various cellular subsystems and inadequate computational algorithms. Overview An organism that learns to modulate its behavior and gene expression based on temporal interrelationships between environmental factors possesses a competitive advantage of over other organisms that are unable to make such predictions. For example, learning when nutrients are going to be present in the environment allows the organism to selectively express genes that will take up the food source, thus allowing the organism to harvest energy. Modeling these type of behaviors of even simple bacteria poses certain challenges. Given the diversity of biological systems, it would appear that the number of behavior responses to an environmental change ... for a certain environment and will thus respond relatively specific ways to stimuli. This specificity ... seasons, many events in the environment are unpredictable, such as weather patterns, water salinity ... microbial regulatory networks in the context of interactions with the environment. ref ... Tavazoie Lab at Princeton University Categories DEFAULTSORT Evolution In VariableEnvironment Category Models of computation ... more details
Wiktionarypar variable wikiversity Variable may refer to Variable research , a logical set of attributes Variable mathematics , a symbol that represents a quantity in an algebraic expression. Variable computer science , a symbolic name associated with a value and whose associated value may be changed Variable star , a type of star as in astronomical object Dependent and independent variables in statistics disambig Category Variables bg ca Variable de Variable el es Variable desambiguaci n eu Aldagai argipena fa fr Variable it Variabile ja pl Zmienna pt Vari vel sk Premenn ckb sr fi Muuttuja ... more details
Infobox television episode Title The Variable Series Lost TV series Lost Image Caption Season 5 Episode ... List of Lost episodes Prev Some Like It Hoth Next Follow the Leader Lost Follow the Leader The Variable ... directly with the concept of time travel . The Variable also features the death of Daniel, portrayed ... abc.go.com primetime lost index?pn recap t 162212&d 191111 title Lost Episode Recaps The Variable publisher ... Lindelof and Carlton Cuse , the show runner s of Lost The Variable was written by Edward Kitsis and Adam .... ref name n&o In The Variable , the viewers would get a few more pieces of the puzzle, Lindelof ..., 2009 work Access Hollywood accessdate 2009 05 04 ref The Variable was the hundredth episode of the show ... in the episode. The Variable was watched live or recorded and watched within five hours of broadcast .... ref cite web url http tv.ign.com articles 978 978209p1.html title Lost The Variable Review last Carabott ... eyes, we decided to forgive him. But The Variable showed us the dynamic at the heart of Daniel s stuttering ... www.pastemagazine.com blogs tv detail 2009 04 lost review the variable episode 514.html title Lost Review The Variable last Dovey first Rachel date April 30, 2009 work Paste accessdate 2009 05 10 ref ... that Lost had been too slow lately, here you go. Those who watched The Variable saw more action ... Review Lost The Variable last Sweeney first Adam date May 1, 2009 publisher Film School Rejects accessdate ... quotTHE VARIABLEquot Page1.html title Thud Review Lost The Variable last Oliver first David date ... lost 514 the variable title LOST 5.14 The Variable last Lackey first Stephen date April 30, 2009 publisher ... cite web url http www.airlockalpha.com node 6311 title Lost The Variable last Compora first Dan ... took care to explain. ref name tvoholic cite web url http tvoholic.com episode reviews lost the variable title Lost The Variable first Fred date April 30, 2009 publisher TVoholic.com accessdate 2009 05 10 ref Jon Lachonis of TVOvermind said that as an internal character piece, The Variable was not so ... more details
wiktionary Environment may refer to Environment biophysical , the physical and biological factors along with their chemical interactions that affect an organism Environment systems , the surroundings of a physical system that may interact with the system by exchanging mass, energy, or other properties Environments series , a series of LPs, cassettes and CDs depicting natural sounds Built environment , constructed surroundings that provide the setting for human activity, ranging from the large scale civic surroundings to the personal places Knowledge environment Social environment , the culture that an individual lives in, and the people and institutions with whom they interact In computing Desktop environment , in computing, the graphical user interface to the computer Environmentvariable s, the dynamic set of variables defined in a process Integrated development environment , a type of computer software that assists computer programmers in developing software Runtime environment , a virtual machine state which provides software services for processes or programs while a computer is running In Functional programming , the environment is a function which maps variable names on to their values ref cite book last Jones first Simon L. Peyton title The implementation of functional programming languages year 1987 publisher Prentice Hall International location Englewood Cliffs, NJ isbn ... PAGES 029.HTM ref In Unified Process the Environment discipline refers to the tools and customizing ..., chemical and biological components of the environment Other Environment film Environment film , a 1917 silent film See also Ambient disambiguation Category Environment , for articles relating to the effect of human activity on the environment Ecology , a sub discipline of biology often confused with the environment in general Environmentalism , a concern with the preservation of the environment ... simple Environment disambiguation sr sv Milj ta tr evre vi M i tr ng ... more details
for instance, in unix and related systems an ordinary variable becomes an environmentvariable ... value of environmentvariable in one window, that change will not be seen by other window. When a child ... variable is a variable that is accessible in every scope programming scope unless Variable shadowing shadowed . Interaction mechanisms with global variables are called global environment see also global state mechanisms. The global environment paradigm is contrasted with the local environment ... considered bad practice precisely because of their non locality a global variable can potentially ... only , and any part of the program may depend on it. ref William Wulf and Mary Shaw, Global Variable ... variable therefore has an unlimited potential for creating mutual dependencies, and adding mutual ... file, such variables effectively have global scope. On the other hand, a variable that is required ..., making the code errno code variable accessible to all modules in a project. Where this global access ... a variable to file scope, and will cause attempts to import it with code extern code to raise ... of a global variable in C programming language C intro comment is wrong? and how about use of the static ... is correct. global does not qualify as a global variable as it is not in scope everywhere . include stdio.h int myGlobal 3 This is the external variable. static void ChangeMyGlobal void myGlobal 5 Reference to external variable in a function. int main void printf d n , myGlobal Reference to external variable in another function. ChangeMyGlobal printf d n , myGlobal return 0 source As the variable ... the value of the variable at any time, understanding the use of the variable may entail understanding ... in other modules. They can lead to problems of naming because a global variable makes a name dangerous to use for any other local or object scope variable. A local variable of the same name can shield the global variable from access, again leading to harder to understand code. The setting of a global ... more details
The term dummy variable can refer to either of the following Bound variable &ndash in mathematics and computer science, a placeholder variable Dummy variable statistics &ndash an indicator variable. disambig ... more details
Forest Work Plan for 2008 http www.mongabay.com reference environmentVariable retention.html Mongabay.com ...Variable retention is a relatively new silviculture silvicultural system that retains forest structural ... silvicultural approaches to timber harvest ing Variable retention harvest systems. In textbook ... preservation. Variable retention also aids in emulation of natural disturbances by leaving behind .... are focused on maximizing timber production and future regeneration of the trees. Variable retention ... system Reconciling variable retention with the principles of silvicultural systems. Forestry chronicle, 78, 397. ref Value of variable retention Variable retention is gradually becoming a popularly ... the forest. Variable retention is believed by some forestry experts to minimize the impact of logging ... trees can be retained under the variable retention system, and trees can be retained in patches aggregated retention or left uniformly throughout a stand dispersed retention hence the name variable ... related processes. There are four key mechanisms through which variable retention is presumed ... refuge for sensitive species that will colonize the surrounding managed forest environment as it develops ... diversity of managed stands Variable retention Harvesting methods The method of variable retention ... truck use. Some logging operations that use variable retention try to emulate Disturbance ecology forest ... s. Loggers also leave younger trees that will continue to grow. Variable retention harvesting .... Some timber companies have restricted the use of variable retention silviculture to only ... Ecology Ecologist s regard the variable retention method of harvesting as being far less detrimental to the forest ecosystem than clearcutting . However, opponents claim that variable retention ..., such as the Forest Stewardship Council FSC , approve of variable retention and are now declaring ... the variable retention method to harvest timber in the Pacific temperate rain forests WWF ecoregion ... more details
PATH is an environmentvariable on Unix like operating system s, DOS , OS 2 , and Microsoft Windows , specifying a set of Directory file systems directories where executable programs are located. In general, each executing process computing process or login session user session has its own PATH setting. Unix and Unix like On POSIX and Unix like operating systems, the code PATH code variable is specified as a list of one or more directory names separated by colon code code characters. ref http www.opengroup.org onlinepubs 000095399 basedefs xbd chap08.html tag 08 03 Open Group Unix Specification, Environment Variables ref ref http www.opengroup.org onlinepubs 000095399 functions execve.html Open Group Unix Specification, execve function ref The code bin code , code usr bin code , and code usr local bin code directories are typically included in most users path setting although this varies from implementation to implementation . The current directory code . code is sometimes included as well, allowing programs residing in the current working directory to be executed directly. Superuser root accounts as a rule do not include it in the path, however, in order to prevent the accidental execution of scripts residing in the current directory. Executing such a program requires the deliberate use of a directory prefix code . code on the command name. When a command name is specified by the user or an exec operating system exec call is made from a program, the system searches the path, examining each directory from left to right in the list, looking for a filename that matches the command ... PATH code variable is specified as a list of one or more directory names separated by semicolon code ... to run it. The PATH variable makes it easy to run commonly used programs located in their own folders. If used unwisely, however, the value of the PATH variable can slow down the operating system ... 2008 DEFAULTSORT Path Variable Category Computer file systems Category Variable computer programming ... more details
In object oriented programming , a member variable sometimes called a member Field computer science field is a variable programming variable that is associated with a specific Class computer science class , and accessible for all its method computer science methods . If there is only one copy of the variable shared with all instances of the class, it is called a class variable or static member variable. If each instance of the class has its own copy of the variable, the variable is called an instance variable . ref cite web accessdate 2011 08 12 author Richard G. Baldwin date 1999 03 10 location http www.dickbaldwin.com publisher Richard G Baldwin Programming Tutorials title Q What is a member variable? quote A member variable is a member of a class class variable or a member of an object instantiated from that class instance variable . It must be declared within a class, but not within the body of a method of the class. url http www.dickbaldwin.com java Java020.htm ref References Reflist 2 See also Global variable Local variable Category Object oriented programming Category Variable computer programming Compu prog stub ... more details
Wikify date June 2011 Unreferenced date March 2008 Extraneous variables are Variable mathematics variables other than the independent variable that may bear any effect on the behavior of the subject being studied. This only affects the people in the experiment, not the place the experiment is taking place in. Some examples are gender, ethnicity, social class, genetics, intelligence, age. A variable is extraneous only when it can be assumed to influence the dependent variable. It introduces noise but doesn t systematically bias the results. Classification Extraneous variables are often classified into three types Subject variables, which are the characteristics of the individuals being studied that might affect their actions. These variables include age, gender, health status, mood, background, etc. Experimental variables are characteristics of the persons conducting the experiment which might influence how a person behaves. Gender, the presence of racial discrimination, language, or other factors may qualify as such variables. Situational variables are features of the environment in which the study or research was conducted, which have a bearing on the outcome of the experiment in a negative way. Included are the air temperature, level of activity, lighting, and the time of day. Controlling extraneous variables Expand section date November 2009 There are two strategies of controlling extraneous variables. Either a potentially influential variable is kept the same for all subjects in the research, or they balance the variables in a group. Types According to Campbell and Stanley Citation needed date March 2008 , there are at least eight kinds of extraneous variables all of the above ... the results of the dependent variable. This is a concern in longitudinal designs, wherein there is a long ... to internal validity when a pre test has had an effect on the post test. This variable .... DEFAULTSORT Extraneous Variable Category Experimental psychology ... more details
In computer programming , variable shadowing occurs when a variable declared within a certain scope decision block, method, or inner class has the same name as a variable declared in an outer scope. This outer variable is said to be shadowed. This can lead to confusion, as it may be unclear which variable subsequent uses of the shadowed variable name refer to. One of the first languages to introduce variable shadowing was ALGOL , which first introduced blocks to establish scopes. It was also permitted by many of the derivative programming languages including C and Java programming language Java . The C Sharp programming language C language breaks this tradition, allowing variable shadowing between an inner and an outer class, and between a method and its containing class, but not between an if block and its containing method, or between case statements in a Switch statement switch block. Example The following Java programming language Java code provides an example of variable shadowing. source lang java class VariableShadowing static int x 1 public static void main String args This local variable shadows the class variable int x 100 This statement prints the local variable System.out.println Local variable x x 100 This statement prints the shadowed variable System.out.println Class variable x VariableShadowing.x 1 source See also Overloading Type polymorphism Category Variable computer programming ... more details
distinguish2 variable geometry aircraft refimprove date January 2009 A Variable Fighter is a series of fictional ... known variable fighter model used during The Super Dimension Fortress Macross Space War I , the VF 1 ... ref Image Variable Fighter 25A Art.jpg thumb 150px Some Variable Fighters from the Macross universe ... series , the reason behind the development of the variable fighters Battroid mode was the discovery ... on their own environment Battroid mode , on the ground Gerwalk mode , and the air Fighter mode . Thus, research into Extraterrestrial life alien Overtechnology culminated in the development of the variable fighters for the U.N. Spacy . ref name Mechanic Variable Fighters Official Macross Continuity ... Zero Atmospheric use variable fighter used by anti UN forces VF X 1 Transformable flight test vehicle Stonewell Bellcom VF 1 Valkyrie series Macross U.N. Spacy main variable aerospace fighter from 2009 ... SDP 1 Stampede Valkyrie Macross Remember Me U.N. Spacy anti capital ship assault variable fighter ... Spacy prototype variable space fighter interceptor based on the VF 1 Valkyrie. ref name Remember ref ... use variable fighter ref name M3 http macross.anime.net production software index.html Sega ... variable fighter from 2020 to 2030 ref name M3 ref http macross.anime.net wiki VF 4 Lightning III Program ... ref VF 5 Shinsei Industry VF 5000 Star Mirage Atmospheric use variable fighter ref name M3 VF 6 VF 7 Zentradi In Macross Zentradi Variable Glaug Macross M3 A transformable version of the Zentradi Roiquonmi ... name M3 Shinsei Industry VF 11 Thunderbolt Macross Plus U.N. Spacy main variable fighter from 2030 ... 7 Updated into the VF 171 variable fighter. Modelled after the real life F 117. ref name macross.anime.net ... Neo Glaug Human designed variable drone fighter. ref http macross.anime.net production software index.html ... YF 19 Alpha One or Eagle One Macross Plus Prototype for the VF 19 Excalibur variable fighter. ref http ... Spacy design. Often assigned as first wave strike weapons due to heavy missile load. Zentradi Variable ... more details
In statistics and social sciences , an antecedent variable is a Variable mathematics variable that can help to explain the apparent relationship or part of the relationship between other variables that are nominally in a Causality cause and effect relationship. In a regression analysis , an antecedent variable would be one that influences both the independent variable and the dependent variable . See also Path analysis statistics Latent variable Intervening variable References Olobatuyi M.E. 2006 A user s guide to path analysis , University Press of America. ISBN 0761832300 Chapter 2 Category Statistical terminology Category Regression analysis Category Statistical dependence Category Design of experiments stats stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Orphan date February 2009 In computer programming a singleton variable is a variable programming variable that is referred to only once. Examples of where a variable might only be referenced once is as a dummy argument in a function call , or when its address is assigned to another variable which subsequently accesses its allocated storage. Singleton variables sometimes occur because a mistake has been made such as assigning a value to a variable and forgetting to use it later, or mistyping one instance of the variable name. Some compiler s and Lint programming tool lint like tools flag occurrences of singleton variables. See also Singleton pattern Category Variable computer programming ... more details
Unreferenced date February 2007 orphan date November 2009 An unreferenced variable in the source code of a computer program is a Variable programming variable that is defined but which is never used. This may result in a harmless waste of memory unless the compiler used detects the situation and does not allocate storage for the variable, perhaps also issuing a warning . Some coding style coding guideline documents consider an unreferenced variable to be a symptom of a potential coding fault. Examples C programming language C source lang c int main void int i, j for i 0 i 10 i printf d , i return 0 source In this example, j is an unreferenced variable. DEFAULTSORT Unreferenced Variable Category Variable computer programming Compu prog stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Cleanup rewrite date February 2010 In object oriented programming with Class computer science class es, an instance variable is a variable programming variable defined in a class i.e. a member variable , for which each Object computer science object of the class has a separate copy. They live in memory for the life of the object. An instance variable contrasts with a class variable , and it is a special type of instance member . An example C or Java declaration of an instance variable is br private double length Technically speaking, instance variables are objects stored in individual states in non static fields , that is, fields declared without the static keyword. Non static fields are also known as instance variables because their values are unique to each instance of a class to each object, in other words the code currentSpeed code of one bicycle is independent from the code currentSpeed code of another. A simpler definition is that instance variables are things an object knows about itself. A typical declaration in Objective C would look like interface CustomClassName NSObject NSString ivar DEFAULTSORT Instance Variable Category Object oriented programming Category Variable computer programming Compu prog stub es Variable de instancia fr Variable d instance it Variabile di istanza ja ... more details
Variable skink may denote either of two different skink s Eumeces multivirgatus epipleurotus , the southern subspecies of the Many lined Skink from North America Trachylepis varia , the Variable Mabuya from Africa dab ... more details
Variable geometry may refer to Variable geometry ways to alter the shape of an aircraft s wings in flight in order to alter their aerodynamic properties Multi speed Europe , a proposed strategy for European integration disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2007 The term control variable has different meanings, depending on the area place in which it is used. The control variable is something that is constant and unchanged in an experiment. A control variable is any factor that remains unchanged and strongly influences values it is held constant to test the relative impact of an independent variable . In scientific experimentation, a control variable is the one that must not be changed throughout an experiment because it affects the independent variables and thus affects the outcome of the experiment. For example, in the experimental verification of Boyle s law, the temperature must be kept constant. Essentially, a controlled variable is what is kept the same throughout the experiment. An example of a controlled variable would be if you have experimented on plants and tested a product on two plants, the soil and the pot would be two controlled variables. Control theory In control theory , controlled variables are the variables that are input to the control system. Reaction rate is the dependent variable, and everything else that can change the reaction rate must be controlled kept constant so that the analyst can only measure the effects of concentration. Variables that need to be controlled in this case include temperature, catalyst, surface area of solids, and pressure. If not controlled, they complicate the experiment, and hence, the test is less valid. For example, a control variable could be time or mass or each marble had ten minutes to dissolve in acid. Computer programming In computer programming , a control variable is a program variable that is used to regulate the flow of control of the program. Examples A Infinite loop Looping loop control variable is used to regulate the number of times ... the loop body is executed. A single control variable can identify the present State computer science state of a computer program . Category Experiments ca Variable de control simple Control variable ... more details
In type theory and programming language s, a type variable is a Variable mathematics mathematical variable ranging over data types types . Even in programming languages that allow variable programming mutable variable s, a type variable remains an abstraction, in the sense that it does not correspond to some memory locations. Programming language s that support parametric polymorphism make use of universally quantified type variables. Languages that support existential type s make use of existentially quantified type variables. For example, the following OCaml code defines a polymorphic identity function that has a universally quantified type, which is printed by the interpreter on the 2nd line let id x x val id a a fun In mathematical notation, the type of the function code id code is math forall a.a to a math , where a is a type variable. See also System F type theory stub Category Functional programming pl Zmienna typowa ... more details
Three ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Variable HMS Variable 1808 6 was a 12 gun sloop schooner , previously the civilian ship Redbridge . She was purchased in 1808, and removed from the Navy List in 1814. HMS Variable 1814 6 was a 14 gun schooner, previously the civilian ship Edward . She was purchased in 1814 and broken up in 1817. HMS Variable 1827 6 was a 10 gun Cherokee class brig sloop Cherokee class brig sloop launched in 1827. She was renamed HMS Pigeon and converted to a 6 gun packet ship packet brig in 1829 and was ordered to be sold in 1847. Shipindex DEFAULTSORT Variable, Hms Category Royal Navy ship names ... more details
In statistics , observable variables or manifest variables , as opposed to latent variable s, are those Variable mathematics variables that can be observed and directly measured. ref Dodge, Y. 2003 The Oxford Dictionary of Statistical Terms , OUP. ISBN 0 19 920613 9 ref See also Observables in physics Observability in control theory Latent variable model References references Category Social sciences Category Econometrics Category Statistical terminology Econometrics stub statistics stub ... more details
In a scientific experiment measuring the effect of one or more independent variable s on a dependent variable, controlling for a variable is a method to reduce the confounding effect of variations in a third variable that may also affect the value of the dependent variable. For example, in an experiment to determine the effect of nutrition the independent variable on organism growth the dependent variable , the age of the organism the third variable needs to be controlled for, since the effect may also depend on the age of an individual organism. To a certain extent, systematic selection bias can be avoided, and the further confounding effect can be reduced, by a random assignment of individuals to the experimental group and the control group , but controlling tends to reduce the errors and residuals in statistics experimental error further. The essence of the method is to ensure that comparisons between the control group and the experimental group are only made for groups or subgroups for which the variable to be controlled has as much as possible the same statistical distribution . A common way to achieve this is to Partition of a set partition the groups into subgroups whose members have nearly the same value for the controlled variable. Controlling for a variable is also a term used in statistics statistical data analysis when inferences may need to be made for the relationships within one set of variables given that some of the inter relations may derive from relations to variables in another set. This is broadly equivalent to conditioning probability conditioning on the variables in the second set, although in some techniques only linear relations may be taken into account. Such analyses may be described as controlling for variable X , or controlling for the variations in X . See also Scientific control References http www.stat.sdu.dk matstat Design index.html Experimental Design FAQ Category Statistical terminology Category Design of experiments Category Regression ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 In computer programming , a temporary variable is a variable programming variable whose purpose is short lived, usually to hold temporary data that will soon be discarded, or before it can be placed at a more permanent Memory computers memory location. Because it is short lived, it is usually declared with local Scope programming scope . There is no formal definition of what makes a variable temporary , but it is an often used term in programming. A typical example would be that of swap computer science swapping the contents of two variables. To swap the contents of variables a and b one would typically use a temporary variable temp as follows, so as to preserve the data from a as it is being overwritten by b temp a a b b temp Temporary variables are Naming conventions programming usually named with identifier s that abbreviation abbreviate the word temporary , such as temp , tmp or simply t , or with common metasyntactic variable names, the most common of which are foo , bar , baz see also foobar . The letters i , j , k and so on are also frequently used for Array data structure indices , a tradition stemming from early Fortran and mathematics. See also Temporary folder Temporary file Temporary filesystem DEFAULTSORT Temporary Variable Category Variable computer programming pt Vari vel tempor ria computa o ru ... more details
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