italictitle Taxobox fossil range Fossilrange 30.8 13.6 small Late Oligocene to early Miocene small ref name PBDBArchaeohippus http paleodb.org cgi bin bridge.pl?action checkTaxonInfo&taxon no 42988&is real user 1 the Paleobiology Database 1 22 09 ref ref name Sullivan03 aut O Sullivan, Jay A. 2003 A new species of Archaeohippus Mammalia, Equidae from the Arikareenan of Central Florida Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23 4 877 885 ref regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Mammalia ordo Perissodactyla familia Equidae subfamilia Anchitheriinae genus Archaeohippus genus authority Gidley, 1906 subdivision ranks Species ref name PBDBArchaeohippus subdivision A. blackbergi small syn. A. nanus, Parahippus minutalis small A. equinanus A. mannulus A. minimus A. mourningi A. penultimus A. stenolophus small syn. Mesohippus planidens small A. ultimus Archaeohippus is an extinct three toed member of the family Equidae known from fossils of Late Oligocene to early Miocene age ref name Sullivan03 . The genus is noted for several distinct Skeleton skeletal features. The skull possesses deeply pocketed Skeletal system of the horse Axial skeleton fossa in a notably long skull preorbital region ref name Sullivan03 . The genus is considered an example of Insular dwarfism phyletic dwarfism with adults estimated at being on average 20 kg in weight. This is in contrast to the most common equid of the period, Miohippus ref name Sullivan03 . Characters of the teeth show a mix of both primitive and advanced traits. The advanced traits are very similar to those shown in the genus Parahippus . The noted similarities of Archaeohippus and Parahippus show them to be descended from a common ancestor and are considered sister species. ref name Sullivan03 Taxonomic History The first species to be named was found in the Miocene Mascall Fauna of Cottonwood Creek Oregon Cottonwood Creek , Oregon ref name Sullivan03 . Named Anchitherium Anchitherium ultimus the species was described in 1886 by noted ... more details
Taxobox name Merychippus fossil range Fossil range Miocene image Merychippus 01.JPG image width 250px image caption Fossils regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Mammalia ordo Perissodactyla familia Equidae subfamilia Equinae genus Merychippus binomial Merychippus insignis binomial authority Joseph Leidy Leidy , 1856 http paleodb.org cgi bin bridge.pl?action checkTaxonInfo&taxon no 48183&is real user 0 range map caption Range of Merychippus based on fossil record range map Merychippus range.png Merychippus is an extinct proto horse of the family Equidae that was endemic to North America during the Miocene from 20.43 10.3 Annum Ma living for approximately Mya 20.43 10.3 million years . ref http paleodb.org cgi bin bridge.pl?action checkTaxonInfo&taxon no 43009&is real user 1 Paleobiology Database Merychippus basic info ref It had three toes on each foot and is the first horse known to have graze d. Its name means ruminant horse , but current evidence does not support Merychippus ruminating. Taxonomy File Anchitherium.jpg thumb left Merychippus sejunctus front and back feet right Merychippus was named by Leidy 1856 . Numerous authors around the turn of the century put the type species in Protohippus , but this ignored priority. Its type is Merychippus insignis . It was assigned to Equidae by Leidy 1856 and Carroll 1988 and to Equinae by MacFadden 1998 and Bravo Cuevas and Ferrusqu a Villafranca 2006 . ref R. L. Carroll. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution. W. H. Freeman and Company, New York 1 698 ref ref B. J. MacFadden. 1998. Equidae. In C. M. Janis, K. M. Scott, and L. L. Jacobs eds. , Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America 1 537 559 ref ref V. M. Bravo Cuevas and I. Ferrusqu a Villafranca. 2006. Merychippus Mammalia, Perissodactyla, Equidae from the Middle Miocene of state of Oaxaca, southeastern Mexico. G obios 39 771 784 ref Morphology Body mass Four specimens were examined by M. Mendoza, C. M. Janis, and P. Palmqvist for body mass . ref M. Me ... more details
File Waerbeas rectom moulet.JPG left thumb Taxobox regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Fly Diptera familia Oestridae genus Gasterophilus species G. haemorrhoidalis binomial Gasterophilus haemorrhoidalis binomial authority Carolus Linnaeus Linnaeus , 10th edition of Systema Naturae 1758 synonyms Oestrus haemorrhoidalis small Carolus Linnaeus Linnaeus Systema Naturae 1758 small File Forboutaedje anusse moultea waerbeas.JPG thumb In rectum of a mule with anal prolpase Gasterophilus haemorrhoidalis also called nose bot is a species biology species of the genus Gasterophilus that lays eggs on the lips and around the mouth of horse s, mule s and donkey , but also reindeer . In equidae , third stage larvae attach to the stomach, but also to rectum, sometimes in great numbers. ref Johannes Kaufmann, Parasitic Infections of Domestic Animals, Birkh user Verlag, Basel, Boston, Berlin, 1996, ISBN 3 7643 5115 2. ref Heavy infestation can cause anal prolapse in foals and mules. In reindeer, the larvae grow in the sinuses and throat of the host animal, and are sneezed out in the spring. They do not parasitise humans. External links http www.enr.gov.nt.ca live pages wpPages Nose bot.aspx GNWT Environment and Natural Resources Nose Bot page References References Commons category Gasterophilus haemorrhoidalis Category Oestridae Category Parasites Category Animals described in 1758 fly stub Veterinary med stub parasite stub vi Gasterophilus haemorrhoidalis ... more details
refimprove date September 2011 italictitle Taxobox fossil range Late Pleistocene regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Perissodactyla familia Equidae genus Equus genus Equus species E. sivalensis binomial Equus sivalensis binomial authority Equus sivalensis is an extinct Equus genus equid , discovered in the Siwalik hills of Pakistan . Remains date to 2.6 million years ago, and it is assumed that it was extinct during the last Ice Age , between 75,000 and 10,000 years ago, as part of the late Pleistocene megafaunal extinction . Remains have been found in middle to late Pleistocene locations in the Siwaliks and in Tamil Nadu , and recently, as a Great Indian horse in Andhra , dated to ca. 75,000 BP. References B.J. MacFadden, Fossil Horses , 1992, 2nd ed. 2003 ISBN 978 0521477086 Hugh Falconer Falconer H. and Proby Cautley Cautley , Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis, Being the Fossil Zoology of the Siwalik Highlands in the North of India , 1849, London. External links Two PDF files with information on E. sivalensis http www.curlesnewstead.org.uk pdfs curleappendices.pdf Animal remains PDF , http www.mnhn.fr publication geodiv g00n2a7.pdf Fossil equids PDF M. Witzel, http www.hinduonnet.com thehindu op 2002 03 05 stories 2002030500130100.htm Harappan horse myths and the sciences Category Prehistoric horses Category Equus horse stub paleo oddtoedungulate stub hu Equus sivalensis ... more details
A cenogram is a graphical comparison of the average adult weight of mammal ian species within a terrestrial area. In studying ancient communities, it is used to draw conclusions about biome , including whether a biome is species rich, its relative humidity and level of forestation . Cenograms were introduced in 1964 by J.A. Valverde in Terre et Vie and have become common in the study of prehistory prehistoric fauna of the northern hemisphere. ref cite web last Palombo first Maria Rita coauthors Caterina Giovinazzo title What do cenograms tell us about the mammalian palaeoecology? url http senckenberg.de fis doc abstracts 82 Palombo etal 2.pdf year 2004 publisher Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum accessdate 2009 06 11 ref Notes reflist References cite book last MacFadden first Bruce J. title Fossil Horses Systematics, Paleobiology, and Evolution of the Family Equidae publisher Cambridge University Press year 1994 isbn 0521477085 page 314 cite book last Prothero first Donald R. title After the Dinosaurs the Age of Mammals publisher Indiana University Press year 2006 isbn 0253347335 page 163 paleo stub Category Paleontology fr C nogramme ... more details
The Iron Canyon Site is a Miocene assemblage of vertebrate fossils located in Kern County, California Kern County , California within the Dove Spring Formation dating from 23.03 5.33 Ma. ref http paleodb.org cgi bin bridge.pl?action displayCollectionDetails&collection no 19383 Paleobiology database Iron Canyon Collection ref Specimens located Proboscidea Gomphotheriidae Gomphotherium Rhinocerotidae Peraceras Serbelodon S. burnhami Equidae Dinohippus Pliohippus P. tantalus Megahippus M. matthewi Amphicyonidae Ischyrocyon I. mohavensis Canidae Epicyon E. saevus Artiodactyla Alluvisorex A. chasseae Paracosoryx P. furlongi Merychyus Lipotyphla Limnoecus Erinaceidae Lagomorpha Hesperolagomys Rodentia Thomomys Cupidinimus C. avawatzensis, C. tertius Perognathus P. minutus Geomyidae Eucastor Copemys C. dentalis, C. longidens, C. russelli References reflist David P. Whistler and Douglas P. Burbank, Miocene biostratigraphy and biochronology of the Dove Spring Formation, Mojave Desert, California, and characterization of the Clarendonian mammal age late Miocene in California. http bulletin.geoscienceworld.org cgi content abstract 104 6 644 Website Category Paleontological sites of North America Category Natural history of California Category Geography of Kern County, California Category History of Kern County, California ... more details
Taxobox name Castel Morrone donkey status DOM image image width 250px image caption regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Perissodactyla familia Equidae genus Equus genus Equus subgenus Asinus species African wild ass E. africanus subspecies Donkey E. a. asinus trinomial Equus africanus asinus trinomial authority Carolus Linnaeus Linnaeus , 1758 The Castel Morrone donkey or Castel Morrone ass lang it asino di Castel Morrone is an extinct ref name agraria or nearly extinct ref name comune di castelmorrone landrace of donkey from the area of Castel Morrone in the Province of Caserta in the Italy Italian region of Campania . Muscular and broad backed, the animal was widely used as a means of transport in the stony hills of the district around Castel Morrone , as well as a beast of burden. ref name comune di castelmorrone It is or was characterised by large ears, a large ish head, long hooves, and a blackish grey coat with tawny markings around the eyes. ref name comune di castelmorrone References reflist refs ref name comune di castelmorrone http www.comune.castelmorrone.ce.it index.php?action index&p 248 I Biotopi , Comune di Castel Morrone. ref ref name agraria http www.agraria.org zootecnia razzeitalianeminori.htm Razze Asini Razze italiane minori , Agraria.org. ref Category Donkeys Category Donkey breeds originating in Italy Category Province of Caserta Equine ... more details
distinguish2 the related khulan or Mongolian wild ass Taxobox status status system image Kulaani Korkeasaari.jpg image caption A Turkmenian kulan at Korkeasaari Zoo. name Turkmenian kulan regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Odd toed ungulate Perissodactyla familia Equidae genus Equus genus Equus species Onager E. hemionus subspecies E. h. kulan trinomial Equus hemionus kulan trinomial authority synonyms The Turkmenian kulan Equus hemionus kulan , also called simply the kulan is a subspecies ref name SSC cite web url http data.iucn.org themes ssc sgs equid ASWAss.html title Asiatic Wild Ass Equus hemionus work IUCN.org location Gland, Switzerland publisher IUCN SSC Equid Specialist Group ref of onager Asian wild ass native to Turkmenistan . It is Endangered species endangered . ref name SSC Related subspecies Mongolian wild ass khulan , Equus hemionus hemionus Persian onager gur , Equus hemionus onager Indian wild ass khur , Equus hemionus khur Syrian wild ass , Equus hemionus hemippus Extinction extinct References reflist Equus Category Equus Category Mammals of Asia Category Fauna of Turkmenistan horse stub ... more details
Taxobox status status system image image caption name Persian onager regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Odd toed ungulate Perissodactyla familia Equidae genus Equus genus Equus species Onager E. hemionus subspecies E. h. onager trinomial Equus hemionus onager trinomial authority synonyms The Persian onager Equus hemionus onager is a subspecies ref name SSC cite web url http data.iucn.org themes ssc sgs equid ASWAss.html title Asiatic Wild Ass Equus hemionus work IUCN.org location Gland, Switzerland publisher IUCN SSC Equid Specialist Group ref of onager Asiatic wild ass native to Iran . It is critically Endangered species endangered and extremely rare . ref name SSC Sometimes the term onager is reserved specifically for this subspecies. ref name SSC Information on the basic biology of the subspecies and how it differs from others is lacking, which hampers conservation efforts. ref name SSC Related subspecies Mongolian wild ass khulan , Equus hemionus hemionus Turkmenian kulan , Equus hemionus kulan Indian wild ass khur , Equus hemionus khur Syrian wild ass , Equus hemionus hemippus Extinction extinct References reflist Equus Category Equus Category Mammals of Asia Category Fauna of Iran horse stub ... more details
Taxobox fossil range Early Oligocene image Mesohippus.jpg image caption Mesohippus regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Perissodactyla familia Equidae subfamilia Anchitheriinae genus Mesohippus genus authority Othniel Charles Marsh Marsh , 1875 subdivision ranks Species subdivision See text Mesohippus Greek language Greek meso meaning middle and hippos meaning horse is an extinct genus of early horse. It lived some 40 to 30 million years ago from the late Eocene to the mid Oligocene . Like many fossil horses, Mesohippus was common in North America. Description Image Mesohippus.png thumb left Left General outline. Center forelimb bones. Right a molar tooth white cement dotted dentine dark enamel Mesohippus had longer legs than its predecessor Hyracotherium and stood about 60 cm 6 hands tall. It had also lost a toe and stood predominantly on its middle toe, although the other two were also used. ref name EoDP cite book editor Palmer, D. year 1999 title The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals publisher Marshall Editions location London page 255 isbn 1 84028 152 9 ref The face of Mesohippus was longer and larger than earlier Equidae equid s. It had a slight facial Fossa anatomy fossa , or depression, in the skull. The eyes were rounder, and were set wider apart and farther back than in Hyracotherium . Image Mesohippus Bairdii.jpg thumb right Mesohippus bairdii skull Unlike earlier horses, its teeth were low crowned and contained a single gap behind the front teeth, where the bit horse bit now rests in the modern horse. In addition, it had another grinding tooth, making a total of six. Mesohippus was a browser that fed on tender twigs and fruit. ref name EoDP The cerebral hemisphere, or cranial cavity, was notably larger than that of its predecessors its brain was similar to that of modern horses. Species M. bairdi M. barbouri M. braquistylus M. equiceps M. hypostylus M. intermedius M. latiden ... more details
Refimprove date July 2007 Taxobox name Orohippus fossil range early to middle Eocene ref name range MacFadden, 1998, p.554 ref image Hyracotherium skeleton.JPG image caption Skeleton of Orohippus pumillus at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. status EX status system IUCN2.3 regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Perissodactyla familia Equidae subfamilia Hyracotheriinae genus Orohippus genus authority Othniel Charles Marsh Marsh , 1872 type species Orohippus pumillus subdivision ranks Species ref name species MacFadden, 1998, p.543 ref subdivision O. agilis O. major O. progressus O. proteros O. pumillus O. sylvaticus Orohippus Greek language Gr. , mountain horse is an extinct ancestor of the modern horse that lived in the Eocene about 50 million years ago . Image Knight Orohippus.jpg thumb left Restoration by Charles R. Knight Image Orohippus.jpg thumb left Orohippus skeleton image F John Series 2 Protorohippus card 5.jpg thumb left Restoration It is believed to have evolution evolved from palaeothere s such as Hyracotherium , as the earliest evidence for Orohippus appears about 2 million years after the first appearance of Hyracotherium . The anatomical differences between the two are slight they were the same size, but Orohippus had a slimmer body, a more elongated head, slimmer forelimbs and longer hind legs, all of which are characteristics of a good jumper. The upper premolar s of Orohippus are more molariform flat surfaced than in Hyracotherium , giving Orohippus more teeth for grinding, and the crests on the teeth are more pronounced, indicating that Orohippus probably fed on tougher plants. The outer toes of Hyracotherium are no longer present in Orohippus , hence on each forelimb there were four fingers toes and on each hind leg three toes. Orohippus has also been referred to as Protorohippus . See also portal Paleontology Evolution of the horse Notes reflist References MacFadden, B.J., 1998. Equidae. pp. 537 559 in C.M ... more details
italictitle Taxobox fossil range Fossil range Miocene ref name Salesa04 Salesa, M.J., S nchez, I.M., and Morales, J. 2004. http app.pan.pl acta49 app49 189.pdf Presence of the Asian horse Sinohippus in the Miocene of Europe . Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 49 2 189 196. ref image Anchitherium.jpg image width 250px image caption Anchitherium aurelianense , A. equinum , Merychippus sejunctus , and M. sphenodus fossils in Museum f r Naturkunde, Berlin regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Mammalia ordo Perissodactyla familia Equidae subfamilia Anchitheriinae genus Anchitherium genus authority Christian Erich Hermann von Meyer von Meyer , 1844 type species Anchitherium ezquerrae subdivision ranks Species ref name Salesa04 ref name S nchez98 S nchez, I.M., Salesa, M.J., and Morales, J. 1998. http estudiosgeol.revistas.csic.es index.php estudiosgeol article view 204 205 Revisi n sistem tica del g nero Anchitherium Meyer, 1834 Equidae Perissodactyla en Espa a . Estudios Geol gicos, 55 1 2 1 37 ref ref name Ye05 ref name MacFadden01 subdivision see text Anchitherium meaning near beast was a fossil horse with a three toe d hoof . Anchitherium was a browsing predation browsing leaf eating horse that originated in the early Miocene of North America and subsequently dispersed to Europe and Asia , ref name Ye05 Ye, J., W. Y. Wu, and J. Meng. 2005. http www.ivpp.ac.cn pdf magazine311.pdf Anchitherium Perissodactyla, Mammalia from the Halamagai Formation of Northern Junggar Basin, Xinjiang . Vertebrata Palasiatica, 43 2 100 109 in Chinese with English summary . ref ref name MacFadden01 MacFadden, B.J. 2001. Three toed browsing horse Anchitherium clarencei from the early Miocene Hemingfordian Thomas Farm, Florida. Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History, 43 3 79 109. ref where it gave rise to the larger bodied genus Sinohippus . ref name Salesa04 It was around convert 60 cm hand lk on high at the shoulder, and probably represented a side branch of horse evolution that ... more details
Taxobox name European ass status EX status system image image caption regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Perissodactyla familia Equidae genus Equus genus Equus subgenus Asinus species E. hydruntinus binomial Equus hydruntinus The European ass Equus hydruntinus is an extinct Equus genus equine from the middle and late Pleistocene of Eurasia. It appeared first in the fossil report 300,000 years before present and did not disappear until Holocene times. In the late Pleistocene it was widespread throughout much of western Eurasia from the Middle East to Europe, especially along the Mediterranean , with fossil reports from Sicily , Turkey , Spain , France and Portugal . In the east the range apparently stretched at least to the Volga and to Iran. In the north it reached almost to the North Sea in Germany. It is possible that the Iberian encebro , extinct in the wild from the 16th century, could correspond to the Equus hydruntinus . Morphologically the European ass can be distinguished from African wild ass asses and Asiatic wild ass hemiones particularly by its molar tooth molars and the relatively short nare s. The exact systematic position is still not fully clear, but genetic and morphological analysis suggest that it is closely related to the Asiatic wild ass . ref Ariane Burke, Vera Eisenmann and Graeme K. Ambler The systematic position of Equus hydruntinus , an extinct species of Pleistocene equid . Quaternary Research, Volume 59, Issue 3, May 2003, Pages 459 469. http www.sciencedirect.com science? ob ArticleURL& udi B6WPN 48HXWJH 5& user 616145& rdoc 1& fmt & orig search& sort d&view c& acct C000032322& version 1& urlVersion 0& userid 616145&md5 dfed04e6442a739036f00b3111fe6bf6 online ref ref LUDOVIC ORLANDO, MARYAM MACHKOUR, ARIANE BURKE, CHRISTOPHE J. DOUADY, V RA EISENMANN and CATHERINE H NNI Geographic distribution of an extinct equid Equus hydruntinus Mammalia, Equidae revealed by morphological and genetical analyses of fossils. ... more details
Taxobox name Asses image Equus hemionus kulan.JPG image width 250px regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Perissodactyla familia Equidae genus Equus genus Equus subgenus Asinus subdivision ranks Species subdivision Equus asinus br Equus africanus br Equus hemionus br Equus kiang Asinus , commonly known as asses, is a subgenus of Equus genus Equus that encompasses several species of Equidae characterized by long ears, a lean, straight backed build, a scant tail, and a reputation for considerable toughness and endurance. The common donkey or ass is the best known representative of the subgenus , with both domestication domesticated and feral varieties, ranging in size from the small burro to the horse sized Mammoth Jack and other breed s. There is not a formal cutoff between the terminology donkey and ass, though smaller animals are usually called donkeys and larger animals are asses. Both can be used to create a mule , which is a Hybrid biology hybrid animal produced by a cross of a male donkey and a female horse. Wild asses include a number of truly wild never domesticated species of Asinus that live in Asia and Africa . Taxonomy Genus Equus Subgenus Asinus African Wild Ass , Equus africanus ref cite book title Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference editor Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder publisher Johns Hopkins University Press year 2005 edition 3rd chapter Equus asinus url http www.bucknell.edu msw3 browse.asp?s y&id 14100004 ref ref name Opinion2007 cite journal last International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature year 2003 title Usage of 17 specific names based on wild species which are pre dated by or contemporary with those based on domestic animals Lepidoptera, Osteichthyes, Mammalia conserved. Opinion 2027 Case 3010 . journal Bull.Zool.Nomencl. volume 60 issue 1 pages 81 84 url http www.nhm.ac.uk hosted sites iczn BZNMar2003opinions.htm format Summary ref Nubian Wild Ass , Equus africanus africanus Somali Wild ... more details
Taxobox name Sifrhippus fossil range Early Eocene regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Mammalia ordo Perissodactyla familia Equidae genus Sifrhippus genus authority Froehlich, 2002 binomial Sifrhippus sandrae binomial authority Gingerich, 1989 synonyms Hyracotherium sandrae Sifrhippus is an extinct , monotypic genus of equidae equid containing the sole species Sifrhippus sandrae . Sifrhippus is the oldest equid known from North America, and its fossils come from the earliest Eocene of the Bighorn Basin , Wyoming . ref name Gingerich89 cite journal author Gingerich, P.D. year 1989 title New earliest Wasatchian mammalian fauna from the Eocene of northwestern Wyoming composition and diversity in a rarely sampled high floodplain assemblage journal University of Michigan Papers on Paleontology volume 28 issue pages 1 97 id hdl 2027.42 48628 ref ref name Froehlich cite journal author Froehlich, D.J. year 2002 title Quo vadis eohippus? The systematics and taxonomy of the early Eocene equids Perissodactyla journal Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society volume 134 issue 2 pages 141 256 doi 10.1046 j.1096 3642.2002.00005.x ref Description Sifrhippus was a very small equid the size of a house cat, varying from convert 12 to 8.5 lb kg abbr off lk on , the size variance, according to one theory, depending on the warmth of the climate. ref cite news url http www.nytimes.com 2012 02 24 science sifrhippus the first horse got even tinier as the planet heated up.html newspaper The New York Times title A Tiny Horse That Got Even Tinier as the Planet Heated Up first James last Gorman date 23 February 2012 ref ref name Gingerich89 Sifrhippus sandrae is referred to in earlier literature as Hyracotherium sandrae , but Froehlich, arguing that the traditional genus Hyracotherium was not monophyletic , reassigned many of its species to other genera, and re using the old name Eohippus , for one. Froehlich give H. sandrae the new genus generic name Sifrhippus , derived from the Arabic l ... more details
Taxobox name Parahippus leonensis fossil range Fossil range Miocene regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Mammalia ordo Herbivore familia Equidae subfamilia Anchitheriinae genus Parahippus species P. leonensis species authority Sellards, 1916 binomial Parahippus leonensis Parahippus leonensis is an extinct proto horse of the family Equidae that was endemic to North America during the Miocene from 23.030 16.3 Annum Ma living for approximately Mya 23.03 16.3 million years . ref http paleodb.org cgi bin bridge.pl?action checkTaxonInfo&taxon no 49839&is real user 1 Paleobiology Database Parahippus leonensis basic info ref Parahippus leonensis was named for Leon or more specifically Leon County, Florida . ref http www.flmnh.ufl.edu ponyexpress pony1 2 Pe12.htm Florida Museum of Natural History Ponyexpress ref Taxonomy Parahippus leonensis was named by Sellards 1916 . Its type specimen is FGS 5084. Its type locality is Griscom Plantation site , which is in a Miocene marine limestone in the Torreya Formation of Florida. It was recombined as Hippodon leonensis by Quinn 1955 it was considered a nomen dubium by Macdonald 1992 . ref J. R. Macdonald. 1992. An analysis of the types of 147 named horse species and subspecies. Dakoterra 4 44 48 ref Morphology Body mass Two specimens were examined by M. Mendoza, C. M. Janis, and P. Palmqvist for body mass . ref M. Mendoza, C. M. Janis, and P. Palmqvist. 2006. Estimating the body mass of extinct ungulates a study on the use of multiple regression. Journal of Zoology 270 1 90 101 ref The results were Specimen 1 Convert 123.7 kg lb abbr on sigfig 2 Specimen 2 Convert 48.7 kg lb abbr on sigfig 2 Origin Parahippus leonensis was the next step in evolution after Miohippus . Parahippus means side horse and has been called the evolutionary link between the older forest dwelling horses and modern plain s dwelling graze rs. It is believed to be a close relative to the group from which modern horses evolved. ref http www.bbhc.org unbrokenSpi ... more details
italictitle Taxobox fossil range fossilrange 16.3 4.9 small Barstovian to Late Hemphillian small ref name PBDBastrohippus http paleodb.org cgi bin bridge.pl?action checkTaxonInfo&taxon no 42989&is real user 1 The Paleobiology Database 1 21 09 ref regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Mammalia ordo Perissodactyla familia Equidae subfamilia Equinae tribus Equini genus Astrohippus genus authority Quinn, 1955 subdivision ranks Species subdivision Astrohippus ansae Astrohippus stockii syn. A. albidens synonyms Astrohippus is an extinct member of the Equidae Tribe biology tribe Equini, the same tribe that contains the only living equid genus, Equus genus Equus . Fossil remains have been found in the central United States , Florida , and the Mexico Mexican states of Chihuahua state Chihuahua , Jalisco , and Guanajuato . The fossils date in time from the oldest dating from the Barstovian in the Miocene to the youngest dating in the Hemphillian faunal stage of the early Pliocene . ref name PBDBastrohippus Based on study of the tooth morphology it is considered unlikely that Astrohippus could be an ancestor of modern horse s, with the most likely ancestor of Astrohippus being Pliohippus . ref name MacFadden84 MacFadden, B. J. 1984 . Astrohippus and Dinohippus . J. Vert. Paleon . 4 2 273 283. ref The species A. ansae was originally described by W.D. Matthew and R.A. Stirton based on several cheek teeth found in the Coffee Ranch quarry , Hemphill County , Texas . This quarry has produced the remains of six other equid genera including Dinohippus and Nannippus . ref name PBDCoffee http paleodb.org cgi bin bridge.pl?action displayCollectionDetails&collection no 18097&is real user 1 Coffee Ranch Quarry at the Paleobiology Database 1 2109 ref A. stockii was described from the Yepomera locality in Chihuahua, Mexico, by J.F. Lance in 1950 as Pliohippus stockii . ref name PBDBastrohippus The species was moved to Astrohippus five years later by Quinn. ref name PBDBastrohippus The sp ... more details
Taxobox fossil range Mid Miocene to Pleistocene ref name EoDP , Fossil range 23 0.781 image Hipparion.jpg image width image caption Hipparion skeleton regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Mammalia ordo Perissodactyla familia Equidae genus Hipparion genus authority De Christol, 1832 subdivision ranks Species subdivision H. concudense H. crassum H. dietrichi H. fissurae H. forcei H. gromovae H. laromae H. longipes H. macedonicum H. matthewi H. mediterraneum H. molayanense H. periafricanum H. rocinantis H. sellardsi H. shirleyae H. tehonense Image Hipparion3.jpg thumb left 260px Painting of Hipparion . File Hipparion gracile MNHN1.jpg thumb right Skull of Hipparion gracile . File Hipparion primigenius 01.jpg thumb right Skeleton of Hipparion primigenius . Hipparion Greek, pony is an extinct genus of horse living in North America , Asia , Europe , and Africa during the Miocene through Pleistocene 23 Mya unit Mya 781,000 years ago, existing for Mya 23.0 0.781 million years genus including species . Hipparion sp. 12.7 Ma 781,000 existed for approximately Mya 12.7 0.781 million years . Its habitat or biome would be that of non forested, grassy plain s, shortgrass prairie or steppe s. Taxonomy Hipparion was named by de Christol 1832 with it assigned the type European H. prostylum . It was assigned to Equidae by de Christol 1832 , Thurmond and Jones 1981 and Carroll 1988 and to Hipparionini by MacFadden 1998 . ref J. T. Thurmond and D. E. Jones. 1981. Fossil Vertebrates of Alabama 1 244 ref ref R. L. Carroll. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution. W. H. Freeman and Company, New York 1 698 ref ref B. J. MacFadden. 1998. Equidae. In C. M. Janis, K. M. Scott, and L. L. Jacobs eds. , Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America 1 537 559 ref Morphology Hipparion resembled the modern horse, but still had three vestigal organ vestigal outer toes in addition to its claw hoof . These did not touch the ground. Hipparion was about convert 1.4 m hand lk out tall at the shou ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Miohippus ref name McK&B cite book author McKenna, M. C, and S. K. Bell year 1997 title Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level publisher Columbia University Press isbn 023111012X ref fossil range late Eocene to early Miocene . image Miohippus.jpg image caption Miohippus Fossil skull regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Mammalia ordo Perissodactyla familia Equidae subfamilia Anchitheriinae genus Miohippus genus authority Othniel Charles Marsh Marsh , 1874 subdivision ranks Species subdivision See text Miohippus meaning small horse was a genus of prehistoric horse existing longer than most Equidae . Miohippus lived in what is now North America during the Oligocene approximately 32 25 million years ago. While descending genera of this species lived during the Miocene period, the Miohippus was a horse of the Oligocene. According to the Florida Museum of Natural History, Othniel Charles Marsh first believed Miohippus lived during the Miocene and thus named the genus using this incorrect conclusion. More recent research provides evidence that Miohippus actually lived during the Oligocene. Miochippus species are commonly referred to as the three toed horses . citation needed date December 2011 Their range was from Alberta, Canada to Florida to California . Taxonomy File Miohippus fossils.jpeg thumb right Fossils, University of California Museum of Paleontology Miohippus was named by Othniel Charles Marsh Marsh in 1874 and its type is Miohippus annectens . It was assigned to Equidae by Marsh in 1874. It was synonymized subjectively with Mesohippus by William Diller Matthew Matthew in 1899. It was assigned again by Oliver Perry Hay Hay 1902 , Henry Fairfield Osborn H. F. Osborn in 1918, ref H. F. Osborn. 1918. Geological Society America Bulletin 29. ref Hay 1930 , Stirton 1940 and Carroll 1988 and to Anchitheriinae by MacFadden in 1998. ref B. J. MacFadden. 1998. Equidae. In C. M. Janis, K. M. Scott, and L. L. Jacobs eds. , Evolution ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Image Silz cheval2.jpg thumb A horse with a long, thick forelock The forelock or foretop is a part of a horse s mane horse mane , that grows from the animal s Poll horse poll and falls forward between the ears and onto the forehead. Some breeds, particularly pony breeds, have a naturally thick forelock, while other breeds, such as many Thoroughbred s, have a thinner forelock. Primitive wild equines such as the Przewalski s horse with a naturally short, upright mane generally have no hair falling forward onto the forehead. Other equus genus equidae such as donkey s and zebra s, have no discernable forelock at all. Purpose Little research has been published on the purpose of the forelock. However, the thick forelock is more prevalent in breeds developed in the cold, wet climates of northern Europe and is minimal on wild horse subspecies and other equine species adapted to hot, dry climates, such as the zebra or donkey. It tends to be fine and thin on many oriental horse breeds, even if they otherwise have long manes and tails. Thus, it may play a role in temperature regulation. Grooming In competition the forelock is braided for some events, such as those in the dressage and hunt seat disciplines. Conversely, some breeds, such as the Andalusian horse Andalusian , are usually shown with a long, full, forelock that is never braided. Other breeds may confine the forelock with rubber bands and anchor it to the bridle .The forelock may also be mane horse roached shaved off in some competitions, such as polo . Human use Forelock is slang for a human hair style popular in the 1980s. In the 19th century, it was a common salute where a person saluted another by tugging the forelock see Salute . See also Mane horse Tail horse Horsehair Category Horse anatomy Horse stub ... more details
The following is a list of animals that are or have been commonly raised in captivity for consumption by people. style width 100 style vertical align top width 33 Bovine s American bison As livestock American Bison Carabao Cattle Water Buffalo Yak Domesticated yaks Domesticated Yak Camelids Llama Camel Canid s Dog meat Dog Kur Poi dog Nureongi Xoloitzcuintle Capra genus Capra e goats Goat meat Domestic Goat Felidae Cat meat Domestic Cat Equidae Equines Horse meat Horse Lagomorph s Domestic rabbit Meat rabbits Rabbit Marsupial s Kangaroo meat Kangaroo Ovis sheep Sheep As food Domestic sheep Rodent s Guinea pig As food Guinea pig Dormouse Coypu Nutria Suidae swine Domestic pig Food Domestic pig Venison Cervidae Reindeer Reindeer husbandry Reindeer style vertical align top width 33 Bird s Chicken Domestic duck Domestic goose Domestic turkey Japanese Quail Ostrich Hunting and farming Ostrich Emu Economic value Emu Domesticated guineafowl Squab food Domestic Pigeon Amphibia ns Edible Frog Fish Catfish Aquaculture Catfish Carp Aquaculture Carp Salmon Aquaculture Salmon Insect s Chapulines Maguey worm Mopane worm Farming and economics Mopane worm Silkworm Crustacean s Shrimp Farming Shrimp Prawn Economic importance Prawn s Mollusk s Oyster Cultivating oysters Oyster Mussel Aquaculture Mussel Heliciculture Snail Reptile s Alligator Crocodile Common snapping turtle Soft shelled turtle Softshell turtles as food Soft shelled turtle Other Chinese softshell turtle Animal Husbandry Chinese softshell turtle See also Game food Category Lists of animals Meat Category Meat Category Lists of foods Meat animals it Animali da carne ... more details
MoS Disambiguation prefer ONE LINK per entry, short descriptions. Avoid piping, external links, and red links with little article potential wiktionarypar Dun Dun may refer to Dun, a brownish grey colour. Dun, to make a demand for payment Dun , a type of fort Dun gene , producing a brownish gray color in horses and other equidae Dun and Bradstreet A business credit reporting agency Places Dun, Angus , a civil parish in Scotland Dun, Ari ge , a commune in southern France Dun le Po lier , a commune in central France D n, St Kilda , an island off Scotland House of Dun , a Scottish estate The D n , a range of hills in Thuringia, Germany Dun or Doon valley lang hi in the Sivalik hills of northern India Rivers River Dun disambiguation People Angus Dun 1892 1971 , American clergyman and author Dennis Dun born 1952 , a Chinese American actor Edwin Dun 1848 1931 , American agriculturalist Tan Dun born 1957 , Chinese composer William Sutherland Dun 1868 1934 , Australian palaeontologist and geologist The Consort Dun 1746 1806 , Chinese imperial consort DUN may refer to Data Universal Numbering System , a unique numeric identifier for businesses Subimago , a stage in the life cycle of mayflies, or an artificial fly tied to imitate one. Dial up Internet access Dial up Networking , a dialed connection to the Internet via public telephone lines Dial up Networking, a component of Microsoft Windows responsible for dial up communications Bluetooth profile Dial up Networking Profile DUN Dial up networking , a Bluetooth computer communications profile Dewan Undangan Negeri , the legislative assemblies of Malaysian states See also Dunn disambig ca Dun de Dun Begriffskl rung eo DUN fr Dun it DUN nl Dun no Dun andre betydninger ... more details
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