Infobox Ethnic group group Estonians br eestlased image Image 00Estonians.png caption Lydia Koidula , Kristjan ... Finnish paganism related Baltic Finns Estonians lang et eestlased are a Finnic people closely ... as one of the Baltic states Baltic countries , Estonians are linguistically unrelated to the Baltic ... in the same area for more than 5000 years would put the ancestors of Estonians among the oldest permanent ... . Proto Estonians as well as other speakers of the Finnish language group were also called Chud ... By the 18th century the self denomination lang et eestlane spread among Estonians along with the older ... identifying themselves as Estonians, including Friedrich Robert Faehlmann 1798 1850 , Kristjan Jaak ... to treat the Estonians as a nationality equal to others and became a source of inspiration for the Estonian .... However, in the middle of the century, the Estonians became more ambitious and started leaning ... extent, the neighbouring Young Latvians Latvian national movement . By the end of 1860 the Estonians ... Estonians have strong ties to the Nordic countries stemming from important cultural and religious ... post communist transition . Tartu Tartu University Press, 1997. ref Indeed, Estonians consider themselves ... Treaty of Tartu Russian Estonian peace treaty , ethnic Estonians residing in Russia gained the option ... to the motherland. The number of Estonians living in Russia in 1920 is estimated to have been 40,000 ... Estonians were subject to the deportations organised by the Soviet regime and the Soviet mass immigration ... Parish T stamaa 8. Halinga Parish P rnu Jaagupi Since 1991 Estonians became the majority nation ... During World War II , when Estonia was invaded by the Soviet Army in 1944, large numbers of Estonians ... the nation regained its independence in 1991. Over the years of independence, increasing numbers of Estonians ... various measures to both increase the birth rate and to lure the migrant Estonians back to Estonia ... of Estonians who have particular skills needed in Estonia. Estonians in Canada The largest permanent ... more details
Use mdy dates date October 2011 Citations missing date July 2008 Infobox Ethnic group group Ludza Estonians image File South Estonian language area.jpg 250px caption Southern Estonian language area, Ludza Estonians in eastern corner of Latvia population possibly none regions flag Latvia languages Estonian language Estonian , Latvian language Latvian religions Catholic related other Finnic peoples The Ludza Estonians in Ludza dialect of the Estonian language Estonian Lutsi maarahvas Lutsi Estonians , in Latvian language Latvian Ludzas igau i were a group of ethnic Estonians living in near Ludza , south eastern Latvia . History Most of the Ludza Estonians probably moved into the area in the 17th century during the Great Northern War , but the settlement may have originated earlier. Throughout the era of feudalism , when life was mostly confined to one s near environment, this ethnic group retained its Estonian identity and ethnographic features. Ludza Estonians were originally Lutheranism Lutherans , but became Catholics and had close contacts with neighbouring Latgalians and Belarusians . As long as the church ceremonies and confessions were held in Estonian, the people had little need to speak Latvian language Latvian or Belarusian language Belarusian . Nevertheless, the local Latgalian language Latgalian dialect of Latvian, Belarusian and Russian were spoken to a certain extent in the areas were those people were their neighbours. In manor house manor s, Polish language Polish was heard in Latgale , it was the administrative language at the time . Language By the 19th century the church had become Latvianised and Russian had become the official language and lingua franca . According to Oskar Kallas , who made a studying trip to area in 1893, there were 4,387 Ludza Estonians ... to have perished. The dialect spoken by Ludza Estonians, was closely related to eastern V ro language ... Estonians had reportedly some difficulties to understand standard Estonian. Sources and links Paul ... more details
Orphan date April 2010 Infobox Ethnic group group Gauja Estonians image File South Estonian language area.jpg 250px caption Southern Estonian language area, Gauja Estonians in north eastern corner of Latvia population none regions Flag Latvia languages Estonian language Estonian , Latvian language Latvian religions lutheran church Lutheran related other Finnic peoples Gauja Estonians in Estonian Koiva maarahvas were Estonians who lived along Gauja river in Latvia . History Gauja Estonians are most likely native to their homelands. There are mentions of Chudes living in Adzele county from 12th century Russian sources. Later there are mentions of them living in Gauja river area. According to August Wilhelm Hupel s book Topographische Nachrichten von Lief und Ehstland there were about thousand Estonians in 1777. Anders Johan Sj gren claimed that there were 2,600 Gauja Estonians in 1849. Heikki Ojansuu counted only 116 when he made a trip to area in 1911. According to Ojansuu s theory, Gauja Estonians were refugees of Great Northern War from Southern Estonia, but today this theory has been largely abandoned. According to Harri Moora and Paul Ariste Gauja Estonians were original inhabitants of their homelands. ref name SZ Seppo Zerterberg Viro, Historia, kansa, kulttuuri Helsinki Suomalaisen kirjallisuuden seura 1995 Finnish ref Language Last known speaker of local dialect, Anton Bok, died on April 20, 1988 ref name SZ . The dialect was similar to those spoken in Southern Estonia, more accurately to southern Estonian subdialect of Hargla. It had some grammatical and phonological loans from Latvian language and possibly some from Livonian language Livonian . ref sten Dahl ,Maria Koptjevskaja Tamm The Circum Baltic Languages Grammar and typology , http books.google.fi books?id T0eQwnLnSX0C&pg PA418&lpg PA418&dq 22Koiva maarahvas 22&source bl&ots wmnvrJ50Jb&sig JtMUAefqTnu7JKeAugeUQyLYYtQ&hl fi&ei myZ3S XoO9W QaU5djqBQ&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 3&ved 0CBAQ6AEwAg ... more details
Wikland born 1930 , illustrator Sweden DEFAULTSORT List Of Estonians Category Estonian people List of Estonians Category Lists of people by nationality Estonia Category Lists of Estonian people id ... more details
Wiktionary Estonian may refer to Something of, from, or related to Estonia , a country in the Baltic region in northern Europe Estonians people from Estonia, or of Estonian descent For more information about the Estonian people, see Demographics of Estonia and Culture of Estonia . For specific persons, see List of Estonians The Estonian language See also Languages of Estonia Estonian cuisine disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ar it Estone ... more details
Yestonians lang et jeestlased, jeestlane was the derogatory epithet for Estonians brought from Russia to Estonia after World War II to staff the political structures of the Soviet Estonia with loyal cadre. The term is related to the heavy Russian accent of these people, for many of whom their mother language was second language ref name laar War in the woods Estonia s struggle for survival, 1944 1956 ,by Mart Laar , 1992, ISBN 0929590082, http books.google.com books?id YxfYHYaHsdoC&pg PA41&dq yestonian&cd 2 v onepage&q &f false pp. 40, 41 ref Specifically, the correct Estonian words for Estonians are eestlased , eestlane , and the term derides the Russian accent linguistics accent for the first vowel of the word et Eesti Eesti Estonia as in the word wikt yes yes , rather than similar to the one in end . As Mart Laar wrote, in 1946 the Communist Party of Estonia comprised 52 Russians , 27 of local Estonians and 21 of Yestonians . Moscow distrusted local communists, and by 1952 the upper echelons of CPE had eventually become occupied by Russians and Yestonians. ref name laar During the Khrushchev Thaw the number of ethnic Estonians in CPE gradually increased, especially in lower echelons, but still in 1966, the CPE Central Committee had only about 27 of local Estonians. ref name mt Another demographic distinction between native and Russian Estonians was age. In hopes for gaining more autonomy within the Soviet Union, around 1956 many young Estonians joined CPE, while Yestonians were mostly of older generation. ref name mt While some of them tried to re acculturize, such as Ivan Kebin, who renamed himself to Johannes K bin and notably improved his command of Estonian, most others remained Russian by culture and language. ref name mt The Baltic States, years of dependence, 1940 1990 , by Romuald J. Misiunas, Rein Taagepera, 1993, ISBN 0520082281, http books.google.com books?id piLpC4EEtzQC&pg PA149&dq yestonians&cd 4 v onepage&q yestonians&f false p. 149 ref References reflist ... more details
From the religious movements of Eastern origin that reached Estonia, beginning from the end of the 1980s, first and foremost were the ones inspired by Hinduism and Buddhism. Hinduism and Buddhism were registered in the 1990s. Population of Hindus as per 2000 Census The 2000 census of Estonia showed 138 Hindus in Estonia. This includes under the name Hindu 90 people including 54 Estonians and under Hare Krishna 48 including 22 Estonians http www.erm.ee pdf pro14 plaat.pdf See also Hinduism in Lithuania Hinduism in Latvia Hinduism in Russia Hinduism by country Hinduism in Europe Category Hinduism by country Estonia Category Hinduism in Europe Estonia Category Religion in Estonia Estonia stub Hinduism stub ... more details
CHUD or chud could refer to Chud , a Russian word for ancient Estonians C.H.U.D. , a 1984 horror film C.H.U.D. II Bud the C.H.U.D. , a 1989 sequel to C.H.U.D. Chud Lake Battle of Chud Lake CHUD Tools , a set of software tools to measure software performance on Mac OS X Dr. Chud , drummer for punk rock band Misfits The Ritual of Ch d , is a part of the 1986 novel It novel It by Stephen King disambig it Chud ... more details
Orphan date September 2008 Urmas Alas is a prolific Estonians Estonian science fiction writer.Urmus is best known for writing of Plahvatus in 1997 External links http www.obs.ee cgi bin w3 msql sfbiblio otsing.html?aid 187 Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Alas, Urmas ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Alas, Urmas Category Estonian science fiction writers Category Living people Estonia writer stub et Urmas Alas ... more details
Infobox Military Conflict conflict Livonian Crusade image caption date 1210 place just south from Valmiera , Latvia result Estonian tribes victory combatant1 Image Cross livonia.png 13px Livonian Brothers of the Sword Sword Brothers combatant2 Estonians commander1 ? commander2 ? strength1 Unknown strength2 Unknown casualties1 Heavy casualties casualties2 Low casualties Battle of mera lang et mera lahing , lang lv Kauja pie Imeras recorded by Henry of Livonia was fought near Valmiera lang et Volmari on the mera river in 1210 , during the Livonian Crusade between Estonians and Crusaders. The Estonians won the battle. ref cite book title Estonia Identity and Independence last Subrena first Jean Jacques authorlink coauthors year 2004 publisher Rodopi location isbn 9042008903 pages 301 url http books.google.com books?id ZVhpAAAAMAAJ&q Umera&pgis 1 search ref The Estonian troops moved across the Gauja Koiva river and stopped at its tributary the next day for an ambush. The chasing Livonians and Latgalians assumed that their enemy was escaping with their head over heels which also had been confirmed by their scouts. The German squad was moving in front with the Livonians and Latgalians behind them. The hidden Estonians in the forest around mera charged the enemy unexpectedly. The attack was a success. Many Germans, Livonians and Latgalians were killed. The Germans had tried to regroup around their banner, but as soon as their reinforcements escaped, they too fled the battlefield. The Estonians chased them and some were captured and killed on the scene. According to the Livonian Chronicle , out of 14 prisoners some were burned alive and others had been made a cross on their backs with a sword before executing them as well. A victory over the Livonian Order was a huge morale booster for the Estonians. A message of this feat was sent to all counties and they promised to be as one heart and one soul against the Christian name . ref cite book title Eesti ajalugu 1. osa last ... more details
no lead date December 2010 Infobox Military Conflict conflict Livonian Crusade image caption date 1211 place Turaida , Latvia result Crusaders victory combatant1 Image Cross livonia.png 13px Livonian Brothers of the Sword Sword Brothers combatant2 Estonians commander1 ? commander2 ? strength1 Unknown strength2 Unknown casualties1 Low casualties casualties2 Heavy casualties By summer of 1211 , a larger military plan had been made by Estonia n counties whose objective was to capture the stronghold held by Caupo of Turaida and thereafter attack Riga . Estonian troops from the mainland and the Oeselians Oeselian fleet arrived accordingly on an appointed date at the stronghold of Turaida . The stronghold was surrounded and the attack began. The besiegers promised to keep attacking until they either take the stronghold or the Livonians inside agree to join the Estonians for the attack on Riga. Soon after, a large Germany German reinforcement army arrived from Riga with whom a fierce battle began. The Livonian and German crossbowmen from the stronghold also charged out to join the attack. The Estonian forces were caught between to enemy forces, which made them fall back. They regrouped on a hill between the stronghold and the Gauja Koiva river . The battle lasted from morning to night, and eventually the Estonians were forced to surrender and agree to being baptism baptized . At night, however, they secretly tried to escape to the sea along the Koiva using their ships. Unfortunately for them, the Germans had built a bridge with towers on the river, where they fired upon the fleeing Estonians with spears and arrows. The next night the Estonians left their ships and broke away using the roads on the mainland. The Estonian losses were heavy, which was further ellaborated in the Chronicle of Livonia . Approximately 2000 were killed with nearly the same amount of captured horses and over 300 ships captured as well. These are most likely exaggerations. ref cite book title Eesti ... more details
By the 18th century the self denomination eestlane along with the older maarahvas spread among Estonians ... identifying themselves as Estonian people Estonians , including Friedrich Robert Faehlmann 1798 1850 ... German Estophile, was the first author to treat the Estonians as a nationality equal to others ... world before the middle of the 19th century. However, in the middle of the century the Estonians ... festival in 1869. By the end of the 1860s the Estonians became unwilling to remain reconciled with German ... in most parts of the Empire , with equal representation for Estonians and Baltic Germans and administrative ... in 1891. According to the 1897 census , the Estonians had the second highest literacy rate in the Russian ..., 1992. ISBN 3 406 47573 6 ref The cities became Estonicized quickly, and in 1897 ethnic Estonians ... swept through Estonia, the Estonians called for freedom of the press and Freedom of assembly assembly ... between 1905 and 1917 allowed Estonians to advance the aspiration of national statehood. Following ... . N.Y. Bookman Associates, 1963. Raun, Toivo U. Estonia and the Estonians . 2nd ed. Stanford, CA Hoover ... more details
merge Battle of Otep date October 2010 Infobox Military Conflict conflict Livonian Crusade image caption date February 1217 place Otep , Estonia coordinates coord 58 03 27 N 26 30 17 E display title result Estonian victory combatant1 Livonian Order combatant2 Estonians br Russians commander1 ? commander2 ? strength1 Unknown strength2 ca 20 000 casualties1 Heavy casualties casualties2 Low casualties Battle of Otep was a battle during the Livonian Crusade in 1217 . ref Toivo Miljan, Historical Dictionary of Estonia , Scarecrow Press 2004, ISBN 0810849046 ref The battle ended with a victory for the Estonians and Russians. In February 1217 a large Russian force along with Estonians arrived at Otep to besiege it. The number of the besiegers is said to have reached 20 000 men. Because the stronghold was located on a very well defended hill, the siege lasted for 17 days. The Germans sent 3000 men from Riga headed by the master of the order to relieve the trapped German force in Otep . Near the stronghold they met the Estonian and Russian forces in battle. The Germans managed to get into the stronghold but with very heavy casualties. The situation became very difficult for them. The long siege decreased the people s food and fodder to the minimum. The horses were said to have eaten the horsetails off each other. On the third day after the German relief army had arrived the stronghold, the negotiations started. Based on the peace they made, the Germans had to leave not only from Otep but from all of Estonia. It was the greatest defeat for the Germans in the Livonian Crusade . References reflist DEFAULTSORT Otepaa 1217, Battle Of Category Battles of the Livonian Crusade Category Battles involving Estonia Category 1217 in Europe Category Battles involving the Livonian Order Category Conflicts in 1217 Category Otep Parish Russia battle stub Estonia stub et Otep lahing lv Kauja pie Otep 1217 ... more details
Infobox military conflict conflict Battle of C sis 1210 partof Livonian Crusade place C sis , Latvia date 1210 result Estonian retreat combatant1 Counties of Ancient Estonia combatant2 Livonian Brothers of the Sword Sword Brethren , vends br Livonians br Latgalians strength1 ? strength2 ? casualties1 ? casualties2 Heavy casualties The Battle of Cesis was fought between native Estonian forces and the Germanic knights known as the Livonian Brothers of the Sword and their allies during the Livonian Crusade . In 1210 the Estonian counties launched several raids on the strongholds in Latvia , guarded by the Livonian Brothers of the Sword Sword Brethren . A large number of Estonian troops began besieging the stronghold of C sis , which had become a very important strongpoint for the Livonian Order. The Estonians attempted to set the stronghold on fire by building a large turret . Attacking from above and below, the defenders were put in a difficult situation. The stronghold was attacked for three days and the defenders probabaly wouldn t have been able to keep defending it, if on the fourth day the besiegers hadn t unexpectedly left. The Estonians had received a message from their scouts that a large number of enemy troops was heading towards C sis to relieve the army trapped inside the stronghold. Without waiting for the whole relief army, the besieged troops began chasing the retreating Estonian army with some of the newly arrived Livonians and Latgalians. ref cite book title Eesti ajalugu 1. osa last M esalu first Ain authorlink coauthors year 1997 publisher Avita location isbn 9985200438 pages 168 url http www.raamatukoi.ee cgi bin raamat?277 ref In the Battle of mera which followed, the Estonians turned on their pursuers and soundly defeated them. References reflist coord missing Latvia Category C sis Category 1210 in Europe Category Battles of the Livonian Crusade Category Battles involving Estonia Category Battles involving the Livonian Order Category Conflicts in ... more details
Infobox Military Conflict conflict Battle of Lehola partof the Livonian Crusade image caption date 1215 place L havere , Estonia result Crusaders victory combatant1 Image Cross livonia.png 13px Livonian Brothers of the Sword Sword Brothers combatant2 Estonians commander1 Volkwin commander2 Lembitu strength1 Unknown strength2 Unknown casualties1 Unknown casualties2 Unknown The Battle of Lehola was fought in 1215 between the Livonian Brothers of the Sword , a crusading military order , and the Estonians . In the spring of 1215, a German force with their allies raided the Sakala County . The plundering, however, was done in the northern section of the county. Afterwards, the crusader army besieged the stronghold of L havere Leole that belonged to the elder Lembitu . The Estonian forces inside the stronghold confronted the enemy and gave them a big scare . The besiegers nevertheless managed to light the stronghold on the third day. The Estonians weren t able to put the fire out and were forced to come out and surrender. During the christening, however, the German army invaded the stronghold and robbed everything that could be robbed . Lembitu along with other elders were taken with the Germans, but were released soon after receiving the elders sons as hostages. ref cite book title Eesti ajalugu 1. osa last M esalu first Ain authorlink coauthors year 1997 publisher Avita location isbn 9985200438 pages 168 url http www.raamatukoi.ee cgi bin raamat?277 ref References reflist coord missing Estonia Category Battles of the Livonian Crusade Category Battles involving Estonia Category 1215 in Europe Category Battles involving the Livonian Order Category Conflicts in 1215 Category Suure Jaani Parish et Lehola lahing lv Karag jieni uz Ridalu un Sakalu 1215 ... more details
no attempt to stop Jaanip ev celebrations. For Estonians, however, Jaanip ev remained tied to Estonia ..., therefore, always reminded Estonians of their independence in the past, despite Soviet attempts ... more details
, the Estonians attacked the Danes near the castle, right after suppertime. They advanced from five ... was killed by the Estonians, who thought he was the king. The Danes were saved by their Wends ... the crusaders time to regroup, and the Estonians were routed. Dannebrog File Anders Sunesen.jpg right ..., the Flag of Denmark Dannebrog , fell from the sky and gave them renewed hope. As the Estonians attacked .... As Archbishop Sunesen became exhausted, he eventually had to lower his arms, and the Estonians were ... more details
Infobox language name Estonian Sign Language nativename ESL states Estonia region speakers 4,500 date 1998 familycolor sign family influenced by Russian Sign Language Russian Sign iso3 eso Estonian Sign Language ESL , lang et Eesti viipekeel is the national sign language of Estonia . In 1998 there were about 4,500 signers out of a deaf population of 2000 and a hearing impaired population ten times that number. It is widespread in the cities of Tallinn and P rnu among deaf ethnic Estonians deaf Russian Estonians in Tallinn use Russian Sign Language , Russians outside Tallinn tend to use a Russian&ndash Estonian Sign Language pidgin, or may be bilingual. In its formative stages, Estonian Sign Language was influenced by Russian and Finnish Sign Language for example, the ESL sign for butterfly developed from the Finnish sign for bird . There are several dialects, the most archaic of which is the P rnu variety. Like other sign languages, ESL is influenced by the local spoken language. For instance, some signs are based on fingerspelling the first letter of an Estonian word, as in the sign for restoran restaurant . Instruction for parents of deaf children is available in Tallinn. Teaching and research began in 1990 at Tartu University . sign language navigation Category Estonian language Category Sign languages Category Swedish Sign Language family Category French Sign Language family pt L ngua de sinais estoniana ... more details
Please talk in the talk page before you want to put any deletion tag Chukhna , Chukhnas , Chukhontsy singular Chukhonets male , Chukhonka female is an obsolete Russian language Russian term for some Finnic peoples Finns , Estonians , Karelians , Ingrian Finns . It is thought to be a derivative from the ethnonym chud . ref A direct reference is cited http books.google.com books?id mqKrB5 6EtsC&pg PA306&dq chukhna&cd 7 v onepage&q chukhna&f false here ref The 18th century Linguarum totius orbis vocabularia comparativa of Peter Simon Pallas has a vocabulary of the Chukhna language . Vladimir Dahl , in his Explanatory Dictionary of the Live Great Russian language , records its a reference to Finns in the vicinity of St. Petersburg . ref cite encyclopedia encyclopedia author . title edition 6th publisher . . . , 1955 volume IV location . page 429 url http slovardalja.net word.php?wordid 40483 ref In modern usage, the words are considered ethnic slurs for Finns and Estonians . In the 2002 Russian Census , 15 persons described themselves as Chukhontsy . References reflist 30em Ethnic slurs Category Ethnic and religious slurs Category Russian words and phrases et T uhnaa ru fi T uhna ... more details
Estonians ref name SN118 cite book title Danish Medieval History & Saxo Grammaticus last Skyum Nielsen ... all the churches and the huts of the monks. After the initial success, Estonians elected four kings ... siege on the city with 10,000 men. In the first battle under Tallinn the Estonians were victorious .... ref name Vahtre, Sulev 1960. p. 79 Spread of the rebellion A few days later, the Estonians in the province .... Burchard von Dreileben, the Livonian Master, sent one Brother to the Estonians who knew ... all the Germans. He also promised to redress the past wrongs and establish good relations with the Estonians .... 81. Tallinn Eesti Riiklik Kirjastus. ref Estonians sent their four kings to Weissenstein accompanied by three squires. Estonians also let the bishop of Reval to pass through the rebel held territory ... attack a camp of 500 Estonians in Ravila . On May 4, the two side sat down for talks. The Livonian ... was intercepted by the German cavalry. In the ensuing Battle of Kanavere on 11 May 1343, Estonians ... to the Estonians, apparently agreeing to the idea of vassalage without landlords. Estonians accepted ... to be avenged and the Estonians deserved no mercy. On 14 May 1343, the Germans attacked and Estonians ... not able to complete this maneuver and in the battle that followed 3,000 Estonians were killed. According to the chronicle, individual Estonians who had pretended to be dead in their desperation tried ... The Master of the Order and the magistrates of Tallinn learned from a captured German deserter that the Estonians ... around Reval before sailing back to Finland . The Estonians had also tried to find allies in Russia ... of the Order to Rotalia in order to break the siege of Hapsal. The Estonians retreated from the city ... Bartholom us Hoeneke also tells a story about Estonians plotting to get inside the castle of Viljandi ... in 1943 to pit Estonians against Germans. The uprising is also a popular subject for debate among Estonian ... more details
J ri Kerem April 24, 1943, Tallinn , Estonia September 8, 1993 was a talented Estonians Estonian caricature caricaturist and portrait ist. External links http www.hot.ee ee19002000 Motor Frame.htm Some of J ri Kerem s works choose his name from the menu on the right http www.epl.ee artikkel 233888.html?PHPSESSID 02fe2048f4baf048d636ae9f848ec17e Newspaper article in Estonian Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Kerem, Juri ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH April 24, 1943 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH September 8, 1993 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Kerem, Juri Category Estonian caricaturists Category Portrait artists Category People from Tallinn Category 1943 births Category 1993 deaths estonia bio stub ... more details
Ea Jansen November 14, 1921 April 20, 2005 was a historian of Finno Ugric people Finno Ugric history originally from Estonia . Until her death, she worked for the http www.tpu.ee Tallinn Pedagogical University . From an Ethnic Community to National Statehood The Case of Estonians An article written by Jansen in 1998. Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Jansen, Ea ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH November 14, 1921 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH April 20, 2005 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Jansen, Ea Category 1921 births Category 2005 deaths Category Recipients of the Order of the White Star, 4th Class historian stub et Ea Jansen ... more details
in the form of German panzerfaust s. The 8th Rifle Corps surrounded about 1,500 Estonians retreating ... than 500 surrounded Estonians were killed. Around 700 were captured. Villagers buried 273 dead Estonians ... more details
Kalevi Liiva are sand dune s in J el htme Parish in Harju County , Estonia . The site is located near the Baltic coast, north of the J gala village an the former J gala concentration camp . It is best known as the execution site of up to 6,000 Jew and Roma Holocaust victims. Execution site The Kalevi Liiva site served as the execution and burial site for trainloads of Central European Jews transported to Estonia for extermination. Other victims include Gypsies and political prisoners of mainly Estonians Estonian and Russians Russian origin. The mass execution were carried out by Occupation of Estonia by Nazi Germany Estonian collaborationism Nazi collaborators under German supervision. One German, Bergman, was present. At least two trainloads of Jews arrived at the Raasiku railway station, one from Theresienstadt on September 5, 1942, and another from Germany in mid September. The trains carried over 2,000 people, mainly German Jews German and Czechoslovakia n Jews , about 450 of whom were Selektion selected for forced labor and interned at the J gala concentration camp , the rest were transferred by bus to Kalevi Liiva and immediately executed. The Estonians in charge of the executions, Aleksander Laak , Ain Ervin Mere and Ralf Gerrets were implicated in the Holocaust trials in Soviet Estonia in 1961 and charged with murdering up to 5000 German Jews German and Czechoslovakia n Jews and Romani people Gypsies in 1942 1943. ref http uudised.err.ee index.php?0574355 Estonian reference ref Estimates of the total number of victims vary. The two memorial stones on the site cite 6,000 Jews and 2,000 Roma. Contemporary sources estimate at least 1,700 probably 1,754 Jews killed at Kalevi Liiva, other known victims include forty Gypsies and a number of political prisoners of mainly Estonians Estonian and Russians Russian origin ref Anton Weiss Wendt Murder Without Hatred Estonians and the Holocaust 2009. p. 238 ref . See also Ain Ervin Mere Collaboration during World War II C ... more details
Virolainen is a Finnish language Finnish surname meaning an Estonians Estonian . People with this surname include Anne Mari Virolainen born 1965 , politician Heikki W. Virolainen 1936 2004 , sculptor Johannes Virolainen 1914 2000 , politician Jyrki Virolainen born 1943 , jurist Kyllikki Virolainen 1944 2009 , politician and journalist second wife of Johannes Virolainen Merja Virolainen born 1962 , writer and translator Nalle Virolainen Keijo Nalle Virolainen , cartoonist Reija Virolainen , television director surname Category Finnish language surnames Category Surnames of Finnish origin ru fi Virolainen sv Virolainen ... more details
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