Taxobox name Mesouschia fossil range Fossil range 199 35 Hettangian Eocene image image width image caption regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Reptile Sauropsid superordo Crocodylomorpha subordo Mesosuchia paraphyly subdivision ranks Order biology Infraorders & Family biology Families subdivision see text. Mesosuchia is an obsolete name for a group of terrestrial animal terrestrial , semi aquatic, or fully aquatic Crocodylomorpha crocodylomorph reptiles . The marine crocodile Metriorhynchus had paddle like forelimbs, Dakosaurus andiniensis had a skull that was adapted to eat large sea reptiles, and Shamosuchus was adapted for eating mollusc s and gastropod s. Shamosuchus also looked like modern crocodiles and was very closely related to their direct ancestor. The Mesosuchia were formerly placed at Suborder rank as within Crocodylia. The first crocodiles were placed within their own suborder, Protosuchia whilst extant species where placed within Suborder Eusuchia meaing true crocodiles . Mesosuchia were the crocodylians in between . As it is a paraphyletic group however, it is not considered valid anymore. It is replaced by its phylogenetic equivalent Mesoeucrocodylia , which contains the taxa herein, the Crocodylia , and some allied forms more recently discovered. The Mesosuchia was composed as Family Hsisosuchidae Family Gobiosuchidae Infraorder Notosuchia Family Notosuchidae Family Sebecidae Family Baurusuchidae Infraorder Neosuchia Family Trematochampsidae Family Peirosauridae Genus Lomasuchus Genus Montealtosuchus Family Elosuchidae Family Atoposauridae Family Dyrosauridae Family Pholidosauridae Genus Sarcosuchus Infraorder Thalattosuchia Sea Crocodiles Family Teleosauridae Family Metriorhynchidae Genus Dakosaurus andiniensis Dakosaurus Family Goniopholididae Family Paralligatoridae Genus Shamosuchus External links http leute.server.de frankmuster M Mesosuchia.htm Unterordnung Mesosuchia http www.schweizerbart.de pubs journals 0031 0220 paper 55 313 A teleo ... more details
Italic title Automatic axobox name Acynodon fossil range fossilrange 83.5 65.5 Early Campanian Late Maastrichtian image Acynodon.JPG image width 250px image caption Skull of Acynodon iberoccitanus ACAP FXl authority Buscalioni et al., 1997 subdivision ranks Species subdivision A. iberoccitanus small Buscalioni et al., 1997 type species type small A. adriaticus small Delfino et al., 2008 small A. lopezi small Buscalioni et al., 1997 small Acynodon is an extinct genus of Alligatoroidea alligatoroid crocodilia n. When first described it was placed within the Family biology family Alligatoridae , ref cite journal last1 Buscalioni first1 A. D. last2 Ortega first2 F. L. last3 Vasse first3 D. year 1997 title New crocodiles Eusuchia Alligatoroidea from the Upper Cretaceous of southern Europe url journal Compte rendu hebdomadaire des seances de l Academie des Sciences Paris, terre et des planetes volume 325 issue pages 525 530 ref but has since been reclassified as a globidonta n. It is the oldest and most primitive globidontan known to date, ref name Delfino, M. 2008 cite journal doi 10.1111 j.1475 4983.2008.00800.x last1 Delfino first1 M. last2 Martin first2 J. E. last3 Buffetaut first3 E. year 2008 title A new species of Acynodon Crocodylia from the Upper Cretaceous Santonian Campanian of Villaggio del Pescatore, Italy url journal Palaeontology journal Palaeontology volume 51 issue 5 pages 1091 1106 ref with fossil s being found from France , Spain , Italy , and Slovenia . Acynodon first appeared during the early Campanian stage of the Late Cretaceous and went extinct during the Cretaceous Tertiary extinction event at the K T boundary . The skull of Acynodon is extremely brevirostrine it had a very short and broad snout compared to other known alligatorids. ref cite journal doi 10.1671 0272 4634 2007 27 362 NMOTLC 2.0.CO 2 last1 Martin first1 J. E. year 2007 title New material of the Late Cretaceous globidontan Acynodon iberoccitanus crocodylia from Southern France url jo ... more details
Automatic taxobox fossil range Early Jurassic authority Crompton and Smith, 1980 in paleontology 1980 subdivision ranks Species subdivision extinct E. colberti small Crompton and Smith, 1980 type species type small Eopneumatosuchus is an extinct genus of Basal phylogenetics basal Crocodyliformes crocodyliform . Fossil s have been found from two localities within the Kayenta Formation of Arizona . Both localities are around 20 miles southeast of the Grand Canyon and in close proximity to one another. The localities probably date back to the Early Jurassic , most likely during the Sinemurian stage. Eopneumatosuchus was initially considered to be a protosuchia n, first proposed when the genus was named in 1980. ref Crompton, A. W. and Smith, K. K. 1980 . A new genus and species from the Kayenta Formation Late Triassic? of Northern Arizona. In Jacobs, L ed. , Aspects of Vertebrate History Flagstaff Museum of Northern Arizona Press, pp. 193 217. ref However, this classification was later questioned on the basis of several features of the holotype material, and as a result it is no longer considered to be within Protosuchia. ref Cite journal last1 Hecht first1 M. K. last2 Tarsitano first2 S. F. year 1983 title On the cranial morphology of the Protosuchia, Notosuchia and Eusuchia url journal Neues Jahrbuch f r Geologie und Pal ontologie Monatshefte volume 1983 issue 11 pages 657 668 ref Particular features of the posterior part of the cranium, the only material associated with the genus, suggest that Eopneumatosuchus may have close relations with Early Jurassic Teleosauridae teleosaurs . ref Clark, J. M. and Fastovsky, D. E. 1989 Vertebrate biostratigraphy of the Glen Canyon Group in northern Arizona. In Padian, K. ed. The Beginning of the Age of Dinosaurs Faunal Change Across the Triassic Jurassic Boundary Cambridge Cambridge University Press. ref The large supratemporal fenestrae of Eopneumatosuchus are characteristic of longirostrine crocodilia ns. Despite the similar c ... more details
Automatic taxobox name Brevirostres fossil range Late Cretaceous Recent, fossil range 83.5 0 image Aligator from front.jpg image caption American alligator Alligator mississippiensis authority Karl Alfred von Zittel von Zittel , 1890 subdivision ranks Superfamilies display children 1 Brevirostres is a clade of crocodylian s that includes alligatoroid s and crocodyloid s. Brevirostres are crocodylians with short snouts, and are distinguished from the long, slender snouted gharial s. It is defined phylogenetic ally as the last common ancestor of Alligator mississippiensis the American alligator and Crocodylus niloticus the Nile crocodile and all of its descendants. ref name BCA03 cite journal last Brochu first C. A. year 2003 title Phylogenetic approaches toward crocodylian history journal Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences volume 31 pages 357 97 doi 10.1146 annurev.earth.31.100901.141308 url http www.naherpetology.org pdf files 970.pdf ref Below is a cladogram showing the phylogenetic relations of Brevirostres from Brochu 1997 ref name CB97 cite journal doi 10.1080 02724634.1997.10011017 last Brochu first C.A. year 1997 title A review of Leidyosuchus Crocodyliformes, Eusuchia from the Cretaceous through Eocene of North America journal Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology volume 17 issue 4 pages 679 697 jstor 4523857 ref clade style font size 85 line height 85 label1 Crocodylia 1 clade 1 Gavialoidea 2 clade 1 extinct Borealosuchus 2 clade 1 extinct Pristichampsus label2 Brevirostres 2 clade 1 Alligatoroidea 2 Crocodyloidea Brevirostres was first named by Karl Alfred von Zittel in 1890. Von Zittel considered Gavialis , the gharial, to be closely related to Tomistoma , the false gharial, and excluded them from the group. Tomistoma , as its name implies, is traditionally not considered closely related to Gavialis , but instead classified as a Crocodylidae crocodylid . Under this classification, all members of Brevirostres are brevirostrine, or ... more details
. ref name BCA03 Many of the features seen in Prodiplocynodon are common among eusuchia ns. The skull ... ref clade style font size 80 line height 80 label1 Eusuchia 1 clade 1 Leidyosuchus label2 ... more details
Italic title Taxobox name Gavialosuchus image Gavialosuchus americanus Expominer 07.jpg image caption Gavialosuchus americanus fossil range late Oligocene early Pliocene regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Reptile Sauropsida ordo Crocodilia genus Gavialosuchus genus authority Toula and Kail, 1885 subdivision ranks Species subdivision G. eggenburgensis small Toula and Kail, 1885 type species type small ? G. americanus small Sellards, 1915 originally Tomistoma americanus small ? G. carolinensis small Bruce Erickson paleontologist Erickson and Sawyer, 1996 small Gavialosuchus is an extinct tomistomine from the late Oligocene and Miocene of eastern North America and early Miocene of Europe . Three species have been named the type species G. eggenburgensis from the early Miocene of Austria G. americanus , from the late Miocene to early Pliocene of Florida and G. carolinensis , from the late Oligocene of South Carolina . Another species, as yet unnamed, may be present in the Miocene of Georgia U.S. state Georgia . Unlike its modern fresh water relatives, Gavialosuchus was an estuary estuarine and coastal water crocodilian, living in shallow marine waters, living alongside Metaxytherium , Pomatodelphis , and Hemipristis serra . It was long snouted and large G. carolinensis was at least 5.37 meters long 17.3 ft , ref name ES96 cite book last Erickson first Bruce R. authorlink Bruce Erickson paleontologist coauthors and Sawyer, Glen T. year 1996 title The estuarine crocodile Gavialosuchus carolinensis n. sp. Crocodylia Eusuchia from the late Oligocene of South Carolina, North America series The Science Museum of Minnesota St. Paul, Minnesota Monograph 3 , Paleontology publisher The Science Museum of Minnesota location St. Paul pages 1 47 ref and one specimen of G. americanus is estimated at convert 9.75 m ft sp us long based on a convert 132 cm in sp us long skull. ref name SU cite web url http www.skullsunlimited.com Gavialosuchus.html title Gavialos ... more details
Automatic taxobox name Goniopholidids taxon Goniopholididae fossil range Fossil range 196 65 Sinemurian Maastrichtian image Goniopholis.jpg image caption Goniopholis image width authority Edward Drinker Cope Cope , 1875 in paleontology 1875 subdivision ranks Genera subdivision Calsoyasuchus Coelosuchus Dakotasuchus Denazinosuchus Eutretauranosuchus Goniopholis ? Kansajsuchus Microsuchus Oweniasuchus ? Pinacosuchus ? Pliogonodon Siamosuchus Sunosuchus Symptosuchus Turanosuchus Vectisuchus Woodbinesuchus Goniopholididae is an extinct family of moderate sized semi aquatic crocodyliforms similar to Extant taxon living crocodile s. They lived between the Early Jurassic and the Late Cretaceous . ref name Steel, 1973 Steel R. 1973. Crocodylia. Handbuch der Pal oherpetologie, Teil 16 . Stuttgart Gustav Fischer Verlag, 116 pp. ref ref name Tykowsi et al., 2002 Tykoski RS, Rowe TB, Ketcham RA, Colbert MW. 2002. Calsoyasuchus valliceps , a new crocodyliform from the Early Jurassic Kayenta Formation of Arizona. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22 3 593 611. ref Phylogeny The following cladogram simplified after an analysis presented by Marco Brandalise de Andrade and colleagues in 2011. ref name G.kiplingi Cite journal author Marco Brandalise de Andrade, Richard Edmonds, Michael J. Benton and Remmert Schouten title A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia from England, and a review of the genus url http onlinelibrary.wiley.com doi 10.1111 j.1096 3642.2011.00709.x abstract journal Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society volume 163 issue s1 pages S66 S108 year 2011 doi 10.1111 j.1096 3642.2011.00709.x ref clade style font size 85 line height 85 label1 Neosuchia 1 clade label1 Atoposauridae 1 clade 1 Theriosuchus pusillus 2 Theriosuchus guimarotae 2 clade 1 clade 1 Rugosuchus 2 clade 1 Bernissartia 2 Eusuchia 2 clade 1 Stolokrosuchus 2 clade 1 clade 1 Tethysuchia 2 Thalattosuchia label2 Goniopholididae 2 clade 1 Calsoyasuchus valliceps 2 clade 1 clad ... more details
Italic title Taxobox name Hesperogavialis fossil range fossil range Late Miocene Pliocene regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Sauropsida ordo Crocodilia superfamilia Gavialoidea familia Gavialidae subfamilia Gryposuchinae genus Hesperogavialis genus authority Bocquetin and Buffetaut, 1981 subdivision ranks Species subdivision H. cruxenti small Bocquetin and Buffetaut, 1981 type species type small Hesperogavialis is an extinct genus of Gryposuchinae gryposuchine Gavialidae gavialid . Fossil s have been found from Venezuela and Brazil that date back to the late Miocene and Pliocene . ref Bocquetin, J. C. and Buffetaut, E. 1981 . Hesperogavialis cruxenti n. gen., n. sp., nouveau gavialide Crocodylia, Eusuchia du Mioc ne Sup riur Huayquerien d Urumaco Venezuela . Geobios 14 415 419. ref ref Souza Filho, J. P., Bocquetin, J. C., and Negri, F. R. 1993 . Um cr neo de Hesperogavialis sp. Crocodylia, Gavialidae Mioceno Superior Plioceno do Estado do Acre, Brasil. Ameghiniana 30 341 342. ref Although Hesperogavialis is one of the best known gavialoids from South America, the posterior portion of the skull is still unknown, making any attempts at classification within the family somewhat more difficult than other gavialoids in which much of the skull is present. The genus possibly comprises three species. The type species , H. cruxenti , has been found from the Urumaco Formation in Venezuela. A second possible species, named H. bocquentini , has been described from Acre state Acre , Brazil and can be distinguished from H. cruxenti by the asymmetry seen in the anterior portion of the nasals and the small distance between alveoli. A third species can be recognized from the same locality in Acre, although a formal name has yet to be given to it. ref Souza Filho, J. P. 1999 . New crocodylian fossils Alligatoridae and Gavialidae from the Cenozoic, Acre State, Brazil. Ameghiniana 36 Supplement to Number 4 ref Phylogenetics Although a South American gryposuchine, H ... more details
Italic title Taxobox name Listrognatosuchus fossil range Middle Paleocene regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Sauropsida ordo Crocodylia superfamilia Alligatoroidea genus Listrognathosuchus genus authority Brochu, 1997 subdivision ranks Species subdivision L. multidentatus small Mook, 1930 originally Leidyosuchus multidentatus type species type small Listrognathosuchus is an extinct genus of alligatoroidea alligatoroid crocodilia n. Fossil s date back to the middle Paleocene epoch. In 1997, the generic name replaced that of Leidyosuchus for the species L. multidentatus now the type species of Listrognathosuchus ref Brochu, C. A. 1997 . A review of Leidyosuchus Crocodyliformes, Eusuchia from the Cretaceous through Eocene of North America. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 17 4 679 697. ref . L. multidentalis was first described by Charles Mook in 1930 on the basis of the holotype American Museum of Natural History AMNH 5179, consisting of a partial vertebral column, mandible , partial left ilium bone ilium , and left tibia , found from a locality in Torrejon Arroyo, New Mexico then referred to as the Torrejon beds, and now thought to be part of the Nacimiento Formation ref Mook, C. C. 1930 . A new species of crocodilian from the Torrejon Beds. American Museum Novitates 447 1 11. ref . Phylogenetics The fragmentary nature of the material referable to Listrognathosuchus have made it hard to classify within Crocodylia, but it is now thought to be a relatively basal phylogenetics basal alligatoroid. Listrognathosuchus is closely related to Borealosuchus , a more basal eusuchian that is not an alligatoroid, but rather a close relative of a monophyletic group of which the Taxonomic rank superfamilies Alligatoroidea and Crocodyloidea comprise. In fact, Borealosuchus was first used as a replacement name for four species of Leidyosuchus , the same genus that Listrognathosuchus multidentatus once belonged to. Prior to the reassessment of Leidyosuchus in 1997, ma ... more details
Italictitle Taxobox name Duerosuchus fossil range Middle Eocene regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Sauropsida subclassis Diapsid a infraclassis Archosauromorpha unranked superordo Eusuchia superordo Crocodylomorpha ordo Crocodilia genus Duerosuchus genus authority Santiago and Andr s, 2009 in paleontology 2009 subdivision ranks Species subdivision D. piscator small Santiago and Andr s, 2009 Type species type small Duerosuchus is an extinct genus of crocodilian . Remains have been found from Corrales del Vino in Province of Zamora Zamora , Spain , and are middle Eocene in age about 40 million years old . Duerosuchus is known from a single skull that is incomplete but otherwise well preserved, as well as a lower jaw, some osteoderm s, and possibly some vertebra e. Duerosuchus is a basal phylogenetics basal crocodilian thought to be closely related to brevirostrine, or short snouted crocodilians, such as alligatoroid s. However, the genus has not yet been included in a phylogenetic study and its position within Crocodilia is uncertain. ref name SA09 cite journal last Santiago first L.A. coauthors and Andr s, L.A. year 2009 title Nuevo g nero de Crocodylia del Eoceno medio de la Pen nsula Ib rica Zamora, Espa a Duerosuchus piscator nov. gen., nov. sp. journal Studia Geologica Salmanticensia volume 45 issue 2 pages 149 173 ref Discovery Remains of Duerosuchus were unearthed by an excavation team from the University of Salamanca . The remains were discovered by Luis Alonso Andr s and his son Luis Alonso Santiago, two amateur paleontologists. The genus was first described by Andr s and Santiago in 2009 and was named after the Duero River , as it was found in the Duero River Basin. ref name PE09 cite web url http www.telefonica.net web2 paleontologiaernesto Paleonoticias DuerosuchusPiscator.html title Duerosuchus Piscator author Ernesto year 2009 work Paleontologia Ernesto publisher Telef nica accessdate 6 September 2010 ref The type species is D. piscator , ... more details
Italic title Taxobox name Pachycheilosuchus fossil range Early Cretaceous regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Reptile Sauropsida subclassis Diapsid a infraclassis Archosauromorpha unranked superordo Crurotarsi superordo Crocodylomorpha unranked familia Mesoeucrocodylia familia genus Pachycheilosuchus genus authority Rogers, 2003 subdivision ranks Species subdivision P. trinquei small Rogers, 2003 type species type small Pachycheilosuchus meaning thick lipped crocodile is an extinct genus of mesoeucrocodylia n from the Early Cretaceous of Texas , United States . Previously known, in part, as the Glen Rose form , this Crocodylomorpha crocodylomorph is notable for its procoelous vertebra e, otherwise found only in derived eusuchia n crocodilia ns the vertebrae articulate with a cup on the anatomical terms of location anterior surface and a rounded posterior surface , a thick margin on the maxilla e the main tooth bearing bones of the upper jaw thus thick lipped crocodile , and a shield of armour zoology armor on the neck formed by the fusion of six individual scute s. Description Pachycheilosuchus is holotype based on Southern Methodist University SMU 75278 , a right maxilla , with the remains of at minimum 13 other individuals also known, representing most of the skeleton except hands, feet, and part of the skull. The remains were recovered near the top of the Glen Rose Formation of Erath County, Texas Erath County in central Texas, in rocks dating from the early Albian faunal stage . The fossil s were found in a bonebed in a limestone rock unit, with scattered lenses of mudstone , probably deposited in a shallow, protected, nearshore brackish water setting. The type species is P. trinquei , in honor of Lance Trinque, a field assistant who helped discover and excavate the site where this animal s remains were found. This genus was named and described by Jack Rogers in 2003. ref name JVR03 cite journal last Rogers first Jack V., II year 2003 title Pachych ... more details
Italic title Taxobox name Musturzabalsuchus fossil range Late Cretaceous image Musturzabalsuchus buffetauti.JPG image width 250px image caption Jaw regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Sauropsida ordo Crocodilia Crocodylia superfamilia Alligatoroidea genus Musturzabalsuchus genus authority Buscalioni et al., 1997 subdivision ranks Species subdivision M. buffetauti small Buscalioni et al., 1997 type species type small Musturzabalsuchus is an extinct genus of crocodylia n, and one of the oldest known members of the superfamily zoology superfamily Alligatoroidea . The generic name means Broadened rostrum crocodile , with Musturzabal meaning broadened rostrum in Basque language Basque and suchus meaning crocodile in Latin . The type species type and only species is M. buffetauti , named after the French paleoherpetologist Eric Buffetaut . The material first assigned to Musturzabalsuchus in 1997 has been found from the locality of La o in Condado de Trevi o , northern Spain . ref name BOV97 cite journal last Buscalioni first A. D. coauthor Ortega, F. and Vasse, D. year 1997 title New crocodiles Eusuchia Alligatoroidea from the Upper Cretaceous of southern Europe journal Comptes Rendus de l Acad mie des Sciences, S rie II volume 325 pages 525 530 ref Although dating back to the Late Cretaceous , the exact age of the strata in which material of Musturzabalsuchus occurs in the locality is not known it is either Late Campanian or very Early Maastrichtian . ref name AEA87 cite journal doi 10.1016 0195 6671 87 90009 7 last Astibia first H. coauthor Garcia Garmillo, F. Orue Exteborria, X. Rodr guez L zaro, J. Buscolioni, A. D. Sonz, J. L. and Jim nez Fuentes year 1987 title The Cretaceous Tertiary Boundary in a sector of the South Limb of the Miranda Trevi o Synclinal the first appearance of Chelonia and Archosauria in the Basque Country journal Cretaceous Research volume 8 issue 1 pages 15 27 ref Despite the unusually high quantity of remains belonging to the genu ... more details
during the early Triassic 250 million years ago. This quickly gave rise to the Eusuchia clade ... about 85 million years ago during the late cretaceous, originating from the Eusuchia clade. The earliest ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
