Evolutionism refers to the biological concept of evolution , ref cite book author Kirkpatrick, E. M. Davidson, George D. Seaton, M. A. Simpson, J. R. title Chambers concise 20th century dictionary publisher Chambers location Edinburgh year 1985 pages isbn 0 550 10553 0 oclc doi ref specifically to a widely held 19th century belief that organism s are intrinsically bound to increase in complexity. ref Carneiro, Robert L onard 2003 Evolutionism in cultural anthropology a critical history Westview Press ... In the 1970s the term Neo Evolutionism was used to describe the idea that human beings sought to preserve .... ref name urlEvolutionism cite web url http www.allaboutphilosophy.org evolutionism.htm title Evolutionism ... and the theory itself as evolutionism. Some creationism creationists and creationist organizations ... does not support false religions e.g. atheism, evolutionism, pantheism, humanism, etc. accessdate ... 2003 Evolutionism in cultural anthropology a critical history Westview Press pg 1 3 ref Darwin did not use ..., but the terms evolutionism and evolutionist are seldom used in the scientific community to refer ... atheism , fascism , humanism and occultism , commonly uses the words evolutionism and evolutionist .... Creationists tend to use the term evolutionism in an attempt to suggest that the theory of evolution ... articles 2008 01 24 attention to word meaning title Creationism vs. Evolutionism last Moore first ... evolution , uses the term evolutionism to describe the atheistic worldview that so often accompanies ... different from Evolutionism, Intelligent Design, and Creationism publisher The BioLogos Foundation quote While BioLogos accepts evolution, it emphatically rejects evolutionism, the atheistic worldview that so often accompanies the acceptance of biological evolution in public discourse. Proponents of evolutionism ... Notes reflist References Carneiro, Robert, Evolutionism in Cultural Anthropology A Critical ... 27559 col A. His Darwin s thorough going evolutionism tends to eliminate... Ruse, Michael. 2003. http ... more details
Refimprove date August 2010 wikify date June 2010 Culture as applied to evolution involves the transmission of information particularly from generation to generation by all non genomic means through the senses by example, or by instructions involving language. Cultural evolution therefore encompasses the generation and selection of new learning by all means other than encoding in the genome. Although cultural evolution is not entirely peculiar to man see for example John Tyler Bonner, The Evolution of Culture in Animals New Jersey Princeton University Press, 1980 it is in a highly developed form restricted to man and much tied up with the development of language and writing. Cultural evolutionism attempts to describe and explain long term what? date April 2011 change in human ways of life, insofar as those ways are socially rather than biologically acquired. Cultural Evolutionism is the development of a culture. It may be viewed as a uni linear or multi linear phenomenon. Uni linear describes the change in human behaviour whereas multi linear describes the change in separate cultures and societies. ref cultural evolution social science Britannica Online Encyclopedia. Encyclopedia Britannica Online Encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Dec. 2011. http www.britannica.com EBchecked topic 146212 cultural evolution . ref The idea that human beings culture changes with time is evident with the fact that human beings have become a more civilized species through history. ref Heine, S.J. 2008 Cultural Psychology p.45 ref . Though often used interchangeably with the terms social evolution and sociocultural evolution , the term cultural evolution sometimes is useful for specifying a focus on long term change not in properties of a social group as such e.g., its sheer size or location , but in the way of life the characteristic artifacts, behaviors, and ideas of the group. Defined this way, cultural evolutionism is not inherently ethnocentric, though of course the cultural past can b ... more details
Unreferenced stub date December 2009 Francisco Romero 1891 1962 was a Latin American philosopher, considered a leader in the philosopher movement in the Latin American countries, especially in Argentina . He was an influential critic and a translator from the German works of others. Romero defends a structural conception of reality against David Hume Hume , rationalism, biological evolutionism and all atomistic conceptions. True being is identified by Romero with transcendence, with personality as its function. Selected works Old and New Concepts of Reality 1932 The Problems of Philosophy of Culture 1938 Program of a Philosophy 1940 Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Romero ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1891 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 1962 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Romero Category 1891 births Category 1962 deaths Category 20th century philosophers Philosopher stub ... more details
century evolutionism used value judgment and assumptions for interpreting data, the neoevolutionism ... work is often viewed as the foundation of neo evolutionism. He was one of the first sociologists to claim ... to the Fall of Rome 1959 . Publication of this book rekindled interest in evolutionism among ... S.N. Eisenstadt See also Classical social evolutionism Sociobiology Dual inheritance theory Technological ... more details
century three great, classical theories of social and historical change were created the social evolutionism ... Classical Social Evolutionism Unreferenced section date September 2007 main Classical social evolutionism ... evolution. Social evolutionism was the prevailing theory of early socio cultural anthropology ... , Lewis Henry Morgan , and Herbert Spencer . Social evolutionism represented an attempt to formalize ... Social Evolutionism is most closely associated with the 19th century writings of Auguste Comte ..., there is a good case that Spencer s writings might be classified as Social Evolutionism . Although ... thinkers of the gilded age all developed theories of social evolutionism as a result of their exposure .... T nnies work became the foundation of neo evolutionism . The Critique of Unilineal Classical ... as the leader of anthropology s rejection of classical social evolutionism, used sophisticated ... evolutionism rejects most of classical social evolutionism due to various theoretical problems ... more details
Arborescent is a term used by the French thinkers Deleuze and Guattari to characterize thinking marked by insistence on totality totalizing principles, binarism and dualism . The term, first used in A Thousand Plateaus 1980 where it was opposed to the rhizome metaphor rhizome , comes from the way genealogy tree s are drawn unidirectional progress history progress , with no possible retroactivity and continuous binary cuts thus enforcing a dualist metaphysical conception, criticized by Deleuze . Rhizomes, on the contrary, mark a horizontal and non hierarchical conception, where anything may be linked to anything else, with no respect whatsoever for specific species rhizomes are heterogeneity heterogeneous links between things that have nothing to do between themselves for example, Deleuze and Guattari linked together desire and machine s to create the most surprising concept of desiring production desiring machine s . Horizontal gene transfer is also an example of rhizomes, opposed to the arborescent evolutionism theory. Deleuze also criticizes the Chomsky hierarchy of formal languages , which he considers a perfect example of arborescent dualistic theory. Wiktionary Sources Gilles Deleuze Deleuze, Gilles and F lix Guattari . 1980. A Thousand Plateaus . Trans. Brian Massumi . London and New York Continuum, 2004. Vol. 2 of Capitalism and Schizophrenia . 2 vols. 1972 1980. Trans. of Mille Plateaux . Paris Les Editions de Minuit. ISBN 0826476945. Deleuze Guattari Category Philosophical concepts Category Postmodern terminology Category F lix Guattari Category Gilles Deleuze philosophy stub fr Arborescent ... more details
Orphan date January 2012 Stephen K. Sanderson is an American sociologist. His area of focus includes comparative sociology , historical sociology , sociological theory and sociocultural evolution . He is a specialist in sociological theory and comparative and historical sociology and is one of the leading sociologists to develop a Darwinian understanding of human society. He has written or edited ten books and about sixty peer reviewed articles, and is the author of numerous articles and many books, including Evolutionism and Its Critics. ref http www.paradigmpublishers.com books contribDetail.aspx?id 11540 ref He was a professor of sociology at Indiana University of Pennsylvania . Since 2007 he has been a visiting scholar at the Institute for Research on World Systems at the University of California, Riverside . Sanderson received PhD from the University of Nebraska in 1973. External links http stephenksanderson.com index.html Homepage References Reflist Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Sanderson, Stephen K. ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Sanderson, Stephen K. Category Year of birth missing Category American sociologists Category Living people Category Indiana University of Pennsylvania faculty Category University of California, Riverside faculty Category University of Nebraska alumni sociologist stub ... more details
Infobox person name Jozef Roh ek image image size 150px caption birth date Birth date 1877 2 6 mf y birth place Star Tur , na Jazvin ch, u Dorn kov, flag Austria Hungary name Austro hungarian empire , present day flag Slovakia religion Lutheran known for The first translation of Bible from original languages into Slovak language citizenship Austro hungarian empire , Czechoslovakia , Slovakia ethnicity Slovaks Slovak occupation Lutheran lutheran priest , missionary , writer , editor spouse Ru ena Vran from Tisovec death date Death date 1962 7 28 mf yes death place Bratislava , flag Czechoslovakia , present day flag Slovakia Jozef Roh ek February 6, 1877 July 28, 1962 was Slovakia Slovak Protestantism Protestant actvist, evangelist and scholar. He translated the Bible from original languages into Slovak language Slovak . The 1st edition of the complete lutheran Slovak language Slovak Bible was edited by British and Foreign Bible Society in 1936. The revised edition was printed in Kutn Hora Czech republic in 1951. ref cite book title ivotopisy Krist na Royov , Jozef Roh ek, Ru ena Vran , Viera Roh kov last Hol czy first Daniel E. year 1991 publisher Cicero location isbn page pages 42 url language Slovak accessdate 11.1.2011 ref Publications Evolucionizmus vo svetle pravdy alebo o m ka d vzdelan lovek vedie o evolucionizme Evolutionism in the light of truth or what should every literate person know about evolutionism , Bratislava, Svetlo, 1936 Referencies Reflist Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Rohacek, Jozef ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH February 6, 1877 PLACE OF BIRTH Star Tur , na Jazvin ch, u Dorn kov, , present day DATE OF DEATH July 28, 1962 PLACE OF DEATH Bratislava , , present day DEFAULTSORT Rohacek, Jozef Category 1877 births Category 1962 deaths Category Czechoslovak activists Category Czechoslovak religious leaders Category People from Star Tur Category Slovak activists Category Slovak evangelists C ... more details
Merge to Marvin Harris date September 2011 discuss talk Marvin Harris Merge Historical particularism to here Historical particularism coined by Marvin Harris in 1968 ref Harris, Marvin The Rise of Anthropological Theory A History of Theories of Culture . 1968. Reissued 2001 New York Thomas Y. Crowell Company ref is widely considered the first United States American anthropological school of thought. Founded by Franz Boas , historical particularism rejected the Classical social evolutionism cultural evolutionary model that had dominated anthropology up until Boas. It argued that each society is a collective representation of its unique historical past. Boas rejected parallel evolutionism, the idea that all societies are on the same path and have reached their specific level of development the same way all other societies have. ref name methods cite journal last Boas first Franz authorlink Franz Boas title The Methods of Ethnology journal American Anthropologist volume 22 issue 4 pages 311 321 date December, 1920 format jstor PDF id ISSN 00027294 accessdate 2006 11 30 doi 10.1525 aa.1920.22.4.02a00020 jstor 660328 ref Instead, historical particularism showed that societies could reach the same level of cultural development through different paths. ref name methods Boas suggested that diffusion, trade, corresponding environment, and historical accident may create similar cultural traits. ref name methods Three traits, as suggested by Boas, are used to explain cultural customs environmental conditions, psychological factors, and historical connections, history being the most important hence the school s name . ref name methods Critics of historical particularism argue that it is antitheoretical because it doesn t seek to make universal theories, applicable to all the world s cultures. Boas believed that theories would arise spontaneously once enough data was collected. This school of anthropological thought was the first to be uniquely American and Boas his school of th ... more details
Biocultural evolution ref http anthro.palomar.edu synthetic glossary.htm ref refers to historical human evolution evolutionary processes that occur as a result of culture s interaction with biology . Cultural factors The human predispositon for culture is perhaps one of the most critical aspects of human evolution and, as such, has had significant effects both on human and nonhuman biology . Given the complexity with which humans express their culture and the cultural interrelation of e.g. ecology and technology , changes in human environmental control is a hallmark of cultural impact on biological systems. These, in turn, affect cultural possibilities and choices. ref Grassie, William, Biocultural Evolution in the 21st Century The Evolutionary Role of Religion , European Society for the Study of Science and Theology Barcelona, Spain, 2004 ref Examples Some examples of biocultural adaptations are lactose tolerance , the result of animal husbandry the maintenance of the sickle cell trait sickle cell allele in some tropical populations due to the spread of sub Saharan agriculture and the concomitant spread of malaria, and cold adaptation . See also Behavioural genetics Biocultural anthropology Cultural selection theory Evolution Evolutionary anthropology Evolutionary neuroscience Evolutionary psychology Human evolution Meme Neuroculture Organizational ecology Sociobiology Sociocultural evolution References reflist Bibliography citation last Adams first Richard N. year 1991 title Social Evolution and Social Reproduction journal New Literary History volume 22 issue 4 pages 857 876 citation last Brace first C. Loring year 1995 title Biocultural Interaction and the Mechanism of Mosaic Evolution in the Emergence of Modern Morphology journal American Anthropologist volume 97 issue 4 pages 711 721 citation last Lopreato first Joseph year 1990 title From Social Evolutionism to Biocultural Evolutionism journal Sociological Forum volume 5 issue 2 pages 187 212 citation last Sko ... more details
Peloza v. Capistrano Unified School District , 37 F.3d 517 9th Cir. 1994 , was a 1994 court case heard by United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit in which a creationist schoolteacher, John E. Peloza claimed that Establishment clause of the United States Constitution along with his own right to free speech was violated by the requirement to teach the religion of evolutionism . The court found against Peloza, finding that evolution was science not religion and that the school board were right to restrict his teaching of creationism in light of the 1987 Supreme Court of the United States Supreme Court decision Edwards v. Aguillard . One of the three appeals judges, Poole, partially dissented from the majority s free speech and due process opinions. ref http www.talkorigins.org faqs peloza.html Peloza v. Capistrano Unified School District ref It was one in a long line court cases involving the teaching of creationism which have found against creationists. Peloza appealed to the Supreme Court of the United States Supreme Court , which declined to hear the case. References Reflist Category Establishment Clause case law Category United States education case law Category United States Free Speech Clause case law Category United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit cases Category United States creationism and evolution case law Category 1994 in United States case law Category Legal articles without infoboxes Category 1994 in religion Category 1994 in education case law stub creationism stub ... more details
Infobox scientist name Russell L. Mixter image filename only image size alt caption birth date August 7, 1906 birth place Williamston, Michigan death date death date and age 2007 1 16 1906 8 7 death place residence citizenship nationality ethnicity fields Biology workplaces alma mater Wheaton College Illinois Wheaton College, Illinois undergraduate , Michigan State College M.S. , University of Illinois School of Medicine in Chicago Ph.D. doctoral advisor academic advisors doctoral students notable students known for Progressive creationism , opposition to anti evolutionism author abbrev bot author abbrev zoo influences influenced awards religion signature filename only signature alt footnotes Russell L. Mixter August 7, 1906 &ndash January 16, 2007 was an American scientist, noted for leading the American Scientific Affiliation ASA away from anti evolutionism, and for his advocacy of progressive creationism . Academic career Mixter graduated from Wheaton College Illinois Wheaton College, Illinois in 1928 with a major in literature and a minor in biology. He thereafter gained an M.S. in zoology from Michigan State College , and a Ph.D. in anatomy from the University of Illinois School of Medicine in Chicago, shortly after returning to Wheaton to teach. ref name Num195 Numbers 2006 p195 ref He has been professor of zoology there since 1945, and was chairman of the Science Division from 1950 to 1961. ref name gale Wheaton College awards the Mixter Award for junior or senior Biology majors in his honor, in recognition of his significant role in the development of biology at Wheaton College . ref http www.wheaton.edu Biology opportunities awards.htm Awards , Biology, Wheaton College Illinois Wheaton College, Illinois ref American Scientific Affiliation and creationism Mixter joined the ASA in 1943, ref name Num195 served as its president from 1951 54, ref name gale Russell Lowell Mixter, in Contemporary Authors Online , Gale, 2009. Reproduced in http galenet.galegroup.co ... more details
of Genetics and Evolutionism in France, Paris, PUF, 1984. Preface by Pierre Chaunu. The Genetics and Evolution ... Editions, 1994 . The evolution and Evolutionism, Paris, PUF, Que sais je?, 1989 reissued under the title The Darwinism and Evolutionism, Paris, Frisian Roche, 2005. The biological explosion, La ..., CNRS ditions, 2011. Darwin and the Evolutionism s epic, Paris, Perrin, 2012. Essays Dracula and his ... more details
Change was given a survey of evolution and evolutionism in Cultural anthropology . With Ren e Hagesteijn ... Polynesia in Bijdragen tot de Taal , Land en Volkenkunde, and articles on evolutionism in Social ... of Evolutionism. In Kradin, N. N., Korotayev, A. V., Bondarenko, D. M., de Munck, V., and Wason ... and Decline pp. 196 218 . South Hadley, MA Bergin & Garvey. 1989. Evolutionism in Development ... Change Evolution and Evolutionism in Cultural Anthropology . Leiden CNWS Press. 2002. Was the State ... more details
evolutionism . It was revised and expanded in 2006, with the subtitle changed to From Scientific ... of anti evolutionism . ref Steve Paulson, http www.salon.com books int 2007 01 02 numbers Seeing ... more details
system is a kind of answer to the debates about sociocultural unilinear social evolutionism vs. multilineal evolutionism. Criticism The works done under the LASA banner have been the targets ... more details
Infobox Book name The Creationists From Scientific Creationism to Intelligent Design title orig translator image Image The Creationists by Ronald Numbers.jpg image caption author Ronald Numbers illustrator cover artist country USA language English series subject Creationism genre History publisher University of California Press pub date 1993 english pub date media type pages 624 isbn 0 520 08393 8 oclc preceded by followed by The Creationists From Scientific Creationism to Intelligent Design is a history of the origins of anti evolutionism , first published in 1992 by Ronald Numbers as The Creationists The Evolution of Scientific Creationism . It was revised and expanded in 2006 the subtitle was changed to From Scientific Creationism to Intelligent Design . The book has been described as probably the most definitive history of anti evolutionism . ref Steve Paulson, http www.salon.com books int 2007 01 02 numbers Seeing the light of science , Interview with Ronald Numbers, Salon.com , Jan. 2, 2007. ref It has received generally favorable reviews from both the academic and the religious community. ref See references in notable reviews . ref Synopsis The expanded edition covers the history of creationism from the time of Charles Darwin Darwin to the present day. It first describes early opposition during Darwin s lifetime, then George Frederick Wright s conversion from Christian Darwinism Darwinist to Fundamentalist opponent and how creationism influenced the Fundamentalist Modernist Controversy and the rise of prominent populist creationists such as William Jennings Bryan . It then narrates the careers of two early, self taught, scientific creationists, Harry Rimmer and George McCready Price . It then chronicles the growth of creationist organisations in the mid 20th century, such as the Religion and Science Association, the Deluge Geology Society, the Evolution Protest Movement in the United Kingdom , and the American Scientific Affiliation ASA , the latter moving al ... more details
Unreferenced date September 2007 Multilineal evolution is a 20th century social theory about the evolution of societies and culture s. It is composed of many competing theories by various sociologists and anthropologists. This theory has replaced the older 19th century set of theories of unilineal evolution . When critique of classical social evolutionism became widely accepted, modern anthropological and sociological approaches have changed to reflect their responses to the critique of their predecessor. Modern theories are careful to avoid unsourced, ethnocentric speculation, comparisons, or value judgements more or less regarding individual societies as existing within their own historical contexts. These conditions provided the context for new theories such as cultural relativism and multilineal evolution. By the 1940s cultural anthropologists such as Leslie White and Julian Steward sought to revive an evolutionary model on a more scientific basis, and succeeded in establishing an approach known as the neoevolutionism . White rejected the opposition between primitive and modern societies but did argue that societies could be distinguished based on the amount of energy they harnessed, and that increased energy allowed for greater social differentiation. Steward on the other hand rejected the 19th century notion of progress, and instead called attention to the Darwinian notion of adaptation, , arguing that all societies had to adapt to their environment in some way. The anthropologists Marshall Sahlins and Elman Service wrote a book, Evolution and Culture , in which they attempted to synthesize White s and Steward s approaches. Other anthropologists, building on or responding to work by White and Steward, developed theories of cultural ecology and ecological anthropology. The most prominent examples are Peter Vayda and Roy Rappaport . By the late 1950s, students of Steward such as Eric Wolf and Sidney Mintz turned away from cultural ecology to Marxism , World Syst ... more details
Infobox scientist name image Herbert Spencer Jennings.jpg image size 200px caption birth date April 8, 1868 birth place Tonica , Illinois death date April 14, 1947 death place Santa Monica , California residence citizenship nationality ethnicity field zoology work institutions alma mater doctoral advisor doctoral students known for author abbrev bot author abbrev zoo influences influenced prizes religion footnotes signature Herbert Spencer Jennings born in Tonica , Illinois , April 8, 1868 died in Santa Monica , California , April 14, 1947 was a zoologist , geneticist , and eugenicist . His research helped demonstrate the link between physical and chemical stimulation and automatic responses in lower orders of animals. Tracy Sonneborn would later write blockquote Jennings was so struck by the continued production of hereditarily diverse clones at conjugation, even after many successive inbreedings, that he undertook to examine the matter mathematically. As a result, general formulae for the results of diverse systems of mating were published in a series of papers between 1912 and 1917 these were one of the main seeds from which the whole field of mathematical genetics developed. blockquote References Citation pmid 15777816 last Marler first Peter publication date 2005 Apr year 2005 title Ethology and the origins of behavioral endocrinology. volume 47 issue 4 periodical Hormones and behavior pages 493 502 doi 10.1016 j.yhbeh.2005.01.002 Citation pmid 12664793 last Schloegel first Judy Johns last2 Schmidgen first2 Henning publication date 2002 Dec year 2002 title General physiology, experimental psychology, and evolutionism. Unicellular organisms as objects of psychophysiological research, 1877 1918. volume 93 issue 4 periodical Isis an international review devoted to the history of science and its cultural influences pages 614 45 Citation pmid 11612743 last Barkan first E publication date 1991 year 1991 title Reevaluating progressive eugenics Herbert Spencer Jennings ... more details
Expand German Robert Lowie date April 2010 Robert Harry Lowie born lang de Robert Heinrich L we June 12, 1883 September 21, 1957 was an Austria n born United States American anthropologist . An expert on Indigenous peoples of the Americas North American Indians , he was instrumental in the development of modern anthropology. Biography Lowie was born in Vienna , but came to the United States in 1893. He graduated from the City College of New York College of the City of New York A.B. in 1901, and from Columbia University Ph.D. in 1908, where he studied under Franz Boas . In 1909, he became assistant curator at the American Museum of Natural History , New York. Influenced by Clark Wissler , Lowie became a specialist in American Indians. In 1917, he became assistant professor at the University of California, Berkeley . From 1925 until his retirement in 1950, he was professor of anthropology at Berkeley, where, along with Alfred Louis Kroeber , he was a central figure in anthropological scholarship. Lowie made numerous field expeditions to the Great Plains and did significant ethnographic fieldwork among the Arikara , Shoshone , Mandan , Hidatsa , and Crow Nation Crow peoples. He also spent shorter field periods among other peoples of the American Southwest and South America . His theoretical orientation was within the Boasian mainstream of anthropological thought, emphasizing cultural relativism and opposed to the cultural evolutionism of the Victorian era . Like many prominent anthropologists of the day, including Boas, his scholarship originated in the German idealism and German Romanticism romanticism espoused by earlier thinkers such as Johann Gottfried Herder . Writings Wikisource author Robert Harry Lowie His principal works include Societies of the Arikara Indians , 1914 Dances and Societies of the Plains Shoshones , 1915 Notes on the social Organization and Customs of the Mandan, Hidatsa and Crow Indians , 1917 Culture and Ethnology , 1917 Plains Indian Age Soci ... more details
White s law , named after Leslie White and published in 1943, states that, other factors remaining constant, culture evolves as the amount of energy harnessed per capita per year is increased, or as the efficiency economics efficiency of the instrumental means of putting the energy to Mechanical work work is increased . ref name American Materialism http www.as.ua.edu ant Faculty murphy material.htm American Materialism ref Image Earthlights dmsp.jpg thumb right 300px Composite image of the Earth at night, created by NASA and NOAA . The brightest areas of the Earth are the most urbanized, but not necessarily the most populous. Even more than 100 years after the invention of the electric light, some regions remain thinly populated and unlit. White spoke of culture as a general human phenomenon, and claimed not to speak of cultures in the plural. His theory, published in 1959 in The Evolution of Culture The Development of Civilization to the Fall of Rome , rekindled the interest in social evolutionism and is counted prominently among the neoevolutionism neoevolutionists . He believed that culture meaning the sum total of all human cultural activity on the planet was evolving. White differentiated between three components of culture technological, sociological and ideological, and argued that it was the technological component which plays a primary role or is the primary determining factor responsible for the cultural evolution. White s materialist approach is evident in the following quote man as an animal species, and consequently culture as a whole, is dependent upon the material, mechanical means of adjustment to the natural environment . ref name American Materialism This technological component can be described as material, mechanical, physical and chemical instruments, as well as the way people use these techniques. White s argument on the importance of technology goes as follows ref name mnsu.edu http www.mnsu.edu emuseum cultural anthropology White.html Leslie ... more details
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