Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Export restrictions , or a restriction on exportation , are limitations on the quantity of good economics goods export ed to a specific country or countries by a government. An exportrestriction may be imposed To prevent a shortage of goods in the domestic market because it is more profitable to export To manage the effect on the domestic market of the importing country, which may otherwise impose Dumping pricing policy antidumping duties on the imported goods As part of foreign policy , for example as a component of trade sanction s To limit or restrict arms or dual use items that may be used in proliferation, terrorism, or nuclear, chemical, or biological warfare. To limit or restrict trade to embargoed nations. Export restrictions from USA are specified by Bureau of Industry and Security to enforce the Export Administration Regulations . The Department of State has the responsibility of overseeing export of defense and military related articles as per the International Traffic in Arms Regulations or ITAR. DEFAULTSORT ExportRestriction Category Commerce Economy stub de Exportbeschr nkung ru ... more details
wiktionarypar restrictionRestriction may refer to Restriction mathematics , an aspect of a mathematical function Restrictions album Restrictions album , an album by Cactus Restriction enzyme , a type of enzyme that cleaves genetic material Restriction, a term in medieval Supposition theory See also Regulation Racial segregation Religious segregation Restrictive covenant Regression analysis disambig de Restriktion fr Restriction ru sk Re trikcia ... more details
refimprove date January 2010 EXPORT is an exobiology project led by the European Space Agency , that is planned to be deployed on the International Space Station to study the photo processing of organic molecules and the survival of micro organisms in space, as well as the effect of solar Ultraviolet UV on unshielded organic molecules and micro organisms. EXPORT will be located outside on the external facility of Columbus ISS module Columbus . The payload consists of two independent instruments, EXPOSE and SPOrt. EXPOSE is an exobiology experiment that studies the photo processing of organic molecules and the survival of micro organisms in space, as well as the effect of solar UV on unshielded organic molecules and micro organisms. The EXPOSE experiment has 12 sample compartments each can carry a sample carrier. The second instrument, SPOrt Sky Polarisation Observatory , is an astrophysical instrument to measure celestial polarisation in the unexplored microwave frequency range of 20 90 GHz. The EXPOSE facility is mounted on the Coarse Pointing Device to allow a maximum Sun viewing duration for the 12 sample compartments during an observation period of about 15 minutes. The payload will operate continuously for a period of 1.5 years. See also Scientific research on the ISS References reflist External links http www.spaceflight.esa.int projects index.cfm?act default.page&level 12&page 831 ESA s EXPORT page. ISS modules ESA projects DEFAULTSORT Export Category Components of the International Space Station Europe spacecraft stub ... more details
2009 trading blocs This term export is derived from the conceptual meaning as to ship the goods ... who is based in the country of export whereas the overseas based buyer is referred to as an importer ..., typically for use in trade . Export goods or services are provided to foreign consumer s by domestic ...&level 4 isbn 0 13 063085 3 ref Export of commercial quantities of goods normally requires involvement of the customs authorities in both the country of export and the country of import. The advent ... applied by the country of export. An export s counterpart is an import . Definition Foreign demand ... of exports in national accounts is given below An export of a good occurs when there is a change of ownership ... for significant processing to order or repair . Also smuggled goods must be included in the export measurement. Export of services consist of all services rendered by residents to non residents. In national ... competition. Process Methods of export include a product or good or information being mailed, hand ... United States The export of defense related articles and services on the United States Munitions ... known as Export Administration Regulations EAR , in the United States. The BIS regulates the export and reexport of most commercial items. Some commodities require a license in order to export. There are different requirements to export lawfully depending on the product or service being exported. Depending on the category ref http www.access.gpo.gov bis ear ear data.html ccl Export Administration ... have received worldwide restrictions prohibiting exports. An item is considered an export whether ... www.bis.doc.gov licensing exportingbasics.htm Introduction to Commerce Department Export Controls , Bureau ... States does not matter in determining export license requirements . Refer to http www.census.gov ... for 2006. Canada Canadian Export and Import Controls Bureau EICB Australia http www.defence.gov.au strategy deco default.htm Australian Defence Export Control Office DECO Barriers Trade barrier ... more details
A restriction fragment is a DNA fragment resulting from the cutting of a DNA strand by a restriction enzyme restriction endonucleases , a process called restriction. Each restriction enzyme is highly specific, recognising a particular short DNA sequence, or restriction site, and cutting both DNA strands at specific points within this site. Most restriction sites are Palindromic sequence palindromic , the sequence of nucleotides is the same on both strands when read in the 5 to 3 direction , and are four to eight nucleotide s long. Many cuts are made by one restriction enzyme because of the chance repetition of these sequences in a long DNA molecule, yielding a set of restriction fragments. A particular DNA molecule will always yield the same set of restriction fragments when exposed to the same restriction enzyme. Restriction fragments can be analyzed using techniques such as gel electrophoresis or used in recombinant DNA technology. Image Restriction enzyme.jpg thumb Illustration of typical restriction enzyme cleavage. In recombinant DNA technology specific restriction endonucleases are used that will isolate a particular gene and cleave the sugar phosphate backbones at different points retaining symmetry , so that the double stranded restriction fragments have single stranded ends. These short extensions, called sticky ends can form hydrogen bond ed base pairs with complementary sticky ends on any other DNA cut with the same enzyme such as a bacterial plasmid . In agarose gel electrophoresis , the restriction fragments yield a band pattern characteristic of the original DNA molecule and restriction enzyme used, for example the relatively small DNA molecules of viruses and plasmids can be identified simply by their restriction fragment patterns. If the nucleotide differences of two different allele s occur within the restriction site of a particular restriction enzyme ... isbn 0 8053 7171 0 Category Molecular biology Category Restriction enzymes genetics stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Other uses Restriction disambiguation In mathematics , the notion of restriction of a function is defined as follows If f E F is a function mathematics function from E to F , and A is a subset of E , then the restriction of f to A is the partial function math f A A to F math having the graph math G f A x,y in G f mid x in A math . In rough words, it is the same function , but only defined on math A cap mathrm dom , f math . More generally, the restriction or domain restriction or left restriction A R of a binary relation R between E and F may be defined as a relation having domain A , codomain F and graph G A R x , y G R x A . Similarly, one can define a right restriction or range restriction R B . Indeed, one could define a restriction to a subset of E x F , and the same applies to n ary Relation mathematics relations . These cases do not fit into the scheme of sheaf mathematics sheaves . The domain anti restriction or domain subtraction of a function or binary relation R with domain E and codomain F by a set A may be defined as E A R it removes all elements of A from the domain E . It is sometimes denoted A R . Similarly, the range anti restriction or range subtraction of a function or binary relation R by a set B is defined as R F B it removes all elements of B from the codomain F . It is sometimes denoted R B . Examples The restriction of the non injective function math f mathbb R to mathbb R x mapsto x 2 math to math mathbb R 0, infty math is the injection math f mathbb R to mathbb R x mapsto x 2 math . The inclusion map of a set A into a superset E of A is the restriction of the identity function on E to A . See also Deformation retract Function mathematics Restrictions and extensions Binary relation Restriction DEFAULTSORT Restriction Mathematics Category Sheaf theory ca Restricci matem tiques cs Restrikce zobrazen de Einschr nkung es Restricci n matem ticas it Restrizione di una funzione ru fi Rajoittuma ... more details
Restriction sites , or restriction recognition sites , are locations on a DNA molecule containing specific 4 8 base pairs in length ref iGenetics A Mendelian Approach, Peter Russell, 2006 ref sequences of nucleotide s, which are recognized by restriction enzyme s. These are generally palindromic sequence s ref Cite book title Principles of Biochemistry edition 5th first1 Albert L. first2 David L. first3 Michael M. last1 Lehninger last2 Nelson last3 Cox publisher W.H. Freeman and Company location New York, NY year 2008 isbn 978 0 7167 7108 1 page 305 ref because restriction enzymes usually bind as homodimer s , and a particular restriction enzyme may cut the sequence between two nucleotides within its recognition site, or somewhere nearby. For example, the common restriction enzyme EcoRI recognizes the palindromic sequence GAATTC and cuts between the G and the A on both the top and bottom strands, leaving an overhang an end portion of a DNA strand with no attached complement known as a sticky end ref Cite book title Principles of Biochemistry edition 5th first1 Albert L. first2 David L. first3 Michael M. last1 Lehninger last2 Nelson last3 Cox publisher W.H. Freeman and Company location New York, NY year 2008 isbn 978 0 7167 7108 1 page 306 ref on each end, of AATT. This overhang can then be used to ligate in see DNA ligase a piece of DNA with a complementary overhang another EcoRI cut piece, for example . Some restriction enzymes cut DNA at a restriction site in a manner which leaves no overhang, a blunt end . ref Cite book title Principles of Biochemistry edition 5th first1 Albert L. first2 David L. first3 Michael M. last1 Lehninger last2 Nelson last3 Cox publisher W.H. Freeman and Company location New York, NY year 2008 isbn 978 0 7167 7108 1 page 306 ref References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Restriction Site Category Molecular biology molecular cell biology stub fr Sites de restriction it Sito di restrizione ru ... more details
In functional programming , in particular the ML programming language ML programming language family, the value restriction means that declaration computer science declaration s are only parametric polymorphism polymorphically let generalization generalized if they are syntactic values also called non expansive . The value restriction prevents reference cell s from holding values of different types and preserves type safety . See also Hindley&ndash Milner type inference References Andrew Wright 1995 . http citeseerx.ist.psu.edu viewdoc summary?doi 10.1.1.37.5096 Simple imperative polymorphism . In LISP and Symbolic Computation , p. 343 356. External links http mlton.org ValueRestriction Value Restriction &mdash MLton http users.cis.fiu.edu smithg cop4555 valrestr.html Notes on SML97 s Value Restriction &mdash Principles of Programming Languages, Geoffrey Smith, Florida International University Category Type inference Category ML programming language family plt stub ... more details
Multiple issues wikify January 2010 refimprove February 2011 orphan January 2010 Extrapulmonary restriction is a type of restrictive lung disease, indicated by decreased alveolar ventilation with accompanying hypercapnia . It is characterized as an inhibition to the drive to breath, or an ineffective restoration of the drive to breath. ref name McCance, K.L. 2008 page 488 491 McCance, K.L. & Huether, S.E. 2008 . Understanding Pathophysiology, page 488 491. Fourth Edition. St Louis C.V. Mosby. ref Extrapulmonary restriction can be caused by central and periphreal nervous system dysfunctions, over sedation, or trauma such as a broken rib . ref name McCance, K.L. 2008 page 488 491 References See Wikipedia Footnotes on how to create references using ref ref tags which will then appear here automatically Reflist Categories DEFAULTSORT Extrapulmonary Restriction Category Respiratory diseases ... more details
Refimprove date May 2009 A restriction digest is a procedure used in molecular biology to prepare Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA for analysis or other processing. It is sometimes termed DNA fragmentation this term is used for other procedures as well . Hartl and Jones describe it this way blockquote This enzymatic technique can be used for cleaving DNA molecules at specific sites, ensuring that all DNA ... bacteria. These enzymes are called restriction endonucleases or restriction enzymes, and they are able ... , and chromatography . It is used in genetic fingerprinting , and restriction fragment length polymorphism RFLP analysis . A given restriction enzyme cuts DNA segments within a specific DNA sequence nucleotide sequence , at what is called a restriction site . These recognition sequence .... Restriction enzymes specific to hundreds of distinct sequences have been identified and synthesized for sale to laboratories, and as a result, several potential restriction sites appear in almost ... dozens of restriction enzyme recognition sequences within a very short segment of DNA. This allows ... vectors , which can be efficiently cloned by insertion into replicating bacterial cells. After restriction ... amino acid amino acids . Possible Uses Restriction digests are necessary for performing any of the following analytical techniques RFLP Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism AFLP Amplified fragment ... Various restriction enzymes There are numerous types of restriction enzymes, each of which will cut DNA differently. See article on restriction enzyme Examples Restriction enzymes for examples . There are some .... Different restriction enzymes also have different optimal temperatures under which they function ... PCR Restriction fragment length polymorphism References Reflist External links http www.neb.com nebecomm EnzymeFinder.asp? New England Biolabs Producer of restriction enzymes. This site contains .... http rebase.neb.com rebase rebase.html REBASE DEFAULTSORT Restriction Digest Category Molecular ... more details
Other uses Restriction disambiguation A restriction map is a map of known restriction sites within a sequence of DNA . Restriction mapping requires the use of restriction enzyme s. In molecular biology , restriction maps are used as a reference to engineer plasmids or other relatively short pieces of DNA, and sometimes for longer genomic DNA. There are other ways of mapping features on DNA for longer length DNA molecules, such as mapping by Transduction genetics transduction Bitner, Kuempel 1981 . One approach in constructing a restriction map of a DNA molecule is to sequence the whole molecule and to run the sequence through a computer program that will find the recognition sites that are present for every restriction enzyme known. Before sequencing was automated, it would have been prohibitively expensive to sequence an entire DNA strand. Even today sequencing is overkill for many applications. To find the relative positions of restriction sites on a plasmid, a technique involving single and double restriction digests is used. Based on the sizes of the resultant DNA fragments the positions of the sites can be inferred. Restriction mapping is a very useful technique when used for determining ... restriction site in the insert Dale, Von Schantz, 2003 . Method The experimental procedure first requires ... of the REN restriction endonuclease sites by placing them in spots on the original DNA fragment that would satisfy the fragment sizes produced by all three digests. See also restriction enzymes for more ... of restriction mapping is presented Determining the orientation of a cloned insert. This method requires that restriction maps of the cloning vector and the insert are already available. If you know of a restriction site placed towards one end of the insert you can determine the orientation ... kb and 1kb. resultant map Image Restriction Map Example.svg frame center Resultant map Appendix Related ... the sample. See also Vector NTI bioinformatics software used among other things to predict restriction ... more details
Restriction enzyme glossary A restriction enzyme or restriction endonuclease is an enzyme that cuts DNA at specific recognition nucleotide sequences with Type II restriction enzymes cutting double stranded DNA known as restriction sites . ref name pmid795607 cite journal author Roberts RJ title Restriction ... cite journal author Kessler C, Manta V title Specificity of restriction endonucleases and DNA ... Biology volume 16 year 1993 origyear pages 107 200 chapter Chapter 8 Restriction Enzymes ... cite journal author Arber W, Linn S title DNA modification and restriction journal Annu. Rev ... multiple mechanisms for avoiding the deoxyribonucleic acid restriction systems of their hosts journal ... doi url ref Inside a bacterial host, the restriction enzymes selectively cut up foreign DNA in a process called restriction host DNA is Methylation methylated by a modification enzyme a methylase to protect it from the restriction enzyme s activity. Collectively, these two processes form the restriction modification system . ref name pmid11557807 cite journal author Kobayashi I title Behavior of restriction ... 55917 doi 10.1093 nar 29.18.3742 url accessdate ref To cut the DNA, a restriction enzyme makes two ... 3000 restriction enzymes have been studied in detail, and more than 600 of these are available commercially ... for DNA restriction and modification pmid 17202163 doi 10.1093 nar gkl891 pmc 1899104 ref and are routinely ... of a restriction enzyme, HindII , in 1970, ref cite doi 10.1016 0022 2836 70 90149 X ref ref cite journal author Roberts RJ title How restriction enzymes became the workhorses of molecular biology ... 15840723 ref and the subsequent discovery and characterization of numerous restriction endonucleases, ref cite journal author Danna K, Nathans D title Specific Cleavage of Simian Virus 40 DNA by Restriction ... of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics accessdate 2008 06 ... 10.1073 pnas.75.8.3727 url ref Recognition site File EcoRV Restriction Site.rsh.svg thumb right A palindromic ... more details
In mathematics , restriction of scalars also known as Weil restriction is a functor which, for any finite field extension extension of fields L k and any algebraic variety X over L , produces another variety Res sub L k sub X , defined over k . It is useful for reducing questions about varieties over large fields to questions about more complicated varieties over smaller fields. Definition Let L k be a finite extension of fields, and X a variety defined over L . The functor math mathrm Res L k X math from k scheme mathematics schemes sup op sup to sets is defined by math mathrm Res L k X S X S times k L math In particular, the k rational points of math mathrm Res L k X math are the L rational points of X . The variety that representable functor represents this functor is called the restriction of scalars, and is unique up to unique isomorphism if it exists. From the standpoint of sheaf mathematics sheaves of sets, restriction of scalars is just a pushforward along the morphism Spec L math to math Spec k and is right adjoint to fiber product , so the above definition can be rephrased in much ... less control over the behavior of the restriction of scalars. Properties For any finite extension of fields, the restriction of scalars takes quasiprojective varieties to quasiprojective varieties ... space s yields a restriction of scalars functor that takes algebraic stack s to algebraic stacks ... and math f t g t,1 e 1 dots g t,s e s math . 3 Restriction of scalars over a finite extension of fields ... C times math . See Mumford Tate group . 5 The Weil restriction of a commutative group variety is again a commutative group variety. Aleksander Momot applied restriction of scalars on group varieties and obtained numerous generalizations of classical results from transcendence theory . 6 Restriction ... vs. Greenberg transforms Restriction of scalars is similar to the Greenberg transform, but does not generalize ... and small transcendence degree , http arxiv.org pdf 1011.3368v5 Martin Olsson. Hom stacks and restriction ... more details
Oligomer Restriction abbreviated OR is a procedure to detect an Genetic polymorphism altered DNA sequence in a genome . A labeled oligonucleotide Hybridization probe probe is Nucleic acid hybridization hybridized to a target DNA, and then treated with a restriction enzyme . If the probe exactly matches the target, the restriction enzyme will cleave the probe, changing its size. If, however, the target DNA does not exactly match the probe, the restriction enzyme will have no effect on the length of the probe. The OR technique, now rarely performed, was closely associated with the development of the popular polymerase chain reaction PCR method. Image ORDemo.gif thumb right 450px center Mechanism of Oligomer Restriction. center Example In part 1a of the schematic the oligonucleotide probe, labeled ... of the probe includes the Recognition site for the restriction enzyme Dde I underlined . In part 1b, the restriction enzyme has cleaved the probe and its target Dde I leaves three bases unpaired at each ... Cell Anemia , or SCA . The mismatched hybrid no longer acts as a recognition site for the restriction enzyme, and the probe remains at its original length. History The Oligomer Restriction technique was developed as a variation of the Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism RFLP assay method, with the hope ... restriction sites and nucleic acid sequences. U.S. Patent 4683194. ref and published in 1985, ref name ... of beta globin genomic sequences and restriction site analysis for diagnosis of sickle cell ... probes Nature vol. 324 6093 pp. 163 166 1986 . ref Problems The Oligomer Restriction method was beset ... alter a restriction site, and only to those sites for which sequence information was known. Many of the known ... restriction enzymes have the desired specificity for their recognition sequence. Some can recognize ... as if any problem occurred preventing the complete digestion by restriction enzyme. In the actual method reported, ref name Saiki1 a second non polymorphic restriction site was used to cut all of the hybridized ... more details
Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 Unreferenced date May 2010 MHC restricted antigen recognition , or MHC restriction , refers to the fact that a given T cell will recognize a peptide antigen only when it is bound to a host body s own Major histocompatibility complex MHC molecule. Normally, as T cells are stimulated only in the presence of self MHC molecules, antigen is recognized only as peptides bound to self MHC molecules. MHC restriction is particularly important when primary lymphocytes are developing and differentiating in the thymus or bone marrow . It is at this stage that T cells die by apoptosis if they express high affinity for self antigens presented by an MHC molecule or express too low affinity for self MHC. This is ensured through two distinct developmental stages positive selection and negative selection. Developing T cells in the primary lymphoid organs thymus first express neither CD4, CD8 nor TcR T cell receptor . This is referred to as double negative selection. After differentiation, the T cell expresses both CD4 , CD8 and T cell receptor TcR . This is referred to as double positive selection. It is at this stage that select T cells undergo apoptosis if they are found to select for self antigen. This is a necessary step as it prevents T cells from cascading an autoimmunity autoimmune response against its host tissues. Ultimately, the T cells differentiate and mature to express either CD4 and TcR or CD8 and TcR. At this point the T cells leave the primary lymphoid organ and enter the blood stream. Conversely, it is thought that MHC Restriction plays a pivotal role in the antiretroviral therapy used to treat HIV AIDS as it can increase the CD4 cell count thus increasing the likelihood for an immune response to be prompted. citation needed date September 2011 DEFAULTSORT Mhc Restriction Category Immune system Immunology stub de MHC Restriktion ... more details
The restriction point R is a point in G1 phase G sub 1 sub of the animal cell cycle at which the cell ... 4930 pmid 2683075 ref History of the restriction point Originally, Temin showed that chicken cells ... What is the restriction point? year 1995 last1 Zetterberg first1 Anders last2 Larsson first2 Olle ... About 20 years later, in 1973, Arthur Pardee demonstrated that a single restriction point exists in G1 ... point in G1 phase G sub 1 sub , which he termed the restriction point, or R point ref name pardee74 cite journal pages 1286 90 pmc 388211 doi 10.1073 pnas.71.4.1286 title A Restriction Point for Control ... for in the time it takes the cell to move from the restriction point to S phase . ref name zetterberg85 ... 82 issue 16 jstor 25651 pmid 3860868 ref Extracellular Signals and the Restriction Point Except ... is made before S phase in G1 phase G sub 1 sub at what is known as the restriction point, and is determined ... additional time about 8 hours more than the withdrawal time in culture after passing the restriction point to enter S phase . ref name zetterberg95 Restriction point mechanism Signals from ... towards the restriction point. Cyclin D , however has a high turnover rate t sub 1 2 sub 25 min . It is because ... The Restriction Point of the Cell Cycle first1 Mikhail V. last1 Blagosklonny first2 Arthur B ... demonstrated that the a bistable hysteresis hysteric E2F switch underlies the restriction point. E2F ... title A bistable Rb E2F switch underlies the restriction point year 2008 last1 Yao first1 Guang ... Lingchong journal Nature Cell Biology volume 10 issue 4 pmid 18364697 ref The restriction point in cancer Cancer can be seen as a disruption of normal restriction point function, as cells continually ... at many steps in the pathway towards the restriction point can result in cancerous growth of cells ... CKI s lower the stringency of the restriction point, allowing more cells to bypass senescence. ref name malumbres File e2fdynamics.png thumb E2F Dynamics at the restriction point ref name holsberger ... more details
Caloric restriction CR , or calorie restriction , is a Diet nutrition dietary regimen that restricts calorie intake, where the baseline for the restriction varies, usually being the previous, Ad libitum Biology unrestricted , intake of the subjects. Calorie restriction without malnutrition ref name Anderson09 ... lives accessdate 2011 09 02 ref Calorie restriction is a feature of several Diet nutrition dietary ... Restriction 1988 ISBN 0 398 05496 7 . The findings have since been accepted and generalized to a range ... in humans. In the meantime, many people have independently adopted the practice of calorie restriction ... first1 L. title Long term calorie restriction is highly effective in reducing the risk for atherosclerosis ... Calorie Restriction For Long Life , MSNBC, Oct 5, 2007 ref The mean BMI in the CR group dropped from ... Fontana first1 L. title Long term calorie restriction is highly effective in reducing the risk for atherosclerosis ... a period of two years. ref name nyt Cite news last Gertner first Jon title The Calorie Restriction ... O. title Long term effects of calorie or protein restriction on serum IGF 1 and IGFBP 3 concentration ... Caloric restriction improves memory in elderly humans journal Proceedings of the National Academy ... studies show that calorie restriction can improve longevity and health in model organisms, and studies ... of Calorie Restriction Implications for Modification of Human Aging isbn 978 90 481 3998 9 ref Musculoskeletal ... restriction journal Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care volume 13 issue 1 pages ... to caloric restriction induced weight loss or exercise induced weight loss a randomized controlled ... calorie restriction diet my00578 title Calorie Restriction Diet for Anti Aging date accessdate 2010 ... intakes that are a necessary feature of an anti aging calorie restriction diet. ref name St. Jeor ... last8 Pennington Calerie first8 Team title Is caloric restriction associated with development of eating ... from a binge eating disorder, calorie restriction can precipitate an episode of binge eating , but it does ... more details
linguistics Collocational restriction is a linguistic term used in morphology linguistics morphology . The term refers to the fact that in certain two word phrases the meaning of an individual word is restricted to that particular phrase cf. idiom . For instance the adjective dry can only mean not sweet in combination with the noun wine . A more illustrative example is the one given below white wine white coffee white noise white man All four instances of white can be said to be idiomatic because in combination with certain nouns the meaning of white changes. In none of the examples does white have its usual meaning. Instead, in the examples above it means yellowish , brownish , containing many frequencies with about equal amplitude , and pinkish or pale brown , respectively. Bibliography Carstairs McCarthy, A. 2002 , An Introduction to English Morphology , Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. Crystal, D. 2003 , A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics , Blackwell, Oxford. See also Collocation Category Linguistic morphology ... more details
unreferenced date March 2008 trading blocs A trade restriction is an artificial restriction on the trade of goods between two countries. It is the result of protectionism . However, the term is controversial because what one part may see as a trade restriction another may see as a way to protect consumers from inferior, harmful or dangerous products. For instance Germany required the production of beer to adhere to Reinheitsgebot its purity law . The law, originally implemented in Bavaria in 1516 and eventually becoming law for Unification of Germany newly unified Germany in 1871, made many foreign beers unable to be sold in Germany as beer . This law was struck down in 1987 by the European Court of Justice , but is still voluntarily followed by many German breweries. Rectangular headlamp s were promoted in the United States where round lamps were required until 1975. By 1979, the majority of new cars now had the Rectangle rectangular headlamps. Again, the U.S. permitted only two standardized sizes of rectangle rectangular sealed beam lamp A system of two 200 mm x 142 mm high low beam units corresponding to the existing 7 round format, or a system of four 165 mm x 100 mm units two high low and two high beam corresponding to the existing 5 inch 146 mm round format. In 1968 the United States Department of Transportation U.S. DOT outlawed any decorative or protective element in front of the headlamps whenever the headlamps are switched on. Glass covered headlamps, used on e.g. the Jaguar E Type , the pre 1968 VW Beetle , the Porsche 356 , the Citro n DS and Ferrari Daytona . therefore had to be equipped with uncovered headlamps for the US market, further altering the look of European models sold in the United States. This change meant that vehicles designed for solid aerodynamic performance could not achieve it for the US market. In 1984, the DOT changed this rule, allowing replaceable bulb headlamps of nonstandard shapes. However, this change did ... more details
Selfref For the exporting of wiki pages on Wikipedia, see Help Export . wiktionary ExportexportExport is the movement of goods, or selling of services, out of a country, area or settlement Export may also refer to Beers Export , a type of beer in Scotland, see Scottish beer Molson Export is a type of Canadian beer Dortmunder Export Oland Export Ale is a type of Canadian beer Other uses Valie Export born 1940 , an Austrian artist Import and export of data in computing to export is to convert a file into a format other than the original format. Once exported, the file can be used by an application that recognizes the exported format. export C is a rarely used language keyword EXPORT , an Exobiology experiment, developed by ESA, to be externally mounted on the ISS Export , Pennsylvania , a borough of Westmoreland County in Pennsylvania Export rail station is goods rail station, was built for the construction Saint Petersburg Dam In Unix , export is a command that sets environment variable s for use for the duration of the session. export is usually a Shell builtin shell built in command . Export revolution , actions by a victorious revolutionary government to promote similar revolutions in other countries Export cigarette , a line of tobacco products produced by JTI Macdonald and sold in Canada disambig de Export Begriffskl rung fr Export ru ... more details
Export is a line of tobacco products produced by JTI Macdonald and sold in Canada . The most recognized products are the Export A product line. However, JTI also produces an unfiltered Export Plain cigarette and Export rolling tobacco . Products Export Plain unfiltered Export A Full Flavour green Export A Rich red Export A Medium blue Export A Smooth gold Export A Extra Smooth silver Export A Ultra smooth light blue Cigarettes Category Canadian brands Category Japan Tobacco brands Product stub fr Export cigarette ... more details
unreferenced date April 2010 ambox type move text A majority of the content was moved to Export of cryptography in the United States on 19 January 2010 The export of cryptography is the transfer from one country to another of devices and technology related to cryptography . Note Copied from Expor of cryptography in the United States In the early days of the Cold War , the U.S. and its allies developed an elaborate series of export control regulations designed to prevent a wide range of Western technology from falling into the hands of others, particularly the Eastern bloc . All export of technology classed as critical required a license. CoCom was organized to coordinate Western export controls. Currently, many countries, notably those participating in the Wassenaar Arrangement , have similar restrictions. Citation needed date March 2009 See also Export of cryptography in the United States Restrictions on the import of cryptography crypto stub DEFAULTSORT Export Of Cryptography Category Cryptography law Category Computer law Category Export and import control it Esportazione della crittografia ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Mergeto Export oriented industrialization date May 2009 An export oriented company is one which produces good accounting goods mainly for export s, rather than for the domestic market. The term is commonly used to describe factory factories in developing countries producing goods for developed countries. Such companies are heavily dependent on the exchange rate , usually wanting their domestic currency to be weak, as this allows them to sell their products cheaply abroad. See also Export oriented industrialization DEFAULTSORT Export Oriented Category Goods Category Consumer theory Econ stub de Exportorientierung ... more details
Export restitution is a term in the EU for variable export subsidies given to traders to cover the difference between the higher internal Common Agricultural Policy price of a commodity and its lower world price. References CRS article Report for Congress Agriculture A Glossary of Terms, Programs, and Laws, 2005 Edition url http ncseonline.org nle crsreports 05jun 97 905.pdf author Jasper Womach DEFAULTSORT Export Restitution Category European Union and agriculture ... more details
Export hay is hay that is produced for export markets. In Australia , hay needs to meet a number of quality standards before it can be exported. Because hay in standard round and large square bales is not dense enough to be economically exported to overseas markets, export hay is normally processed to increase the density of the product and improve its suitability for containerization . This form of processing was pioneered by ACX Pacific Northwest , and is often referred to as double compression. This process allows forage and roughage exporters to inspect and package the hay prior to shipping. In Australia, Oat en hay is the most common type of export hay. Alfalfa also known as lucerne in Australia is also grown for export hay, often under irrigation, and is the most common type of export hay in the U.S. Modern Export Markets Expand With Internet Communication Hay export markets are also experiencing the expanding influence provided by technology driven markets. A large influence has developed from internet resources such as private and government websites, blogs and even news website. These channels are often designed to specifically help hay buyers and sellers connect through social and business media. Making communication easily available gives greater leverage and transparency to the hay export markets and provides technology tools such as http wheretobuyhay.com hay for sale classifieds listings where hay buyers, brokers, ranchers, dairies and various industries can readily connect with hay producing farms. These modern export technologies are ever expanding as new media develops. Some of these media also develop software tracking tools for modern hay export assistance. External links http www.acxpacific.com ACX Pacific Northwest, Inc. http www.rirdc.gov.au RIRDC Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation Category Fodder Agri stub ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
