Image Grand prismatic spring.jpg right thumb 300px Thermophile s, a type of extremophile, produce some of the bright colors of Grand Prismatic Spring , Yellowstone National Park An extremophile from Latin lang la extremus meaning extreme and Greek lang grc Latn phili lang grc meaning love is an organism that thrives in physically or geochemically extreme environment extreme conditions that are detrimental to most life on Earth . ref Rampelotto, P. H. 2010 . Resistance of microorganisms to extreme environmental conditions and its contribution to Astrobiology. Sustainability, 2, 1602 1623. ref ref Rothschild, L.J. Mancinelli, R.L. Life in extreme environments. Nature 2001, 409, 1092 1101 ref In contrast, organisms that live in more moderate environments may be termed mesophile s or neutrophile s. The category name is unfortunate as it calls for subjective judgements of two issues firstly, the degree of deviation from normal justifying the use of extreme , and secondly, whether the organism prefers the environment or merely tolerates it. In the 1980s and 1990s, biologists found that microbial life has an amazing flexibility for surviving in extreme environments niches that are extraordinarily ... to use the term extremophile to encompass all archaeans, as some are Mesophile mesophilic . Neither ... as in oceanic trench es Polyextremophile An organism that qualifies as an extremophile under more ... July url http hdl.handle.net 2264 330 cite journal title Extremophile author C.Michael Hogan coauthors ... & C.Cleveland volume issue pages year 2010 month url http www.eoearth.org article Extremophile?topic ... 200&cached true Extremophile Research http www.nhm.ac.uk zoology extreme.html Eukaryotes in extreme ... microbiology 2660 Idaho National Laboratory Extremophile Category Bacteria Category Microbial growth ... Category Astrobiology ar bg ca Extremof lia cs Extr mofil de Extremophile ... organismer nn Ekstremofilar pl Ekstremofil pt Extrem filo ru simple Extremophile ... more details
Metallotolerants are extremophile s that are able to survive in environments with a high concentration of dissolved Heavy metal chemistry heavy metal s in solution. Metallotolerants may be found in environments containing arsenic , cadmium , copper , and zinc . Known metallotolerants include Ferroplasma sp. and Cupriavidus metallidurans . References Reflist refbegin Extremophile Category Metallotolerants microbiology stub id Metalotoleran ru uk ... more details
mergeto Extremophile date March 2011 A polyextremophile faux Ancient Greek for affection for many extremes is an organism which combines several extremophile extremophilic features. For example, a polyextremophile living at the summit of a mountain in the Atacama Desert might be a radioresistant xerophile , a psychrophile , and an oligotroph . Polyextremophiles are well known for their ability to tolerate both high and low pH levels. See also Deinococcus radiodurans Tardigrade External links http www.daviddarling.info encyclopedia P polyextremophile.html Polyextremophile on David Darling s Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, Astronomy, and Spaceflight Extremophile ecology stub Microbiology stub Category Bacteria Category Polyextremophiles Category Ecology fr Polyextr mophile no Polyekstremofile organismer pt Poliextrem filo ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 See also Neutrophil granulocyte A neutrophile is an organism that thrives in neutral pH environments. See also Acidophile organisms Acidophile Alkaliphile Extremophile Category Microbiology Microbiology stub fr Neutrophile nn N ytrofil sq Neutrofilia ... more details
automatic taxobox subdivision see text authority Pilato, 1987 Mesocrista is a genus of water bear or moss piglet , a tardigrada tardigrade in the class Eutardigrada . Species Mesocrista marcusi small Rudescu, 1964 small Mesocrista spitzbergensis small Richters, 1903 small References reflist External links Animalia Extremophile Category Tardigrades Category Polyextremophiles ... more details
automatic taxobox subdivision see text authority Biserov, 1992 Eremobiotus is a genus of water bear or moss piglet , a tardigrada tardigrade in the class Eutardigrada . Species Eremobiotus alicatai small Binda 1969 small Eremobiotus ovezovae small Biserov, 1992 small References reflist External links Animalia Extremophile Category Tardigrades Category Extremophiles ... more details
orphan date May 2010 An extremozyme is an enzyme , often created by extremophiles that can function under extreme environmental conditions such as very high pH , very low pH , high temperature , high salinity , or other factors, that would otherwise Denaturation biochemistry denature typical enzymes e.g. catalase , rubisco , carbonic anhydrase . ref http www.ornl.gov info ornlreview rev32 3 amazing.htm ref See also Extremophile Berkeley Pit Enzyme Polypeptide Protein Allostery References reflist Category Proteins Category Extremophiles ... more details
automatic taxobox image Waterbear.jpg image width 288px image caption Hypsibius dujardini subdivision see text authority Pilato, 1969 Hypsibiidae is a family of water bear or moss piglet , a tardigrada tardigrade in the class Eutardigrada . Genera Acutuncus Astatumen Diphascon Doryphoribius Eremobiotus Halobiotus Hebesuncus Hypsibius Isohypsibius Itaquascon Mesocrista Mixibius Paradiphascon Parascon Platicrista Pseudobiotus Ramajendas Ramazzottius Thulinius References reflist External links Animalia Extremophile Category Tardigrades Category Polyextremophiles ... more details
Automatic taxobox fossil range fossil range Cretaceous Recent ref ref name Budd2001 cite doi 10.1078 0044 5231 00034 ref image Waterbear.jpg image caption Hypsibius dujardini subdivision see text Parachaela is an order of water bear or moss piglet , a tardigrada tardigrade in the class Eutardigrada . Families Beornidae Calohypsibiidae Eohypsibiidae Hypsibiidae Macrobiotidae Microhypsibiidae Necopinatidae References reflist External links Animalia Extremophile Category Tardigrades Category Polyextremophiles ... more details
automatic taxobox subdivision see text authority Bertolani, 2003 Thulinius is a genus of water bear or moss piglet , a tardigrada tardigrade in the class Eutardigrada . Species Thulinius augusti small Murray, 1907 small Thulinius ruffoi small Bertolani, 1982 small Thulinius stephaniae small Pilato, 1974 small References reflist External links Animalia Extremophile Category Tardigrades Category Polyextremophiles ... more details
automatic taxobox subdivision see text authority Pilato & Binda, 1991 Ramajendas is a genus of water bear or moss piglet , a tardigrada tardigrade in the class Eutardigrada . Species Ramajendas frigidus small Pilato and Binda, 1991 small Ramajendas heatwolei small Miller, Horning and Dastych, 1995 small Ramajendas renaudi small Ramazzotti, 1972 small References reflist External links Animalia Extremophile Category Tardigrades Category Xerophiles ... more details
Automatic taxobox subdivision see text authority Pilato, 1997 Astatumen is a genus of water bear or moss piglet , a tardigrada tardigrade in the class Eutardigrada . Species Astatumen bartosi small W glarska, 1959 small Astatumen tamaensis small Sudzuki 1975 small Astatumen tamurai small Ito 1990 small Astatumen trinacriae small Arcidiacono, 1962 small References reflist External links Animalia Extremophile Category Tardigrades Category Polyextremophiles ... more details
automatic taxobox subdivision see text authority Kristensen, 1982 Halobiotus is a genus of water bear or moss piglet , a tardigrada tardigrade in the class Eutardigrada . Species Halobiotus arcturulius small Crisp and Kristensen, 1983 small Halobiotus crispae small Kristensen, 1982 small Halobiotus stenostomus small Richters, 1908 small References reflist External links Animalia Extremophile Category Tardigrades Category Polyextremophiles ... more details
automatic taxobox subdivision see text authority Pilato and Binda, 1987 Parascon is a genus of water bear or moss piglet , a tardigrada tardigrade in the class Eutardigrada . ref ITIS report Parascon Pilato and Binda, 1987 http www.itis.gov servlet SingleRpt SingleRpt?search topic TSN&search value 710237 ref Species Parascon nichollsae small Pilato and Lisi, 2004 small Parascon schusteri small Pilato & Binda 1987 small References reflist External links Animalia Extremophile Category Tardigrades Category Polyextremophiles ... more details
automatic taxobox subdivision see text authority Pilato, 1987 Hebesuncus is a genus of water bear or moss piglet , a tardigrada tardigrade in the class Eutardigrada . Species Hebesuncus conjungens small Thulin 1911 small Hebesuncus ryani small Dastych and Harris, 1994 small Hebesuncus schusteri small Dastych, 1984 small References reflist External links Animalia Extremophile Category Tardigrades Category Polyextremophiles ... more details
Taxobox name Hydrogenothermaceae colour lightgrey domain Bacteria phylum Aquificae classis Aquificae ordo Aquificales familia Hydrogenothermaceae subdivision ranks Genera subdivision Hydrogenothermus Persephonella Sulfurihydrogenibium Venenivibrio stagnispumantis Venenivibrio The Hydrogenothermaceae family are bacterium bacteria that live in harsh environmental settings. They have been found in hot springs, sulfur pools, thermal ocean vents. They are true bacteria as opposed to the other inhabitants of extreme environments, the Archaea . An example occurrence of certain extremophile s in this family are organisms of the genus Sulfurihydrogenibium that are capable of surviving in extremely hot environments such as Hverigerdi, Iceland. ref cite web author C.Michael Hogan eds. E.Monosson and C.Cleveland url http www.eoearth.org article Extremophile?topic 49540 title Extremophile accessdate 2011 06 11 work Encyclopedia of Earth publisher National Council for Science and the Environment, Washington DC date 2010 ref Classification Family Hydrogenothermaceae ref cite web author J.P. Euz by url http www.bacterio.cict.fr classifphyla.html Aquificae title Hydrogenothermaceae accessdate 2011 06 11 work List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature publisher date ref Hydrogenothermus small St hr et al. 2001 small Hydrogenothermus marinus small St hr et al. 2001 small Venenivibrio small Hetzer et al. 2008 small Venenivibrio stagnispumantis small Hetzer et al. 2008 small Persephonella small G tz et al. 2002 small P. guaymasensis small G tz et al. 2002 small P. hydrogeniphila small Nakagawa et al. 2003 small P. marina small G tz et al. 2002 small Sulfurihydrogenibium small Takai et al. 2003 emend. O Neill et al. 2008 small S. azorense small Aguiar et al. 2004 emend. Nakagawa et al. 2005 small S. kristjanssonii small Flores et al. 2008 small S. rodmanii small O Neill et al. 2008 small S. subterraneum small Takai et al. 2003 emend. Nakagawa et al. 2005 small S. yellowstone ... more details
for the Romania n commune called Uzon in Hungarian language Hungarian Ozun Infobox mountain name Uzon photo Uzon caldera.jpg photo caption The Uzon and Geyzernaya calderas. Sharp peaked Kronotsky volcano and flat topped Krasheninnikov volcano Krasheninnikov volcano appear in the distance beyond the north caldera rim. elevation m 1,617 elevation ref prominence location Kamchatka Peninsula Kamchatka , Russia range coordinates coord 54.50 N 159.97 E type mountain topo type Volcanic caldera s age last eruption 5700 BC ± 50 years first ascent easiest route Uzon lang ru is a 9 by 12 km volcanic caldera located in the eastern part of Kamchatka Peninsula , Russia . Together with the Geyzernaya caldera it hosts the largest geothermal field in the Kamchatka Peninsula. The calderas were formed in the mid Pleistocene in several large eruptions that deposited 20 25 km sup 3 sup of ignimbrite over a wide area. Lake Dalny fills a Holocene maar in the northeast of Uzon caldera. The Uzon caldera is a location of the occurrence of extremophile micro organisms due to its high localized temperatures. C.Michael Hogan. 2010 See also List of volcanoes in Russia References C.Michael Hogan. 2010. http www.eoearth.org article Extremophile?topic 49540 Extremophile . eds. E.Monosson and C.Cleveland. Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment, Washington DC cite gvp vnum 1000 17 name Uzon Category Volcanoes of Kamchatka Category Volcanic calderas of Russia Category Diatremes of Russia Category Maars Category Crater lakes Category Pleistocene volcanoes KamchatkaKrai geo stub de Uzon nl Oezon no Uzon nn Uzon ru sk Uzon zh ... more details
Taxobox domain Archaea regnum Crenarchaeota phylum Crenarchaeota classis Thermoprotei ordo Desulfurococcales familia Pyrodictiaceae genus Pyrolobus binomial Pyrolobus fumarii binomial authority Bl ch, Rachel, Burggraf, Hafenbradl, Jannasch & Stetter, 1999 Pyrolobus fumarii is a species of archaea known for its ability to survive at extremely high temperatures that kill most organisms. ref C.Michael Hogan. 2010. http www.eoearth.org article Extremophile?topic 49540 Extremophile . eds. E.Monosson and C.Cleveland. Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment, washington DC ref It was first discovered in 1997 in a black smoker hydrothermal vent at the Mid Atlantic Ridge , setting the upper temperature threshold for known life to exist at 113 C. ref name ns cite web url http environment.newscientist.com article dn14208 the most extreme lifeforms in the universe.html title The most extreme life forms in the universe accessdate 2008 06 26 last Davison first Anna coauthors date 26 June 2008 work publisher NewScientist.com news service ref ref cite paper last first author Bl chl E coauthors Rachel R, Burggraf S, Hafenbradl D, Jannasch HW, Stetter KO. title Pyrolobus fumarii, gen. and sp. nov., represents a novel group of archaea, extending the upper temperature limit for life to 113 degrees C. version pages publisher pubmed.gov date 1997 Feb url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pubmed 9680332 format id accessdate ref Strain 121 , a microbe from the same family found at a vent in the Pacific Ocean , survived and multiplied during a 10 hour interval spent at 121 C in an autoclave . ref name ns References reflist Extremophile Category Archaea species archaea stub fr Pyrolobus fumarii pt Pyrolobus fumarii ... more details
Infobox power station name Rotokawa Power Station image image caption location map New Zealand country New Zealand locale Waikato lat d 38 lat m 36 lat s 43 lat NS S long d 176 long m 11 long s 35 long EW E coordinates type type landmark region NZ coordinates display title owner Mighty River Power status Operational primary fuel Geothermal conveyance combined cycle generation units max planned cap 34 MW commissioned 1997, 2002 decommissioned The Rotokawa Power Station is a geothermal power station owned and operated by Mighty River Power . It is located approximately 10 km north east of Taupo in New Zealand . The station uses a binary cycle manufactured by Ormat Industries . In May 2008, work began on the nearby Nga Awa Purua Power Station . ref cite web url http www.mightyriverpower.co.nz Generation PowerStations Geothermal Rotokawa title Rotokawa publisher Mighty River Power ref Environmental aspects Due to the high temperatures associated with the geothermal vent here, this locale is an occurrence of extremophile micro organisms that can thrive on the high vent water temperature. ref C.Michael Hogan. 2010. http www.eoearth.org article Extremophile?topic 49540 Extremophile . eds. E.Monosson and C.Cleveland. Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment, Washington DC ref See also Geothermal power in New Zealand List of power stations in New Zealand References reflist Electricity generation in Waikato Category Geothermal power stations in New Zealand Category Taupo District Category Buildings and structures in the Taupo District NewZealand powerstation stub ... more details
Image Snottite.jpg thumb 450px right Snottites in Cueva de Villa Luz in Southern Mexico Snottites are colonies of cell biology single celled extremophile extremophilic bacteria which hang from the walls and ceilings of cave s and are similar to small stalactite s, but have the consistency of snot , a slang word for nasal mucus . The bacteria derive their energy from chemosynthesis of volcanic sulfur compounds including H sub 2 sub S and warm water solution dripping down from above, producing sulfuric acid . Because of this, their waste products are highly acidic approaching pH 0 , with similar properties to battery acid . ref http www.bbc.co.uk programmes b00qyxfb ref Snottites were recently brought to attention by researchers Diana Northup and Penelope Boston Penny Boston , studying them and other organisms in a toxic sulfur cave called Cueva de Villa Luz Cave of the Lighted House , in Tabasco , Mexico . The term snottite was originally given to these cave features by Jim Pisarowicz in 1986. Brian Cox physicist Brian Cox s BBC series Wonders of the Solar System saw the scientist examining snottites in the caves and positing that, if there is life on Mars , it may be similarly primitive and hidden beneath the surface of the Mars Red Planet . See also Archaea References Reflist External links http www.nasa.gov vision universe solarsystem cave slime.html NASA site http www.caveslime.org Slime Team Site Extremophile Category Speleothems Category Sulphophiles Category Cave organisms Category Microbiology bacteria stub nl Snottiet ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Infobox settlement name Onverwacht nickname image skyline image caption pushpin map Suriname mapsize 150px map caption The location of Paramaribo in Suriname subdivision type List of countries Country subdivision name Suriname subdivision type1 Districts of Suriname District subdivision name1 Para District latd 5 latm 35 lats 30 latNS N longd 55 longm 10 longs 40 longEW W coordinates type region SR type city coordinates display display inline,title timezone ART utc offset 3 Onverwacht lit. in Dutch language Dutch Unexpect is a capital town of Para District , Suriname . It is located at around Coord 5 35 30 N 55 11 40 W region SR type city . The locality is notable for finding of some of the earliest known evidence of bacteria is in Onverwacht shales, C.Michael Hogan. 2010 dating to several billion years before present. References C.Michael Hogan. 2010. http www.eoearth.org article Extremophile?topic 49540 Extremophile . eds. E.Monosson and C.Cleveland. Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment, Washington DC. Category Populated places in Para District Suriname geo stub de Onverwacht Suriname es Onverwacht lt Onvervachtas nl Onverwacht pl Onverwacht ro Onverwacht ru srn Onverwacht ... more details
italictitle Taxobox name Paralvinella sulfincola image Palm worms.jpg regnum Animal ia phylum Annelid Annelida classis Polychaeta ordo Terebellida familia Alvinellidae genus Paralvinella species P. sulfincola binomial Paralvinella sulfincola Paralvinella sulfincola is a species of worm of the Alvinellidae family that thrives on undersea hot water vents. It dwells in the hottest of waters, thriving in temperatures that would kill most other animals. This characteristic makes it an extremophile or, more specifically, a hyperthermophile . Their unique abilities to withstand hot water shooting like a geyser from hydrothermal openings enables the stalk like worms to prey on bacteria that other animals cannot reach. It is difficult to know precisely which temperatures the worms can tolerate, since the water from vents pours out at temperatures beyond the boiling point, but cools quickly in the chilly sea water. They belong to the polychaetes group. These worms construct tubes made out of mucus, and are completely mobile. Their appearance resembles that of a tiny red palm tree with red gills. See also Pompeii worm External links http www.pmel.noaa.gov vents nemo explorer bio gallery biogallery Info.00044.html Photo gallery at NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory Extremophile annelid stub Category Terebellida Category Thermophiles Category Organisms living on hydrothermal vents es Paralvinella nl Paralvinella sulfincola ... more details
An extreme environment exhibits extreme conditions which are challenging to most life forms. These may be extremely high or low ranges of temperature, radiation, pressure, acidity, alkalinity, air, water, salt, sugar, carbon dioxide, sulphur, petroleum and many others. An extreme environment is one place where humans generally do not live or could die there. There are organisms referred to as extremophile s, that inhabit these spaces and are so well adapted that they readily grow and multiply. Examples of extreme environments include the geographical pole s, very dry deserts , volcano es, deep ocean trenches, upper atmosphere , Mt Everest , outer space and other planets . The life that can live finely in these conditions, are very well adapted to these circumstances. It is in a way that the animal and land was made for each other. This adaptation also includes evolution of the animal of which is living there. Some times the life in the extreme habitat dies because humans are trying to find uses for this land or just for experimentation, and a lot of times humans affect the habitat by using the land space or with pollution. See also Portal box Environment Ecology Ecology Extremophile Extreme environment clothing Natural environment References Reflist Student that is to be a geologist. DEFAULTSORT Extreme Environment Category Extremophiles Category Geography geo term stub environment stub ... more details
taxobox image regnum Animal ia phylum Tardigrada a classis Heterotardigrada ordo Echiniscoidea familia Echiniscidae genus Echiniscus species E. testudo binomial Echiniscus testudo binomial authority Doy re, 1840 ref http sn2000.taxonomy.nl taxonomicon TaxonTree.aspx?id 152107&tree 0.1 Echiniscus testudo Hierarchy The Taxonomicon ref Echiniscus testudo is a species of tardigrade native to China , Greenland , and Mongolia . ref http sn2000.taxonomy.nl taxonomicon TaxonProperties.aspx Echiniscus testudo Properties The Taxonomicon ref References Reflist Extremophile Category Polyextremophiles Category Tardigrades tardigrade stub nl Echiniscus testudo ... more details
automatic taxobox subdivision see text authority Pilato, 1987 Platicrista is a genus of water bear or moss piglet , a tardigrada tardigrade in the class Eutardigrada . Species Platicrista affine small Mihelcic, 1951 small Platicrista angustata small Murray, 1905 small Platicrista cheleusis small Kathman 1990 small Platicrista horribilis small Kaczmarek and Michalczyk, 2003 small Platicrista itaquasconoide small Durante and Maucci, 1975 small Platicrista ramsayi small Marley, 2006 small References reflist External links Animalia Extremophile Category Tardigrades Category Polyextremophiles ... more details
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