Infobox civilian attack title Farhud partof Holocaust image Farhud mass grave.jpg caption Mass grave for the victims of the Farhud, 1946 location Baghdad , Iraq target Baghdadi Jews date June 1st 2nd, 1941 ... Futuwa youth. Farhud lang ar refers to the pogrom or violent dispossession carried out against ... , Europa Publications, 1960. pg. 139. ref The Farhud has been called the forgotten pogrom of the Holocaust ... the Farhud , Frontpagemag.com. , June 01, 2006. ref Background main History of the Jews in Iraq ..., commerce and the government bureaucracy. Events preceding the Farhud unreferenced section date ... Conflict in Modern Iraq blames the Farhud on the influence of German ideology on the Iraqi people ... actions preceding the Farhud Sami Michael , a witness to the Farhud, testified Antisemite propaganda ... before the Farhud, the homes of Jews were marked with a red palm print Hamsa , by Futuwa al Futuwa youth. Two days before the Farhud, Al Muthanna Club Yunis al Sabawi Yunis al Sabawi , a government ... that Jews used mirrors to signal the Royal Air Force . Farhud June 1 2, 1941 According to the Iraqi ... term impact seealso Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries In some accounts the Farhud marked ... Antisemitism References Reflist Further reading Cohen, Hayyim 1966 . The Anti Jewish Farhud in Baghdad ... . British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. 29 1 , 27 56 Kedouri Elie 1974 The Sack of Basra and the Farhud ... Moreh Ed. Al Farhud the 1941 Pogrom in Iraq . Magnes Press and The Vidal Sassoon International ... farhud.html The Farhud Sephardic Holocaust Project http www.midrash.org articles farhud The Farhud ..., and the Farhud http www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org jsource anti semitism iraqijews.html The Jews ...?lang en&ModuleId 10007277 The Farhud United States Holocaust Memorial Museum PDFlink http www.sephardiccouncil.org farhud06.pdf Those Responsible for the Farhud 137 Kibibyte KiB application ... in Or Yehuda during the Memorial Evening of the 129 Jewish Victims of the Farhud International Sephardic ... more details
The 1948 bombings in Cairo , targeting Jewish areas taking place in June and July killed 70 Jews and wounded nearly 200, while riots claimed many more lives. ref Mangoubi, Rami, A Jewish Refugee Answers Youssef Ibrahim , Middle East Times , October 30, 2004. ref The bombings came within the scope of the 1948 Arab Israeli War . See also Farhud Menarsha synagogue attack References Reflist 2 Anti Jewish pogroms during the 1948 Arab Israeli War egypt stub Category 1948 in Egypt Category Antisemitism in Egypt Category 1948 riots Category Riots and civil disorder in Egypt Category Terrorist incidents in the 1940s Category 1948 Arab Israeli War Category Terrorism in Egypt Category Anti Jewish pogroms by Muslims ... more details
Expand list date May 2011 The following is a list of massacre s that have occurred in Iraq numbers may be approximate . For massacres during the Iraq War , see List of massacres of the Iraq War class sortable wikitable style font size 90 style width 120px Name style width 65px Date style width 120px Location style width 75px Deaths class unsortable Notes Simele massacre August 1933 Northern Iraq 3000 Iraqi army and Arab and Kurdish tribes massacred Assyrian Christians Farhud June 1 2, 1941 Baghdad 175 780 Considered the beginning of the end of the Jewish community of Iraq Dujail Massacre July 8, 1982 Dujail 148 See also List of massacres of the Iraq War massacres Category Lists of massacres by country Iraq Category Iraq related lists Massacres Category Massacres in Iraq ... more details
the farhud the mufti inspired krystallnacht in iraq islamic countries iraq islamic countries 2010 ref Farhud Pogrom , as a result, a mob led by al Muthanna Club members and its youth organization attacked ... articles farhud ref ref http www.dangoor.com TheScribe11.pdf ref ref http www.mideastweb.org iraqaxiscoup.htm ... more details
Contradict other pogrom Unreliable sources date April 2011 In 1945, with the rise of Egyptian nationalism and the cultivation of anti Western and anti Jewish sentiment, riots erupted. In the violence, 10 Jews were killed, 350 injured, and a synagogue, a Jewish hospital, and an old age home were burned down. ref name jvl http www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org jsource History jewref.html ref ref name gruen http www.jcpa.org jl jl102.htm ref The same year the instability in Egypt prompted the Helwan Riots 1945 Helwan riots by South African soldiers. Numerous acts of violence against Egyptian Jews followed in the later years, including the 1948 bombings of Jewish areas which killed 70 Jews and wounded nearly 200, while riots claimed many more lives. ref Mangoubi, Rami, A Jewish Refugee Answers Youssef Ibrahim , Middle East Times , October 30, 2004. ref In 1949, a bombing in the Cairo Jewish quarter killed 34 and wounded 80. ref name gruen During the 1950s, the History of the Jews in Egypt Jews of Egypt were subjected to political instability due to ongoing Israeli Egyptian conflict and suffered sporadic violence, which eventually led to Jewish exodus from Arab lands expulsion and flight of the community from Egypt . See also Farhud 1945 Tripoli pogrom Aleppo pogrom 1947 Aden pogrom Citations Reflist Africa in topic History of the Jews in Category 1945 in Egypt Category Anti Jewish pogroms by Muslims Category Antisemitism in Egypt Category 1945 riots Category Riots and civil disorder in Egypt de Pogrome von Kairo ... more details
David F. Shamoon is a Canada Canadian screenwriter, best known for his screenplay In Darkness 2011 film In Darkness . Directed by Agnieszka Holland , the film was a nominee for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 2012. ref name canroots http thechronicleherald.ca artslife 63866 canadian roots grow oscars Canadian roots grow at Oscars . The Chronicle Herald , February 17, 2012. ref Born in India to Iraqi Jewish refugees of the Farhud , Shamoon grew up in India, where he attended Cathedral School in Mumbai now the Cathedral & John Connon School and Iran , where he attended Community School, Tehran . He moved to Canada in 1970 after graduating from Boston University. ref name canroots He successfully worked in advertising for many years before trying his hand at screenwriting, first as a hobby, but eventually as a career after studying the craft and writing several scripts, some of which were optioned. ref name canroots In Darkness , based on Robert Marshall s book In the Sewers of Lvov , marked his first attempt to adapt a book to the screen. He garnered a Genie Award nomination for Genie Award for Best Screenplay Best Adapted Screenplay at the 32nd Genie Awards . ref name canroots He currently has a new screenplay, a comedy called Taking Off , in active development with director Paul Morrison director Paul Morrison . References reflist External links IMDb name 3433061 Persondata NAME Shamoon, David ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION Screenwriter DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH India DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Shamoon, David Category Canadian screenwriters Category Jewish Canadian writers Category Living people Category Canadian people of Iraqi descent Category Indian emigrants to Canada Category Iraqi Jews Category Indian Jews Canada writer stub ... more details
Rachel Wahba is a psychotherapist in private practice in San Francisco and in Marin County . She is also a published author of several anthologies relating to being a Mizrahi Sephardi Jew of Egypt ian and Iraq i parents and the indignities suffered by Jews who were forced into second class dhimmi status in their homelands. She has also published essays in psychonalytic approaches to work with women and lesbians. Born in Bombay, Wahba grew up Stateless in Japan where her family waited 20 years for immigration to the United States. She has written about her mother s traumatic experience during the Farhud , the Arabic version of pogrom in Baghdad in 1941. Upon arriving in the U.S. Wahba was thrilled to find her brown skin color unappreciated in Japan as curombo darky a plus in Los Angeles , where did you get your tan? replaced hostile taunts in postwar Japan. However it was a revelation to Wahba, who grew up in a multicultural community with a synagogue that represented Jews from all over the world to realize that most American Jews at that time in the 70 s did not understand that a Jew could be Middle Eastern African and be a Jew. Everything Jewish was defined by the Ashkenazi experience. The Eastern Jew did not exist except in the Torah. Wahba remains an activist teaching that Jews are a multicultural people, that Yiddish was only one of many jewish languages and dialects including Judeo Arabic and Ladino and jewish food is equally international. Wahba serves on the Advisory Board of JIMENA Jews Indigenous to the Middle East and North Africa. Rachel s father, Maurice Wahba, was born in Egypt and lived in Mansoura and Cairo, Egypt until he left Egypt in 1939. Rachel Wahba is also co founder with her former partner Judy Dlugacz of Olivia company Travel, a lesbian travel and resort company. Rachel currently lives in Marin county with her daughter Tiffany Wagner and granddaughter Rebecca. Bibliography Nice Jewish Girls Twice Blessed The Flying Camel Coming Out of the Fra ... more details
About the academic office the religious office List of rectors of al Azhar Mosque The following is a list of presidents of al Azhar University since its nationalization in 1961. The reforms brought about by Act 103 of 1961 were the most sweeping in al Azhar s history. ref Cite book last1 Qubain first1 Fahim Issa title Education and Science in the Arab World url http books.google.com books?id A3mXluOn dQC&pg PA62 edition Reprinted series Johns Hopkins University Press Reprints year 1979 publisher Arno Press location New York isbn 9780405106224 page 62 ref They led to the loss of al Azhar s independence and its incorporation into the Education in Egypt Egyptian educational system as a full university. ref Cite book last1 Skovgaard Petersen first1 Jakob title Defining Islam for the Egyptian State Muftis and Fatwas of the D r al Ift url http books.google.com books?id f9uyFx TGuIC&pg PA186 series Volume 59 of Social, economic, and political studies of the Middle East and Asia year 1997 publisher Brill location Leiden isbn 9789004109476 page 186 ref class wikitable colspan 2 Name rowspan 2 Tenure Romanized Arabic Muhammad Muhammad Amer el Bahi align right align center 1961 1964 Ahmad Hasan el Baquri align right align center 1964 1969 Badawi Abdel Latif Awad align right align center 1969 1974 Muhammad Hasan Fayed align right align center 1974 1979 Awad Allah Gad Higazi align right align center 1979 1980 Muhammad el Tayyeb el Naggar align right align center 1980 1983 Muhammad el Sa di Farhud align right align center 1983 1987 Abdel Fattah Husseini el Sheikh align right align center 1987 1995 Ahmad Omar Hashem align right align center 1995 2003 Mohamed Ahmed el Tayeb Ahmad Muhammad Ahmad el Tayyeb align right align center 2003 2010 Abdallah al Husseini Abdallah al Husseini align right ... al ... more details
Use mdy dates date October 2010 From 1950 to 1952, Operation Ezra and Nehemiah airlifted between 120,000 to 130,000 Iraqi Jews to Israel ref cite book last Pasachoff first Naomi E. authorlink coauthors Robert J. Littman editor others title A Concise History of the Jewish People origdate origyear origmonth url http books.google.hu books?id p5EYccILQ7AC&pg PA301&lpg PA301&dq Operation Ezra and Nehemiah&source web&ots Bq iFvnFTt&sig YMvnFwKEZex0 Smo7scBDYn3ayM&hl hu&sa X&oi book result&resnum 7&ct result format accessdate June 28, 2008 edition series volume year 2005 month publisher Rowman & Littlefield location language isbn 0742543668 oclc doi id chapter Operation Magic Carpet and Operation Ezra and Nehemiah chapterurl quote page 301 ref ref cite web title Operations Ezra & Nechemia The Aliyah of Iraqi Jews url http www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org jsource Immigration ezra.html work Jewish Virtual Library publisher American Israeli Cooperative Enterprise accessdate June 27, 2008 ref via Iran and Cyprus . The massive emigration of Iraqi Jews was among the most climactic events of Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries . By 1968 only 2,000 Jewish people Jews remained in Iraq . Today fewer than 100 Jews remain, all of whom live in Baghdad . cn date December 2011 The operation is named after Ezra and Nehemiah , who led the Jewish people from exile in Babylonia to return to Israel in the 5th century BC, as recorded in the books of the Hebrew Bible that bear their names. Background Plitim The critical change in Iraqi Jewish identity occurred after the violent Farhud or pogrom against the Jews of Baghdad , on June 1 2, 1941 following the collapse of the pro Nazi Golden Square Iraq Golden Square regime of Rashid Ali al Kaylani . At least 180 Jews were killed during two days of riots, and the Baghdadi Jewish community was irreversibly hit. After the Farhud , Jews began fleeing Iraq at an increasing rate. After 1945, there were frequent demonstrations in Iraq against the Jew ... more details
of their conduct in the Iraqi Farhud massacre. As in the Iraqi case, the Tripoli massacre inaugurated ... adult son. See also History of the Jews in Libya Farhud 1941 Baghdad pogrom 1945 Cairo pogrom ... more details
Image Saib shawkat.jpg thumb Dr Saib Shawkat in his last days Saib Shawkat lang ar was an Iraqi doctor and Arab nationalist leader. Medical career He was from an upscale patriotic Baghdadian family and studied at a medical school in Istanbul 1913 1918, completing post graduate studies in general surgery in Germany. Shawkat was the first Iraqi doctor to teach anatomy at the College of Medicine University of Baghdad Iraqi Royal College of Medicine of which he became the dean later in the 1940s. ref cite web last Joseph E. first Katz title Middle Eastern Political and Religious History Analyst, http www.midrash.org articles farhud url http www.middleeast.org forum fb public 1 1419.shtml accessdate February 10, 2009 Dead link date October 2010 bot H3llBot ref He was one of the pioneers in general surgery in Iraq, ref saib shawkat, http www.webcitation.org query?url http www.geocities.com akramjfr saibshawkat.html&date 2009 10 25 12 10 29 ref serving as Director General of Baghdad Medical City Baghdad Hospital in the 1930s. ref cite book title British documents on foreign affairs reports and papers from the Foreign Office confidential print. Part II, From the First to the Second world war. Series B, Turkey, Iran, and the Middle East, 1918 1939. Vol. 13 Eastern affairs, December 1937 September 1939 last Bidwell first Robin Leonard coauthors Kenneth Bourne Donald Cameron Watt year 1986 publisher University Publications of America isbn 9780890936030 page 302 ref In 1932 he became a founding committee member of the Iraqi Red Crescent Society . ref cite news work Red Cross World publisher League of Red Cross Societies year 1932 volume 13 page 165 ref He attended Ghazi of Iraq King Ghazi after the car accident preceding his death. ref cite journal last Elliot first Matthew year 1996 month Autumn title The death of king Ghazi Iraqi politics, Britain and Kuwait in 1939 journal Contemporary British History volume 10 issue 3 pages 63 81 doi 10.1080 13619469608581405 ref ... more details
had declined considerably, and the memory of the Farhud, which had meanwhile faded, returned ... Farhud Shafiq Ades Lavon Affair Exodus of Jews from Arab lands References reflist colwidth 30em Bibliography ... more details
Lowercase For the head of the Shi a Lebanese family Hussein el Husseini File Mousa Qasem.jpg thumb right 150px Musa al Husayni was the Mayor of Jerusalem and led the Palestinian national movement Husayni lang ar big big also spelled Husseini is the name of a prominent Palestinian people Palestinian Arab clan formerly based in Jerusalem . Several members of the clan held important political positions such as Mayor and Grand Mufti of Jerusalem and founded and led many Palestinian nationalism Palestinian Arab Islamist groups such as the Holy War Army , the Palestine Arab Party and the Arab Higher Committee . Conflicts involving these groups included, the 1920 Palestine riots , the 1936 1939 Arab revolt in Palestine , 1948 Arab Israeli War . The Husayni Nazi alliance resulted in the 13th Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Handschar 1st Croatian 13th Waffen SS division and broadcasting from Radio Berlin to the Middle East anti Jewish propaganda that led to the Farhud . The Husaynis belonged to the Hanafi school of Sunni Islam , in contrast to most of the Arab population in Palestine that followed the Shafi school. ref name Pappe http www.jerusalemquarterly.org ViewArticle.aspx?id 213 The Rise and Fall of the Husainis Ilan Pappe Pappe, Ilan . Institute of Jerusalem Studies ref History File Kamel Huesseini.jpg thumb right 150px Kamil al Husayni was the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem File MAal Husayni.jpg thumb right 150px Mohammad Amin al Husayni was the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem and President of the Supreme Muslim Council File Husayni.jpg thumb right 150px Abd al Qadir al Husayni led Palestinian irregular forces against the Haganah and other Jew ish militias during the 1948 Arab Israeli War . He died in combat in al Qastal . Image with unknown copyright status removed Image Faisal Husseini.jpg thumb right 150px Faisal Husseini Faysal al Husayni was a high ranking member of the Palestine Liberation Organization The Husaynis claim descent from Husayn ibn Ali the son of Ali ... more details
War II included the 1941 Farhud in Iraq, the Ia i pogrom in Romania in which over 13,200 Jews were ... June 1941, the two day Farhud pogrom in Iraq , in which rioters murdered between 150 and 180 Jews, injured ... Iraq . ref ref name ushmm http www.ushmm.org wlc en article.php?ModuleId 10007277 The Farhud , Holocaust ... more details
in Iraq , headed by Rashid Ali al Galyani. Following a widespread propaganda campaign, an Farhud anti Jewish pogrom erupted in the final days of the regime in Baghdad, leading to deaths of 180 Jews. The Farhud ..., p. 365 ref Some 10,000 Jews left Iraq in 1941 1949, following the Farhud . During the Second ... Axis Powers Axis coup, riots known as the Farhud broke out in Baghdad in which approximately 180 Jews ... from Palestine Israel since the Farhud of 1941, were discovered. Historian Moshe Gat contends that the claim ... more details
8143 2652 8 ref In 1941, following Rashid Ali s pro Axis Powers Axis coup, riots known as the Farhud ... a pro Nazi coup in Iraq and organized the Farhud pogrom which marked the turning point for about ... more details
Iraqi War Farhud Iraq had been officially granted independence by the United Kingdom in 1932, under ... Farhud , in which the Baghdadi Jews Baghdadi Jewish community was hit particularly hard. Syria and Lebanon ... more details
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