Molecular farming also known as molecular pharming ref cite doi 10.1016 S1360 1385 00 01680 0 ref or biopharming ref cite doi 10.1038 nbt0503 480 ref is the use of Genetic engineering genetically engineered crops to produce Chemical compound compounds with therapeutic value. ref name library cite web url http www2.parl.gc.ca Content LOP ResearchPublications prb0509 e.htm title Molecular farming author Sonya Norris publisher Science and Technology Division Canadian Library of Parliament date 4 July 2005 accessdate 2008 09 11 ref These crops will become biological factories used to generate drugs ... turnsofphrase tp mol2.htm title Molecular farming publisher worldwidewords.org accessdate 2008 09 ... 96d839afe2533d0cc04ccf1c1faf682f title Molecular farming in plants host systems and expression technology ... web url http www.nature.com embor journal v6 n7 full 7400470.html B17 title Molecular farming for new drugs and vaccines publisher nature.com accessdate 2008 09 13 ref Overview Plant molecular farming ... medtech health news 2001 11 48108 title Molecular Farming Under Fire last Mandel first Charles publisher ... pro.de magazin thema 00178 index.html?lang en title Molecular Farming Plant Bioreactors publisher ... ref name nature Disadvantages While molecular farming is one application of genetic engineering , there are concerns ... name library ref name nature ref name wired ref name BioPro In contrast, molecular farming is not intended ... up in commercial food products. No products produced by plant molecular farming were available in the emerging ... www.in pharmatechnologist.com Industry Drivers Plant molecular farming set to boom title Plant molecular farming set to boom? date 18 Jan 2005 publisher inpharmatechnologist accessdate 2008 09 13 ref Today Molecular Farming is considered big business . According to the Canadian Food Inspection Agency ... percent annually and to reach a market value of 28.6 billion in 2004. ref name wired Molecular Farming ... Official site http www.bio pro.de magazin thema 00178 index.html?lang en Molecular Farming Plant ... more details
Hoe farming is a collective term for certain forms of agriculture. Citation needed date June 2011 In the History of agriculture farming of some early societies , and in some traditional cultures of the recent times or the near past, the tillage was done with simple manual tools like digging stick s or Hoe tool hoes , for example seeding was done manually by making holes for the seeds, putting them inside, then covering them. The precursor to hoe farming may be intensive gathering . ref NaOr77 82 Nagy Oliv rn & Ortutay Gyula eds 1977 1982 see http mek.oszk.hu 02100 02115 html 2 464.html online in Hungarian ref As for its future, it does not necessarily become superseded by applying plough and animal traction , because Ecology ecological factors are also very important. ref Oko konomische Anthropologie Fragen question 33 see http www.pensis.net documente 12schriftlichearbeiten Ethno oekonomische.anthropologie Fragen Luci 250104.pdf online in German ref Even the prevalence of the tsetse fly can matter Citation needed date February 2011 . Also Cultural anthropology cultural factors can be considered for example the local belief system can contain taboo s against animal traction . ref ... gender learning sector agriculture 69.htm online ref Hoe farming often coincides with long ... and the Intensive farming intensification of agriculture . ref PBB87 Pingali & Bigot & Binswanger ... ref Hoe farming may contain slash and burn clearance techniques, but they are not strictly necessary ... farming de Hackbaug rtel Hackbaug rtel included Sub Saharan Africa , Indian subcontinent India ... much more widespread in the past, but could remain dominant against the spread of intensive farming mainly in the tropics . The Isanzu were hoe farming people while the neighboring Hadzabe kept on living ... cite web last Kienzle first Josef title Labour Saving Technologies and Practices for Farming and Household ... Mechanization and the Evolution of Farming Systems in Sub Saharan Africa publisher The Johns ... more details
File Seaweed farming Nusa Lembongan, Bali 16Aug2009 edit.jpg thumb 300px right alt A person stands in shallow water, gathering seaweed that has grown on a rope. A seaweed farmer in Nusa Lembongan gathers edible seaweed that has grown on a rope. Seaweed farming is the practice of cultivating and harvesting seaweed . In its simplest form, it consists of the management of naturally found batches. In its most advanced form, it consists of fully controlling the life cycle of the algae. The main food species grown by aquaculture in Japan, China and Korea include Gelidium , Pterocladia , ref name seafarm111 harvnb Borgese 1980 p 111 ref Porphyra , ref name seafarm112 and Laminaria . ref name seafarm116 harvnb Borgese 1980 p 116 ref Seaweed farming has frequently been developed as an alternative to improve ... written records. Seaweed farming began in Japan as early as 1670 in Tokyo Bay . In autumn of each ... seaweed farming guides in the Philippines recommended cultivation of Laminaria seaweed and reef ... farming. Sometimes seaweed farmers cut down mangroves to use as stakes for their ropes. This, however, negatively affects the farming since it reduces the water quality and mangrove biodiversity due to depletion. Farmers may also sometimes remove Zostera eelgrass from their farming areas. This, however ... Gonzalez 1997 p 53 ref Seaweed farming helps to preserve coral reefs ref name coral54 harvnb Zertruche ... and it also provides added niche for local species of fish and invertebrates. Farming may be beneficial ... after the start of extensive farming of Eucheuma seaweed in villages in North Sulawesi, Indonesia ... Prince Edward Island The practice of seaweed farming has long since spread beyond Japan. In 1997 it was estimated that 40,000 people in the Philippines made their living through seaweed farming. ref ... can have a net income from Eucheuma farming that was 5 to 6 times that of the minimum average wage of an agriculture ... title Seaweed farming An Alternative Livelihood for Small Scale Fishers? last Crawford first B.R year ... more details
Gold farming is playing a massively multiplayer online game to acquire in game currency which other players ... Current Analysis and Future Research Agenda on Gold Farming Real World Production in Developing Countries ... of selling in game currency for real world cash, ref name beeb2 gold farming is lucrative because ... the global market for gold farming was valued at around 3bn annually. ref http www.infodev.org en ... di wp32.pdf Current Analysis and Future Research Agenda on Gold Farming Real World Production in Developing ... Current Analysis and Future Research Agenda on Gold Farming Real World Production in Developing Countries ... Introduction eurogamer.net, 19 March 2009 ref Today s gold farming may have its origins in the MMORPG Lineage video game Lineage , where it was known as adena farming as adena is the currency of Lineage ... into gold farming operations to serve domestic demand. ref name pagefive This model seems to have been ... were forced to engage in gold farming for the benefit of prison authorities. ref cite news last ... date 25 May 2011 ref Academic studies of gold farming reveal that the social networks of gold farmers are similar to those of drug dealers. ref cite news url http kotaku.com 5594424 gold farming research digs up similarities between drug dealers title Gold Farming Research Digs Up Similarities ... for gold farming are hard to come by, ref name beeb http news.bbc.co.uk 2 hi technology 7575902.stm ... documents di wp32.pdf Current Analysis and Future Research Agenda on Gold Farming Real World Production ..., 2009 ref Rules and enforcement In virtually all online games gold farming is specifically prohibited ...,June 29, 2009 2100 GMT ref Japan In response to increases in gold farming, in 2006 the Japanese ... of fraud. ref http au.gamespot.com news 6154249.html Japanese gov t looks into gold farming ... either collect in game currency known as gold farming or generate high level video gaming ... 03 10 12 ref Development Potential Gold farming has been discussed as a tool for socioeconomic ... more details
Cleanup date June 2007 tocleft Forest farming is an agroforestry practice characterized by the four I s Intentional, Integrated, Intensive and Interactive management of an existing forested ecosystem wherein forest health is of paramount concern. It is neither forestry nor farming in the traditional sense. Forest farming, or three dimensional farming, was pioneered by Toyohiko Kagawa in the 1930s. Kagawa addressed problems of soil erosion by persuading many of Japan s upland farmers to plant fodder trees to conserve soil, supply food and feed animals. He was an inspiration to Robert Hart forest gardener Robert Hart who pioneered forest gardening in temperate climates. ref cite book title Forest Gardening author Robert Hart date 1996 page 41 url http books.google.co.uk books?id N01940btQAQC&lpg PA41&pg PA41 v onepage&q&f false ref Forest Agricultural science farm management principles constitute an ecological approach to forest management through efforts to find a balance between conservation of native biodiversity and wildlife habitat within the forest and limited, judicious utilization of the forest s varied resources. It attempts to bring Secondary forest secondary growth forests that have been overused and whose ecosystems have become so fragmented that their natural processes are out of equilibrium, back into ecological balance through careful, intentional manipulation over time, emulating natural processes to restore original, natural diversity of species and ecosystem stability ... end References Reflist Notes Natural Selection Forestry, A Guide to Forest Farming Orville Camp, 1984 ... Society of Agronomy , Inc. Gold, Rietveld, Garrett and Fisher, 2000. Forest Farming Practices D.B. ... Cornell University Forest Farming defined, with USDA and other related references. http ... Forest Products Forest Farming Conference. http www.woodlandowners.org National Woodland Owners Association ... Farming Category Forestry Category Agroforestry ... more details
chicken house.jpg thumb right A commercial chicken house raising broiler pullets for meat farming Factory farming is the process of raising livestock in confinement at high stocking density, where a farm operates as a factory a practice typical in Industrial agriculture animals industrial farming by agribusiness es. ref Sources discussing intensive farming , intensive agriculture or factory farming ... History of factory farming , United Nations Fifty years ago in Europe, intensification of animal ... to primitive farming practices the only alternative to factory farming and highly intensive ... farms the only answer to our growing appetite? , The Guardian , December 29, 1964 Factory farming , whether ... procurement, the more far seeing would name the growth of intensive farming as the major development ... Head to head Intensive farming , BBC News, March 6, 2001 Here, Green MEP Caroline Lucas takes issue with the intensive farming methods of recent decades ... In the wake of the spread of BSE ... from the Green Party. She intends to end factory farming in her country. This must be the way forward ... farming , industrial agriculture and factory farming http www.fao.org docrep 005 Y2772E y2772e0c.htm ... of the United Nations Factory farming refers to industrial management systems that are heavily ... 1 hi uk 1205545.stm Head to head Intensive farming , BBC News, March 6, 2001 Here, Green MEP Caroline Lucas takes issue with the intensive farming methods of recent decades ... In the wake of the spread ... Minister from the Green Party. She intends to end factory farming in her country. This must be the way ... 29, 2000. ref ref Is factory farming really cheaper? in New Scientist , Institution of Electrical Engineers ... issues regarding whether factory farming is sustainable and ethical. ref name encyc organic cite book ... by these crowded living conditions. ref name Encyclop dia Britannica 2007 Factory farming, Encyclop dia ... in the way factory farming techniques are practiced around the world. There is a continuing debate ... more details
A mink farm in the United States Fur farming is the practice of breeding or raising certain types of animal ... publctns 4849Intls eEng.pdf title The Socio Economic Impact of International Fur Farming author ... 4603032.stm date 2006 01 12 accessdate 2008 03 24 work BBC News ref Fur farming is banned in Austria ... www.infurmation.com furfarmlegislation.php Fur Farming Legislation Around The World , Infurmation.com ... for fur farming are very strict, with the result that there are no fur farms. ref name infurmation Some other countries have a ban on fur farming of certain types of animals. Demand fell in the late ... led to the development of extensive fur farming operations in countries such as China and Poland ... fur cite news title Farming For Fur url http www.furcommission.com farming foxfarming.htm publisher ... breed in the rabbit fur farming industry, is the List of rabbit breeds Rex Rex Castor Rex and Chinchilla ... types of animal farming, living conditions of animals do vary and the extreme cases are ones ... url http www.bontvoordieren.nl english index.php?action farming accessdate 2005 12 29 archiveurl http web.archive.org web 20051215121641 http www.bontvoordieren.nl english index.php?action farming ... and numbers of animals to be taken. United Kingdom main Fur Farming Prohibition Act 2000 Fur Farming ... to shut down their farming in exchange for compensation in England and Wales in 2000. At second ... since there was no supporting evidence for banning the farming on humane grounds. ref name Dieren Prior ... in 1993, fur farming was nevertheless banned by the Scottish Parliament in 2002. Raising rabbits and sheep ... this type of farming too. Austria In Austria , six of the nine federal states have banned fur farming ... of swimming water, that fur farming is no longer economically viable. ref name Dieren Republic ... 1224256435882.html work The Irish Times title Animal welfare groups welcome ban on fur farming date ... alternative industries are scarce. At the moment fur farming in the Republic of Ireland contributes ... more details
Refimprove date May 2009 Baby farming was a term used in late Victorian Era United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Britain and, less commonly, in Australia and the United States to mean the taking in of an infant or child for payment if the infant was young, this usually included wet nurse wet nursing breast feeding by a woman not the mother . Some baby farmers adopted children for lump sum payments, while others cared for infants for periodic payments. Though baby farmers were paid in the understanding that care would be provided, the term baby farmer was used as an insult, and improper treatment was usually implied. Illegitimacy and its attendant social stigma stigma were usually the impetus for a mother s decision to put her children out to nurse with a baby farmer, but baby farming also encompassed foster care and adoption in the period before they were regulated by British law. Richer women would also put their babies out to be cared for in the homes of villagers. Claire Tomalin gives a detailed account of this in her biography of Jane Austen , who was fostered in this manner, as were all her siblings, from a few months old until they were toddlers. ref http www.washingtonpost.com wp srv style longterm books chap1 janeaustenabiography.htm excerpt from Jane Austen A Biography ref Tomalin emphasises the emotional distance this created. Particularly in the case of lump sum adoptions, it was more profitable for the baby farmer if the infant or child she adopted died, since the small payment could not cover the care of the child for long. Some baby farmers adopted numerous ... Kingdom Parliament began to regulate baby farming in 1872 with the passage of the Infant Life ... in assisted conception , particularly in vitro fertilization . Baby farming in works of fiction ... Cite EB1911 wstitle Baby Farming http www.uoregon.edu adoption topics babyfarming.html Baby farming from the Adoption History Project http www.historytools.org babyfarming baby farming.html BABY FARMING ... more details
farming, which is one of several different conservation tillage techniques. Some others are Strip till and Minimum tillage. agriculture No till farming also called zero tillage or direct planting ... where topsoil is blown or washed away. No till farming avoids these effects by excluding the use of tillage . With this way of farming, crop residues or other organic amenities are retained on the soil ... of farming that change when switching to no till. The idea of modern no till started in the 1940s ... Studies have found that no till farming can be more profit accounting profit able ref D.L. Beck, J.L. ... derpsch.pdf author Derpsch, Rolf title Economics of No till farming. Experiences from Latin ... for reduction of pollution . No till farming can increase organic carbon based ref name WWF matter ... title No Till Farming Offers A Quick Fix To Help Ward Off Host Of Global Problems publisher Researchnews.osu.edu date author Lal, Rattan accessdate 2010 05 09 ref because of tillage. Conventional farming ... to keeping carbon in the soil, no till farming reduces nitrous oxide N sub 2 sub O emissions ... cgi bin article.cgi?f n a 2011 01 05 state n000348S25.DTL Study No till farming reduces greenhouse ... Service found that no till farming makes soil much more stable than Plough plowed soil . Their conclusions ... soil. The practice of no till farming is especially beneficial to Great Plains farmers because of its .... Soil biota, wildlife, etc. In no till farming the soil is left intact and crop residue is left on the field ... July 2003 English Heritage ref Prior to no till farming s rise in popularity, the annual tilling of the soil ... is to remove weed s. No till farming does change weed composition drastically. Faster growing ... Casady, William W. http extension.missouri.edu publications DisplayPub.aspx?P G1236 G1236 Farming ... during this time period. Misconceptions Need to fluff the soil Although no till farming often ... up. No till farming mimics the natural conditions under which most soils formed more closely than ... more details
Infobox Book See Wikipedia WikiProject Novels or Wikipedia WikiProject Books name The Farming of Bones title orig translator image Image The Farming of Bones first edition .jpg 200px image caption First edition cover author Edwidge Danticat illustrator cover artist country United States US language English language English series genre Historical novel publisher Soho Press release date September 1998 ... PS3554.A5815 F37 1998 oclc 38731998 preceded by followed by Farming of Bones is a work of historical fiction by Edwidge Danticat . Plot introduction The Farming of Bones begins with narrator Amabelle ... s title The title The Farming of Bones is alluded to in Chapter 10 when Amabelle refers to the cane life as travay te pou zo, or the farming of bones. Working in the cane fields prove to be dangerous and even life threatening as it scars and mutilates many of the workers. However, the farming of bones ... being able to survive the massacre and his success in farming, Yves cannot move on, wondering ... s power was weakened. Ultimately, Trujillo was assassinated in 1961. Structure The Farming of Bones ... static rguides us farming of bones.html 2 The style of The Farming of Bones is reminiscent of kitchen ... truth. Another marked symbol in The Farming of Bones is parsley . It is the pronunciation of parsley ..., the characters in The Farming of Bones continue to try to find solace in the comfort of their dreams ... rguides us farming of bones.html 1 However, it is the Dominicans who try to do away with the Haitians ... number of deaths of Haitians. Plot summary Set in the Dominican Republic in the 1930s, The Farming ... significance and reception Published in 1998, The Farming of Bones received numerous critiques raving ... deep, and you feel it . The Farming of Bones always remains focused, with precise, disciplined language ... Danticat. 2 http us.penguingroup.com static rguides us farming of bones.html Penguin reading ... content You 20Might 20Also 20Like Powell s Institute DEFAULTSORT Farming Of The Bones, The Category ... more details
ostreicoles Bretagne.jpg thumb upright 1.3 Oyster farming boats in Morbihan Brittany , France ... pdf cycle info.pdf title Oyster Farming in Louisiana publisher Louisiana State University ... with this type of farming. gallery Image Oyster Fishing 1771 c.gif Oyster harvesting using Rake ... farm in South Australia gallery Environmental Impact The farming of oysters and other shellfish is relatively ... The Case for Fish and Oyster Farming , Carl Marziali, University of Southern California, May ... more details
Agriculture Organic farming is the form of agriculture that relies on techniques such as crop rotation , green manure , compost and biological pest control . Organic farming uses fertilizers and pesticides ... organic farming what organic en What is organic farming ref human sewage sludge , and nanomaterials ... The big issue of small matter for organic food and farming , Proceedings of the Third Scientific ... farming organizations established in 1972. ref Paull, John http www.jsrp.ro content JSRP Nr2 PAULL ... farming as quote Organic agriculture is a production system that sustains the health of soils, ecosystems ... 2009 see Willer Kilcher 2011 . History NPOV section date December 2011 Main History of organic farming Organic farming of many particular kinds was the original type of agriculture, and has been practiced ... of organic system . Charles Francis and J. van Wart 2009 , History of Organic Farming and Certification , in Organic farming the ecological system . American Society of Agronomy. pp. 3 18 ref Organic ... ref Although organic farming is prehistoric in the widest sense, Sir Albert Howard is widely considered to be the father of organic farming in the sense that he was a key founder of the post industrial revolution organic movement. ref http www.westonaprice.org farming history organic farming.html ... and 20th centuries. Modern organic farming has made up only a fraction of total agricultural ... to traditional methods which are comparable to organic farming but are not certified. In other cases ... Methods Main Organic farming methods Image Organic vegetable cultivation.jpeg right thumb 300px Organic ... soil fertility in organic farming systems url http www3.interscience.wiley.com journal 119192119 abstract ... are allowed in organic farming. ref name Gillman2008 Rp 43 Mixed farms with both livestock and Tillage crops can operate as ley farming ley farms , whereby the land gathers fertility through growing ... organisms has proven beneficial to organic farming. Varieties of bacteria and fungi break down ... more details
JCM Farming is a secretive, privately held company incorporated in 1990 that seems to be based in Solana Beach, California . ref name ds1 cite news last Matheny first Keith title Who is JCM Farming and what are they doing? url http www.mydesert.com article 20110130 NEWS01 110130002 Who JCM Farming what they doing accessdate 17 August 2011 newspaper Desert Sun date January 30, 2011 ref Court records indicate Carol Marrelli is an owner or officer of the firm. ref name ds2 cite news last Matheny first Keith title Owners of olive farm near Indio say there s no mystery url http www.mydesert.com article 20110206 NEWS01 102060325 Owners olive farm near Indio say there s no mystery accessdate 17 August 2011 newspaper Desert Sun date February 11, 2011 ref The firm also seems to own and operate the Oasis Ranch near Indio, California in the Coachella Valley . The firm has been involved in a number of lawsuits designed to prevent the ranch from being flown over by crop dusters, hot air balloons and other aircraft. The firm does not provide information as to its ownership, activities or properties. ref name ds1 Press reports indicate the facility was built in 1999 on 24 acres and is surrounded by a 24 foot wall four feet thick. ref name latimes1 cite news last Mozingo first Joe title A hot air balloon fight in the Coachella Valley url http www.latimes.com news local la me balloons 20110817,0,1840808,full.story accessdate 17 August 2011 newspaper Los Angeles Times date August 17, 2011 ref Other defenses include a partial moat, guard dogs, armed guards and video cameras. The compound includes two large buildings and Moorish style bell tower. The company describes the ranch as an eighty acre olive farm. ref name ds1 Other documents indicate the farm was in fact a Private Event and Meeting Center a respite for and marketed to State Departments, foreign dignitaries, diplomats, Fortune 500 executives and their boards, ultra high net worth individuals and their families and celebrities ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Elk farming is an agricultural industry for the production of elk as livestock or for the sport of hunting . Elk have a variety of uses. The velvet antler or, the antler in the premature stages of growth, has been found useful in medicinal purposes as well as the venison industry. All of these markets are rising in popularity thus causing an increase in the Animal husbandry breeding industry. Other species of similar type are farmed in the same way such as deer , moose , and red stag. Livestock The elk farming market is relatively new to the United States. In its early stages, the breeding stock has become of high value. The same standard pertains to the production of elk as cattle the bigger the better. In 1990 The North American Elk Breeders Association NAEBA http www.naelk.org was formed. NAEBA has set up rules and regulations for breed purity and strength, ownership, and marketing. They help the industry to continually increase in production and quality of animal. Elk do not need the close care that it takes to raise cattle. This is because of the strong, hardy nature of the animal. They will eat just about anything they can find, ranging from grass, shrubs, weeds, and even tree bark. The most common feeds are alfalfa and grain. In an area suitable to hold one beef cow, two to three elk may be kept comfortably. Elk may eat 2 to 3 percent of their body weight daily. On average a cow elk, the female, has a live weight of 450 to 650 pounds. The bulls are much larger, weighing from 800 to 1000 pounds. Elk need an increase of nutrients so that they can produce better products. For example, before and during Animal husbandry breeding , while the antler ..., Web site http www.elkusa.com Elk Farming.htm Westendorf, M.L. 2000 .Deer and elk farming. Rutgurs cooperative estension. 6. Thorleifson, I.,T.Pearse, & B. Friedel 2000 . Elk farming handbook. Canada DEFAULTSORT Elk Farming Category Livestock ... more details
unreferenced date January 2009 Image DesertFarm.JPG thumb Planted forest near Tel Aviv Desert farming generally relies on irrigation , as it is the easiest way to make a desert bloom. In California, the Imperial Valley California Imperial Valley is a good example of what can be done. Australia , Israel , and the Horn of Africa are also places with interesting desert agriculture. One problem associated with raising traditional plants in a desert is depletion of the ground water . Drip irrigation is one way to reduce the overall water demand. Another is to grow crops that are acclimated to the desert, such as jojoba , Date palm s, and citrus . Native Americans in the United States Native Americans of the Sonoran Desert have long practiced and continue to practice desert agriculture without irrigation. This is highly dependent upon both winter snow and rain and summer monsoon al weather patterns which move moist tropical air from the Gulf of Mexico into northern Mexico and the southwestern U.S. states of Arizona , Utah , New Mexico , and Colorado . This moist air, combined with the intense solar heating of the ground, can cause the development of substantial thunderstorms that can deluge some portions of the ground with great amounts of water over a short time. While the surface quickly becomes dry, and there is much runoff of the water into normally dry streams and riverbeds, a substantial portion is absorbed into the upper soil levels. To take advantage of this condition for agriculture it is essential that crops be started early in the season, where they utilize residual winter water from Pacific Ocean storms originating in the Gulf of Alaska and other Winter Pacific storms from the tropics the Pineapple Express . The early sprouts from planted seeds mostly beans, squash ... relied both on irrigation and Ak Chin farming a type of farming that depended on washes the seasonal ... also Arid zone agriculture Dryland farming Notes reflist External links and further reading P. Koohafkan ... more details
refimprove date June 2008 Collective farming and communal farming are types of agricultural production ... member owners engage jointly in farming activities. Typical examples of collective farms are the kolkhoz ... farming in its constituent Republics of the Soviet Union republic s between 1927 and 1933. The Baltic ... adopted collective farming after World War II , with the accession of communist regimes to power. In Asia People s Republic of China , North Korea , Vietnam the adoption of collective farming was also ... farming involved an element of compulsion, and the collective farms in these countries, lacking the principle ... old system of farming was destroyed in one of the most fertile regions in the world for farming ... of production brought on by collective farming policies and mass seizure of property the proceeds ... from approximately 25 of the population to approximately 1 . SFR Yugoslavia Collective farming was introduced ... farming in a communist state, North Korea provides its negative counterpart. In the late 1990s, the collective farming system collapsed under the strain of droughts. Estimates of deaths due to starvation ... collective farming although de jure private ownership existed. Starting in 1958 collective farming was pushed such that by 1960, 85 of farmers and 70 of farmlands were collectivized including ... and workers participation in the management of the workplace. Tanzania The move to a collective farming .... Following forced migration, incentive to participate in communal farming activities was encouraged ... to the manual labour. Voluntary collective farming Europe In modern Europe collective farms ... of the recipients. Citation needed date November 2011 Israel Collective farming was also implemented ..., 2007. ref Collective farming in Israel differs from collectivism in communist states in that it is voluntary ... farming CPA Agriculture Cuban Cooperative Farm UBPC Cuban Cooperative Farm Dekulakization Family farm ... Farming The Tanzanian Experience Dean E. McHenry, Jr. African Studies Review , Vol. 20, No. 3, Peasants ... more details
koi aquaculture facility in Israel Fish farming is the principal form of aquaculture , while other methods may fall under mariculture . Fish farming involves raising fish commercially in tanks or enclosures ... overfishing in wild fisheries . Fish farming offers fish market ers another source. However, farming ... for fish farming recorded by the FAO in 2008 totalled 33.8 million tonne s worth about US 60 billion ... carp . Despite these limitations significant fish farming industries use these methods. In the Czech ... unit of fish weight is higher than in extensive farming, especially because of the high cost of Feeds ... fish farming legislation Off shore fish farming term ref when the cages are placed in the sea. They can ... when they reach market size. A few advantages of fish farming with cages are that many types ... farming can co exist with sport fishing and other water uses. Cage farming of fishes in open ... technology.htm Pond fish farming ref As a result the food available in all the parts of the pond ... in North America , by William McLarney Classic fry farming This is also called a Flow through system ... of salmon Issues The issue of feeds in fish farming has been a controversial one. Many cultured fishes ... 984.html Fuss Over Farming Fish , Alaska Science Forum, June 27, 1990 ref with each fish occupying ... farming reduces the survival of associated wild salmon populations. This relationship has been ... the correlation between increased fish farming and increases in sea lice infestation among wild ... Aquaculture website ref However, most fish farming operations still use antibiotics, many of which ... farming tactics produce unhealthy fish index.html Salmon Farming Tactics Produce Unhealthy Fish ref ... of farmed salmon as well as other food products. ref name fishonline1 Indoor fish farming An alternative ... fish. Near My Tho, Mekong delta, Vietnam. Image Fish farming vietnam.jpg Transport boats moored ..., Lester R 2001 http www.earth policy.org Alerts Alert9.htm Fish Farming May Soon Overtake Cattle Ranching ... more details
Undue date May 2011 farming Poultry farming is the raising of poultry domesticated birds such as chicken ... of farming meat or eggs for food . Poultry are farmed in great numbers with chickens being ... poultry title Compassion in World Farming Poultry publisher Ciwf.org.uk date accessdate 2011 08 26 ... Affairs Defra . Intensive and alternative poultry farming According to the Worldwatch Institute ... to intensive poultry farming is free range free range farming, however, this method of husbandry ... main methods of poultry farming has led to long term issues of ethical consumerism . Opponents of intensive farming argue that it harms the environment and creates health risks, as well as abusing the animals. Advocates of intensive farming say that their highly efficient systems save land and food ... s Griffin , p. 30. ref The most intensive poultry farming methods are very efficient and allow meat ... www.ciwf.org.uk farm animals poultry egg laying hens default.aspx title Compassion in World Farming ... right Free range chickens being fed outdoors main Free range Free range poultry farming allows the birds ... farming which specifies a minimum condition for free range eggs that hens have continuous daytime access ... of overhead shade shelter of 8 m sup 2 sup per 1,000 hens must be provided. Free range farming of egg ... The benefits of free range poultry farming for laying hens include opportunities for natural behaviours such as pecking, scratching, foraging and exercise outdoors. ref name ciwf.org.uk Free range farming .... In South East Asia, a lack of disease control in free range farming has been associated ... Free range farming and avian flu 3 .pdf Free range farming and avian flu in Asia retrieved ... with free range farming, yarding is actually a separate method of poultry culture by which chickens ... such as wood shavings or rice hulls, indoors in climate controlled housing. Under modern farming methods ... animals poultry meat chickens welfare issues.aspx title Compassion in World Farming Meat chickens ... more details
Unreferenced date July 2008 Vegetable farming is the growing of vegetable s for human consumption. Traditionally it was done in the soil in small rows or blocks, often primarily for consumption on the farm, with the excess sold in nearby towns. Later, farms on the edge of large communities could specialize in vegetable production, with the short distance allowing the farmer to get his produce to market while still fresh. The Three Sisters agriculture three sisters method used by Native Americans in the United States Native Americans specifically the Haudenosaunee Iroquois grew Squash plant squash , beans and Maize corn together so that the plants enhanced each other s growth. Planting in long rows allows machinery to cultivate the fields, increasing efficiency and output however, the diversity of vegetable crops requires a number of techniques to be used to optimize the growth of each type of plant. Some farms, therefore, specialize in one vegetable others grow a large variety. Due to the needs to market vegetables while fresh, vegetable gardening has high labor demands. Some farms avoid this by running u pick operations where the customers pick their own produce. The development of ripening technologies and refrigeration has reduced the problems with getting produce to market in good condition. Over the past 100 years a new technique has emerged raised bed gardening , which has increased yields from small plots of soil without the need for commercial, energy intensive fertilizer s. Modern Hydroponics hydroponic farming produces very high yields in greenhouse s without using any soil. Several economic models exist for vegetable farms farms may grow large quantities of a few vegetables and sell them in bulk to major markets or middlemen, which requires large growing operations farms may produce for local customers, which requires a larger distribution effort farms may produce a variety of vegetables for sale through on farm stalls, local farmer s market s, u pick operations ... more details
From the United States breakdown by species ref ref name trade51 therefore, turtle farming is usually ... sinensis farming, with the first farm started by Mr. Kurajiro Hattori in Fukagawa Tokyo Fukagawa ... on Turtle Farming in China an extract from a report of CITES animals committee meeting in Geneva August ... for the massive scale of turtle farming in China last Shi first Haitao last2 Parham first2 James ... 1995 2000. ref Turtle farming exists in Vietnam as well, at least on a family farm scale. As early ... were said to have studied the turtle farming techniques in Thailand. ref citation url http ... 202 date December 2, 2004 author Thanh Quy ref United States Turtle farming in the United States ... the effect of turtle farming on the wild turtle populations, many of which are endangered. As the conservation ... caution that turtle farming creates extra pressure on the wild populations, as farmers commonly believe ... of some species. ref name ff ref name shietal2007 citation title Farming endangered turtles to extinction ... 13 15 year 1996 title GUEST EDITORIAL MARINE TURTLE FARMING AND HEALTH ISSUES ref See also Portal Turtles ... more details
The Hill Farming Act 1946 is an Act of Parliament Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom . It was passed during the Labour government of Clement Attlee . This Act aimed to encourage the expansion of pastoral farming and made grants available for improving upland farms. ref http www.nationalarchives.gov.uk cabinetpapers themes farming agriculture acts.htm ref ref http www.legislation.gov.uk ukpga Geo6 9 10 73 contents ref Notes reflist UK legislation Category United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1946 ... more details
The Organic Farming Digest 1946 1954 was the first organic journal to be published by an agricultural association. The Digest was published quarterly and it included Australian, British, American, European and African authors. About half of the articles published were by Australian authors ref name Paull2008 Paull, John http www.orgprints.org 15089 1 15089new.pdf The Lost History of Organic Farming in Australia , Journal of Organic Systems , 2008, 3 2 2 17. ref . The Organic Farming Digest was published by the Australian Organic Farming and Gardening Society 1944 1955 which was founded in Sydney , Australia on 5 October 1944. The Society was the first agricultural organisation in the world to call itself an organic association ref name Paull2008 . The Australian society was founded two years before the UK s Soil Association ref name Paull2008 . The Organic Farming Digest was also adopted and distributed as the official publication of the Living Soil Association of Tasmania ref name Paull2009 Paull, John http orgprints.org 16429 1 16429.pdf The Living Soil Association Pioneering Organic Farming and Innovating Social Inclusion , Journal of Organic Systems , 2009, 4 1 15 33. ref . The main Australian contributing authors were V.H. Kelly and New South Wales grazier Colonel Harold White. The main UK authors published were Albert Howard and F.C. King. The main US authors published in the Organic Farming Digest were Ehrenfried Pfeiffer and Jerome Irving Rodale ref name Paull2008 . The Society promoted organic agriculture and distributed the Digest throughout Australia and beyond for a decade. The final issue of the Digest was Volume 3, Number 5 dated December 1954. The Society was wound up on 19th January 1955 and the reason given was lack of funds ref name Paull2008 . See also Agriculture Organic farming Organic food Australian Organic Farming and Gardening Society Living Soil Association of Tasmania References reflist Category Organic farming af Organiese landbou ar ... more details
orphan date June 2007 The Oxford Farming Conference OFC is an annual conference for the UK s farmer s that takes place in Oxford , United Kingdom , in the first week of January. The 63rd annual conference was held 5 7 January 2009. Speakers included the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs , Hilary Benn , and the Chief Scientist of the UK government s Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Defra , Professor Robert Watson scientist Robert Watson . The 2010 Oxford Farming Conference will be held at the University of Oxford s Examination Schools , in the High Street, Oxford High Street , central Oxford, on 4 6 January 2010. The OFC has been mentioned in the long running BBC Radio 4 series, The Archers . ref http www.bbc.co.uk radio4 archers backstage oxford conference.shtml Oxford Farming Conference , The Archers , BBC Radio 4 , 3 January 2008. ref References reflist External links http www.ofc.org.uk Oxford Farming Conference website Category Conferences Category Culture in Oxford Category Visitor attractions in Oxford Category Agricultural organisations based in the United Kingdom agri stub ... more details
Farming dependent county The Economic Research Service ERS of USDA categorizes non metropolitan counties by their dominant economic foundation and by characteristic policy type. The 2004 County Typology Codes were developed for all 3,141 counties, county equivalents, and independent cities in the United States. Farming dependent counties 440 total, 403 nonmetro are those with either 15 percent or more of average annual labor and proprietors earnings derived from farming during 1998 2000 or 15 percent or more of employed residents worked in farm occupations in 2000. References CRS article Report for Congress Agriculture A Glossary of Terms, Programs, and Laws, 2005 Edition url http ncseonline.org nle crsreports 05jun 97 905.pdf author Jasper Womach Category United States Department of Agriculture ... more details
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