File Fasces lictoriae.svg thumb upright Roman fasces . Fasces IPAc en icon f s i z , a plurale tantum ... bin dictionary?va fasces Merriam Webster Online Dictionary fasces ref are a bundle of wooden sticks ... power sociology power and jurisdiction , and or strength through unity . ref Fascio ref Fasces frequently ... Rome Roman fasces consisted of a bundle of Betula pubescens birch rods, tied together with a red ... could summarily execute a Roman citizen. ref http www.livius.org fa fn fasces fasces.html Livius.org , fasces ref It was used as a symbol of the Roman Republic in many circumstances, including being ... workers unions. Numerous governments and other authorities have used the image of the fasces ... to the old republic and or its ideals. Italian Fascism , which derives its name from the fasces , arguably .... However, unlike for example the swastika , the fasces , as a widespread and long established ... States. Antiquity File Cincinnatus statue.jpg thumb left 220px A statue of Cincinnatus holding fasces, in Cincinnati, Ohio Cincinnati , USA. The fasces lictoriae bundles of the lictor s symbol ised ... lictors each carried fasces as a sort of staff of office before a magistrate , in a number corresponding to his rank, in public ceremonies and inspections. Bearers of fasces preceded consul s and proconsul ... soldiers those who had suffered injury in battle carried fasces in procession. Roman historians recalled ... past, and sought to account for the number and to provide etymologies for the name lictor . Fasces ... fasces. There is little archaeological evidence. ref cite web url http www.livius.org fa fn fasces fasces.html accessdate 2011 04 13 title Fasces date 2011 03 26 ref Traditionally, fasces carried within ... had the ultimate power in his own hands. But in 48 BC, guards holding bladed fasces guided ... sella curulis . Fasces in the United States File National Guard Bureau insignia .svg thumb National Guard Bureau insignia The following cases all involve the adoption of the fasces as a visual image ... more details
Infobox planet discovery yes physical characteristics yes bgcolour FFFFC0 name 1107 Lictoria ref cite web title JPL Small Body Database Browser url http ssd.jpl.nasa.gov sbdb.cgi?sstr 1107 accessdate October 9, 2007 ref discoverer Volta, L. at Pino Torinese discovered March 30, 1929 epoch October 27, 2007 Julian date JD 2454400.5 TDB semimajor 3.1814565 Astronomical unit AU perihelion 2.77562 AU aphelion 3.1814565 eccentricity 0.1275631 period 2072.7046049 day d 5.67 Julian year astronomy a inclination 7.06874 degree angle asc node 110.99438 arg peri 353.43329 mean anomaly 10.46116 dimensions 79.17 km rotation 8.561 h abs magnitude 9.10 albedo 0.0646 1107 Lictoria is a main belt asteroid orbiting the Sun . It was discovered by L. Volta on March 30, 1929 at Pino Torinese , Italy , and it was independently discovered by Karl Reinmuth in Heidelberg , Germany on March 19, 1929. Its provisional designation was 1929 FB. Its name was derived from the symbol of the Italian fascist party, which was called Fasci Littori, derived from Latin Fasces Fasces Lictores . ref cite book last Schmadel first Lutz D. title Dictionary of Minor Planet Names publisher Springer year 2003 isbn 3 540 00238 3 ref References references Minor planets navigator 1106 Cydonia 1108 Demeter Small Solar System bodies DEFAULTSORT Lictoria Category Main Belt asteroids Category Asteroids named for places Category Astronomical objects discovered in 1929 de 1107 Lictoria el 1107 eo 1107 Liktorio eu 1107 Lictoria fa it 1107 Lictoria la 1107 Lictoria hu 1107 Lictoria ja no 1107 Lictoria nn 1107 Lictoria pl 1107 Lictoria pt 1107 Lictoria sk 1107 Lictoria sr 1107 Lictoria tl 1107 Lictoria uk 1107 vi 1107 Lictoria yo 1107 Lictoria ... more details
Infobox coat of arms name Coat of arms of the Romanian Police image COA Politia Romana.svg image width middle middle width middle caption lesser lesser width lesser caption image2 image2 width image2 caption image3 image3 width image3 caption armiger year adopted crest torse shield blue shield with a golden balance having its scales well balanced, in the upper part, and, in its lower part, two Roman axes, crossed and natural supporters compartment motto lang la LEX ET HONOR orders other elements earlier versions use The heraldic ensigns of the Romanian Police consist of the following elements large blue shield with a crusader golden eagle, having its head turned to the right, red peak and claws, open wings, holding a silver sword in its right claw the green olive branch, symbolizing peace and order, replacing the mace from the coat of arms of the country. The small blue shield, placed on the eagle s chest, having a golden balance having its scales well balanced, in the upper part, and, in its lower part, two Roman fasces , crossed and natural at the bottom of the external shield, on a white scarf, the motto of the ministry is written in black lang la LEX ET HONOR . The balance symbolizes the social justice, highlighting the competence of the institution in the field of law enforcement. The Roman fasces evoke the attributions of the Romanian Police in a lawful state, as a guarantee of public order. References en icon http www.mira.gov.ro engleza index01 2.htm Website of the Romanian Ministry of Interior and Administrative Reform ro icon http www.mira.gov.ro index01 2.htm Website of the Romanian Ministry of Interior and Administrative Reform Romanian heraldry Category Romanian heraldry Police Category Romanian Police Coat of Arms ... more details
Fascia IPAc en icon f i plural fasciae IPAc en f . a adjective fascial from Latin band or door frame may refer to Places Italy Fascia, Liguria , a comune in the Province of Genoa Other uses fascia anatomy , a layer of connective tissue in the human body Glossary of entomology terms fascia entomology , a transverse band of a different colour on insect abdomen, wing, etc. Fascia architecture , a long, horizontal surface across the top of a structure Fascia car , a dashboard of a car or the front and rear ends of a car Fascia phone , a removable mobile phone housing Fascia vestment , a sash worn higher than the waist by Roman Catholic clerics Facia Group, the company founded by Sheffield businessman Stephen Hinchliffe See also Fasces Fascio disambig de Fascia fr Fascia homonymie it Fascia nl Fascia no Fascia ... more details
Multiple issues wikify January 2012 orphan January 2012 lead missing December 2011 unreferenced December 2011 Image Armoiries Terre de Haut Saintes .svg right 200px thumb Cut waved, to the first one of silver for two fasces of azure with the Iguana iguana iguana binding on the whole in the second of azure in the Fort Napol on des Saintes fort of silver opened by sand. The ecu is stamped by a crown of golden hulls with sails of silver and supported by two golden fishes. An anchor appears from the point to significate that the Bay is one of the most beautiful of the world. They were adopted during the Patron saint s day of August 15, 1979.They were adopted during the Patron saint s day of August 15, 1979. Coat of arms of North America References Reflist Category Culture of les des Saintes Category National coats of arms Terre de Haut les Saintes Guadeloupe stub Heraldry stub fr Armoiries de Terre de Haut les Saintes ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 Infobox Coat of arms name Coat of arms of Cameroon image Coat of arms of Cameroon.svg image width 200px middle Coat of arms of Cameroon old.svg middle width 150px middle caption Old version lesser lesser width lesser caption image2 image2 width image2 caption image3 image3 width image3 caption armiger Cameroon Republic of Cameroon year adopted 1986 crest A banner bearing the motto in French and English torse shield Per pile gules, Vert, and Or per pale a mullet Or and the scales of justice sable with pans argent superimposed on a map of Cameroon azure. supporters Crossed fasces with axes compartment A scroll bearing the name of the country in French and English motto Paix, Travail, Patrie Peace, Work, Fatherland orders other elements earlier versions use The Coat of arms of Cameroon consists of a shield with a banner above and below it. Behind the shield are two crossed fasces . The shield has the same color pattern as the flag of Cameroon , and in the center is a map of the nation. The scales of justice are superimposed on top of the map of the nation. The banner at the bottom gives the name of the nation in French language French and English language English . The top banner contains the national motto Lang fr Paix, Travail, Patrie . The fasces are a symbol of the republic s authority, and the scales of justice represent justice. ref http www.ngw.nl int afr cm nat.htm National arms of Cameroon ref The previous version of the state arms had text in French only, with R publique du Cameroun 1er Janvier 1960 on a scroll above the shield, and Paix, Travail, Patrie below the shield. The shield differed in that the green and yellow areas to left and right each had one large blue five pointed star, while the central red area did not have a star on top so that the blue map outline of Cameroon extended higher . ref Guide to the Flags of the World by Mauro Talocci, revised and updated by Whitney Smith ISBN 0 688 01141 1 , p. 144. ref References ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 File Forsvarets Auditoerkorps.jpg thumb Logo of Forsvarets Audit rkorps, note the two fasces Defence Judge Advocate Corps Lang da Forsvarets Audit rkorps , short FAUK is a Danish independent military prosecutor and the legal branch of the Danish military . It is a Level.I command and is under the Ministry of Defence Denmark Ministry of Defence . The Generalaudit r Judge advocate General heads the Defence Judge Advocate Corps. It is located at Kastellet, Copenhagen Kastellet in Copenhagen . The Judge advocate General and Judge advocates are members of the military system, but outside the military rank system. The Chief of Defence Denmark Chief of Defence , otherwise the commander of all Danish military personal, does not have authority over Judge advocates prosecutors. In a military criminal case the Defence Judge Advocate Corps conducts investigation and decides whether or not a charge should be brought up. See also Judge Advocate General disambiguation Navboxes list Military of Denmark Category Military of Denmark Category Danish law Category Region specific legal occupations Category Legal occupations in the military Denmark org stub Europe law stub da Forsvarets Audit rkorps no Forsvarets Audit rkorps ... more details
Giovent Fascista Fascism Fascist Youth was a magazine designed for youth in Italy under Benito Mussolini s Italian Fascism Fascist state . Its features included stories and cartoon s praising the regime and inculcating the tenets of Fascism. Most of the magazine covers feature the fasces , and sometimes other Ancient Rome Roman imagery the style of its illustrations was heavily influenced by art deco . The paper was founded on March 23, 1931 the 12th anniversary of the creation of the Fasci Italiani di Combattimento , the precursor of the National Fascist Party . Its first editor was Carlo Scorza , replaced by Achille Starace later in the first year of the magazine s existence. During its existence, Giovent Fascista published contributions by notable Fascists, including Filippo Tommaso Marinetti , Italo Balbo , Giovanni Giuriati , and Giuseppe Bottai . It was no longer in print after December 1936. External links http www.library.wisc.edu libraries dpf Fascism Youth.html Italian Life Under Fascism Fascist Youth Organizations http www.ferraguti.it vetrsch.aspx?id 81 Presentation at Libreria Ivo Ferraguti in Italian Fascism work Category Publications established in 1931 Category Publications disestablished in 1936 Category Fascist newspapers and magazines Category Italian fascism Category Italian language magazines Category Defunct magazines of Italy Category Youth magazines Category Italian children s magazines Category Art Deco Europe poli mag stub fascism stub child mag stub Italy mag stub ... more details
Infobox French commune name Villeromain image Blason ville fr Villeromain Loir et Cher .svg caption Blason de la commune de Villeromain d or aux trois fasces ent es de gueules region Centre r gion fran aise Centre department Loir et Cher arrondissement Arrondissement of Vend me Vend me canton Canton of Selommes Selommes INSEE 41290 postal code 41100 mayor Fran ois Cochet term intercommunality Communaut de communes de Beauce et G tine longitude 1.1439 latitude 47.7297 elevation m 126 elevation min m 114 elevation max m 133 area km2 13.08 population 198 population date 1999 Villeromain is a Communes of France commune in the Loir et Cher Departments of France department in central France . See also Communes of the Loir et Cher department Loir et Cher communes Category Communes of Loir et Cher LoirCher geo stub ca Villeromain ceb Villeromain es Villeromain eu Villeromain fr Villeromain it Villeromain ms Villeromain nl Villeromain oc Villeromain pl Villeromain pt Villeromain sk Villeromain sv Villeromain uk vi Villeromain vo Villeromain war Villeromain ... more details
Azure, a fess Gules fimbriated Or between in chief a fasces and in base a giant cactus, both of the last .... The cactus indicates the Mexican Border service and the fasces from the arms of the French Republic ... Shield Azure, a fess Gules fimbriated Or between in chief a fasces and in base a giant cactus, both ... service ribbon. The cactus indicates the Mexican Border service and the fasces from the arms of the French ... more details
Image Pag 35 7.jpg thumb right View from the Torre, looking south east to the Sforza Castle in the foregroung and the Milan Cathedral Duomo in the background Torre Branca Branca Tower is an iron panoramic tower located in Parco Sempione , the main city park of Milan , Italy . It is 108.6 m high, which makes it the fourth highest structure in Milan after Palazzo Lombardia 161 m , the Pirelli Tower 127.1 m and the Torre Breda Breda Tower 116 m . The top of the tower is a popular panoramic point on a clear day, the view may encompass the Milan cityline as well as the Alps , the Apennine Mountains Apennines , and part of the Po Valley . The tower was designed by architect Gio Ponti and inaugurated in 1933, in the Italian Fascism Fascist era it was originally named Torre Littoria after fascio littorio , i.e., the fasces . After World War II it was renamed Torre del Parco park tower . In 1972, access to the top of the tower was closed as the structure needed restoring. It was restructured in 2002 by the Branca liquor company, and thus renamed Torre Branca. Since 2002 it is again open to the public. Milan geo stub coord 45 28 24 N 9 10 22 E region IT source kolossus itwiki display title Category Buildings and structures in Milan Category Visitor attractions in Milan Category Towers in Italy de Torre Branca it Torre Branca ... more details
Chicago City Hall rooftop garden.jpg width2 175 caption2 image3 Fasces on City Hall Chicago.jpg width3 175 caption3 A Fasces below the entrance to the building. image4 width4 caption4 image5 width5 ... more details
Refimprove date June 2007 File Batavische Rep G sch.png right The Dutch Maiden is a national personification of the Netherlands . From the renaissance period onwards, Dutch cities symbolised themselves with effigies of a stedenmaagd , or town maiden. An example is found in the 16th century Groothoofdspoort in Dordrecht , where the Dordrecht Maiden is seated in the symbolical Garden of Holland. During the Dutch Revolt , maidens representing the United Provinces of the Netherlands Dutch provinces , or a single maiden representing the Netherlands, became a recurrent theme on allegorical cartoons . By ordinance of 25 May 1694, the States General of the Netherlands States General introduced a uniform coin design in the Netherlands, showing a Maiden leaning on a bible placed on an altar , holding a lance with the Cap of Liberty. ref http www.muntenmuseum.nl PDF Staten 20Generaal 2025 20mei 201694.pdf ref ref Hubert de Vries, Wapens van de Nederlanden. De historische ontwikkeling van de heraldische symbolen van Nederland, Belgi , hun provincies en Luxemburg. Uitgeverij Jan Mets, Amsterdam, 1995, page 183, note 9. ref The short lived Batavian Republic , created in the Netherlands under the auspices of France , adopted the Dutch Maiden as its main symbol. The Maiden was depicted on the upper left corner of the Batavian Republic s flag. She was depicted with a lion at her feet. In one hand she bore a shield with the fasces Roman fasces and in the other a lance crowned with the cap of liberty. ref Hubert de Vries, Wapens van de Nederlanden. De historische ontwikkeling van de heraldische symbolen van Nederland, Belgi , hun provincies en Luxemburg. Uitgeverij Jan Mets, Amsterdam, 1995, page 38 39. ref The Dutch Maiden continued to be used as a symbol after the creation of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1815. She appears in 19th century monuments like the one on Plein 1813 in The Hague , ref http www.vanderkrogt.net standbeelden object.php?record ZH15bg ref the one commemorati ... more details
of the National Fascist Party, bearing the fasces, which was the premier symbol of Italian Fascism. File Fascist Eagle.svg right thumb 200px A perched eagle clutching a fasces was a common symbol used on Italian Fascist uniforms. The original symbol of fascism, in Italy under Benito Mussolini , was the fasces ... the Italian fascists adopted the fasces, the symbol had been used by Italian political organizations ... which typically bore fasces or an eagle clutching a fasces on their caps or on the left arm section ... Fascists uniforms, with an eagle clutching a wreathed swastika instead of a fasces, and a Nazi flag ... used by the People s Action Party of Singapore . The BUF previously used the image of a gold fasces ... more details
increasingly violent and tyrannical each decemvir was attended by twelve lictors, who carried the fasces ... lictors, and only the dictator could display the fasces with axes within the pomerium . When the Decemvirate ... more details
to magistrates who held imperium . They carried rods decorated with fasces and, outside the pomerium ... of lictor, who did not carry rods or fasces and whose main tasks were religious. Some thirty in number ... Assembly and to maintain order during its procedures. See also Cursus honorum Fasces Imperium ... more details
wiktionary faggot fagot pp semi protected small yes Faggot , fagot , faggots , or faggoting may refer to faggot or fagot, branch or twig, or bundle of these Fasces Faggot unit , archaic unit of measurement for bundles of sticks Death by burning , metonymically referred to by the faggots which fuel the fire Ashen faggot or ashton fagot , Christmas wassail tradition in the West Country of England Faggot slang , pejorative, now usually for a gay man, also having older and derived pejorative senses Faggot food , British meatball commonly made of pork offal Faggots novel Faggots novel , 1978 novel by Larry Kramer Faggoting metalworking , forge welding a bundle of bars of iron and steel Faggoting knitting , variation of lace knitting in which every stitch is a yarn over or a decrease Faggoting stitch, featherstitch , or Cretan stitch, embroidery stitch used to make decorative seams or to attach insertions Mikoyan Gurevich MiG 15 , USSR jet fighter with NATO reporting name Fagot 9K111 Fagot , an anti tank guided missile Bassoon , variously called fagotto, faggot, fagott, fagot Faggot cell , blast cell type found in acute promyelocytic leukemia Eumeta crameri or faggot worm, from the bundles of twigs it binds to itself Jacob Faggot 1699 1777 , Swedish scientist who miscalculated the pitches of the Str hle construction Faggot , a song by Mindless Self Indulgence a track from Frankenstein Girls Will Seem Strangely Sexy a track from Our Pain, Your Gain Faggot , a track from the stand up comedy album Deadbeat Hero by Doug Stanhope See also Fag disambiguation Faggot voter , hireling eligible to vote as nominal titleholder of part of a subdivided property disambiguation de Faggot fr Fagot hr Fagot razdvojba hu Fagot egy rtelm s t lap simple Faggot ... more details
Ausonium atomic symbol Ao was the name assigned to the element with atomic number 93, now known as neptunium . It was named after a Greek name of Italy, Ausonia . ref name Fermi cite journal doi 10.1038 133898a0 title Possible Production of Elements of Atomic Number Higher than 92 year 1934 author Fermi, E. journal Nature volume 133 pages 898 899 bibcode 1934Natur.133..898F issue 3372 ref The same team assigned the name hesperium to element 94, after Italy Hesperia , a poetic name of Italy. ref name Sime cite journal title The Search for Transuranium Elements and the Discovery of Nuclear Fission journal Physics in Perspective volume 2 issue 1 year 2000 doi 10.1007 s000160050036 pages 48&ndash 62 first Ruth Lewin last Sime ref The discovery of the element, now discredited, was made by Enrico Fermi and a team of scientists at the University of Rome La Sapienza University of Rome in 1934. In the same year Ida Noddack already presented alternative explanations for the experimental results of Fermi. ref cite journal doi 10.1002 ange.19340473707 title ber das Element 93 year 1934 author Noddack, Ida journal Angewandte Chemie volume 47 pages 653 issue 37 ref Following the discovery of nuclear fission in 1938, it was realized that Fermi s discovery was actually a mixture of barium , krypton , and other elements. The actual element was discovered several years later, and assigned the name neptunium. ref name Sime Fascist authorities wanted one of the elements to be named littorio after the Roman lictor es who carried the fasces , a symbol appropriated by Fascism. ref name Sime References Reflist http elements.vanderkrogt.net element.php?sym Np Element name etymologies . Retrieved February 23, 2010. Enrico Fermi, http www.nobel.se physics laureates 1938 fermi lecture.pdf Artificial radioactivity produced by neutron bombardment , Nobel Lecture, December 12, 1938. Category Actinides Category 1934 introductions Category Science and technology in Italy Category Neptunium Categor ... more details
Hesperium also known as esperium atomic symbol Es was the name assigned to the element with atomic number 94, now known as plutonium . It was named in Italian Esperio after a Greek name of Italy, Hesperia, the land of the West . The same team assigned the name ausonium to element 93, after Ausonia , a poetic name of Italy. By comparison, Uranium has atomic number 92. The discovery of the element, now discredited, was claimed by Enrico Fermi and a team of scientists at the University of Rome La Sapienza University of Rome in 1934. Following the discovery of nuclear fission in 1938, it was realized that Fermi s hesperium was a mixture of barium , krypton and other elements. The actual element was discovered several years later, and named plutonium. Fascist authorities wanted one of the elements to be named littorio after the Roman lictor es who carried the fasces , a symbol appropriated by Fascism. See also Nuclear fission History History of nuclear fission References http elements.vanderkrogt.net element.php?sym Np Element name etymologies . Retrieved February 23, 2010. Enrico Fermi, http www.nobel.se physics laureates 1938 fermi lecture.pdf Artificial radioactivity produced by neutron bombardment , Nobel Lecture, December 12, 1938. cite journal title The Search for Transuranium Elements and the Discovery of Nuclear Fission journal Physics in Perspective volume 2 issue 1 year 2000 doi 10.1007 s000160050036 pages 48 62 first Ruth Lewin last Sime Category Plutonium Category 1934 introductions Category Science and technology in Italy Category Misidentified chemical elements ru ... more details
Two Down and One to Go was a short propaganda film produced in 1945 as its title might suggest, its overall message was that the first two Axis powers , Kingdom of Italy 1861 1946 Italy and Nazi Germany Germany , had been defeated, but that one, Empire of Japan Japan , still had to be dealt with. Presented by the Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson Henry Stimson and narrated by Chief of Staff of the United States Army Army Chief of Staff George Marshall , the film is notable for its heavy use of animated graphics, spliced with stock footage. Opening with a fasces being splintered over Italy, and a swastika being exploded over Germany, the film cuts to a Arthur Szyk caricature of Benito Mussolini , Adolf Hitler and Hideki T j , an X being superimposed on the respective dictators, then turning to Tojo. Gen. Marshall informs the audience why the United States had chosen a Europe first strategy for the war, noting the supply lines where far shorter for Europe, and that the US simply did not have the material, in the early stages of the war, to launch an invasion of Japan. He also notes that in the European theatre the US had strong fighting Allies and airbase s in England which could help them launch an attack on Germany, while in the Pacific theatre we had no airbases near Japan, and no strong allies, however brave . The general ends the film by reminding the audience that the war cannot be won until Japanese military might is completely crushed . See also List of Allied propaganda films of World War II External links Internet Archive short film id TwoDownandOnetoGo name Two Down and One to Go 1945 http www.youtube.com watch?v 6VPAjDhRK 4 Complete film at YouTube war film stub short film stub Category 1945 films Category American World War II propaganda shorts ... more details
Infobox Company image Image KerrMermaidBuckle.jpg company name William B. Kerr & Co. company logo Image Kerrmark.jpg foundation 1855 , in Newark, New Jersey , United States industry Jewellery Jewellers and silversmith s products Jewellery Jewelry br Tableware br Gifts and Accessories br Silver household Silver items William B. Kerr Co. was a manufacturer of jewelry, flatware and hollow ware. Established in Newark, New Jersey in 1855. They are listed in the 1915 Edition of the Trademarks of the Jewelry and Kindred Trades as having been located at 144 Orange St. in Newark, NJ. Hallmark Image Kerr bowl and plate.jpg thumb left Silver bowl and plate for children. Kerr s hallmark was a fasces a single bit axe with rods bound with straps. They used this trademark of a medieval axe from 1855 until 1892. Other hallmarks include a hammer, and three X marks. Styles Kerr was known for elaborate and unique Art Nouveau pieces, most especially the American Beauty series, as well as many different patterns of flatware and holloware for children featuring nursery rhymes and images. Sale to Gorham Image Kerr pin.jpg thumb right An Art Nouveau brooch, circa 1900. The William B. Kerr & Co was sold to Gorham Manufacturing Company . Gorham was purchased by Textron in 1967. Gorham was owned by Brown Forman Corporation from 1991 to 2005 until it was sold to Department 56 in the Lenox company Lenox holdings transaction. Notes and references Reflist Silver in America, 1840 1940 Magazine Antiques, December 1994 by Charles L. Venable Gorham Silver, 1831 1981 N.Y., Dodd, Mead, 1983, by Charles H. Carpenter External links http www.gorham1831.com misc gorham history.cfm Gorham history Category American silversmiths Category Manufacturing companies based in New Jersey ... more details
for the gastropod of Liotiidae family Vetulonia gastropod File PanoramaVetulonia.jpg thumb Panorama of Vetulonia. Vetulonia , formerly called Vetulonium Etruscan Vatluna , was an ancient town of Etruria , Italy , the site of which is probably occupied by the modern village of Vetulonia, which up to 1887 bore the name of Colonnata and Colonna di Buriano the site is currently a frazione of the comune of Castiglione della Pescaia , with some 400 inhabitants. It lies 300m above sea level , about ten miles directly northwest of Grosseto , on the northeast side of the hills which project from the flat Maremma and form the promontory of Castiglione. History and main sights Vetulonia has Etruscan civilization Etruscan origins. Dionysius of Halicarnassus ref Dionysius, iii.52. ref places the city within the Latin alliance against Ancient Rome Rome in the seventh century BC. According to Silius Italicus Punica VIII.485ff , the Romans adopted their magisterial insignia , the Lictors rods and fasces and the curule seat, from Vetulonia in 1898, a tomb in the necropolis was discovered with a bundle of iron rods with a double headed axe in the centre, and soon afterwards, a grave stela inscribed for Avele Feluske was discovered, on which the fasces were pictured. Pliny the Elder and Ptolemy also cite the town. The rich votive furnishing from the two extensive Necropolis necropoleis attest to the importance of Vetulonia s elite. The so called Mura dell Arce Cyclopean masonry cyclopean walls date probably from the 6th 5th century BC, and aerial photography has revealed further stretches, which show the political and commercial importance of Vetulonia, which was famous for its goldsmiths. Under the Roman Empire , however, it shrank to a secondary center, with the northward spread of malaria . Little is known also about medieval Vetulonia first contended between the abbots of San Bartolomeo di Sestinga and the Lambardi family of Buriano, it was acquired by the commune of Massa Maritti ... more details
Image USmace.jpg thumb The Mace of the US House of Representatives The Mace of the United States House of Representatives is one of the oldest symbols of the Federal government of the United States United States government . History In one of its first resolutions, the United States House of Representatives U.S. House of Representatives of the 1st United States Congress 1st Federal Congress April 14, 1789 established the Sergeant at Arms of the United States House of Representatives Office of the Sergeant at Arms . The first Speaker of the United States House of Representatives Speaker of the House , Frederick Muhlenberg of Pennsylvania , approved the ceremonial mace as the proper symbol of the Sergeant at Arms in carrying out the duties of this office. The current mace has been in use since December 1, 1842. It was created by New York silversmith William Adams, at a cost of 400, to replace the first one that was destroyed when the Burning of Washington Capitol Building was burned on August 24, 1814 during the War of 1812 . A simple wooden mace was used in the interim. Description The design of the mace is derived from an Mace club ancient battle weapon and the fasces Roman fasces . The ceremonial mace is 46 inches high and consists of 13 ebony rods representing the Thirteen Colonies original 13 states of the United States Union bound together by silver strands criss crossed over the length of the pole. Atop this shaft is a silver globe on which sits an intricately cast solid silver eagle. File The Mace in the House Chamber.jpg thumb Sitting above the ebony rods of the mace is a cast silver globe, which holds an eagle with spread wings. The continents are etched into the globe, with North America facing front. The eagle, the national bird, is cast in solid silver. Procedure For daily sessions of the House, the Sergeant carries the silver and ebony mace of the House in front of the speaker, in procession to the Podium rostrum . When the House is in Parliamentary sess ... more details
by removing the axes from the fasces carried by the magistrate s lictor s. Citation needed date May 2010 Only the dictator s lictors could carry fasces containing axes. It was forbidden ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2006 Publius Servilius Vatia Isauricus was a Roman Republic Roman Consul elected in 48 BC along with Julius Caesar Gaius Julius Caesar . He is generally regarded as a puppet of Caesar, having a long friendship with the Dictator. He was the son of Publius Servilius Vatia Isauricus consul 79 BCE Publius Servilius Vatia Isauricus . In 54 BC Vatia was praetor . As praetor he opposed Pomptinus in his endeavour to obtain a triumph. At the start of the civil war, Vatia defected from the optimates to Caesar. Caesar made him his colleague as consul for 48 BC . Caesar soon left Rome to fight Pompey in Greece and left Vatia in command of the city. Vatia Isauricus became a very controversial figure after Caesar left him in Rome as the sole head of state while Caesar went to do battle with Pompey the Great Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus . Along with Trebonius Gaius Trebonius , Vatia Isauricus was seen as the perpetrator of the complete destruction of the Roman economy in the 1st Century B.C., and of the populism populist leader and magistrate Marcus Caelius Rufus who led a mob against the regime in 48 B.C. In March, Caelius began talking of abolishing all debt in the city, as even the upper classes had begun to feel the pressure of money, Marcus Tullius Cicero s wife Terentia was forced to sell most of her jewelry. Caelius had no jurisdiction on the standing of debts, his only magistracy being in the administration of foreigners in Rome. Trebonius was to handle debts. After setting up a tribunal within earshot of Trebonius s in the Roman Forum Forum for the second time, Vatia Isauricus himself went to the Forum to confront the rogue magistrate, followed by a retinue of fasces wielding guards. After a heated argument on the tribunal, Vatia Isauricus famously pulled an axe out of one of the fasces and destroyed Caelius s wooden magistrate s chair. Caelius and Vatia Isauricus nearly came to blows, and the mob became so confrontational with the Consul that the gua ... more details
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