The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law UNCITRAL was established by the United Nations General Assembly by its United Nations General Assembly resolution Resolution 2205 XXI of 17 December 1966 to promote the progressive harmonization and unification of international trade law . UNCITRAL carries out its work at annual sessions held alternately in New York City and Vienna . History When world trade began to expand dramatically in the 1960s, national governments began to realize the need ... until then governed international trade. Membership UNCITRAL s original membership comprised 29 states ... and Caribbean states, and 14 Western European states. The Commission member States are elected ... geographic regions and its principal economic and legal systems. Members of the commission are elected ... itself The Commission , which holds an annual plenary session. The second level is the intergovernmental ... to simplify trade transactions and reduce associated costs are developed by working groups comprising ... Trade Law Division of the United Nations Office of Legal Affairs provides substantive secretariat services ... and promoting the codification and wider acceptance of international trade terms, provisions, customs ... and uniform laws in the field of the law of international trade. Collecting and disseminating ... of the law of international trade. Establishing and maintaining a close collaboration with the UN Conference on Trade and development. Maintaining liaison with other UN organs and specialized agencies concerned with international trade. Conventions The Convention is an agreement among participating ... of Transport Terminals in International Trade 1991 the United Nations Convention on Independent Guarantees ... in International Trade 2001 the United Nations Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications ... by the UNCITRAL Commission in its annual session. UNCITRAL has adopted the following legislative guides ... and Enforcement Category International trade organizations Category United Nations General Assembly ... more details
refimprove date November 2011 The FederalCommission on Securities Market FCSM of Russia oversees the Russian securities market. By regulating the securities market, investors are protected and have freedom to participate in the market. The main concern of the FCSM is improving corporate governance of Russian companies, promoting their transition to international financial reporting standards, development of the institution of collective investment, particularly mutual fund s, tax optimization, investors and market participants . ref name FCSM2003 Government of the Russian Federation. Russian Federal Securities Commission. FederalCommission on Securities Market. Russia Metric.ru, 2003. Print. http fkcb.ffms.ru catalog.asp?ob no 1760 . ref FCSM also strives to prevent the manipulation of prices and insider information Members There are 11 members in the FederalCommission on Securities Market ... Chairman Nadezhda Zakharova Secretary of the Russian Federal Securities Commission Glazunov Dmitry Russian Federal Securities Commission member Pleshakov Alexander Member of the Russian Federal Securities Commission Sharonov Alexey Member of the FCSM of Russia Sergei Kharlamov member of the Russian Federal Securities Commission Profatilov Sergey member of the Russian Federal Securities Commission History The Russian Federal Securities Commission started circa 1993 under the President of the Russian Federation . On July 1, 1996, it was completely restructured as the FederalCommission on Securities .... New York Crown Publisher. ref Organizational Structure There are 7 different districts of the FederalCommission on Securities Market of Russia and within these districts, there are 8 regional offices Central Federal District North West Federal District Southern Federal District Volga Federal District Ural Federal District Siberian Federal District Far East Federal District Related Legislation ... Decree 1009 April 22, 1996 Federal Law 39 FZ April 3, 2000 Presidential Decree 620 References reflist ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 The United States presidential election, 2000 was one of the most controversial ever. Legal challenges were taken all the way to the Supreme Court of the United States before Al Gore conceded the election to President George W. Bush . As a result of this contentious election, the National Commission on Federal Election Reform was formed by the University of Virginia s Miller Center of Public Affairs and The Century Foundation . Its goal was to evaluate election reform, review policy proposals, and offer a bipartisan analysis to the United States Congress , the US Executive Branch, and the American people. The Commission was cochaired by former Presidents Jimmy Carter honorary , Gerald Ford honorary , Robert H. Michel and Lloyd N. Cutler , and included distinguished public leaders from across the political spectrum The Commission held four public hearings and organized task forces on the federal election system, election administration, and constitutional and federal election law issues. They released its final report to Congress and the White House on July 31, 2001. In 2002, the bipartisan Help America Vote Act HAVA was passed by the Congress and signed into law by President Bush. The law was in part based on recommendations found in the report. DEFAULTSORT National Commission On Federal Election Reform Category Elections in the United States US poli stub fr National Commission on Federal Election Reform ... more details
No footnotes date July 2009 Image US FMSHRC Seal.png right 180px The Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission is an independent adjudicative agency of the United States government that provides administrative law administrative trial and appellate review of legal disputes arising under the Federal Mine Safety and Health Amendments Act , or Mine Act, of 1977. Under the Mine Act, the U.S. Department of Labor issues regulations covering health and safety in the nation s mining mines . Federal mine inspectors employed by the Department s Mine Safety and Health Administration MSHA enforce these regulations by issuing citations and orders to mine operators. The Commission is concerned solely with the adjudication of disputes under the Mine Act, including the determination of appropriate penalties. It does not regulate mining or enforce the Mine Act. The Commission was established as an independent ... by a closure order. The Commission s administrative law judge s ALJs decide cases at the trial level. The five member Commission provides appellate review. Commissioners are appointed by the U.S. President President and confirmed by the United States Senate Senate . Review of an ALJ decision by the Commission ... decision. However, cases can also be accepted based on the Commission s own direction for review. An ALJ decision that is not accepted for review becomes a final, non precedential order of the Commission. Appeals from the Commission s decisions are to the U.S. courts of appeals. Procedures for appealing cases to the Commission are contained in its Rules of Procedure published in http www.fmshrc.gov rules prorules11 99.html 29 CFR Part 2700 . The Commission also publishes these rules in a separate ... the Commission is also available. The Commission s headquarters and Office of Administrative Law Judges ..., Pennsylvania . Currently, the Commission has a budget of more than United States Dollar ... and Health Review Commission Category Independent agencies of the United States government Category ... more details
SCOTUSCase Litigants Federal Communications Commission v. Pacifica Foundation ArgueDateA April 18 ArgueDateB 19 ArgueYear 1978 DecideDate July 3 DecideYear 1978 FullName Federal Communications Commission v. Pacifica Foundation, et al. Citation 98 S. Ct. 3026 57 L. Ed. 2d 1073 1978 U.S. LEXIS 135 43 Rad. Reg. 2d P & F 493 3 Media L. Rep. 2553 USVol 438 USPage 726 Prior Complain granted, 56 F.C.C.2d 94 1975 reversed, 181 U.S.App.D.C. 132, 556 F.2d 9 1977 certiorari granted, 434 U.S. 1008 Holding Because of the pervasive nature of broadcasting, it has less First Amendment protection than other forms of communication. The F.C.C. was justified in concluding that Carlin s Filthy Words broadcast, though not obscene, was indecent, and subject to restriction. SCOTUS 1975 1981 Majority Stevens JoinMajority Burger, Blackmun, Rehnquist, Powell Concurrence Powell JoinConcurrence Blackmun Dissent Brennan ... Court cases, volume 438 Federal Communications Commission v. Fox Television Stations 2009 Federal Communications Commission v. Fox Television Stations 2012 Further reading cite book chapter FCC v. Pacifica ... http www.firstamendmentcenter.org faclibrary case.aspx?case Federal Communications Commission v Pacifica ... US1stAmendment press state expanded DEFAULTSORT Federal Communications Commission V. Pacifica ... Federal Communications Commission Category Pacifica Radio Category United States Supreme Court cases ... to the United States Constitution U.S. Const. amend. I UnitedStatesCode 18 1464 Federal Communications Commission v. Pacifica Foundation , 438 U.S. 726 1978 is a landmark decision landmark Supreme Court of the United States United States Supreme Court decision that defined the power of the Federal Communications Commission FCC over decency indecent material as applied to broadcasting. In July 2010, a United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit Second Circuit Federal Communications Commission v. Fox Television Stations 2009 decision effectively argued that the Pacifica Decision ... more details
SCOTUSCase Litigants Turner Broadcasting v. Federal Communications Commission ArgueDate January 12 ArgueYear 1994 DecideDate June 27 DecideYear 1994 FullName Turner Broadcasting System, Incorporated, et al., Appellants v. Federal Communications Commission, et al. USVol 512 USPage 622 Citation 114 S. Ct. 2445 129 L. Ed. 2d 497 1994 U.S. LEXIS 4831 62 U.S.L.W. 4647 75 Rad. Reg. 2d P & F 609 22 Media L. Rep. 1865 94 Cal. Daily Op. Service 4831 94 Daily Journal DAR 8894 8 Fla. L. Weekly Fed. S 375 Prior On appeal from the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia Subsequent Holding SCOTUS 1993 1994 Majority Kennedy JoinMajority unanimous part I Rehnquist, Blackmun, O Connor, Scalia, Souter, Thomas, Ginsburg parts II A, II B Rehqnuist, Blackmun, Stevens, Souter parts II C, II D, III A Concurrence Kennedy parts III B JoinConcurrence Rehnquist, Blackmun, Souter Concurrence2 Blackmun Concurrence3 Stevens Concurrence Dissent O Connor JoinConcurrence Dissent Scalia, Ginsburg Thomas parts I, III Concurrence Dissent2 Ginsburg LawsApplied Turner Broadcasting v. Federal Communications Commission , Case citation 512 U.S. 622 1994 , is the first of two Supreme Court of the United States United States Supreme Court cases dealing with the must carry rules imposed on cable television companies . Turner Broadcasting v. Federal Communications Commission II , Case citation 520 U.S. 180 1997 was the second ... Turner Broadcasting v. Federal Communications Commission, 512 U.S. 622 1994 findlaw http caselaw.lp.findlaw.com ... but didn t decide whether the federal regulation of their speech trenched upon their speech rights .... However, under the rule of Red Lion Broadcasting Co. v. FCC Red Lion the High Court held that a federal ... for federal agency regulation of broadcast media to pass constitutional muster, it need only serve ... us 512 622 case.html US1stAmendment press state expanded DEFAULTSORT Turner Broadcasting V. Federal Communications Commission Category United States Supreme Court cases Category United States Free Speech ... more details
Commission on Federal Ethics Law Reform was a commission established by Executive order United States executive order by President of the United States President George H. W. Bush to review federal ethics laws, executive orders, and policies and to make recommendations to the president for legislative, administrative, and other reforms needed to ensure full public confidence in the integrity of all federal public officials and employees. Committee members Malcolm Wilkey Malcolm Richard Wilkey Chairman Griffin Bell Griffin B. Bell Vice Chairman Jan Baran Jan Witold Baran Judith Bello Judith Hippler Bello Lloyd Cutler Lloyd N. Cutler Fred F. Fielding Fred Fisher Fielding Harrison Schmitt Harrison H. Schmitt R. James Woolsey, Jr. R. James Woolsey References http www.presidency.ucsb.edu ws index.php?pid 23521 Executive Order 12668 President s Commission on Federal Ethics Law Reform http bushlibrary.tamu.edu research public papers.php?id 1380&year 1989&month all List of members cite book first Robert North last Roberts authorlink Robert North Roberts coauthors Marion T. Doss, Jr. editor others title From Watergate to Whitewater the public integrity war origdate origyear origmonth url format accessdate 2009 09 08 edition series date year 1997 month September publisher Greenwood Publishing Group Praeger location Westport, CT language isbn 0 275 95597 4 oclc doi id page 133 chapter chapterurl quote Category Reports of the United States government Category United States historical documents Category United States national commissions Category Ethics commissions ... more details
SCOTUSCase Litigants Federal Election Commission v. Akins ArgueDate January 14 ArgueYear 1998 DecideDate June 1 DecideYear 1998 FullName Federal Election Commission v. James E. Akins, Richard Curtiss, Paul Findley, Robert J. Hanks, Andrew Killgore, and Orin Parker USVol 524 USPage 11 Citation 118 S. Ct. 1777 141 L. Ed. 2d 10 1998 U.S. LEXIS 3567 66 U.S.L.W. 4426 98 Cal. Daily Op. Service 4092 98 Daily Journal DAR 5637 98 Colo. J. C.A.R. 2743 11 Fla. L. Weekly Fed. S 581 Prior On writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit Subsequent Holding The Court held that an individual could sue for a violation of a federal law pursuant to a statute enacted by the United States Congress U.S. Congress which created a general right to access certain information. SCOTUS 1994 2005 Majority Breyer JoinMajority Rehnquist, Stevens, Kennedy, Souter, Ginsburg Dissent Scalia JoinDissent O Connor, Thomas LawsApplied United States Constitution U.S. Const. Federal Election Commission v. Akins , 524 U.S. 11 1998 ref citation , was a Supreme Court of the United States United States Supreme Court case deciding that an individual could sue for a violation of a federal law pursuant to a statute enacted by the United States Congress U.S. Congress which created a general ... asked the defendant Federal Elections Commission FEC to determine that an organization called the American ... Supreme Court cases Category Federal Election Commission Category United States standing case ... and reporting requirements under the Federal Election Campaign Act , because AIPAC had crossed certain ..., allowed any party aggrieved by an order of the Commission to file a suit, which is a broad grant .... W here a harm is concrete, though widely shared, the Court has found injury in fact. Federal Election Commission v. Akins 524 U.S. 11, 24 1998 The Court distinguished this case from lawsuit s where an individual ... over a violation and any party aggrieved in defining the class of persons who could bring suit in federal ... more details
SCOTUSCase Litigants McConnell v. Federal Election Commission ArgueDate September 8 ArgueYear 2003 DecideDate December 10 DecideYear 2003 FullName Addison Mitchell McConnell v. Federal Election Commission Citation 124 S. Ct. 619 157 L. Ed. 2d 491 2003 U.S. LEXIS 9195 72 U.S.L.W. 4015 17 Fla. L. Weekly Fed. S 13 USVol 540 USPage 93 Prior Mixed rulings by both the District Court for the District of Columbia and the Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit. Holding Money is property, not speech. Still, not all political speech is protected by the First Amendment from government infringement. SCOTUS 1994 ... Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission 2010 in part McConnell v. Federal Election Commission ... McConnell , Republican Party United States Republican of Kentucky , and the Federal Election Commission , the federal agency that oversees U.S. campaign finance laws. It was partially overruled by Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission , 558 U.S. 50 2010 . ref cite web url http www.slate.com ... importance of the cases. Overturned Portions On July 5, 2007, in Federal Election Commission ... resource case 1637 Summary of case from OYEZ DEFAULTSORT Mcconnell V. Federal Election Commission ... United States elections case law Category Federal Election Commission Category 2003 in United States ... cable and satellite ads clearly identifying a federal candidate targeted to the candidate s electorate ... prohibited federal parties, candidates, and officeholders from raising or spending funds not in compliance ... with federal elections . Opinions Expand section date February 2008 Justices Stephen Breyer ... affected state elections in which federal candidates were involved and also that it did not prevent ... cases, volume 540 List of United States Supreme Court cases Buckley v. Valeo 1976 , regarding Federal ... coauthors year 2005 month title Not Quite Shays Rebellion Putting McConnell v. Federal Election Commission in Perspective journal University of Miami Law Review volume 60 issue page 283 issn 00419818 ... more details
Infobox SCOTUS case Litigants Davis v. Federal Election Commission ArgueDate April 22 ArgueYear 2008 DecideDate June 26 DecideYear 2008 FullName Jack Davis, Appellant v. Federal Election Commission Docket 07 320 USVol 554 USPage 724 Citation 128 S.Ct. 2759, 171 L.Ed.2d 737 Prior Subsequent None Holding 319 a and b of the BCRA are unconstitutional as a violation of the First Amendment right to spend one s own money to advocate one s own election SCOTUS 2006 2009 Majority Alito JoinMajority Roberts, Scalia, Kennedy, Thomas Stevens, Souter, Ginsburg, Breyer only as to part II Concurrence Dissent Stevens ... Act of 2002 Davis v. Federal Election Commission , 554 U.S. 724 2008 , is a decision by the United ..., and the Federal Election Commission FEC if these personal expenditures exceeded additional, enumerated ... Jack Davis brought suit against the Federal Election Commission, alleging that the BCRA disclosure ... either one. Davis filed his lawsuit against the Federal Election Commission between his 2006 ... required a candidate for federal office in the United States to file a declaration of intent regarding ... to the contribution limitations imposed by the BCRA and other federal and state laws. However ... represented a disputes capable of repetition, yet evading review. ref Davis v. Federal Election Commission , 554 U. S. , 9. ref Justices John Paul Stevens , David Souter , Ruth Bader Ginsburg , and Stephen .... The government had argued that the low limits on federal campaign contributions were actually ameliorated ... footing of candidates for federal office, Stevens also found no infringement of the Fifth Amendment ... Davis equal protection claim. Citing Buckley v. Valeo and the more recent McConnell v. Federal Election Commission , 540 U.S. 93 2003 , Stevens said that the Court had condoned legislative ... Category United States elections case law Category 2008 in United States case law Category Federal Election Commission Category United States Free Speech Clause case law ... more details
The following is a list of the chairmen of the Federal Communications Commission . class wikitable cellpadding 2 cellspacing 2 Commissioner Party Home state Start End Party shading Democratic align center Eugene O. Sykes Democratic Party United States Democrat Mississippi July 11, 1934 March 8, 1935 Party shading Democratic align center Anning S. Prall Democratic Party United States Democrat New York July 11, 1934 July 23, 1937 Party shading Democratic align center Frank McNinch Democratic Party United States Democrat North Carolina October 1, 1937 August 31, 1939 Party shading Democratic align center James Lawrence Fly Democratic Party United States Democrat Texas September 1, 1939 November 13, 1944 Party shading Independent align center Ewell K. Jett Independent politician Independent Maryland November 16, 1944 December 20, 1944 Party shading Democratic align center Paul A. Porter Democratic Party United States Democrat Kentucky December 21, 1944 February 25, 1946 Party shading Democratic align center Charles A. Denny Democratic Party United States Democrat District of Columbia February 26, 1946 October 31, 1947 Party shading Democratic align center Paul Atlee Walker Democratic Party United States Democrat Oklahoma November 3, 1947 December 28, 1947 Party shading Democratic align center Wayne Coy Democratic Party United States Democrat Indiana December 29, 1947 February 21, 1952 Party shading Democratic align center Paul Atlee Walker Democratic Party United States Democrat Oklahoma February 28, 1952 April 17, 1953 Party shading Republican align center Rosel H. Hyde Republican Party United States Republican Idaho April 18, 1953 October 3, 1954 Party shading Republican align center George McConnaughey Republican Party United States Republican Ohio October 4, 1954 June 30, 1957 Party shading Republican align center John C. Doerfer Republican Party United States Republican ... Federal Communications Commission Category Chairpersons of the FCC ... more details
Federal Communications Commission v. Fox Television Stations refers to two related Supreme Court cases involving the same basic issue Federal Communications Commission v. Fox Television Stations 2009 , a Second Circuit Court case in which the United States Supreme Court upheld regulations of the Federal Communications Commission that ban fleeting expletives on television broadcasts, finding they were not arbitrary and capricious under the Administrative Procedure Act Federal Communications Commission v. Fox Television Stations 2012 , a Supreme Court case that is a continuation of the 2009 case, which will address whether the FCC s scheme for regulating speech is unconstitutionally vague disambig ... more details
The Report of the Royal Commission on Trade Unions and Employers Associations 1968 Cmnd 3623, known as the Donovan Report , was an inquiry into the system of collective UK labour law , chaired by Lord Donovan and heavily influenced by one if its main authors, Sir Otto Kahn Freund . Overview The Donovan Report recommended a statutory system of remedies for unfair dismissal . The recommendation was put into the Industrial Relations Act 1971 . Exclusive jurisdiction to hear complaints and give remedies was conferred upon the newly created National Industrial Relations Court . The Trade Union and Labour Relations Act 1974 soon replaced the unfair dismissal provisions, as was the National Industrial Relations Court with a system of Industrial Tribunals, since renamed Employment Tribunals. These have one legally qualified chairperson and two lay members, one representing unions and the other representing employers. The present law is found in the Employment Rights Act 1996 . Contents Chapter I. Introduction Chapter II. The Subject Matter of Our Report Chapter III. The System of Industrial Relations Chapter IV. The Reform of Collective Bargaining Chapter V. The Extension of Collective Bargaining Chapter VI. The Efficient Use of Manpower Chapter VII. Strikes and Other Industrial Action Chapter VIII. The Enforcement of Collective Agreements Chapter IX. Safeguards of Employees Against Unfair Dismissal Chapter X. Labour Tribunals Chapter XI. Safeguards for Individuals in Relation to Trade Unions Chapter XII. Trade Unions Chapter XIII. Employers Associations Chapter XIV. Changes in the Law Chapter XV. Workers Participation in Management Chapter XVI. Summary of the Main Conclusions and Recommendations See also UK labour law Notes refs 2 References HA Turner, The Donovan Report 1969 79 313 http www.jstor.org stable 2229625 The Economic Journal 1 10 Category United Kingdom labour law ... more details
Equal Opportunities Commission v Secretary of State for Trade and Industry 2007 IRLR 327 was an application for judicial review of the new implementation by the government of the Employment Equality Sex Discrimination Regulations 2005 . It was alleged, and found, that they were incompatible with the Framework Directive, 2000 73 EC. Facts The Equal Opportunity Commission applied for judicial review of the Employment Equality Sex Discrimination Regulations 2005 introduced by the defendant secretary of state. The Regulations had made amendments to the Sex Discrimination Act 1975 in order to implement Directive 2002 73. The commission argued that the amendments did not properly implement the Directive because, 1 the new s 4A 1 of the Act impermissibly imported causation into the concept of harassment by the words on the grounds of her sex 2 the new s 4A 1 wrongly required that the unwanted conduct had to be by reason of, or on the ground of, the complainant s sex 3 the new s 4A 2 inappropriately imported an objective test into the definition of harassment 4 they had failed to introduce liability on employers for discrimination by third parties 5 they had impermissibly introduced the requirement for a comparator for the purpose of establishing discrimination on grounds of pregnancy, and that as it was not intended that there would still be a remedy for a woman complaining of discrimination by reference to pregnancy or maternity leave under s 1 of the Act in parallel with the new right under s. 3A of the Act, the new section would offend against the principle of regression because it would reduce the protection previously available 6 the new s 6A 7 excluded a claim for discrimination during compulsory maternity leave that the complainant had been deprived of a discretionary bonus and s 6A 3 and s 6A 4 placed a substantial limit on discrimination claims that could be made in respect ... of Amicus v. Secretary of State for Trade and Industry 2004 EWHC 860 Admin , 2007 I.C.R. 1176 considered ... more details
. Subsequent See Federal Communications Commission v. Fox Television Stations 2012 here for more details ... the United States Supreme Court upheld regulations of the Federal Communications Commission that ban ... opinions 08pdf 07 582.pdf 5 4 decision on April 28, 2009 that the Federal Communications Commission ... openly stated his willingness to overturn Federal Communications Commission v. Pacifica Foundation and Red Lion Broadcasting Co. v. Federal Communications Commission , the two cases on which all FCC authority rest, even as he joined the majority on procedural grounds. Subsequent history main Federal Communications Commission v. Fox Television Stations 2012 Upon remand, the Second Circuit addressed ... also Federal Communications Commission v. Pacifica Foundation List of United States Supreme Court ...?docid 7327531526986488331&hl en Fox et al. v. Federal Communications Commission oral argument ..., the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit ruled in the case Fox et al. v. Federal Communications Commission http www.ca2.uscourts.gov 8080 isysnative RDpcT3BpbnNcT1BOXDA2LTE3NjAtYWdfb3BuLnBkZg ..., the court did not definitively settle the First Amendment implications of allowing a federal ... news.aspx?id 19804 Associated Press article about the case DEFAULTSORT Federal Communications Commission V. Fox Television Stations Category United States Supreme Court cases of the Roberts Court Category United States communications regulation case law Category Federal Communications Commission Category Fox network affiliates Category Censorship of broadcasting in the United ... more details
Infobox SCOTUS case ArgueDate December 7 ArgueYear 1959 DecideDate March 7 DecideYear 1960 FullName Federal Power Commission v. Tuscarora Indian Nation USVol 362 USPage 99 Prior United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit Holding The Federal Power Commission did indeed have the right to seize land from the Tuscarora Indian Tribe with just compensation. SCOTUS 1958 1962 Majority ... Black JoinDissent Douglas LawsApplied Federal Power Act wikisource Federal Power Commission v. Tuscarora ... determined that the Federal Power Commission was authorized to take lands owned by the Tuscarora Indian tribe by eminent domain under the Federal Power Act for a hydroelectric power project, upon payment ... by the Federal Power Commission and Power Authority of the State of New York Power Authority of New ... States energy case law Category Federal Power Commission v. Tuscarora Category 1960 in United States ... was a violation under the Federal Power Act. Section 4 of the act declared that reservation land ... part of the Indian Reservation and could not be used and remanded the FPC. The Federal Power Act defined ... parks. Upon this decision the Commission held more hearings, studying both the court s decision and exploring other locations for the reservoir. However the Commission found that other sites ... 159, which mandated that the commission use all of the possible energy that could be extracted from the falls. The Commission then appealed to the Supreme Court. Opinion Majority Associate Justice Charles ... Reservation but whether it was a reservation as defined in the Federal Power Act. The court found that for the purposes of the law, a reservation was any land owned by the Federal Government of the United ... States Although the Court found that the Nonintercourse Act did not bar condemnation under the Federal ... to alienations effected by condemnation proceedings under s 21 of the Federal Power Act ... to alienations effected by condemnation under s 21 of the Federal Power Act, the result would be that the Tuscarora ... more details
, Federal Communications Commission FCC changed its rules on expletives to prohibit single uses ... United States communications regulation case law Category Federal Communications Commission Category ... more details
Infobox SCOTUS case Litigants Federal Election Commission v. Wisconsin Right to Life, Inc. ArgueDate April 25 ArgueYear 2007 DecideDate June 25 DecideYear 2007 FullName Federal Election Commission v. Wisconsin Right to Life, Inc. Docket 06 969 USVol 551 USPage 449 CitationNew Prior Injunction denied, No. 04 1260, 2004 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 29036 United States District Court for the District of Columbia D.D.C. Aug. 17, 2004 injunction denied, appeal dismissed, No. 04 1260, 2004 U.S. App. LEXIS 18795, D.D.C. Sept. 1, 2004 injunction denied, 542 U.S. 1305 2004 William Rehnquist Rehnquist , Chief Justice of the United States C.J. dismissed, No. 04 1260, 2005 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 17226 D.D.C. May 9, 2005 probable jurisdiction noted, 126 S. Ct. 36 2005 2005 term per curiam opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States Wisconsin Right to Life, Inc. v. Federal Election Commission vacated and remanded ... First Amendment to the United States Constitution U.S. Const. amend. I Federal Election Commission ... 10,000 that mentioned a candidate for federal political office within 30 days of a primary election or 60 days of a general election . In McConnell v. Federal Election Commission , the Supreme .... However, the in Wisconsin Right to Life v. Federal Election Commission, 546 U.S. 410 2006 WRTL ... decision in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission . Proposed text of WRTL ad Wedding scene ... v. FEC, 466 F. Supp. 2d 195, 198, n. 3 DC 2006 . See also Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission ... cases Category United States Free Speech Clause case law Category Federal Election Commission Category ... Congress passed the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act McCain Feingold or BCRA , amending the Federal ... advocate the election or defeat of a candidate fell outside the prohibitions and limitations of the Federal ..., the federal district court ruled that the language of McConnell v. FEC precluded not only ... federal judicial nominees from a simple yes or no vote. So qualified candidates don t get a chance ... more details
SCOTUSCase Litigants Red Lion Broadcasting Co. v. Federal Communications Commission ArgueDateA April 2 ArgueDateB 3 ArgueYear 1969 DecideDate June 9 DecideYear 1969 FullName Red Lion Broadcasting Company, Incorporated, et al. v. Federal Communications Commission, et al. USVol 395 USPage 367 Citation 89 S. Ct. 1794 23 L. Ed. 2d 371 1974 U.S. LEXIS 88 1 Media L. Rep. 2053 Prior Motion to dismiss denied, 306 F. Supp. 310 United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois N.D. Ill . 1969 judgment for plaintiff, N.D. Ill. judgment set aside, judgment for defendant, 322 F. Supp. 997 N.D. Ill. 1970 affirmed, 471 F.2d 801 United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit 7th Cir. 1972 rehearing denied, 7th Circuit, 9 7 72 certiorari cert. granted, 410 U.S. 925 1973 Subsequent Retrial on remand, judgment for plaintiff, N.D. Ill. affirmed, 680 F.2d 527 7th Cir. 1982 certiorari denied, 459 U.S. 1226 1983 Holding The First Amendment permits a federal agency to formulate rules to allow persons defamed or potentially defamed access to equal time to respond and a fairness standard ... Broadcasting Company v. Federal Communications Commission Red Lion Broadcasting Co. v. Federal Communications Commission , Case citation 395 U.S. 367 1969 , established the doctrine that broadcast television .... Id. at 380. Official syllabus The Federal Communications Commission FCC has for many years imposed ... congressional policy. pp. 375 386. a The fairness doctrine began shortly after the Federal Radio Commission was established to allocate frequencies among competing applicant in the public interest ... 367 case.html US1stAmendment press state expanded DEFAULTSORT Red Lion Broadcasting Co. V. Federal Communications Commission Category United States Supreme Court cases Category United States Free Speech Clause case law Category United States communications regulation case law Category Federal Communications Commission Category 1969 in United States case law ... more details
Jazz Photo Corp. v. United States International TradeCommission , Case citation 264 F. 3d 1094 United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit Fed. Cir. 2001 , was a case in which the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit clarified the law of repair and reconstruction permitting the owner of a patent ed item to fix the item when it breaks, but not to essentially build a new item from the parts of an old one , holding that it was not a patent infringement for one party to restore another party s patented one use camera to be used a second time. Facts A company called Polytech Enterprise Limited acquired used disposable camera s which had been manufactured by Fujifilm Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. and sold by Fuji to consumers. Fuji owned several patent s on the technology used in the cameras. Polytech refurbished the cameras through a process which included fitting the camera with new film, and in some instances with new flash batteries, repairing the camera case to exclude light following the film reloading operation, repackaging, and relabeling under the trademark of Jazz Photo Corp. The cameras were brought to China to be refurbished, and Jazz Photo then Reimportation reimported them into the United States for sale. The United States Customs Service intercepted two shipments of these cameras, and sought to prevent their entry into the United States on the grounds that they infringed Fuji s patents. Jazz Photo objected, asserting that the patents were not infringed because, rather than build new cameras incorporating the proprietary technology, Jazz Photo had simply purchased Fuji s own cameras and repaired them. Opinion The Federal Circuit, in an opinion written by Judge Pauline Newman , concluded that Jazz Photo was correct. The Court clarified the line between reconstruction building a new copy of a patented invention and permissible repair . Category United States patent case law Category United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit ... more details
Schurz Communications v. Federal Communications Commission and the United States of America , 982 F. 2d 1043 2d Cir. 1992 , held in the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit , was argued on October 2, 1992 and decided on November 5, 1992. The case dealt with the justification of the FCC s regulation of the way television network s are allowed to distribute and produce programs into Television syndication syndication . Judge Posner was the Circuit Judge for the case. This case challenged Syndication and Financial rules imposed in the 1970s, as broadcast television changed with the popularity of cable television, the rise of the Fox Broadcasting Company FOX network , and the discrediting of the leverage theory. Broadcast Structure The broadcast television industry has a structure of three main role players The Network br The network is a vertically integrated media corporation ... Rule Prime Time Access Rule PTAR A rule instated by the Federal Communications Commission FCC in 1970 ... Commission held one day hearing after which it disseminated a revised set of financial interest and syndication rules. 1992 Schurz Communications v. Federal Communications Commission Decision Shurz Communications ... Communications, Incorporated v. Federal Communications Commission and the United States of America ... Category United States communications regulation case law Category Federal Communications Commission ... was held. The Commission held a one day hearing after which it issued an opinion, over the dissents ... to limit power of three major networks CBS, NBC, and ABC. 1980 The commission orders an extensive ... Circuit Decision Order is Vacated and the matter is returned to the Commission for further proceedings. Rationale The Commission s rules were arbitrary. 1.The Commission did not clearly define ... of authority other than to say that the Commission is to act in accordance with the public interest ... firm believed to have market power is unlikely to make the person better off. References Federal Register ... more details
MercadodeSanJuandeDios.jpg thumb right San Juan de Dios Market in Guadalajara, Jalisco Trade is the transfer ... in exchange from the buyer . Trade is sometimes loosely called commerce or financial transaction or barter. A network that allows trade is called a market . The original form of trade was barter economics ... and promoted trade. Trade between two traders is called bilateral trade, while trade between more than two traders is called multilateral trade. Trade exists for man due to specialization and division .... Trade exists between regions because different regions have a comparative advantage in the production ... . As such, trade at market price s between locations benefits both locations. Retail trade ... accessdate 2006 04 04 ref Wholesale trade is defined as the sale of goods or merchandise to retailer ... e.htm chn WTO World Trade Organization ref Trading can also refer to the action performed by trader finance traders and other market agents in the financial markets . History of trade Systemic bias bias European history 1 History section POV problem Euro centric date August 2010 Trade route Prehistory Trade originated with the history of communication start of communication in prehistoric times ... the History of international trade history of long distance commerce from circa 150,000 years ago. ref ... 2 .JPG thumb right A silver statuette of Mercury mythology Mercury the Ancient Rome Roman god of trade. Part of the Berthouville Treasure Berthouville Treasures Trade is believed to have taken place ... range trade routes first appeared in the 3rd millennium BC , when Sumerians in Mesopotamia traded ... Britain Britain for sources of tin to manufacture bronze . For this purpose they established trade ... until the fall of the Roman empire in the 5th century, a financially lucrative trade brought ... that enabled the shipment of trade goods without fear of significant piracy . The fall of the Roman ... and a near collapse of the trade network in the western world. Trade however continued to flourish ... more details
The Commission may refer to The Commission mafia , the governing body of the Mafia in the United States Sicilian Mafia Commission , governing body of the Mafia in Italy European Commission , the executive branch of the European Union The Commission album The Commission album , a 1998 album by Lil Keke The Commission hip hop , an American hip hop group of the mid 1990s disambig ... more details
wiktionary commission commissioning Commission may refer to Commission remuneration , a form of payment to an agent for services rendered Commission document , a document given to commissioned officers. Commissioning, a process or service provided to validate the completeness and accuracy of a project or venture Project commissioning , the process of assuring that all systems and components of a building or industrial plant are designed, installed, tested, operated, and maintained according to the operational requirements of the owner or final client Building commissioning , a quality assurance process during and following building construction Ship commissioning , placing a warship in active military duty Commissioned officer , who derives authority directly from a sovereign power Contrast with Non commissioned officers Statutory commission, a government authority created by statutes of the legislature such as Statutory authority Independent agencies of the United States government Regulatory agency Public benefit corporation Constitutional Commission , a body reviewing or writing a constitution European Commission , the executive body of the European Union Presidential Commission United States , a high level research group Royal Commission , a public inquiry Irish Land Commission , a body designed to fix rents in Ireland U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission , a US body enforcing and regulating the securities industry Great Commission , a tenet of Christian theology given by Jesus to spread his teachings The Commission mafia , the governing body of the mafia in the United States Commission art , the purchase of the creation of a piece of art most often on behalf of another Commissioned gospel group Commission may also be used for Letters patent , an open letter issued ... to non governmental groups such as the Knight Commission on Intercollegiate Athletics A type of contract ... de Kommission fr Commission id Komisi ru fi Komissio sv Kommission ur Commission ... more details
wiktionarypar federalFederal or foederal archaic may refer to In politics Federal monarchy , a federation of monarchies or a federal organised monarchy Federal district , a subdivision in a federal state that is under the direct control of a federal government Federal government , the common level of government of a federation Federal government of the United States United States federal law United States federal courts Union American Civil War Federal republic , a federation of republics Federation federal system , a type of government characterized by both a central federal government and states or regional governments that are partially self governing a union of states Federalism , a political philosophy Federalist Papers , critical early arguments about United States Constitution Government of Australia Government of Canada Government of India Union Government Central Government of India ... of Argentina Places Federal, Entre R os , a city in Argentina Federal architecture , an architectural style related to Georgian architecture Federal album Federal album , the debut album by rapper E 40 Federal Amtrak , a passenger train providing an overnight Boston Washington, D.C. service in 2003 2004 Federal Express passenger train , a passenger train operated by the New Haven and Pennsylvania railroads Federal Bureau of Investigation , the national law enforcement arm of the U.S. government Federal Cartridge , American ammunition manufacturer Federal Coach , American limousine and bus manufacturer Federal Corporation , Taiwanese tyre manufacturer Federal Express , or FedEx, a private logistical services delivery company based in the United States of America Federal Records , a subsidiary label of King Records. Federal Reserve , central bank of the United States Federal Corporation , Taiwan based tire manufacturer Federal film , a 2010 thriller film starring Selton Mello disambig es Federal desambiguaci n nl Federal simple Federal ... more details
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