Fengtian zh c p F ngti n w Feng t ien Chinese Postal Map Romanization Postal map spelling Fengtien Manchu language Manchu Abkai imiyangga fu is The name of an old prefecture under which Shenyang city was administered. Abolished in 1910. The former name of Liaoning province from 1907 to 1929. Under the Manchukuo regime, the name was revived, but was again abolished in 1945. See also Fengtian clique dab de Fengtian ko ja pl Fengtian ru vi Ph ng Thi n zh ... more details
Fengtian Province was one of the provinces of Manchukuo . In 1934 the old Fengtian Province was split into Andong Province Fengtian Province Jinzhou Province In 1941 Fengtian was split into Fengtian Province Siping Province See also List of administrative divisions of Manchukuo coord missing China Category Provinces of Manchukuo china hist stub ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2008 Image Flag of Manchuria autonomists 1922 .svg thumb Flag of Fengtian clique Until December 1928 The Fengtian Clique zh c p F ng X was one of several mutually hostile clique s or factions that split from the Beiyang Army Beiyang Clique in the Republic of China 1912 1949 Republic of China s warlord era . It was named for Fengtian Province now Liaoning and led by Zhang Zuolin . The Fengtian clique participated in conflicts with the Zhili clique for control of Beijing the First Zhili Fengtian War 1922 and the Second Zhili Fengtian War 1924 . The power of the Fengtian Clique began to decrease in the midst of the Kuomintang s Northern Expedition 1926 1927 Northern Expedition . While retreating North Zhang Zuolin s Japanese sponsors blew up his Train killing him. After the assassination of Zhang Zuolin in 1928 by the Japanese, his son, Zhang Xueliang took over the leadership of the clique. Zhang Xueliang then went on to pledge himself and his army to Chiang Kai Shek . The Fengtian Army The Fentian Army was named after the home province of its leader Zhang Zuolin, which was Fengtian , called Liaoning today. The army of Zhang Zuolin was one of the most modern of the Chinese warlord armies, employing technology that many Chinese warlords did not have ... Breguet 14 light Bombers and Breguet Type 15 fighters. The Airforce of the Fengtian Clique ..., one unit of Zhang s army lost 5,000 men in one attack. Alongside these Chinese troops, the Fengtian ... in the Fengtian Army was the Mukden Lancers. Zhang made good use of White Russian officers, the Soviet ... as General Nechaev, Brigadier General Chekhov and his second in command Colonel Makarenko. Fengtian Commanders Zhang Zuolin Overall Fengtian Commander Zhang Xueliang Heir to Zhang Zuolin, Commander of the Fengtian Air Force Zhang Zongchang Ruler of Shandong Wu Junsheng Commander of Fengtian Cavalry ... Warlord cliques in Republican China China hist stub da Fengtian kliken es Camarilla de Fengtian ja ... more details
1922 .png 60px br Fengtian clique commander1 Wu Peifu commander2 Zhang Zuolin strength1 100,000 ... The First Zhili Fengtian War zh c p D y c Zh f ng Zh nzh ng was a 1922 conflict in the Republic of China 1912 1949 Republic of China s Warlord Era between the Zhili clique Zhili and Fengtian clique s for control of Beijing . The war led to the defeat of the Fengtian clique and the fall of its leader, Zhang Zuolin , from the coalition Zhili Fengtian government in Beijing . Wu Peifu was credited as the strategist behind Zhili s victory. Prelude Having jointly seized Beijing in 1920, the Fengtian ... the two cliques in their uneasy coalition government. In 1922, the Fengtian clique replaced Premier .... While the Zhili clique had the backing of the British and Americans, the Fengtian leader was backed ... Fengtian clique cabinet having collapsed only a month after its formation, Zhang Zuolin threatened ... around 100,000 troops, while the Fengtian army deployed some 120,000 troops. The Zhili armies commander ... was the deputy commander in chief of the eastern front Zhang Zuolin was Commander in chief of the Fengtian ... In a repeat of the earlier Zhili Anhui War , the Fengtian army was to attack the Zhili army on two fronts, east and west. The general headquarter of the Fengtian army was at Junliangcheng , which was also the Fengtian army headquarter of the eastern front. Commander in chief of the Fengtian army ... and immediately ordered the attack. Zhang Jinghui was named commander in chief of the Fengtian western front, which was divided into three echelons. The headquarter of Fengtian army s western front was in Changxindian , and the Fengtian army in the west was tasked to directly attack the Zhili ... forces. Western front Fengtian troops deployed on April 10, 1922. After the war broke on April ... forces did not make any progress under the heavy shelling of Fengtian army. On April 30, 1922, Wu Peifu personally went to the front line to order heavy shelling of the Fengtian front, while his ... more details
Infobox Military Conflict conflict Second Zhili Fengtian War partof Warlord era place North China date September 15, 1924 November 3, 1924 result Fengtian clique Fengtian victory combatant1 center Image ... autonomists 1922 .png 60px br Fengtian clique commander1 Image Flag of the Republic of China ... of thousands The Second Zhili Fengtian War zh c p D rc Zh f ng Zh nzh ng of 1924 was a conflict between the Japanese backed Fengtian clique based in Manchuria , and the more liberal Zhili ..., both Feng and Zhang Zuolin , the latter being ruler of the Fengtian clique, appointed Duan Qirui as a figure head prime minister. In south and central China, more liberal Chinese were dismayed by the Fengtian ... north and far south. Indeed, the Fengtian clique was eager to avenge its defeat at the hands of the Zhili clique in the First Zhili Fengtian War last war and had prepared intensively. The Zhili ... for the upcoming Second Zhili Fengtian War. Fengtian s preparation for the war With their previous humiliating defeat at the hands of the Zhili clique on its mind, the Fengtian clique concentrated ... Yang Yuting was named as Inspector General of the Fengtian Armory, while Wang Yintai was named as Director of Department of Materials of the Fengtian Armory. The armory was expanded, with annual production ... . Under the Fengtian Security Headquarters, a Directorate of Navigational Policing was formed .... In conjunction with improving logistics, the Fengtian clique implemented military reforms. Immediately after the First Zhili Fengtian War, brigade commander Bao Deshan and regimental commander ... and Fengtian Viceroy s office left from Qing Dynasty were combined to form the Northeast ... Directorate was also formed to specifically administer the reform needs of the Fengtian ... into a front line headquarters. The Fengtian army expanded to twenty seven brigades from its ... attached to infantry divisions as cavalry companies. Coupled with the increased output of the Fengtian ... more details
Image Chinese warlords 1925.jpg thumb 400px Status prior to the Anti Fengtian War The Anti Fengtian War Fan Feng Zhan Zheng, was the last major civil war within the Republic of China 1912 1949 Republic of China s northern Beiyang government prior to the Northern Expedition 1926 1927 Northern Expedition . It lasted from November 1925 to April 1926 and was waged by the Guominjun against the Fengtian clique and their Zhili clique allies. The war ended with the defeat of the Guominjun and the end of the provisional executive government. The war is also known as either Guominjun Fengtian War Guo Feng Zhan Zheng, , or the Third Zhili Fengtian War Di San Ci Zhi Feng Zhan Zheng, . Cause The end result of the Second Zhili Fengtian War had led to the creation of a provisional executive government in Beijing in November 1924, where an informal triumvirate formed by Fengtian s Zhang Zuolin , the Guominjun s Feng Yuxiang , and the Anhui clique s Duan Qirui had ruled. Duan s position as head of state was merely as a figurehead, however, as his clique had been almost destroyed. His small army of bodyguards operated solely within the capital he now figuratively ruled. Zhang was the strongest of the three leaders and controlled the wealthy northeastern provinces. Feng s smaller army controlled the poorer northwest. As such, the power sharing arrangement between the two was destined to fail Zhang was a monarchist backed by Japan, whereas Feng dabbled with radical politics, Christianity and revolutionary idealism all with Soviet support. Duan, lacking a power base of his own ... 1925, Guo Songling , a division commander of the Fengtian clique, defected to Feng s Guominjun clique. From November 22 he began to lay siege to Mukden , the capital city of his former Fengtian master ... against Zhang s armies, he was openly unhappy about his enforced alliance with the Fengtian clique ... es Guerra Anti Fengtian ru zh ... more details
Infobox settlement name Fengtian, Nanjing County other name native name translit lang1 Chinese character Chinese translit lang1 type Chinese character Chinese translit lang1 info translit lang1 type1 Pinyin translit lang1 info1 nickname settlement type Subdistrict motto image skyline imagesize image caption image flag flag size image seal seal size image shield shield size image blank emblem blank emblem type blank emblem size image map mapsize map caption pushpin map pushpin label position pushpin map caption Location in Fujian pushpin mapsize coordinates display inline,title coordinates region CN subdivision type Country subdivision name People s Republic of China China subdivision type1 Provinces of China Province subdivision name1 Fujian subdivision type2 Prefecture level city Prefecture subdivision name2 Zhangzhou subdivision type3 County People s Republic of China District subdivision name3 subdivision type4 subdivision name4 government footnotes government type leader title leader name established title established date area magnitude unit pref area footnotes area total km2 population as of population footnotes population note population total population density km2 population density sq mi timezone China Standard Time utc offset 8 latd latm lats latNS N longd longm longs longEW E elevation m elevation ft Fengtian, Nanjing County lang zh ? is a List of township level divisions of Fujian township level division situated in Zhangzhou , Fujian , China. ref cite web url http www.xzqh.org html fj title publisher xzqh.org language Simplified Chinese accessdate Currentdaymonthyear ref See also List of township level divisions of Fujian References reflist Category Township level divisions of Fujian Fujian geo stub coord missing Fujian ... more details
Infobox settlement name Fengtian Township, Qing& 39 an County other name native name translit lang1 Chinese character Chinese translit lang1 type Chinese character Chinese translit lang1 info translit lang1 type1 Pinyin translit lang1 info1 nickname settlement type Subdistrict motto image skyline imagesize image caption image flag flag size image seal seal size image shield shield size image blank emblem blank emblem type blank emblem size image map mapsize map caption pushpin map pushpin label position pushpin map caption Location in Fujian pushpin mapsize coordinates display inline,title coordinates region CN subdivision type Country subdivision name People s Republic of China China subdivision type1 Provinces of China Province subdivision name1 Heilongjiang subdivision type2 Prefecture level city Prefecture subdivision name2 Suihua subdivision type3 County People s Republic of China District subdivision name3 subdivision type4 subdivision name4 government footnotes government type leader title leader name established title established date area magnitude unit pref area footnotes area total km2 population as of population footnotes population note population total population density km2 population density sq mi timezone China Standard Time utc offset 8 latd latm lats latNS N longd longm longs longEW E elevation m elevation ft Fengtian Township, Qing& 39 an County lang zh ? is a List of township level divisions of Heilongjiang township level division situated in the Suihua Administrative divisions of the People s Republic of China province of Heilongjiang , China. ref cite web url http translate.google.co.uk translate?hl en&sl zh CN&u http translate.google.co.uk translate?hl en&sl zh CN&u http www.xzqh.org &ei p7qNT6DFDOOo0AWZ5rX3DA&sa X&oi translate&ct result&resnum 1&sqi 2&ved 0CCgQ7gEwAA&prev search 3Fq 3Dxzqh 26hl 3Den 26safe 3Doff 26rlz 3D1C1RNPN enGB429GB429 26biw 3D1366 26bih 3D645 26prmd 3Dimvns title publisher xzqh.org language Simplified Chinese accessdate ... more details
unreferenced date February 2012 Jinzhou Province was one of the provinces of Manchukuo . It was established 1939, when the old Fengtian Province was split into Andong Province Fengtian Province Jinzhou Province See also List of administrative divisions of Manchukuo coord missing China Category Provinces of Manchukuo china hist stub ... more details
Year in China 1924 Events in the year 1924 in China . Incumbents President Cao Kun until 30 October, Duan Qirui Premier Gao Lingwei until 12 January, Sun Baoqi until 2 July, Yan Huiqing until 31 October, Huang Fu Events June 16 Whampoa Military Academy is founded in China . September 15 November 3 Second Zhili Fengtian War conflict in the Republic of China s Warlord era between the Zhili and Fengtian clique Fengtian cliques for control of Beijing . ref cite book last Waldron first Arthur page 97 title From War to Nationalism China s Turning Point, 1924 1925 year 2003 publisher Cambridge University Press isbn 0 521 52332 X ref Births Empty section date September 2010 Deaths Empty section date September 2010 See also Warlord Era First Zhili Fengtian War Zhang Zuolin References Reflist China year nav DEFAULTSORT 1924 In China Category 1924 in China Category Years of the 20th century in China China hist stub ... more details
File ChinaTianjinDongli.png 150px thumb Location of Dongli District in Tianjin. Junliangcheng ref group n. Chinese language Chinese small traditional Chinese t linktext , small simplified Chinese s small linktext , small pinyin p small J nli ngch ng , small Wade Giles w small Chun liang Cheng , lit. Army Depot . ref is a town in the Dongli District of Tianjin in PRC China . The area of the current city was previously along the coast of the Bohai , before the 1043 Yellow River Flood shifted the river s course in such a way that the shoreline was moved forward around 23 kilometers over the next century and a half. Junliangcheng was included among the cities occupied by the Eight Nation Alliance under the Boxer Protocol and was subsequently an important base for the Fengtian clique during Republic of China China s Warlord era . As the headquarters for the Fengtian Army Fengtian or Northeastern Army , it saw action in the First Zhili&ndash Fengtian War First and Second Zhili&ndash Fengtian War s. See also Junliangcheng North Railway Station Notes references group n. References reflist Tianjin geo stub china hist stub Category Tianjin ... more details
Zhang Zuoxiang , 1881 1949 was an important member of the Fengtian clique Fengtien warlord clique . Zhang Zuoxiang was born in 1881, in Jinzhou , western Fengtian now Liaoning , China. A loyal follower of Zhang Zuolin he was the commander of the 27th Regiment, 27th Division, of the Fengtian Defence Force from 1911 to 1916 as Zhang Zuolin took control of Liaoning Fengtian . He rose up through the ranks of the new Fengtian Army as commander of a brigades 1916 1919 , acting command of 27th Division 1919,1920 , Fengtian garrison commander 1919 . From 1920 to 1922 he was staff officer Military Governor of Fengtian, Zhang Zuolin himself. He soon was given significant commands of the Eastern Route Army in 1922 and the 3rd Detachment, Zhenwei Army from 1922 to 1924. In April 1924 he was rewarded with the military governorship of Jilin province which he retained until December 1928. He also held the civil governorship of the province in the same time, except for the time between December 1924 and June 1927. Zhang rose higher in command as General of the 4th Army, Zhenwei Army from 1924 to 1925 and of the North eastern Provinces Railway Route Army from 1925 to 1926. By 1928 he became Deputy General Commander of the North eastern Border Defence Command and became the Chairman of the Jilin Provincial Government and oversaw the reorganization of the Jilin provincial Army. In 1931, following the Japanese invasion of Manchuria he was forced to retreat to Jinzhou , where he became General Commanding the remnant Fengtian forces of the North eastern Border Defence Command. After their defeat he became a Member of the Peking Branch, National Military Council in 1933. He was commander of the Chinese 6th Army Group 2nd Northern China Army Group during the Battle of Rehe . Following that defeat he resigned. In 1936 he was again appointed a Member of the National Military Council and Member of the Political Board, North eastern Field Headquarters but was soon removed due to his links to Zhang ... more details
Image GuoSongling.jpg thumb right 100px Guo Songling Guo Songling zh t s p Gu S ngl ng w Kuo Sung ling 1883 &ndash 24 December 1925 was a Manchuria n general who led a three month rebellion against his commanding warlord Zhang Zuolin . Rising from obscure origins, Guo Songling enlisted in Zhang Zuolin s Fengtian clique as a division commander in 1920. After nearly five years of service, Guo served with distinction as commander of the Fengtian 6th Brigade. However, his personality caused problems during the Second Zhili Fengtian War a personal grievance over a friend s removal from command caused him to retreat and nearly cost his army the war. A sense that he was being under appreciated, along with gradual encouragement by Guominjun rival Feng Yuxiang to help put Zhang s more liberal son on the Manchurian throne, led to his mutiny in mid 1925. Marching his division north towards Zhang s headquarters at Shenyang on 22 November, Guo met success in the early weeks of the offensive. However, when the city s Japanese garrison interfered in defence of Zhang and neither the expected popular support or assistance of the Guominjun appeared, his rebellion stalled. Within the month his forces were surrounded by the Fengtian Army and annihilated. Guo and his wife were captured on 24 December 1925, and executed the next day. References Trevor N. Dupuy Dupuy, Trevor N. The Harper Encyclopedia of Military Biography , New York, 1992 Warlord era Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Guo, Songling ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1883 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 24 December 1925 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Guo, Songling Category 1925 deaths Category Republic of China warlords from Liaoning Category 1883 births Category People from Shenyang hi ja zh ru ... more details
Luanzhou small traditional characters t small linktext , small simplified characters s small linktext , small pinyin p small Lu nzh u , small postal map romanization PM small Lanchou is a town in Luan County , Hebei Province , China . It was connected to the China Railway Company s network in 1892 and was involved in the First Zhili&ndash Fengtian War during Republic of China China s Warlord era . china hist stub Tangshan geo stub Category Populated places in Hebei Category Tangshan ... more details
The Viceroy of Three Northeast Provinces zh t s , fully referred to as the Governor General of Three Northeast Provinces and surrounding areas Overseeing Military Generals of the Three Provinces Director of Civil Affairs of Fengtian , was the one of nine regional Viceroy China viceroy s of the Qing Dynasty in China . The Viceroy had jurisdiction over the three provinces Fengtian or Liaoning , Jilin and Heilongjiang in the Northeast China also known as Manchuria . This post was established in the early 20th century, and was the only Qing Dynasty viceroy that had jurisdiction outside China proper . Viceroys in the Qing Dynasty DEFAULTSORT Viceroy Of Three Northeast Provinces Category Qing Dynasty Category History of Liaoning Category History of Jilin Category History of Heilongjiang Category History of Manchuria Gov stub ja zh ... more details
Distinguish Kuomintang National Revolutionary Army Unreferenced date October 2009 The Guominjun Zh t s p Gu m nj n w Kuominchun , a.k.a. Nationalist Army , KMC , or Northwest Army , refers to the military faction founded by Feng Yuxiang , Hu Jingyi and Sun Yue warlord Sun Yue during China s Warlord era Warlord Era . It was formed when Feng betrayed the Zhili clique during the Second Zhili Fengtian War with the Fengtian clique in 1924. The Guominjun Beijing coup occupied Beijing , captured Zhili leader Cao Kun and expelled former Qing Dynasty emperor Puyi from the Forbidden City . The Guominjun was very sympathetic to Sun Yat sen s Kuomintang regime in Guangzhou , but due to geographic isolation they were independent of one another. The Guominjun was unusual for being an ideological army with its troops indoctrinated in Christianity Christian , socialism socialist , and nationalism nationalist teachings. It also cared for its troops with Welfare financial aid welfare and education programs which was very rare at the time. This created a very determined, cohesive fighting force with high morale. One of its weaknesses was its small size and large territorial coverage, which meant that its troops were spread thinly. The Guominjun s main foreign backer was the Soviet Union . Previously, the Soviets had vied against the Japanese Empire for influence on the Fengtian clique. The Soviets were keen on latching support on Feng as he was seen as more ideologically acceptable. In late 1925, Fengtian general Guo Songling defected to the KMC this sparked the Anti Fengtian War against Zhang Zuolin . The Guominjun was on the losing side until the KMT launched its Northern Expedition 1926 1927 Northern Expedition . It merged with the Kuomintang s National Revolutionary Army to defeat the Fengtian forces. In 1929, Feng grew increasingly dissatisfied with Chiang Kai shek s regime the Guominjun launched a full rebellion, the Central Plains War , in 1930. However, Feng was de ... more details
clique went to war with Zhang Zuolin s Fengtian clique in the Second Zhili Fengtian War . With Wu at the helm of Zhili s armies, it was expected to be victorious. If the Fengtian clique was destroyed ... Zhang Zongchang of Shandong threw his support behind the Fengtian clique, putting them into a favourable ... the Fengtian clique and Feng Yuxiang, whose forces were renamed as the Guominjun Nationalist Army ... to blows when the Fengtian general Guo Songling defected to the Guominjun on November 22, and started the Anti Fengtian War . Six days after this, Li Dazhao led a so called First United Front movement ... clique would surely have finished off the Kuomintang after defeating the Fengtian clique. Feng ... more details
, who was displeased Fengtian clique leader Zhang Zuolin made Zhang Zongchang commander in Shandong and transferred Zheng to the position of governor of Anhui, declared the province neutral. Fengtian ... Zhili Fengtian War in 1924, as the Fengtian clique General Zhang Zongchang moved down the Tianjin ... as head of state of China, at the beginning of December Duan permitted Fengtian forces to occupy Jiangsu while guaranteeing Zheng s position at Shandong. Zheng then permitted Fengtian troops to pass, and on December 10 he abandoned his neutrality, joining the Fengtian forces. ref cite book url ... more details
3rd Division, Beiyang Army unit battles Zhili Anhui War br First Zhili Fengtian War br Second Zhili Fengtian War br Northern Expedition 1926 1927 ChineseText Chinese name Wu surname Wu Wu Peifu or Wu ... included Duan Qirui s Anhui clique , Zhang Zuolin s Fengtian clique , and Feng Guozhang s Zhili ... s powerful Fengtian clique. Zhili Anhui War File Ma Fu hsiang and Wu Pei fu.jpg right 180px thumb ..., the Zhili and Fengtian cliques agreed to a power sharing coalition government. However, Zhang Zuolin, leader of the Fengtian clique, became increasingly uneasy with Wu Peifu s vehement anti Japanese ..., replacing each others choices with their own. Soon the coalition between Zhili and Fengtian broke down and hostilities were inevitable. First Zhili Fengtian War In this war, Wu Peifu was again placed ... suffered several setbacks against the well equipped Fengtian army. Yet once again, Wu Peifu s leadership ... that forced the western front of the Fengtian army back towards Beijing, then he lured it into a trap by feigning retreat. The result was the annihilation of the western wing of the Fengtian army ... independent under Zhang Zuolin and the still formidable Fengtian clique, while the south was divided ... was secure for the time being, a crisis in the south soon precipitated another showdown with the Fengtian ... prepared to face off again with Zhang s Fengtian army. Second Zhili Fengtian War Now called the Jade ... of thousands of men fought in this major battle between Zhang s Fengtian army and Wu s Zhili forces ... in his rear, and he was defeated by Zhang s forces near Tianjin . After the victory of the Fengtian ... more details
threatened Manchuria s Fengtian clique allied with the Zhili clique, and began courting those ... British and American backing, the Zhili and Fengtian cliques had President Xu Shichang dismiss General ... Various Zhili and Fengtian generals, such as Cao Kun , Zhang Zuolin , Wang Zhanyuan , Li Shun ... on the western front was annihilated. On the same day, the Fengtian army attacked the Anhui eastern ... of the Fengtian and Zhili cliques. On July 19, 1920, Duan Qirui realized the fight was over and resigned from his post. On July 23, the combined Fengtian and Zhili cliques entered Southern Garden Nanyuan ... the Zhili clique s victory, while the Fengtian clique provided token support and were allowed to form a joint government, an arrangement which would last until the First Zhili Fengtian War in 1922 ... more details
File Tang Yulin.jpg thumb Tang Yu Lin 200px Tang Yulin traditional Chinese lang zh tw simplified Chinese lang zh Pinyin T ng Y l n Wade Giles T ang Y lin 1877 1937 was a Chinese warlord in the Fengtien clique and Chairman of the government of Rehe province Rehe Jehol . Biography Tang Yulin was born in 1871 in Fuxin , Liaoning . In 1902 he joined the Fengtian First Road Defense Sentry patrol battalion as an officer. In 1912 he was given command of the 27th Regiment, 27th Cavalry Division and the following year was promoted to command the 52nd Brigade. In 1917 he participated in Zhang Xun Republic of China Zhang Xun s History of the Republic of China World War I and Manchu Restoration Manchu restoration , after Duan Qirui defeated Zhang he fled to Fuxin to live in seclusion. In 1919, Tang returned to be appointed as a Fengtian inspection official for the three Northeastern provinces. In May 1921, Tang was appointed the Fengtian army 11th Brigade Commander. During the Second Zhili Fengtian War in 1924 he commanded the Fengtian 11th Infantry Division. In 1926 was appointed to command Fengtian s 12th Army and to the chairmanship of the government of Rehe which he was to hold from April 5, 1926 to July 1932. After the Chinese reunification 1928 Chinese reunification at the end of the Northern Expedition 1926 1927 Northern Expedition , Tang was confirmed in his control of Rehe by the Kuomintang and made governor and commander of the 36th Division. Tang Yulin s many exactions, and taxes gave him a great deal of revenue that he used to purchase luxury residences in the Italian concession in Tianjin . He also engaged in the opium trade, having an opium factory at his residence in Chengde and sold Manchu antiques in the Treaty ports. In late February 1933 Japanese attacked Jehol in the Battle of Rehe in Operation Nekka . With insufficient troops and those he had poorly equipped and led, his defenses soon fell, despite the mountainous terrain and snow storms hindering ... more details
The Shanxi clique Chinese language Chinese was one of several military factions that split off from the Beiyang Army during China s warlord era . Though a close associate of Duan Qirui , Shanxi s military governor, Yan Xishan , did not join Duan s Anhui clique . He kept his province neutral from the various civil wars the nation was facing. He would fight troops from other cliques if they encroached the provincial boundaries. In 1927, faced with the overwhelming forces of the National Revolutionary Army , the Fengtian clique issued an ultimatum to Yan to join their side. Yan joined the NRA instead and drove Fengtian armies from Beijing . As a reward, the Kuomintang allowed the Shanxi clique to expand all the way to the sea at Hebei , Shandong ref cite book title Modern China an encyclopedia of history, culture, and nationalism author Ke wen Wang year 1998 publisher Taylor & Francis pages 399 isbn 9780815307204 ref . Displeased with the dictatorship of Chiang Kaishek , the Shanxi clique together with several other cliques launched the Central Plains War but was defeated. The clique was significantly weakened by the Second Sino Japanese War Japanese invasion which occupied most of their base province. After the war, Yan was unable to defend his province which fell to the Communists in 1949. See also Warlord era Warlord Era List of warlords and military cliques in the Warlord Era List of Warlords History of the Republic of China References Reflist Warlord era DEFAULTSORT Shanxi Clique Category Warlord cliques in Republican China ja zh ... more details
Image BeilingTripleDecker.jpg thumb Beiling Park. Beiling Park zh s t p B il ng G ngyu n is a park in the northern part of Shenyang City, China . The park has an area of 3,300,000m , and contains many historic buildings, pine trees and lakes. In 1927, Government of the Fengtian Province later renamed Liaoning Province established the park, which includes Zhaoling , the tomb of the second Qing Dynasty Qing emperor, Huang Taji , and surrounding area. The construction of the tomb took place between 1643 and 1651. West of the tomb are flower garden s and east are several lakes. There is also a Children s Garden within the park. External links http 218.25.39.149 74599682101215232 20021218 1041995.shtml History and Background about Beiling park coord missing Liaoning Category Buildings and structures in Shenyang Category Parks in China Category Visitor attractions in Liaoning ... more details
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