Infobox book name Fertilisation of Orchids title orig translator image Image Fertilisation of Orchids ... page of the 1877 edition br of Fertilisation of Orchids author Charles Darwin illustrator cover artist ... 1250711 preceded by followed by Fertilisation of Orchids is a book by Charles Darwin published on 15 ... url http darwin online.org.uk EditorialIntroductions Freeman FertilisationofOrchids.html title Fertilisation ... benefits achieved by Allogamy cross fertilisation . Although the general public showed less interest ... published his theory . ref harvnb van Wyhe 2008 pp 14 16, 31, 44 45 ref Insect fertilisation of plants Darwin s speculations on the origin of species convinced him that Allogamy cross fertilisation ... lead to changes, often deleterious. He thought that natural Heterosis outbreeding through cross fertilisation would keep wild species homogenous yet vigorous. Cross fertilisation would confer an Fitness ... and Fertilisation of Flowers Discovered ref harvnb Vogel 1996 p 44 ref . ref name bio The little ... gave new meaning to Sprengel s research into the mechanisms for cross fertilisation. He welcomed its support for his supposition that cross fertilisation in flowering plants tended to allow their offspring to avoid possible disadvantages resulting from self fertilisation, ref name v44 harvnb Vogel .... His letter described the mechanisms for insect fertilisation he had discovered in common British ..., he dissected with the greatest interest and wrote, The contrivances for insect fertilisation ... Image Fertilisation of Orchids figure 4c.jpg thumb right alt Moth head with long proboscis protruding ... findings on insect fertilisation of orchids as beautiful facts . ref name Letter3176 citation url http ... every British Orchid fresh, & when at sea side shall draw up rather long paper on the means of their fertilisation ... orchids Image Fertilisation of Orchids figure 1R.jpg thumb upright 1.8 right alt photograph of a spire ... pass under the male organ and leave pollen on the Gynoecium female organ , achieving cross fertilisation ... more details
Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act can refer to the following acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 Human Fertilisation and Embryology Deceased Fathers Act 2003 Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008 , which updated and revised the 1990 Act disambig Category Lists of legislation by short title ... more details
update consequences of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008 date December 2009 HFEA redirects here. For the 1990 Act of Parliament , see Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority HFEA is a statutory body in the United Kingdom that regulates and inspects all UK clinics providing In vitro fertilisation in vitro fertilisation , artificial insemination and the storage of human egg biology eggs , Spermatozoon sperm or embryo s. It also regulates ... of a white paper Human Fertilisation and Embryology A Framework for Legislation in 1987. The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 ref http www.opsi.gov.uk acts acts1990 Ukpga 19900037 en 1.htm Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 c. 37 Bot generated title ref was drafted from this. HFE ACT Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 main Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 The 1990 Act provided for the establishment of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority ... gametes egg and sperm . Cloning main Human Reproductive Cloning Act 2001 In 2001, the Human Fertilisation ... Fertilisation and Embryology Authority Disclosure of Donor Information Regulations 2004 1511, enabled ... to comply with its provisions from 7 April 2006. Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008 main Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008 In 2005, the House of Commons Science and Technology ... this published a White Paper, Review of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act, within which Government ... in the 21st Century. It is divided into three parts amendments to the Human Fertilisation and Embryology ... legislation include license and monitor clinics carrying out in vitro fertilisation IVF and donor insemination ... Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority HFEA website http www.hfea.gov.uk fertility.html ... on its donation policies tell them what you think DEFAULTSORT Human Fertilisation And Embryology ... in the United Kingdom Category Organizations established in 1991 de Human Fertilisation and Embryology ... more details
The Effects of Cross and Self Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom is a book on evolution in plants by Charles Darwin , first published in 1876. In this book Darwin examines the effects of heterosis cross and self pollination self fertilisation of plants and provides experimental evidence for a hypothesis stated in his famed book of 1859, Origin of Species , that ... in none i.e. plant ... can self fertilisation go on for perpetuity Origin , p. 101 . He reports on experiments conducted on over 60 different species of plants, where he used controlled pollinations in order to produce self fertilised and cross fertilised descendants. Through growth experiments of this progeny, he concluded that self fertilised progeny performed poorer in most species and for most traits measured. Thus he showed that inbreeding may have severe detrimental effects on progeny. While this idea was accepted by many, e.g. plant and animal breeders, Darwin s book provided overwhelming experimental support for this idea. This book has remained the starting point for the study of inbreeding and is cited in scientific papers to this effect to this day. References http charles darwin.classic literature.co.uk the effects of cross and self fertilisation e book at Classic Literature Library DEFAULTSORT Effects of Cross and Self Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom, The Category 1876 books Category Books by Charles Darwin Category 1870s in science Category 1876 in science ... more details
Infobox UK legislation short title The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008 ref The citation of this Act by this short title is authorised by http www.legislation.gov.uk ukpga 2008 22 section 69 section 69 of this Act. ref parliament Parliament of the United Kingdom long title An Act to amend the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 and the Surrogacy Arrangements Act 1985 to make provision about the persons who in certain circumstances are to be treated in law as the parents of a child and for connected purposes. statute book chapter 2008 c 22 introduced by territorial extent United Kingdom royal assent 13 November 2008 commencement repeal date amendments related legislation repealing legislation status original text http www.legislation.gov.uk ukpga 2008 22 contents enacted legislation history http services.parliament.uk bills 2007 08 humanfertilisationandembryology.html revised text http www.legislation.gov.uk ukpga 2008 22 contents The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008 c 22 is an Act of Parliament Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom . The Act constitutes a major review and update of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 . According to the Department of Health United Kingdom Department of Health the Act s key provisions are ref cite web url http www.dh.gov.uk en Publicationsandstatistics Legislation Actsandbills DH 080211 title Human Fertilisation ... hfe Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act at the Wellcome Trust cite journal doi 10.1007 s10691 009 9129 2 first Marie last Fox title The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008 ... first Steven last Kettell title Did Secularism Win Out? The Debate Over the Human Fertilisation ... Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008 , as amended from the The National Archives United Kingdom National Archives . http www.legislation.gov.uk ukpga 2008 22 contents enacted The Human Fertilisation ... Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008. UK legislation Category United Kingdom Acts of Parliament ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 The Wilhelm Tietjen Stiftung f r Fertilisation Ltd. is a controversial fertility research group. Its critics have described it as a far right extremist organization with links to Neo Nazism and Nazi eugenics theories. Its proposed purchase of a hotel in the German town of Delmenhorst is the subject of great controversy, and campaigns by local people to keep it out of the town have made the national news in Germany and abroad. External links Der Spiegel story http service.spiegel.de cache international 0,1518,430912,00.html Fears of Racist Research The Race against Neo Nazis in English BBC News story http news.bbc.co.uk 1 hi world europe 4779923.stm German town fights neo Nazi bid Mail and Guardian Online story http www.mg.co.za articlePage.aspx?articleid 281054&area insight insight international German town battles neo Nazi real estate deal http www.fuer delmenhorst.de Delemenhost sagt NEIN Delmenhorst says NO Website campaigning against the Wilhelm Tietjen Stiftung s purchase of property in Delmenhorst in German Campaign website http www.keine nazischule in delmenhorst.de Keine Nazischule in Delmenhorst No Nazi School in Delmenhorst in German DEFAULTSORT Wilhelm Tietjen Stiftung Fur Fertilisation Category Organisations based in Germany Category Medical research poli org stub de Wilhelm Tietjen Stiftung f r Fertilisation ... more details
refimprove date July 2011 Update date May 2008 The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom . It created the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority which is in charge of human embryo research, along with monitoring and licensing fertility clinics ... under the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act of 1990 are prohibitions in connection with gametes ... http www.legislation.gov.uk ukpga 1990 37 crossheading principal terms used ref Human Fertilisation ... ex vivo human embryo creation and the research involving them. This act established the Human Fertilisation ... to the Human Fertilisation Embryology Authority. br big Policy under Review big ref http www.hfea.gov.uk ... recent and potential developments in medicine and science related to human fertilisation and embryology ... regarding human in vitro fertilisation until a permanent government legislation was passed. It remained ... fertilisation and embryology was created. A white paper was published in regards to the recommendations of the Warnock Report. ref http www.hfea.gov.uk 1319.html ref In 1990 the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 was passed. Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority , HFEA, officially ... embryos . The creation of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority , or HFEA, which regulates ... fertilisation is complete, complete is defined as the appearance of a two cell zygote. Storage of Human ... amount of time in very specific conditions that are regulated by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology ... that must be considered necessary and desirable by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority ... been receiving treatment together at a licensed clinic. In 2001 the Human Fertilisation and Embryology .... The next year the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Bill , HFE, was passed. This was a major ... Reproductive Cloning Act 2001 Human Fertilisation and Embryology Deceased Fathers Act 2003 Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008 References references External links UK LEG title Human Fertilisation ... more details
The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Deceased Fathers Act 2003 c. 24 is an Act of Parliament Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom to make provision about the circumstances in which, and the extent to which, a man is to be treated in law as the father of a child where the child has resulted from certain fertility treatment undertaken after the man s death. It received Royal Assent on 18 September 2003. The act amended the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 to allow, among other things, a man to be listed in birth certificates as the father of a child even if the child was conceived after the death of the man. It is thought to affect around five to ten families a year. ref cite news url http news.bbc.co.uk 2 hi uk news england nottinghamshire 3252436.stm title Diane Blood registers sons date 1 December 2003 newspaper BBC News Online ref References reflist External links UK LEG path ukpga 2003 24 title Human Fertilisation and Embryology Deceased Fathers Act 2003 Category United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 2003 Category Family law in the United Kingdom ... more details
Antinori is an Italian surname . It may also refer to Severino Antinori , Italian gynecologist and embryologist with controversial positions over in vitro fertilisation and human cloning , Marchesi Antinori Srl , an Italian wine company. disambig ... more details
Bindin may refer to A protein involved in the process of sea urchin fertilisation, which is a form of species specific recognition of the sperm by the egg. Garcinia indica , a plant in the Mangosteen Family Clusiaceae disambig ... more details
wiktionary IVF IVF or in vitro fertilization is an assisted reproductive technology that involves fertilisation of an egg outside of the human body. IVF may also refer to Integrated Vehicle Fluids Inter Varsity Fellowship or Universities and Colleges Christian Fellowship .ivf, the file extension for Indeo video files disambig de IVF pl IVF sv IVF ... more details
Success rate is the fraction or percentage of success among a number of attempts, and may refer to Opportunity success rate When success refers to attempts to induce pregnancy, then pregnancy rate is used Artificial insemination Success rates Artificial insemination success rates In vitro fertilisation Success rates IVF Success rates disambig ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Laurer s canal is a part of the reproductive system of trematode s, analogous to the vagina . In the Digenea ns it opens from the Dorsum biology dorsal surface of the worm , and in the Aspidogastrea ns ends in a blind ended sac. Laurer s canal may be used by the Trematoda flukes during copulation , but more normally sperm enters the female system via the common genital atrium, into which the uterus opens , either during copulation, or fertilisation self fertilisation . References reflist Category Platyhelminth anatomy Flatworm stub Developmental biology stub animal anatomy stub ... more details
through a microscope and is known as elevation of the fertilisation envelope . Some of the former granule contents adhere to the fertilisation envelope, and it is extensively modified and cross linked. As the fertilisation envelope elevates, non fertilizing sperm are lifted away from the egg plasma membrane, and as they are not able to pass through the fertilisation envelope, they are prevented from entering the egg. Therefore, the cortical reaction prevents polyspermy polyspermic fertilisation ... the slow block to multiple fertilisation at an animal egg cell See also Acrosome reaction The analogous ... granules regulated proteolysis by cortical granule serine protease 1 at fertilisation. Mol Biol Cell ... more details
The mixed mating model is a mathematical model that describes the mating system of a plant population in terms of the degree of self fertilisation present. It is a fairly simplistic model, employing several simplifying assumptions, most notably the assumption that every fertilisation event may be classed as either self fertilisation, or outcrossing with a completely random mate. Thus the only model parameter to be parameter estimation estimated is the probability of self fertilisation. ref name Brown 1989 cite book author Brown, A. H. D. et al. year 1989 chapter Isozyme analysis of plant mating systems editor Soltis, D. E. Soltis, P. S. eds title Isozymes in Plant Biology pages 73 86 publisher Dioscorides Press location Portland ref The mixed mating model originated in the 1910s, with plant breeding plant breeders who were seeking evidence of outcrossing contamination of self pollinating crop s, but a formal description of the model and its parameter estimation was not published until 1951. The model is still in common use today, though a number of more complex models are also now in use. For example, a weakness of the model lies in its assumption that inbreeding occurs only as a result of self fertilisation in reality, inbreeding may also occur through outcrossing between closely related individuals. The effective selfing model relaxes this assumption by seeking also to estimate the degree of shared ancestry of outcrossing mates. ref name Brown 1989 References reflist Category Plant sexuality Category Mating systems Category Mathematical modeling botany stub ... more details
United States other names M.C. Chang, known for His work in in vitro fertilisation in vitro fertilisation ... reproductive biologist . His specific area of study was the fertilisation process in mammalian ... to many areas in the field of fertilisation, including his work on in vitro fertilisation in vitro fertilisation which led to the first test tube baby , he was best known to the world for his contribution ... fertilisation . It was apparent that they worked very well together and Chang would eventually spend the rest of his career at the foundation, researching mammalian fertilisation. Funds became ... s, and the fertilisation process itself. The ability to control the fertility of eggs was a necessity ... to better conduct his research in fertilisation. Indeed, throughout the span of his 45 year career ... been previously proven. ref name NatAcad Chang s body of work in mammalian fertilisation is vast and appears ... on the relationship between the number of available sperm and the effective fertilisation of Ovum ova by the sperm. It was believed that the fertilisation of the egg was dependent on there being a very large number of available sperm in the fertilisation process. Chang found that it was actually the physiological structure of the individual sperm that affected the actual fertilisation of the egg ... a large number of sperm in the fertilisation process was to allow for greater genetic recombination , in that only the strongest sperm would reach the site of fertilisation through the female ..., Chang s work in in vitro fertilisation in vitro fertilisation was arguably his greatest achievement ... of in vitro fertilisation of rabbit eggs. As nobody, including Chang, could repeat this feat at the time ... of in vitro fertilisation for which many scientists had been searching. In the years that followed ... in vitro fertilisation as well as to perform the technique on other mammals such as hamsters, mice, and rats. It was on the basis of Chang s findings that the first in vitro fertilisation of human ... more details
The Human Reproductive Cloning Act 2001 c. 23 is an Act of Parliament Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom to prohibit the placing in a woman of a human embryo which has been created otherwise than by fertilisation . The act received Royal Assent on 4 December 2001. On 14 January 2001 the Government of the United Kingdom British government passed The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Research Purposes Regulations 2001 ref UK SI year 2001 number 188 title Human Fertilisation and Embryology Research Purposes Regulations ref to amend the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 by extending allowable reasons for embryo research to permit research around stem cells and cell nuclear replacement, thus allowing Somatic cell nuclear transfer therapeutic cloning . However, on 15 November 2001, a Pro life movement pro life group won a High Court of Justice High Court legal challenge, which struck down the regulation and effectively left all forms of cloning unregulated in the UK. Their hope was that Parliament would fill this gap by passing prohibitive legislation. ref cite title Medical Law and Ethics author SD Pattinson year 2006 publisher Sweet & Maxwell isbn 9780421889507 ref ref cite news url http news.bbc.co.uk 1 hi sci tech 1657707.stm title Campaigners win cloning challenge newspaper BBC News Online date 15 November 2001 ref Parliament was quick to pass the Human Reproductive Cloning Act 2001 in order to explicitly prohibit reproductive cloning. The remaining gap with regard to therapeutic cloning was closed when the appeals courts reversed the previous decision of the High Court. ref cite news url http news.bbc.co.uk 2 hi health 2846265.stm title Lords uphold cloning law newspaper BBC News Online date 13 March 2003 ref The act was repealed and replaced by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008 . References reflist External links UK LEG path ukpga 2001 23 title Human Reproductive Cloning Act 2001 Category United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 2001 Cate ... more details
Other persons Hermann M ller Hermann M ller disambiguation File Hermann M ller 01.jpg thumb Prof. Dr. Hermann M ller Lippstadt Heinrich Ludwig Hermann M ller 1829 1883 was a German Botany botanist who provided important evidence for Charles Darwin Darwin s evolution theory of evolution . M ller was an early investigator of coevolution . ref name coev sup p27 sup He was the author in 1873 of Die Befruchtung der Blumen durch Insekten , a book translated at the suggestion of Darwin in 1883 as The fertilisation of flowers . ref M ller H. 1883. The fertilisation of flowers . Macmillan, London. Translated by D Arcy Wentworth Thompson . ref He and Darwin corresponded 36 letters between the two, or from Darwin concerning M ller, are recorded. ref cite book last Brummitt first R.K. coauthors C.E. Powell title Authors of Plant Names publisher Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew year 1992 isbn 1 84246 085 4 ref Darwin cited him extensively in The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex The Descent of Man for his information relating to the behavior of bee s. Hermann was the brother of Fritz M ller , ref name coev Thompson J.N. 1994. The coevolutionary process . University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0 226 79760 0 ref sup p29 sup the German doctor who lived in the Amazon Basin Amazon and researched its natural history . The work of both brothers was well known to Darwin. ref name coev Botanist H.M ll. Muller, Hermann References Reflist External links http darwin online.org.uk content frameset?itemID F1432&viewtype text&pageseq 1 Darwin s preface to the English translation of The fertilisation of flowers Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Muller, Hermann ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1829 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 1883 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Muller, Hermann Category Botanists with author abbreviations Category 1829 births Category 1883 deaths Category German botanists de Hermann M ller Lippstadt es Heinrich Ludwig Hermann M ller fr Heinrich ... more details
Warnock is a surname, and may refer to Bob Warnock , a sailor on the deck of the submarine, USS Cachalot , when the attack on Pearl Harbor began Bryan Warnock , originator of Warnock s Dilemma Diana Warnock born 1940 , Australian radio broadcaster and politician Geoffrey Warnock died 1995 , British philosopher and former Vice Chancellor of Oxford University Jimmy Warnock floruit fl. 1930s , Belfast boxer who fought and beat Benny Lynch when World Champion in 1936 and again in 1937 John Warnock born 1940 , American co founder of Adobe Systems software company Mary Warnock, Baroness Warnock born 1924 , a British philosopher and chair of the Committee of Inquiry into Human Fertilisation and Embryology , which produced the Warnock Report 1978 Special Educational Needs and the Warnock Report 1984 Human Fertilisation and Embryology . Neil Warnock born 1948 , is a football coach sports manager , currently of Leeds United F.C. Leeds United Football Club. Robert Warnock born 1987 , Australian rules football er. Stephen Warnock born 1981 , English football soccer footballer , currently playing for Aston Villa . Warnock may also refer to Warnock s Dilemma , interpretations of a lack of response to online postings Warnock typeface Disambig Surname de Warnock nl Warnock ... more details
The Surrogacy Arrangements Act 1985 c. 49 is an Act of Parliament Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that prohibits commercial surrogacy arrangements. It received Royal Assent on 16 July 1985. The Act came about as a response to the birth, on 4 January 1985, of Britain s first commercial surrogate baby amid a widespread public outcry. ref cite journal doi 10.2307 3562435 author Brahams D title The hasty British ban on commercial surrogacy jstor 3562435 journal Hastings Cent Rep volume 17 issue 1 pages 16 9 year 1987 month February pmid 3557939 ref The Act was amended by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 so that surrogate mothers can always keep the baby if they change their mind ref cite news url http news.bbc.co.uk 2 hi uk news 193076.stm title Thirteen years of controversy date 14 October 1998 newspaper BBC News Online ref and the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008 . References reflist External links UK LEG title Surrogacy Arrangements Act 1985 path ukpga 1985 49 type ukpga Category United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1985 Category Family law in the United Kingdom ... more details
wiktionary conception Conception , or a concept , is an abstract idea or a mental symbol. Conception may also refer to Conception, or fertilisation , the fusion of gametes to produce a new organism. Conception album Conception album , an album by Miles Davis Conception George Shearing song Conception George Shearing song Conception band , a Norwegian band Conception film , a 2012 movie. Conception, Missouri , United States Conception Ore no Kodomo wo Undekure , a Japanese Role playing game RPG for the PlayStation Portable PSP . See also Concept disambiguation Concepci n disambiguation Conception Island disambiguation Conception Abbey Conception Bay Conception Convent Conception device Conception Harbour Conception Junction Immaculate Conception Point Conception disambig cs Koncepce fr Conception it Conception pl Conception pt Concep o simple Conception ... more details
Sammy Lee may refer to Sammy Lee scientist born 1958 , expert in vitro fertilisation Sammy Lee diver born 1920 , Korean American diver and two time Olympic Games champion Sammy Lee footballer born 1959 , former Liverpool footballer and former Bolton Wanderers manager Satoru Sayama born 1957 , Japanese wrestler with the stage name Sammy Lee Sammy Lee choreographer , Oscar nominated choreogapher of Ali Baba Goes to Town See also Sam Lee disambiguation Samuel Lee disambiguation hndis Lee, Sammy de Samuel Lee ... more details
Image Fertilisation of Orchids figure 1X.jpg thumb upright 1.8 right alt photograph of a spire of purple flowers, and drawing showing the working parts of the flower Cutaway drawing of Orchis mascula showing the rostellum projecting forward from the column botany column to form cups which keep the viscidium adhesive balls sticky. The rostellum is a projecting part of the column botany column in Orchidaceae flowers, and separates the male stamen from the female gynoecium , commonly preventing self fertilisation. ref name ao Cite web url http www.vumba nature.com about orchids.htm title About Orchids author Petra Ballings date 2006 publisher Vumba nature accessdate 2009 08 12 ref In many orchids, such as Orchis mascula , the Pollinium pollinia or pollen masses, are connected by Stipe botany stipes down to viscidium adhesive discs attached to the rostellum which forms cups keeping the discs or balls sticky. ref name orchids9 harvnb Darwin 1862 pp http darwin online.org.uk content frameset?viewtype text&itemID F800&pageseq 20 9 19 ref File Fertilisation of Orchids figure 28.jpg thumb left upright .7 alt an elaborately convoluted flower, with a narrow spike projecting out, bent down then forward over the lower petal. In the Catasetum flower an extension of the rostellum forms a narrow feeler or antenna projecting forward over the labellum. In Catasetum flowers the rostellum projects forward at each side as an antenna , and the pollen masses are connected by a bent stalk or Pedicel botany pedicel to a sticky disc kept moist at the back of the flower. When an insect touches an antenna , this releases the bent pedicel which springs straight and fires the pollinium, sticky disc first, at the insect. Charles Darwin described in Fertilisation of Orchids how he touched the antenn of C. callosum whilst holding the flower at about a yard s distance from the window, and the pollinium hit the pane of glass, and adhered to the smooth vertical surface by its adhesive disc. ref name orchids211 ... more details
concentration and sperm ageing on fertilisation success in the Antarctic soft shelled clam Laternula ... accessdate ref It is gonochorism gonochoristic , individuals being either male or female, and fertilisation ... likely to improve fertilisation rates as sperm flows have been observed to cascade down the towers in calm water situations. Even in moving water, sperm concentrations are higher and fertilisation ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
