Unreferenced date October 2008 Fileverification is the process of using an algorithm for verifying the integrity or authentication authenticity of a computer file . This can be done by comparing two files bit by bit, but requires two copies of the same file, and may miss systematic corruptions which might occur to both files. A more popular approach is to also store checksum s hashes of files for later comparison. Integrity verificationFile integrity can be compromised, usually referred to as the file becoming Data corruption corrupted . A file can become corrupted by a variety of ways faulty storage media , errors in transmission, write errors during copying or moving, software bug s, and so on. hash function Hash based verification ensures that a file has not been corrupted by comparing the file s hash value to a previously calculated value. If these values match, the file is presumed to be unmodified. Due to the nature of hash functions, hash collision s may result in false positive s, but the likelihood of collisions is often negligible with random corruption. Authenticity verification It is often desirable to verify that a file hasn t been modified in transmission or storage by untrusted parties, for example, to include malicious code such as virus es or Backdoor computing backdoor s. To verify the authenticity, a classical hash function is not enough as they are not designed to be collision resistance collision resistant it is computationally trivial for an attacker to cause deliberate hash collisions, meaning that a malicious change in the file is not detected with by a hash ... to be intact. Alternatively, digital signature s can be employed to assure tamper resistance. File formats Simple fileverification md5sum sha1sum Products Bitser software Bitser http osiris.shmoo.com Osiris OSSEC CimTrak Verisys See also Checksum Comparison of fileverification software Data deduplication Category Files Verification compu storage stub ... more details
infobox file format name Simple fileverification icon logo screenshot caption extension .sfv mime text ... url Simple fileverification SFV is a file format for storing CRC32 checksum s of files to verify the integrity of files. SFV is used to verify that a file has not been data corruption corrupted , but does not otherwise verify its Information security Authenticity authenticity . The tt .sfv tt file ... , write errors during copying or moving, and software bug s. SFV verification ensures that a file has not been corrupted by comparing the file s cyclic redundancy check CRC Hash function hash value ... cryptographic hashes such as MD5 or SHA 1 . SFV uses a plain text file containing one line for each file and its checksum in the format FILENAME whitespaces CHECKSUM . Any line starting with a semicolon is considered to be a comment and is ignored for the purposes of fileverification. The delimiter ... SFV file is file one.zip c45ad668 file two.zip 7903b8e6 file three.zip e99a65fb See also Fileverification Comparison of fileverification software Cyclic redundancy check CRC External links http ... source SFV, MD5 and SHA 1 fileverification utility. compu storage stub Category Computer file formats Category Checksum algorithms de Simple FileVerification fr Sfv nl Simple fileverification pl Simple FileVerification ru SFV sv SFV Checksum ... files will have the same checksum, although the probability of a corrupted file having the same checksum ... resistant hash function even if the hash sum file is not tampered with, it is computationally trivial for an attacker to cause deliberate hash collisions, meaning that a malicious change in the file ... both SFV s CRC and md5sum s cryptographic hash to fail, requiring the entire file to be re fetched. The Parchive and rsync utilities are often preferred for verifying that a file has not been accidentally ... fsum SlavaSoft FSUM Fast File Integrity Checker http code.kliu.org hashcheck HashCheck Shell ... more details
The following tables compare fileverification software that typically use checksum s to confirm the integrity or authenticity of a file. General class wikitable sortable style font size smaller text align center width 100 style width 12em Software Developer First public release Latest stable date version Cost United States dollar USD Open source License Linux Mac OS X Windows Framework AccuHash Irnis Haliullin dunno 2.0.18 19.95 no proprietary no no yes ? BeaverSFV Karl Johan Sj gren 2008 09 14 1.2 free no freeware no no yes .NET Framework .NET http www.kvipu.com CDCheck CDCheck Mitja Perko 2003 ? 2008 04 10 3.1.14.0 various no proprietary no no yes ? cfv Matthew Mueller 2000 06 22 1.18.3 free yes GPL yes no yes Python programming language Python cksum various POSIX dunno various free yes various yes yes ? C programming language C DySFV Johan Sonesson 2007 1.4.0.0 free yes GPL no no yes .NET Framework .NET ExactFile Brandon Staggs 2009 1.0 free no freeware no no yes VCL eXpress CheckSum Calculator Irnis Haliullin 2002 1.0 free no freeware no no yes ? FastSum Kirill Zinov 2003 1.7.0.403 GUI 1.9.0.149 CLI various no freeware shareware no no yes ? http support.microsoft.com kb 841290 FCIV Microsoft dunno 2004 05 17 free no freeware no no yes ? http sourceforge.net projects fileverifier FileVerifier Tom Bramer 2006 2010 05 22 0.6.3.5830 free yes GPL no no yes ? FlashSFV Charles DeWeese 2007 2.6 free no freeware donationware no no yes ? FSUM SlavaSoft dunno 2.52 free no freeware no no yes ? Fsum Frontend Thierry Micholt 2007 1.5.5.1 free yes GPL ? ? yes ? HashCalc SlavaSoft dunno 2.02 free no freeware no no yes ? HashCheck Kai Liu 2008 2.1.11 free yes BSD licenses BSD no no yes ? hashsum.com Hardy Leung 2008 10 01 Online free no freeware no no yes Microsoft Silverlight Silverlight ... center width 100 style width 12em Software Compare multiple files Hash single file Hash several files ... style width 12em Software Compare multiple files Hash single file Hash several files Hash directories ... more details
selfref For Wikipedia s verification policy see Wikipedia Verifiability Wiktionarypar verification Verify or verification may refer to Verification and validation , in engineering or quality management systems, it is the act of reviewing, inspecting or testing, in order to establish and document that a product, service or system meets regulatory or technical standards. Verification spaceflight , in the space systems engineering area, covers the processes of qualification and acceptance Verification theory , philosophical theory relating the meaning of a statement to how it is verified Third party verification , use of an independent organization to verify the identity of a customer Authentication Computing Verification and validation software In applications CAPTCHA , device to verify that a user of a web site is human to prevent automated abuse Fileverification , checking the formal correctness or integrity of a file Speech verification , checking of the correct speaking of given sentences Verify command , List of DOS commands verify DOS command In software development Formal verification , mathematical proof of the correctness of algorithms Intelligent verification , automatically adapts the testbench to changes in RTL Runtime verification , during execution Software verification , An overview of techniques for verifying software In circuit development Functional verification of design of digital hardware Analog verification , applies to analog or mixed signal hardware Physical verification , design of a circuit In systems engineering Testing to confirm that the system, subsystem or component meets documented requirements or specifications levied on the design. disambig fr V rification he id Verifikasi disambiguasi nl Verificatie uk ... more details
Runtime verification is a computing system analysis and execution approach based on extracting information .... Other properties can be more conveniently captured as formal specifications. Runtime verification ... an executing system is considered runtime verification, including verifying against test oracles and reference ... from them and infused within the system by means of instrumentation. Runtime verification can be used for many purposes, such as security or safety policy monitoring, debugging, testing, verification ... verification avoids the complexity of traditional formal verification techniques, such as model checking ... of less coverage. Moreover, through its reflective capabilities runtime verification can .... History and Context The terminology runtime verification was formally introduced as the name of a 2001 workshop aimed at addressing problems at the boundary between formal verification and testing ... timers in hardware , whose precise roots are hard to identify. Currently, runtime verification ..., trace analysis, log file analysis, etc., all referring to instances of the same high level concept applied either to different areas or by scholars from different communities. Runtime verification is intimately ... area of runtime verification, one can distinguish several categories, such as specification less ... variations, by several runtime verification groups by the time of this writing April 2011 . To make ... runtime verification system, though support for parameters is obviously needed. In the following ... for clarity. HasNext File Hasnext.jpg right thumb 350px The HasNext Property The Java http download.oracle.com ... that defines a possible monitor for checking and enforcing this property with runtime verification ... temporal logic. File Hasnextform.jpg This formula says that any call to the tt next tt method must ... for each possible Iterator in a test program, although runtime verification systems need not implement ... tt hasNext tt is called before tt next tt , but returned tt false tt . UnsafeEnum File Unsafeenumcode.png ... more details
Portal Software Testing Software verification is a broader and more complex discipline of software engineering whose goal is to assure that software fully satisfies all the expected requirements. There are two fundamental approaches to verification Dynamic verification , also known as Test or Experimentation This is good for finding bugs Static verification , also known as Static code analysis Analysis This is useful for proving correctness of a program although it may result in false positives Dynamic verification Test, experimentation Dynamic verification is performed during the execution of software, and dynamically checks its behaviour it is commonly known as the Software testing Test phase. Verification is a Review Process. Depending on the scope of tests, we can categorize them in three families Test in the small a test that checks a single function or class Unit test Test in the large ... criteria for a software Functional test Non functional test performance, stress test Software verification is often confused with software validation. The difference between verification and validation verification and validation Software verification asks the question, Are we building the product .... The aim of software verification is to find the errors introduced by an activity, i.e. check if the product of the activity is as correct as it was at the beginning of the activity. Static verification Analysis Static verification is the process of checking that software meets requirements by doing a physical inspection of it. For example Code conventions verification Bad practices anti pattern detection Software metric s calculation Formal verificationVerification by Analysis The analysis verification method applies to verification by investigation, mathematical calculations, logical evaluation ... expected values to establish conformance with requirements. See also Verification and validation software ... Alan L. Breitler A Verification Procedure for Software Derived from Artificial Neural Networks , Journal ... more details
Transaction verification is the generic term to describe the Internet security Internet based security method of verifying that the actual content of a transaction has not been altered by the fraudulent techniques known as Man in the Middle MitM and Man in the Browser Man in the Browser MitB . This form of transaction protection is alternatively known as Transaction Integrity Verification TIV . Transaction Verification must utilise either Out of band technology the use of two separate channels or an independent signing device, e.g. a programmable card reader, capable of having transactional information re keyed into it in order to create a code cryptographically linked to the underlying transaction detail. Transaction Verification should not be confused with Transaction authentication , which is simply a method of authenticating the identity of a user at the transaction level transaction authentication does not include the verification of the integrity of the transaction content. One effective way to perform Transaction Verification in a mass usage environment is to replay the transaction details to the user by placing a real time, automated call to the user before the transaction is committed, or to send these details in SMS with a confirmation code. Category Computer network security computer security stub compu network stub ... more details
Intelligent Verification , also referred to as intelligent testbench automation , is a form of functional verification used to verify that an electronic hardware design conforms to specification before device fabrication. Intelligent verification uses information derived from the design and existing test description to automatically update the test description to target design functionality not verified, or covered by the existing tests. Intelligent verification software has this key property given the same test environment, the software will automatically change the tests to improve functional design coverage in response to changes in the design. Other properties of intelligent verification may include Providing direction as to why certain coverage points were not detected. Automatically tracking paths through design structure to coverage points, to create new tests. Ensuring that various aspects of the design are only verified once in the same test sets. Intelligent Verification uses existing logic simulation testbenches, and automatically targets and maximizes the following types of design ... random simulation methodologies emerged using hardware verification languages such as Vera ... Design Insight for Intelligent Verification Methodologies , Embedded , June 2008. ref and e verification language e , as well as SystemVerilog in 2002 , to further improve verification quality and time. Intelligent verification approaches supplement constrained random simulation methodologies .... ref Intelligent verification is intended to automatically utilize design knowledge during simulation ... verification area, and commercial tools that leverage this technique are just beginning to emerge. See also Formal verification Vendors offering Intelligent Verification Mentor Graphics Synopsys acquisition ... verification EETimes , May 2008. http www.scdsource.com article.php?id 198 Lifting the Fog on Intelligent Verification SCDSource , May 2008. Category Electronic circuit verification ... more details
Verification in the field of space systems space systems engineering covers two Verification and validation verification processes Qualification and Acceptance Overview In the field of spaceflight verification standards are developed NASA and the European Cooperation for Space Standardization ECSS , and to specify requirements for the verification of a space system product, such as ref http www.everyspec.com ESA ECSS E 10 02A 14991 Space Engineering Verification , ECSS E 10 02A, 17 November 1998, p.11. ref the fundamental concepts of the verification process, the criteria for defining the verification strategy and the rules for the implementation of the verification programme. Verification spaceflight Verification is one main reason that costs for space systems are high. All data are to be documented and to stay accessible for potential, later failure analyses. In previous times that approach was executed down to piece parts level resistors, switches etc. whereas nowadays it is tried to reduce cost by usage of CAM Commercial, Avionics, Military equipment for non safety relevant units. Qualification and Acceptance Qualification is the formal proof that the design meets all requirements of the specification and the parameter s agreed in the Interface Control Document s ICD including tolerances due to manufacturing imperfections, wear out within specified life time, faults etc. The end of the qualification process is the approval signature of the customer on the Certificate of Qualification COQ agreeing that all his requirements are met. Acceptance is the formal proof that the product identified by its serial number meets all requirements of the specification and is free of workmanship ... by the product to be delivered. Qualification verification methods are Review of design using configuration ... system configuration until considered as qualified. Acceptance verification methods are Test Inspection ... Further reading European Cooperation for Space Standardization ECSS E ST 10 02 Verification European ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Orphan date February 2009 In a public switched telephone network , busy verification is a network provided service feature that permits an attendant to verify the busy or idle state of station lines and to break into the conversation. A 440 Hz tone is applied to the telephone line line for 2 seconds, followed by a 0.5 second burst every 10 seconds, to alert both parties that the attendant is connected to the telecommunication circuit circuit . DEFAULTSORT Busy Verification Category Calling features ... more details
Data Verification is a process wherein the data is checked for accuracy and inconsistencies after data migration is done. ref http www.datacap.com products features verify ref It helps to determine whether data was accurately translated when data is transported from one source to another, is complete, and supports processes in the new system. During verification, there may be a need for a parallel run of both systems to identify areas of disparity and forestall erroneous data loss. A type of Data Verification is Double Entry and Proofreading data Proofreading data involves someone checking the data entered against the original document. This is also time consuming and costly. References reflist 2 External links http www.pcguide.com care bu howVerification c.html PC Guide article Category Data management Category Data quality ... more details
multiple issues one source June 2010 refimprove June 2010 wikify January 2011 Measurement and Verification M&V is the term given to the process for quantifying savings delivered by an Energy conservation measure Energy Conservation Measure ECM , as well as the sub sector of the energy industry involved with this practice. Measurement and Verification demonstrates how much energy the ECM has avoided using, rather than the total cost saved. The latter can be affected by many factors, such as energy prices. The Measurement and Verification process enables the energy savings delivered by the ECM to be isolated and fairly evaluated. Various protocols for good practice in Measurement and Verification exist, including the IPMVP International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol IPMVP ref cite web url http www.evo world.org title Efficiency Valuation Organization ref , which defines common terminology and the key steps in implementing a robust M&V process. A key part of the M&V process is the development of an M&V Plan , which defines how the savings analysis will be conducted before the ECM is implemented. This provides a degree of objectivity that is absent if the savings are simply evaluated after implementation. References reflist Category Energy conservation 2. http www1.eere.energy.gov femp pdfs mv guidelines.pdf FEMP M&V Guidelines 3.0 energy stub ... more details
verification is the act of Mathematical proof proving or disproving the correctness computer science ... 30em quoted true bgcolor FFFFF0 salign center Complete formal verification is the only known way ... klein sosp09.pdf title seL4 Formal Verification of an OS Kernel paper submitted to 22nd ACM Symposium ... Usage Formal verification can be helpful in proving the correctness of systems such as cryptographic ..., and software expressed as source code. The verification of these systems is done by providing a formal ... needed date September 2009 Approaches to formal verification One approach and formation is model ... checking. Formal verification for software Logical inference for the formal verification of software ... by construction correctness by construction . Verification and validation main Verification and validation Verification and validation Verification is one aspect of testing a product s fitness for purpose. Validation is the complementary aspect. Often one refers to the overall checking process as Verification ... specified to the user s actual needs? Verification Have we made what we were trying to make? , i.e., does the product conform to the specifications? The verification process consists of static ... of formal verification techniques in the hardware industry. ref cite journal doi 10.1109 LICS.2003.1210044 title Formal verification at Intel year 2003 last1 Harrison first1 J. pages 45 54 ref ref http portal.acm.org citation.cfm?id 800667 Formal verification of a real time hardware design . Portal.acm.org 1983 06 27 . Retrieved on 2011 04 30. ref At present, formal verification is used by most ... design are amenable to automated proof methods, making formal verification easier to introduce and more productive. ref http www.cl.cam.ac.uk jrh13 slides types 04sep99 slides1.pdf Formal Verification ... in the Formal Verification of PikeOS ref ref http www.embedded.com columns breakpoint 220900551 ... in computer science Formal verification Selected formal verification bibliography Static code analysis ... more details
unbalanced date December 2010 Callback verification , also known as callout verification or Sender Address Verification , is a technique used by SMTP software in order to validate e mail address es. The most common target of verification is the sender address from the message envelope the address specified during the SMTP dialogue as MAIL FROM . It is mostly used as an anti spam measure. Image Sav.png thumb right 350px The three hosts involved in an SMTP callout verification. If the address is not forged, the sender and the MX server may coincide. Purpose Since a large percentage of e mail spam has forged sender mfrom addresses, some spam can be detected by checking whether forging resulted in an invalid ... the use ref name postfix http www.postfix.org ADDRESS VERIFICATION README.html Postfix Address Verification ... Callout verification ref of this technique and mention many limitations to SMTP callbacks. In particular ... sender address verification John Levine Sender Address Verification Still a Bad Idea ref Callback verification can still work if rejecting all bounces happens at the DATA stage instead of the earlier ... is valid and thus prevent callback verification from working. ref name postfix ref name JLevine ... address if the test succeeds, further verification is useless . Servers that implement catch ... techniques, including greet delays causing a connection delay and greylisting causing a verification ... or just misconfiguration. The positive aspect is that the verification process will usually cause an outright ... . ref name JLevine Callback verification has no effect if spammers spoof real email addresses ref name JLevine ref http taint.org 2007 03 16 134743a.html Justin Mason Sender Address Verification considered ... systems violating or stretching the limits of RFCs verification problems are only reflecting these problems ... of the above problems are reduced by Cache computing caching of verification results. In particular ... callout spamlinks Sender Callout Verification DEFAULTSORT Callback Verification Category Spam filtering ... more details
Speech verification uses speech recognition to verify the correctness of the pronounced speech. Speech verification doesn t try to decode unknown speech from a huge search space, but instead, knowing the expected speech to be pronounced, it attempts to verify the correctness of the utterance s pronunciation, cadence, pitch, and stress. Pronunciation assessment is the main application of this technology which is sometimes called computer aided pronunciation teaching. External links http llt.msu.edu vol2num2 article3 index.html Using automatic speech processing for foreign language pronunciation tutoring http llt.msu.edu vol2num1 article3 index.html Speech technology in computer aided language learning compu AI stub Category Speech recognition ... more details
Functional verification , in electronic design automation , is the task of verifying that the digital circuit logic design conforms to specification. In everyday terms, functional verification attempts to answer the question Does this proposed design do what is intended? This is a complex task, and takes the majority of time and effort in most large electronic system design projects. Functional verification is very difficult because of the sheer volume of possible testcases that exist in even a simple design. Frequently there are more than 10 80 possible tests to comprehensively verify a design a number that is impossible to achieve in a lifetime. This effort is equivalent to program verification , and is NP hard or even worse and no solution has been found that works well in all cases. However, it can be attacked by many methods. None of them are perfect, but each can be helpful in certain circumstances Logic simulation simulates the logic before it is built. Simulation acceleration applies special purpose hardware to the logic simulation problem. Emulation builds a version of system using programmable logic. This is expensive, and still much slower than the real hardware, but orders .... Formal verification attempts to prove mathematically that certain requirements also expressed ... verification uses automation to adapt the testbench to changes in the register transfer level code ... problems. Simulation based verification also called dynamic verification is widely used to simulate ... inputs for the design under verification. Generators create inputs at a high level of abstraction ...? , and branch coverage has each direction of every branch been exercised? . Functional Verification ... verification http www.brekersystems.com Breker Verification Systems, Inc. Trek a model based test generation ... Software Synopsys See also Analog Verification Cleanroom Software Engineering External links You ... An IDE for e and SystemVerilog http www.dvteclipse.com Category Electronic circuit verification ... more details
No footnotes date January 2012 Analog verification is a methodology for performing functional verification on analog, mixed signal and RF integrated circuits and System on a chip systems on chip . Discussion of analog verification began in 2005 when it started to become recognized that the analog portion of large mixed signal chips had become so complex that a significant and ever increasing number of these chips were being designed with functional errors in the analog portion that prevented them from operating correctly. Technical details Analog verification is built on the idea that transistor level simulation will always be too slow to provide adequate functional verification. Instead, it is necessary to build simple and efficient models of the blocks that make up the analog portion of the design and use those to verify the design. Those models are typically written in Verilog or Verilog AMS , but could also be written in VHDL or VHDL AMS . However, simply using a simple functional model is not sufficient. It is also necessary to build a comprehensive self checking testbench, that thoroughly exercises the design and compare its response against a previously written specification for the design. Furthermore, this testbench should be applied in turn to both the model and the design. In this case, the design is represented with a transistor level schematic. If both the model and the design pass all tests, and if the testbench is comprehensive, then this confirms that the model is consistent with the design and that the design is consistent with the specification. Applying a comprehensive testbench to an entire analog functional unit such as an audio codec , power management unit, serdes , or RF transceiver, represented at the transistor level is impractical. So instead, the verification proceeds hierarchically. One first builds simple models and testbenches for individual ... and Ken Kundert. http www.designers guide.com docs proc2006.pdf Verification of Complex Analog and RF ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Context date October 2009 Verification of Employment VOE is a process used by bank s and mortgage loan mortgage lenders in the United States to review the employment history of a borrower , to determine the borrower s job stability and cross reference income history with that stated on the Uniform Residential Loan Application Form 1003 . Lenders require complete VOE declaring all positions held for the last two years of employment history. Most mortgages are preceded by both written and verbal VOEs. Once a lender receives the initial loan application, a Written Verification of Employment Form 1005 is sent to all current and previous employers within the last two years listed on the application. This form is filled out by an authorized representative of the employer and includes dates of employment, positions held and a breakdown of Remuneration compensation received. This information is compared to both the loan application and the income documentation, such as W2 s and Payroll Paycheck paycheck pay stub stubs , to ensure the information is correct. Once a mortgage has been approved and the borrowers have signed their mortgage documents, a Verbal Verification of Employment is conducted with all current employers prior to funding the loan. This is done to ensure that the borrower has not stopped working since the application was submitted, which would influence the terms on which the loan was approved. VOE guidelines are different for Self employment self employed borrowers, as a VOE should not be completed by the loan applicant. Self employed borrowers are typically asked to provide either a current business license or, for borrowers who do not have a traditional business model, a letter from their Certified Public Accountant indicating that they have firsthand knowledge of their previous and continued employment as their tax preparer. VOE ... DEFAULTSORT Verification Of Employment Category Mortgage industry of the United States ... more details
Merge to Verificationism discuss Talk Verificationism Merger proposal date September 2011 Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 The verification theory of meaning is a Philosophy philosophical theory proposed by the Logical Positivism logical positivists of the Vienna Circle . A simplified form of the theory states that a proposition s meaning is determined by the method through which it is Empiricism empirically verified. In other words, if something cannot be empirically verified, it is meaningless. For example, the statement It is raining is meaningless unless there is a way whereby one could, in principle, verify whether or not it is in fact raining. The theory has radical consequences for traditional philosophy as it, if correct, would render much of past philosophical work meaningless, for example metaphysics and ethics. It is important to note that the theory is meant to be applied only to synthetic claims i.e. claims about the world , rather than analytical ones. The statement of the theory itself was taken by Ayer to be an analytic claim. See also Fields of study and principles Epistemology The philosophical study of knowledge and belief Falsifiability The possibility that an assertion may be disproved Logical Positivism A philosophical school espousing verificationism Philosophy of science Verification principle That meaningful statements should be analytic, verifiable or falsifiable Schools and individuals A.J. Ayer 1910 1986 A British logical positivist Moritz Schlick 1882 1936 The German founding father of logical positivism Vienna Circle The group around Moritz Schlick at Vienna University from 1922 Philosophy of language Philosophy topics DEFAULTSORT Verification Theory Category Theories of language Category Epistemological theories Category Logical positivism Category Vienna Circle epistemology stub da Verifikationisme fr Th orie v rificationniste de la signification nl Verificatiebeginsel fi Verifikationistinen merkitysteoria ... more details
Refimprove date September 2009 Physical verification is a process whereby an Integrated Circuit Layout IC layout design is checked via EDA software tools to see if it meets certain criteria. Verification involves DRC Design rule check , LVS Layout versus schematic , ERC Electrical Rule Check , XOR Exclusive OR , and Antenna Checks. XOR Check This check is typically run after a metal spin, where the original and modified database are compared. This is done to confirm that the desired modifications have been made and no undesired modifications have been made by accident. This step involves comparing the two layout databases GDS by XOR operation of the layout geometries. This check results a database which has all the mismatching geometries in both the layouts. Antenna Check The antenna basically is a metal interconnect, i.e., a conductor like polysilicon or metal, that is not electrically connected to silicon or grounded, during the processing steps of the wafer. During the manufacturing process charge accumulation can occur on the antenna during certain fabrication steps like Plasma etching, which uses highly ionized matter to etch. If the connection to silicon does not exist, charges may build up on the interconnect to the point at which rapid discharge does take place and permanent physical damage results to thin transistor gate oxide. This rapid and destructive phenomenon is known as the antenna effect . Antenna errors can be cured by adding a small antenna diode to safely discharge the node or spillting the antenna by routing up to another metal layer and then down again. The Antenna ratio is defined as the ratio between the physical area of the conductors making up the antenna to the total gate oxide area to which the antenna is electrically connected. ERC Electrical rule check ERC Electrical rule check involves checking a design for all electrical connections that are considered ... Physical Verification Category Electronic circuit verification ... more details
Infobox Magazine title Software Testing, Verification & Reliability image file image size 200px image caption editor Jeff Offutt frequency Quarterly circulation category Computer science company John Wiley & Sons Wiley firstdate country United States language English language English website http www3.interscience.wiley.com journal 13635 home interscience.wiley.com issn 0960 0833 Software Testing, Verification & Reliability STVR is a leading journal in the field of software testing , Verification and Validation verification , and Reliability engineering reliability . STVR is a quarterly international journal that included papers on both theoretical and practical issues. For 13 years, until 2006, the Chief Editor was Martin Woodward . ref http doi.wiley.com 10.1002 stvr.363 A Tribute to Martin Woodward , Software Testing, Verification & Reliability , 16 209 211, 2006. doi 10.1002 stvr.363 ref The current editor is Jeff Offutt . ref Martin R. Woodward and Jeff Offutt, Editorial Reflections on the past, present and future. Software Testing, Verification & Reliability , 17 1 1 2, 2007. ref The journal is published by John Wiley & Sons . References reflist External links http www3.interscience.wiley.com journal 13635 home STVR journal homepage http eu.wiley.com WileyCDA WileyTitle productCd STVR.html STVR journal information http www.informatik.uni trier.de ley db journals stvr STVR information from DBLP Category Computer science journals Category Software testing Category John Wiley & Sons academic journals Category Quarterly journals journal stub ... more details
The Reference Verification Methodology RVM is a complete set of metrics and methods for performing Functional verification of complex designs such as for Application specific integrated circuit s or other semiconductor devices. It was published by Synopsys in 2003 . RVM is implemented under OpenVera . The SystemVerilog implementation of the RVM is known as the VMM Verification Methodology Manual . It contains a small library of Superclass computer science base classes . References http www.verificationacademy.com verification methodology OVM UVM Verification Methodology at the Verification Academy http www.vmm sv.org Verification Methodology Manual for SystemVerilog http www.vmmcentral.org vmmcenter.org http www.testbench.in ethernet rvm.html RVM Testbench Example Category Hardware verification languages ... more details
Infobox programming language name e logo e logo caption screenshot screenshot caption file ext .e paradigm ... twiki bin view.cgi P1647 WebHome TWiki eda.org wikibooks lowercase e verification language e is a Hardware Verification Language hardware verification language HVL which is tailored to implementing highly flexible and reusable verification Test bench testbenches . History e was first developed ... Automation Conference . ref Samir Palnitkar Design verification with e , Prentice Hall PTR. October ... code, especially when the testbench is written following the Universal Verification Methodology ... and technically advanced Hardware Verification Language HVL in the industry The most productive Hardware Verification Language HVL in the industry today, because it was specifically designed for hardware verification Language Features The e language uses an aspect oriented programming AOP approach ... required in functional verification. AOP is a key feature in that it allows for users to easily bolt ... file if desired, providing for more organized file partitioning. br Comments Executable e code is enclosed ... Example of an e Verilog Hookup source lang verilog This code is in a Verilog file tb top.v module testbench ... is in a signal map.e file unit signal map u Define a port named a clk p a clk p in simple port of bit ... of functional verification requires to raise the level of abstraction of any Design Under Test DUT ... verification engineers by enabling to patch discovered RTL bugs without having to rewrite or touch any of the already existing code base. br Aspect oriented programming in e allows verification engineers ... without aspect oriented features can not accomplish. Subtyping allows a verification engineer to add ... dp B001CKCSNE The e Hardware Verification Language , Sasan Iman and Sunita Joshi, Springer, May 28, 2004 https eselect.elsevier.com e book aspect oriented programming with the e verification language prod2700.html Aspect Oriented Programming with the e Verification Language , David Robinson ... more details
title ref Minimize delivery delays by only using valid addresses Providers The USPS offers address verification ... the use of address verification services from within a program or website. Pricing from 3rd party address verification providers ranges from free for non profit organizations ref http www.smartystreets.com free address verification Free Address Verification and Standardization SmartyStreets Bot generated ... more details
for verification of postal addresses see Postal Address Verification Refimprove date December 2009 The Address Verification System AVS is a system used to verify the address of a person claiming to own a credit card . The system will check the billing address of the credit card provided by the user with the address on file at the credit card company. ref name avsdetails The other security features for the credit card include the Card Security Code CVV2 number. AVS is used when the merchant verifies credit card data, such as billing address and zip code, against the Visa Mastercard billing information of the cardholder. ref cite web title Address Verification System AVS url http virtualtrak.blogspot.com 2007 03 address verification system avs.html publisher VirtualTrak technologies accessdate Retrieved Sept 7, 2011 ref AVS verifies that the billing address of the credit or debit card matches the address that was given by the customer. Because AVS only verifies the numeric portion of the address, certain anomalies like apartment numbers can cause false declines however, it is reported to be a rare occurrence. ref name avsdetails cite web title Merchant Account Address Verification System AVS Definition url http www.cardpaymentoptions.com merchant account glossary address verification system avs publisher Phillip Parker & CardPaymentOptions.com accessdate Retrieved Sept 7, 2011 ref ..., or partial declines for AVS from Electronic commerce e commerce verification systems, which may ... to the lack of data. Besides the automated verification, some banks do provide merchants with a manual verification system. Usually this is done for foreign credit card accounts as the AVS only works ... like Denmark however prevent banks from verifying customer data. Address Verification Service ..., but 5 digit postal code matches. Standard domestic Declines due to Address Verification System ... Reflist Category Electronic commerce Bank stub de Address Verification System ... more details
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