Image Sparse file en .svg thumb A sparse file The empty bytes don t need to be saved, thus they can be represented by metadata . In computer science , a sparse file is a type of computer file that attempts to use file system space more efficiently when blocks allocated to the file are mostly empty. This is achieved ... files, the file system transparently converts metadata representing empty blocks into real blocks filled with zero bytes at runtime. The application is unaware of this conversion. Most modern file ..., Dominic 1999 . http www.nobius.org dbg practical file system design.pdf Practical File System Design with the Be File System . Morgan Kaufmann. ISBN 1 55860 497 9 ref but notably not Apple s HFS . Sparse files are commonly used for disk image s, database snapshots, log file s and in scientific applications ... on the file system. Disadvantages Disadvantages are that sparse files may become fragmentation computer fragmented file system free space reports may be misleading filling up file systems containing ... an existing portion of a file that happened to have been sparse and copying a sparse file with a computer ... size of the file, including the zero sections which are not allocated on disk&mdash losing the benefits of the sparse property in the file. Sparse files are also not fully supported by all backup software .... But the differences between a normal file and sparse file become apparent in some situations. Creation The Unix command dd if dev null of sparse file bs 1k seek 5120 will create a file of five ... because it calls tt ftruncate tt to set the file size other implementations may merely create an empty file. Similarly the truncate command may be used, if available truncate s 5M filename Detection ... size in blocks too ls lks sparse file Or use tt h tt to print both in human readable format ... that it can be compared to the tt ls tt output du block size 1 sparse file ls l sparse file Copying Normally, the GNU version of cp Unix cp is good at detecting whether a file is sparse, so it suffices ... more details
unreferenced date December 2010 A kill file also killfile , bozo bin or twit list is a per user file used by some Usenet reading programs originally Larry Wall s rn newsreader rn to discard summarily without presenting for reading articles matching some unwanted patterns of subject, author, or other header lines. Thus to add a person or subject to one s kill file is to arrange for that person to be ignored by one s news client newsreader in the future. By extension, it may be used for a decision to ignore the person or subject in other media. Sometimes more than one kill file will be used. Some news client newsreader programs also allow the user to specify a time period to keep an author in the kill file. Newer newsreader software like Gnus often provides a more advanced form of filter known as a score file , which can use multiple rules to determine which articles are shown. Web based forums usually have a similar feature called ignore list , which hides any posts sent by users on the list. See also Plonk usenet Plonk Offline reader References FOLDOC External links http catb.org jargon html K kill file.html Kill file entry in the Jargon File http www.newsdemon.com usenet term killfile.php Kill file definition entry at NewsDemon.com DEFAULTSORT Kill File Category Usenet web software stub de Killfile nl Killfile pl Killfile ... more details
File camouflage or file deception is a computer technique to hide confidential information by inserting it in such redundant part of a computer filefile . A camouflaged file works normally in ordinary use. Most of the file formats have some redundant portions where any confidential data could be inserted intentionally. For example, JPEG , MP3 , and Microsoft Word files don t care whatever extra data are added at the end of the file. Added data can further be encrypted, making it even more difficult for ordinary computer users to notice it. File camouflaging uses two types of programs, i.e., an encoder to insert a confidential data, and a decoder to extract the inserted data, sometimes a password is needed to extract the secret information. An example of this is the program http steghide.sourceforge.net documentation manpage.php steghide . This program allows users to embed data in many different files. Another example of File Camouflage is jpegx , this program allows users to hide data specifically in JPEG files. A camouflaged file often increases so much in size that it is not difficult for experts to detect and remove the inserted data. Because of this it is not a very safe technique to hide confidential information in a computer. See also Steganography Category Cryptography Category Steganography ja ... more details
File 13 is a euphemism for the trash can . The phrase is especially used in the U.S. military, and is less common outside of the United States . In the United Kingdom , for instance, the expression round file or circular file is more common in reference to trash cans typically being round . Expressions such as I ll place that memo in file 13 are often heard in offices as a joking way of saying, I m going to throw away that memo. Army Regulation 635 200 Active Duty Enlisted Administrative Separations ... under this chapter and the paperwork is filed the slang term File 13 refers to the action of filing ... or action. To File 13 paperwork was to get rid of it. History refimprove section date September 2011 The first known citation of File 13 was in 1941. The phrase s origins may perhaps be traced to 13 ... Force, File 13 refers to an aircraft s garbage can. Usage in popular culture File 13 board game File ... before the others. There is an independent record label named File Thirteen Records , based originally in Little Rock , AR and now in Chicago, IL. There is a song by the band AFI band AFI called File ... a garbage can. File 13 is a female fronted rock band in the Denver, CO area. File 13 was a heavy metal band from Monaca, PA in the early to mid 1990s. File 13 is a cover band in South Central Texas .... File 13 reunited in 2010 with three of the four original members, and is still performing today. Their current information and dates may be viewed at file13rocks.com . File 13 was used as a band moniker ... clubs. Witz revived the File 13 name again in 1988 for a 12 single called Party Line also on Profile ... retired the File 13 name for his dance tracks. References No footnotes date April 2009 http www.phrases.org.uk bulletin board 37 messages 570.html File 13 , The Phrase Finder. http www.slangsearch.com airforce.html Slangsearch Air Force . http www.file 13.com File 13 Records http www.file13theband.com File 13 band Category Military slang and jargon Category Military humor ... more details
A file association associates a file with an application software application capable of opening that file. More commonly, a file association associates a class of files usually determined by their filename ... and verbs A single file extension may have several associations for performing various actions, also known as verbs . Some of the common verbs are open to open a file edit to open a file for editing print to print a file A picture, for example, may be associated with these verbs so that open ... to a printer. Implementations Most operating systems support file associations in some form or the other. For example, opening a file from a file manager usually invokes the open verb in order to open the file with its associated application. Additional actions such as print are usually accessed ... Windows series of operating system s, beginning with Windows 3.x supports file extension based associations ... are stored in Windows Registry registry as sets of verbs for each file extension. Older versions supported open associations stored in WIN.INI . File associations can be displayed and edited using ... to create association between file type and application which will open files of this type ... The Windows shell invokes file association actions through Component Object Model COM , drag and drop, command line calls or through Dynamic Data Exchange . Advanced features of Microsoft Windows file associations included manually defining a new file extension with any number of associated actions, a primary default action , showing extensions only for specific file types, customizing the file type icon and description and customizing associated MIME type and their handling how to handle file ... to configure advanced file association functionality, however, was removed in Windows Vista and later ... b77b 46af 925b 5555b962b490 How do I change the default file associations for Open, Preview, Edit ... editor. Mac OS Classic Mac OS used type code s and creator code s to associate each file with its ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2008 File verification is the process of using an algorithm for verifying the integrity or authentication authenticity of a computer file . This can be done by comparing two files bit by bit, but requires two copies of the same file, and may miss systematic corruptions which might occur to both files. A more popular approach is to also store checksum s hashes of files for later comparison. Integrity verification File integrity can be compromised, usually referred to as the file becoming Data corruption corrupted . A file can become corrupted by a variety of ways faulty storage media , errors in transmission, write errors during copying or moving, software bug s, and so on. hash function Hash based verification ensures that a file has not been corrupted by comparing the file s hash value to a previously calculated value. If these values match, the file is presumed to be unmodified. Due to the nature of hash functions, hash collision s may result in false positive s, but the likelihood of collisions is often negligible with random corruption. Authenticity verification It is often desirable to verify that a file hasn t been modified in transmission or storage by untrusted parties, for example, to include malicious code such as virus es or Backdoor computing backdoor s. To verify the authenticity, a classical hash function is not enough as they are not designed to be collision resistance collision resistant it is computationally trivial for an attacker to cause deliberate hash collisions, meaning that a malicious change in the file is not detected with by a hash comparison. In cryptography, this attack is called the collision attack . For this purpose ... to be intact. Alternatively, digital signature s can be employed to assure tamper resistance. File formats Simple file verification md5sum sha1sum Products Bitser software Bitser http osiris.shmoo.com Osiris OSSEC CimTrak Verisys See also Checksum Comparison of file verification software Data deduplication ... more details
Infobox musical artist name Richard File image image size caption background non performing personnel alias DJ Aura, Forme origin instrument genre Electronic music Electronic br Electro rock br Breakbeat occupation years active 1995&ndash present label Mo Wax , Marine Parade associated acts Unkle , We Fell to Earth website Richard File is a musician and producer, best known for his work with James Lavelle as part of Unkle . He has also released singles under the aliases DJ Aura and Forme. Career File joined Unkle in 1999, having remixed Unreal from the debut album Psyence Fiction with added vocals from Ian Brown . For the subsequent Unkle albums Never, Never, Land and War Stories album War Stories , File is credited with piano, organ, synthesizer, guitar, and vocal parts, as well as co production. Working under the Unkle name, File remixed tracks by a number of well known artists including DJ Shadow , Queens of the Stone Age , Depeche Mode , The Duke Spirit , Garbage band Garbage , and Placebo band Placebo . File and Lavelle also released a number of DJ mixes under the name Unklesounds , including Edit Music for a Film Original Motion Picture Soundtrack Reconstruction . He left UNKLE in January 2008. ref http www.unkle77.com ?m 200801 UNKLE 77 Rich leaves UNKLE ref ref http www.noizemakesenemies.co.uk file leaves unkle news NoizeMakesEnemies.co.uk File leaves Unkle ref References reflist External links http www.discogs.com artist Richard File Discogs.com Richard File discography http www.marineparade.net artists forme Marine Parade Forme artist page http www.last.fm music Richard File Last.fm Richard File Unkle Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME File, Richard ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION Musician DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT File, Richard Category British electronic musicians Category Living people ... more details
About computer files and file systems in general terms a more detailed and technical article File system refimprove date June 2009 A computer file is a block of arbitrary information, or resource for storing ... computer storage storage . A file is durable in the sense that it remains available for programs ... , and this is the source of the term. History File PunchCardDecks.agr.jpg right thumb A punched card fileFile BRL61 IBM 305 RAMAC.jpeg right thumb The twin Hard disk drive hard drives of an IBM 305 system The word file was used publicly in the context of computer storage as early as February, 1950 ... can be kept on file and taken out again. Such a file now exists in a memory tube developed ... file was used in referring to information stored on punched card s. ref Robert S. Casey, et al ... the underlying hardware rather than the contents as the file. For example, the IBM 350 disk drives ... Time Sharing System introduced the concept of a file system, which managed several virtual files on one storage device, giving the term its present day meaning. File names in CTSS had two parts, a user readable primary name and a secondary name indicating the file type. ref Fernando J. Corbat ... today, including Microsoft Windows . Although the current term register file shows the early concept of files, it has largely disappeared. File contents On most modern operating systems , files are organized into one dimensional arrays of byte s. The file format format of a file is defined by its content since a file is solely a container for data, although, on some platforms the format is usually indicated by its file extension, specifying the rules for how the bytes must be organized and interpreted meaningfully. For example, the bytes of a plain text file tt .txt tt in Windows are associated ... otherwise. Most file types also allocate a few bytes for metadata , which allows a file to carry some basic information about itself. File size At any instant in time, a file might have a size ... more details
A file viewer is application software that presents the data stored in a computer file in a human friendly form. The file contents are generally displayed on the display device screen , or they may be computer printer printed . Also, they may be read aloud using speech synthesis . Overview File viewers do not edit files, yet it is common for them to be able to save data in a different file format , or to copy information from the viewed file to the system wide clipboard . File viewers have to have sufficient knowledge about the file format format of the file to be viewed. Even plain text files are not so simple file viewers may have to handle different code page s and newline styles. A fundamental type of file viewer are filter Unix filter s that translate binary files into plain text one example ... may be lost. Disassembler s also fall in this category. Another common type of file viewer is a picture viewer that can display graphics file format picture files of various formats . Common features here are thumbnail preview and creation, and image zooming. For more complex or proprietary file formats, file viewers are usually provided by the same companies that make the editing software using those formats viewers may be distributed free of charge, while editors have to be bought . A file viewer is limited functionality software in the sense that it does not have a capability to create a file ... it a more attractive solution. There are many products that can qualify as a file viewer Microsoft Word ... browser is a type of file viewer, which translates, or renders, the HTML markups into a human friendly presentation. Although HTML is plain text, viewing an HTML file in a browser and in a text editor produces significantly different results. Although web browsers are arguably the best file viewer .... Creating and using alternative publishing systems and their accompanying file viewers still makes .... Viewers for such formats are named players. But the essence is the same presenting file contents ... more details
A swipe file is a collection of tested and proven advertising and sales letters. Keeping a swipe file templates is a common practice used by advertising Copywriting copywriters and creative directors as a ready reference of ideas for projects. Copywriters are not the only ones who can benefit from having a swipe file. As book publishing coach Diane Eble points out, authors and publishers can benefit from creating a swipe file of best selling titles to give them ideas for their own titles. Publicists can create a swipe file of great press release headlines. Swipe files are a great jumping off point for anybody who needs to come up with lots of ideas. Swipe files are also commonly used by Internet Marketers who need to gather a lot of resources not only about products but also about marketing methods and strategies. See also Wiktionarypar copywriting copywriter Search engine optimization Communication design Internet marketing Commonplace book Morgue file DEFAULTSORT Swipe File Category Advertising Ad stub Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 ... more details
For the separate terms rank and file in chess Chess terminology For the chess notation system assigning letters to files and numbers to ranks Algebraic chess notation wiktionary The rank and file are the individual members of a political organization or labor union , exclusive of its leadership. The phrase originated in the military, denoting the horizontal ranks and vertical files of individual foot soldiers, exclusive of the officer military officers and is still sometimes used to refer to the bulk of lower ranking troops. ref cite web title rank and file publisher Dictionary.com, LLC url http dictionary.reference.com browse rank and file accessdate 2011 03 04 ref The rank and file movement is a blanket term for informal left leaning groups among British trade unionists, generally strenuously opposed to and by the union hierarchies and often facing expulsion. See also Union democracy References Reflist Category Military terminology Category Political terms Category Rank and file labor unions Mil stub Politics stub de Rank and File ... more details
File Stdstreams notitle.svg thumb right The file descriptors for input, output, and error In computer programming, a file descriptor FD is an abstract indicator for accessing a file. The term is generally ... C standard I O library , file handle is preferred, though the latter case is technically a different object see below . In POSIX, a file descriptor is an integer , specifically of the C programming language C type tt int tt . There are 3 standard POSIX file descriptors which presumably every process ... Name 0 Standard Input stdin 1 Standard Output stdout 2 Standard Error stderr Generally, a file ... data structure containing the details of all open files. In POSIX this data structure is called a file descriptor table , and each process has its own file descriptor table. The user application passes the abstract key to the kernel through a system call , and the kernel will access the file on behalf of the application, based on the key. The application itself cannot read or write the file descriptor table directly. In Unix like systems, file descriptors can refer to files, directory file systems ... socket socket s, FIFO s also called named pipe s , or unnamed pipeline Unix pipe s. The tt FILE tt file ... by those library routines one of those structures usually includes an actual low level file descriptor for the object in question on Unix like systems. Since file handle refers to this additional layer, it is not interchangeable with file descriptor . To further complicate terminology, Microsoft Windows also uses the term file handle to refer to the more low level construct, akin to POSIX s file ... handles to support the POSIX like convention of integer file descriptors as detailed above. Operations on file descriptors Modern Unix like systems typically provide the following operations on file descriptors Creating file descriptors tt open , open64 , creat , creat64 socket accept socketpair pipe ... Deriving file descriptors tt dirfd fileno tt Operations on a single file descriptor tt anchor read ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Image Earthwise.jpg thumb File Folders Image 43foldersexample.jpg thumb a tickler file made from folder files Image Schnellhefter Kunststoff.jpg thumb An open file Image ... file system folders, see Directory file systems A file folder US usage or folder in British .... File folders usually consist of a sheet of heavy paper stock or other thin, but stiff, material ... with a filing cabinet for storage. File folders can easily be purchased at office supply stores. File folders are usually labeled based on what is inside them. Folders can be labeled directly ... electronic labelmakers that can be used to make the labels. File folders can be made from plastic ... fibre , such as kraft paper or manila paper . Terminology wiktionary FileFile or wiktionary Folder folder are other terms used for file folders, but file folders is a common name for the item in the United States. Manila folder s are likely the most common, but file folders come in many different ... file folder seems to be one that dominates North American language, but does not seem as common in other countries. As stated, some refer to file folders simply as folders, but in North America ... folders, but this is confusing because not all file folders are made of Manila hemp . This type of folder ... to file one or more manila folders, and it is not a common practice to put loose sheets directly .... Occasionally, the term for the item changes based on its context. Some may refer to file folders as files when they are being utilized for storage. For example, one might say, Would you get me the file ... claims. File folder or just folder seems to be how many refer to the item when it is being purchased ... from the box? I need to make a file on the Thompson estate. Or someone might say, When you run to the store would you get me some legal size file folders? Then again, office furniture that holds paper documents is invariable referred to as a Filing cabinet or simply a file cabinet, and never a folder ... more details
which is not supported by the source file format. For each source file one or more sidecar files ... source files. In most cases the relationship between the source file and the sidecar file is based on the file name sidecar files have the same base name as the source file, but with a different extension. The problem with this system is that most operating systems and file managers have no knowledge ... .info files. Extensible Metadata Platform XMP sidecar files. For file formats that have no internal support for XMP data, the data is stored in separate .xmp files with the same base file name. Many photo cataloging applications have support for this file format. Windows connected files. When an HTML ... inside a subfolder that has the base name of the source HTML file with files added. Windows Explorer will move or delete all files when either the source HTML file or the folder is moved or deleted ... Word . AVI THM. Many digital cameras will store a .thm thumbnail file alongside recorded movies, with the same base filename as the movie file. These thumbnail files are plain JPEG files with another ... data which is not supported by the AVI file format. JPEG WAV. Some digital cameras allow for voice audio annotations with photos. These are then stored as WAV audio files alongside the JPEG photo file ... for metadata resources that are not stored inside the file data. Because the support is built into the operating ... will be stored as a separate file alongside the main source file. Meta Information Encapsulation ... type of file. A variation of this are copies of the source file which contain largely the same ... create backup files alongside the main file, often with a .bak extension. .exf backup files ... cataloging applications allow to extract the Exif data and store that in an .exf file, so that the metadata can later be re inserted into the JPEG file. Raw JPEG. Many digital cameras allow to store both uncompressed Raw image format raw data and a JPEG image file when shooting in raw mode . This allows ... more details
DISPLAYTITLE FILE ID.DIZ Unreferenced date January 2008 FILE ID.DIZ is a plain text file containing a brief content description of the archive formats archive in which it is included. It was originally used in archives distributed through bulletin board system s BBS . Bulletin boards commonly accept uploaded files from their users. The BBS software would prompt the user to supply a description for the uploaded file, but these descriptions were often less than useful. BBS system operators spent many hours going over the upload descriptions correcting and editing the descriptions. The tt FILE ID.DIZ tt inclusion in archives was designed to address this problem. tt FILE ID tt stands for file identification . tt DIZ tt stands for D escription I n Z ipfile . In addition, when written in lowercase and viewed upside down or rotated 180 degrees, the diz file extension looks like zip . Clark Development and the Association of Shareware Professionals supported the idea of this becoming a standard for file descriptions. Clark rewrote the PCBDescribe program and included it with their PCBoard BBS software. The ASP urged their members to use this description file format in their distributions. Mr. Leavitt released the file specification and his PCBDescribe program source code to the public domain and urged other BBS software companies to support the DIZ file. Traditionally, a FILE ID.DIZ should be up to 10 lines of text, each line being no more than 45 characters long. according to the specification v1.9 &mdash this restriction however is rarely observed nowadays. Fact date August 2008 Reference ... to make use of the FILE ID.DIZ specification, the author did not anticipate or approve others claiming ... operators and the online community. By preserving the purpose of the FILE ID.DIZ file, the maximum ... www.textfiles.com computers fileid.txt FILE ID.DIZ Specification v1.9 by Richard Holler. compsci stub Category Bulletin board systems Category Files Category Warez fr FILE ID.DIZ ro FILE ID.DIZ ru FILE ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 The File menu is a computer menu common to most file handling computer programs with a GUI Graphical User Interface . It often appears as the first item in the menu bar , and contains commands relating to the handling of Computer file files , such as open, save, print, etc. It may also contain a list of recently edited files. In some operating systems, the file menu also offers commands for closing windows and exiting the current program. DEFAULTSORT File Menu Category GUI widgets Storage software stub ... more details
A BANG file balanced and nested grid file is a point access method which divides space into a nonperiodic grid. Each spatial dimension is divided by a linear hash. Cells may intersect, and points may be distributed between them. Another meaning In some early International Computers Limited ICL Mainframe computer mainframe computers, a bang file was a temporary data storage file whose name began with a character which is sometimes nicknamed bang and automatically deleted when the run or user session ended. See also twin grid file . External links http ce.sharif.edu dic ads d.php?ref 1&origin Euler tour&r bangfile.1.7 Category Files Category Arrays datastructure stub ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 IND FILE is a FTP file transfer program from IBM that was first released in 1983 to allow the transfer of files between an IBM PC running the IBM 3270 emulator PC 3270 and a VSE , MVS or VM CMS Mainframe computer mainframe . IND FILE originally worked only with the SEND and RECEIVE commands of the 3270 PC emulator, but today most terminal emulator s supporting a 3270 mode included it. In the UK, it is known as IND FILE . References http gsf soft.com Documents IND FILE.shtml IND FILE Utility Program for VSE, MVS, and VM CMS See also 3270 emulator IBM 3270 Category FTP clients ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Infobox file format name Drawn File icon extension tt .drw tt mime owner typecode genre container for contained by extended from extended to A drawn file is a type of file used to preserve image drawings and keep detail very well but does not keep color well at all. The filename extension for this is .drawn, .drawing, or, for computers that only support three letter extensions, .drw. Programs According to FileInfo.net ref http www.fileinfo.net extension drw ref files with a .drw extension can be opened by the following programs Mac OS Apple AppleWorks Windows Microsoft Picture It CorelDRAW Corel Paint Shop Pro References Reflist Category Graphics file formats graphics software stub ... more details
The YMP filefile extension .ymp is a file used in the openSUSE operating system based on the Linux kernel . It is used in a feature called one click install . This allows a user to click a One Click Install button on certain websites to automatically install software, without having to download and install the software separately. The YMP file will open the one click install manager which is managed by YaST . The system will automatically add the Software repository repository containing the application, and then download and install the program. The file contains XML content of where to find the package and other such details. Category SUSE Linux Category Installation software linux stub ... more details
Refimprove date August 2011 A file system or filesystem is a means to organize data expected to be retained ... as manage the available space on the device s which contain it. A file system organizes data in an efficient ... exists between the operating system and the file system. Some file systems provide mechanisms to control access to the data and metadata . Ensuring reliability is a major responsibility of a file system. Some file systems allow multiple programs to update the same file at nearly the same time. File ... s, or flash memory storage devices, to maintain the physical locations of the computer file s. They may provide access to data on a file server by acting as clients for a network protocol e.g. Network File System protocol NFS , Server Message Block SMB , or 9P clients , or they may be virtual and exist ... service and Windows registry registry . Aspects of file systems Space management File 100 000 files ... NTFS clusters 100,000 files, each 5 bytes per file, equals 500,000 bytes of actual data, but requires .... The example files are 5 bytes each, not 1K, and the clusters are a minimum of 4K not 1K. File systems allocate space in a granular manner, usually multiple physical units on the device. The file system is responsible for organizing computer file files and directory file systems directories , and keeping track of which areas of the media belong to which file and which are not being used. For example ... map . This results in unused space when a file is not an exact multiple of the allocation unit, sometimes ... when the file system is created. Choosing the allocation size based on the average size of the files expected to be in the file system can minimize the amount of unusable space. Frequently the default ... in excessive overhead if the file system will contain mostly very large files. File system fragmentation occurs when unused space or single files are not contiguous. As a file system is used, files are created, modified and deleted. When a file is created the file system allocates space for the data ... more details
Everything is a file describes one of the defining features of Unix , and Unix like its derivatives &mdash that a wide range of input output resources such as documents, directories, hard drives, modems, keyboards, printers and even some inter process and network communications are simple streams of bytes exposed through the Unix directory structure filesystem name space . ref http ph7spot.com musings in unix everything is a file In UNIX Everything is a File , March 11 2012 ref The advantage of this approach is that the same set of tools, utilities and API s can be used on a wide range or resources. There are a number of Unix file types file types . When a file is opened a file descriptor is created. The file path becoming the addressing system and the file descriptor being the byte stream I O interface. But file descriptors are also created for things like anonymous pipe s and network socket s via different methods. So it is more accurate to say Everything is a file descriptor . ref cite web title Linus Torvalds everything is a file descriptor or a process url http yarchive.net comp linux everything is file.html ref ref cite web title Ghosts of Unix Past url http lwn.net Articles 411845 ref Additionally, a range of List of file systems Pseudo and virtual file systems pseudo and virtual filesystems exist which expose information about processes and other system information in a hierarchical file like structure. These are Mount computing mounted into the File system Unix like operating systems single file hierarchy . A good example of this purely virtual filesystem is procfs under proc that exposes many system properties as files proc cpuinfo containing information about the CPU, such as its vendor and CPU family, model and model name proc meminfo containing a summary of how ... boot All of these files have standard Unix file attributes such as chown an owner and chmod access ... everything is a file References reflist Category Unix Category Information theory ... more details
In HTML , a file select control is a component of a form web web form with which a user can select a file from his local machine. When the form is submitted perhaps together with other form data , the file is uploaded to the web server . There, when the file arrives, some action usually takes place, such as saving the file on the web server. However, the particular action that takes place is determined ... is a code example of a web form with a file select control. It is the code input code element with code type file code that creates the file select control. source lang html4strict form action form handler.php method post enctype multipart form data div input id myfile name myfile type file input value Upload type submit div form source Rendering Image Firefox2 screen shot before file selection ... example. The file select control is comprised by the text field, together with the Browse button. The second button is a submit button Image Firefox2 screen shot during file selection winxp.png right 354px thumb After clicking the Browse button the file dialog opens Image Firefox2 screen shot after file selection winxp.png right 354px thumb After file selection, the filename is displayed in the text field. The form is submitted by clicking the second button the file will be uploaded. When it comes to the rendering on the screen of a file select control, there is some variation among web browser s. Typically, on a Windows based platform, user agents will render a file select control as a text field, together with a Browse button. When the Browse button is pressed, a file dialog opens, with which actual file selection on one s platform can take place. After selection, the filename of the selected file is displayed in the text field, with its full path. Alternatively, instead of using ... vuln24725.html ref Functionality The mechanism for form based file upload was originally proposed .... Form based file upload then was incorporated in HTML 3.2, which explicitly refers to RFC 1867 ... more details
The term log file can refer to In computer data logging , the file to which a computer system writes a record of its activities. Output produced by a data logger Also see Wikibooks chapter http en.wikibooks.org wiki UNIX Computing Security Log files and auditing Log Files and Auditing disambig ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 Cleanup date February 2009 A data file is a computer file which stores ... computer programs work with file s. This is because files help in storing information permanently. Database ... files. A file itself is a bunch of byte s stored on some storage device like tape , magnetic disk , Optical ..., for later use. Storage types of Data file The data files can be stored in two ways Text files. Binary files. A text file also called ASCII files stores information in ASCII characters. A text file contains visible characters. We can see the contents of file on the monitor or edit it using any of the text ... this EOL character is read or written. br Examples of text files A file containing a C program A binary file is a file that contains information in the same format in which the information is held in memory i.e in the binary form. In binary file,there is no delimiter for a line. Also no translations ... than the text files. As long as the file doesn t need to be read or need to be ported to a different ... An executable file An object file In C , a file, at its lowest level, is interpreted simply as a sequence, or stream, of bytes. One aspect of the file I O library manages the transfer of these bytes. At this level, the notion of a data type is absent. On the other hand, file, at user level, consists ... aspect of file I O library manages the interface between these two values. Stream A stream is a sequence ... that supplies data to the program in known as input stream . It reads the data from the file and hands ... . It writes the received data to the file.Following figure illustrates it. FileFile Input and output using streams.tif File Input and output using streams center thumb 500px File Input and Output using streams ref Fig.7.1 of Chapter 7 Data File Handling,Computer Science Book by Sumita Arora ref ... for the process. The fstream.h header file In C , file input output facilities are implemented through a component header file of C standard library. This header file is fstream.h. The fstream library ... more details
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