Firestickfarming is a term coined by Australia n Archeology archaeologist Rhys Jones archaeologist Rhys Jones in 1969 to describe the practice of Indigenous Australians where fire was used regularly to burn vegetation to facilitate hunting and to change the composition of plant and animal species in an area. Firestickfarming had the long term effect of turning scrubland scrub into grassland , increasing the population of nonspecific grass eating species like the kangaroo . The ecological disturbance caused by firestickfarming is one theory behind the extinction of Australian megafauna . ref cite web url http www.int res.com articles cr 11 c011p051.pdf title Desertification and climate change the Australian perspective author G. Pickup ref In wet and dry sclerophyll forests, firestick farming opened the Canopy forest canopy and allowed germination of understory plants necessary for increasing .... See also Controlled burn Slash and burn Slash and char biochar Terra preta Fire regime References Reflist Jones, R. 1969. FirestickFarming. Australian Natural History , 16 224 Miller, G. H. 2005 ... journal Science , 309 287 290 Bliege Bird, R., et al. 2008. The FireStickFarming Hypothesis Australian Aboriginal Foraging Strategies, Biodiversity and Anthropogenic Fire Mosaics. Proceedings of the National ... stub simple Firestickfarming ... of farming also directly increased the food supply for the aborigines, by promoting the growth of bush ... Fire 20Book.pdf ref Human influence on fire regime challenged A recent research paper has questioned ... Mooney, S.D. and others. 2011. Late Quaternary fire regimes of Australasia. Quaternary Science Reviews ... in significantly greater fire activity across the continent. The arrival of European colonists after 1788, however, resulted in a substantial increase in fire activity. The study shows that bushfire ... between warm and cool climatic conditions. This suggests that fire in Australasia predominantly ... more details
The Stick may refer to Chapman Stick , a musical instrument Candlestick Park , an outdoor stadium in San Francisco, California, USA disambig ... more details
wiktionary Stick may refer to TOCright Music The Sticks , a British band Led Zeppelin IV Sticks album , by Led Zeppelin Chapman Stick , an electric musical instrument in the guitar family Clapstick , a type of percussion mallet traditionally accompanying the didgeridoo Drum stick , an object used to strike drums Stick, part of a bow music bow used to play a string instrument Sports Hockey stick Lacrosse stick Mzwandile Stick born 1984 , South African rugby player Stephen Kernahan born 1963 , Australian footballer, nicknamed Sticks Gene Michael born 1938 , American baseball player, nicknamed Stick Other uses Stick comics , a blind martial arts master from Marvel Comics who served as a teacher for both Daredevil Marvel Comics Daredevil and Elektra comics Elektra . Stick film Stick film Stick measurement Stick punishment Staff disambiguation Stick Staff stick Walking stick StickMUD , a text based online role playing game Stick shift , a type of vehicle transmission Joystick , an input device commonly used for video games, aircraft and large machinery Pointing stick , a computer input device commonly found on laptops Gold Stick and Silver Stick , bodyguard positions in the British Royal Household Stick Eastlake , a type of architecture Boondocks , also called the sticks, a remote area Candlestick Park , a stadium, nicknamed The Stick A group of paratrooper s See also Sticky disambiguation Styx disambiguation disambiguation cleanup date December 2011 de Stock es Stick ... more details
About the 2006 film the Great White album Stick It album other uses Stick It disambiguation Infobox film name Stick It image Stickit.jpg image size caption Film poster director Jessica Bendinger producer Gail Lyon writer Jessica Bendinger narrator Missy Peregrym starring Jeff Bridges br Missy Peregrym music Michael Simpson producer Michael Simpson cinematography Daryn Okada editing Troy Takaki studio Spyglass Entertainment distributor Touchstone Pictures released 28 April 2006 runtime 103 minutes country Cinema of the United States US language English language English budget 30 million gross 31,976,848 Stick It is an American teen comedy drama film starring Jeff Bridges , Missy Peregrym , and Vanessa Lengies . It was written and directed by Jessica Bendinger , writer of Bring It On film Bring It On the film marks her directorial debut. It was produced by Touchstone Pictures and was released in theatres on April 28, 2006. Plot Haley Graham Missy Peregrym is a rebellious 17 year old who is forced to return to the regimented world of gymnastics after a run in with the law. A judge sentences ... Yang Yun Carly Patterson Nastia Liukin Soundtrack We Run This Missy Elliott Stick It Edit Abra Cadabra Talib Kweli Beware of the Boys Panjabi MC Mundian To Bach Ke FireFire ... not included in the soundtrack, including My Morning Jacket s One Big Holiday . Reception Stick It was released ... title StickIt Box Office ref Stick It received mostly negative reviews from critics, with the Rotten ... stickit Stick It Amg movie 326393 Stick It imdb title id 0430634 title Stick It rotten tomatoes id stick it title Stick It metacritic film id stick it title Stick It mojo title id stickit title Stick It Tcmdb title id 636548 title Stick It Category 2006 films Category English language films Category ... comedy films da Stick It de Rebell in Turnschuhen es Stick It fr Stick It it Stick It Sfida e conquista pl Spadaj pt Stick It ru ... more details
wiktionarypar farming A farm is a section of land dedicated to agriculture . Farming , then, is the practice of cultivating crops or livestock on a farm. Farming may also refer to Gold farming , the act of gathering in game currency and items in a massively multiplayer online game to sell for real world money. The Farming Game , an economic simulation of running a farm. Baby farming was a term used in Victorian Britain to mean the taking in of an infant or child for payment. Factory farming is a term used to describe a set of often controversial practices in large scale, intensive livestock farming. Tax farming is the privatization of tax collection. The term farming out to refers to outsourcing . Compassion In World Farming is a European animal welfare organization. See also Farm disambiguation Farmer disambiguation disambig cy Ffermio de Farming ... more details
Hoe farming is a collective term for certain forms of agriculture. Citation needed date June 2011 In the History of agriculture farming of some early societies , and in some traditional cultures of the recent times or the near past, the tillage was done with simple manual tools like digging stick s or Hoe tool hoes , for example seeding was done manually by making holes for the seeds, putting them inside, then covering them. The precursor to hoe farming may be intensive gathering . ref NaOr77 82 Nagy Oliv rn & Ortutay Gyula eds 1977 1982 see http mek.oszk.hu 02100 02115 html 2 464.html online in Hungarian ref As for its future, it does not necessarily become superseded by applying plough and animal traction , because Ecology ecological factors are also very important. ref Oko konomische Anthropologie Fragen question 33 see http www.pensis.net documente 12schriftlichearbeiten Ethno oekonomische.anthropologie Fragen Luci 250104.pdf online in German ref Even the prevalence of the tsetse fly can matter Citation needed date February 2011 . Also Cultural anthropology cultural factors can be considered for example the local belief system can contain taboo s against animal traction . ref ... gender learning sector agriculture 69.htm online ref Hoe farming often coincides with long ... and the Intensive farming intensification of agriculture . ref PBB87 Pingali & Bigot & Binswanger ... ref Hoe farming may contain slash and burn clearance techniques, but they are not strictly necessary ... farming de Hackbaug rtel Hackbaug rtel included Sub Saharan Africa , Indian subcontinent India ... much more widespread in the past, but could remain dominant against the spread of intensive farming mainly in the tropics . The Isanzu were hoe farming people while the neighboring Hadzabe kept on living ... cite web last Kienzle first Josef title Labour Saving Technologies and Practices for Farming and Household ... Mechanization and the Evolution of Farming Systems in Sub Saharan Africa publisher The Johns ... more details
medtech health news 2001 11 48108 title Molecular Farming Under Fire last Mandel first Charles publisher ...Molecular farming also known as molecular pharming ref cite doi 10.1016 S1360 1385 00 01680 0 ref or biopharming ref cite doi 10.1038 nbt0503 480 ref is the use of Genetic engineering genetically engineered crops to produce Chemical compound compounds with therapeutic value. ref name library cite web url http www2.parl.gc.ca Content LOP ResearchPublications prb0509 e.htm title Molecular farming author Sonya Norris publisher Science and Technology Division Canadian Library of Parliament date 4 July 2005 accessdate 2008 09 11 ref These crops will become biological factories used to generate drugs ... turnsofphrase tp mol2.htm title Molecular farming publisher worldwidewords.org accessdate 2008 09 ... 96d839afe2533d0cc04ccf1c1faf682f title Molecular farming in plants host systems and expression technology ... web url http www.nature.com embor journal v6 n7 full 7400470.html B17 title Molecular farming for new drugs and vaccines publisher nature.com accessdate 2008 09 13 ref Overview Plant molecular farming ... pro.de magazin thema 00178 index.html?lang en title Molecular Farming Plant Bioreactors publisher ... ref name nature Disadvantages While molecular farming is one application of genetic engineering , there are concerns ... name library ref name nature ref name wired ref name BioPro In contrast, molecular farming is not intended ... up in commercial food products. No products produced by plant molecular farming were available in the emerging ... www.in pharmatechnologist.com Industry Drivers Plant molecular farming set to boom title Plant molecular farming set to boom? date 18 Jan 2005 publisher inpharmatechnologist accessdate 2008 09 13 ref Today Molecular Farming is considered big business . According to the Canadian Food Inspection Agency ... percent annually and to reach a market value of 28.6 billion in 2004. ref name wired Molecular Farming ... Official site http www.bio pro.de magazin thema 00178 index.html?lang en Molecular Farming Plant ... more details
Hill farming is extensive farming in Highland geography upland areas, primarily rearing sheep, although historically cattle was often reared more intensive farming intensively . Cattle farming is usually restricted by a scarcity of winter fodder , and sheep stocks, grazing at about 2 hectare s per head, are often taken to lowland areas for fattening . Modern hill farming is often heavily dependent on state subsidy , for example via support from the EU s Common Agricultural Policy . Improved, sown pasture and drained moorland can be stocked more heavily, at approximately 1 sheep per 0.25 hectares. See also Hill Farming Act 1946 Fell farming Pastoral farming Sheepdog trials agriculture stub Category Agriculture Category Farms ... more details
Refimprove date April 2007 File Grabstock.png thumb upright 0.5 Digging stick In archaeology and anthropology a digging stick is the term given to a variety of wooden implements used primarily by List of subsistence techniques subsistence based cultures to dig out underground food such as roots and tubers or burrowing animals and anthills. ref The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Retrieved July 24, 2008, from Dictionary.com website http dictionary.reference.com browse digging stick ref They may also have other uses in hunting, farming or general domestic tasks. They are common to the Indigenous Australians but also other peoples worldwide and normally consist of little more than a sturdy stick which has been shaped or sharpened and perhaps hardened by being placed temporarily in a fire. It is a simple tool device , and has to be tough and hardy in order not to break. In Mexico and the Mesoamerican region the digging stick was used for traditional agriculture such as for cultivating maize, and still is used for agriculture in some indigenous communities. It is known as a coa stick in this area and usually flares out into a triangle at the end. Some newer 20th century versions have added a little metal on the tip. Digging sticks were the most important agricultural digging tools used in Mesoamerica and throughout the ancient Americas. ref http www.mexicolore.co.uk index.php?one azt&two art&tab two&typ reg&id 377 Study the Digging Stick Mexicolore. ref ref http www.mexicolore.co.uk index.php?one azt&two art&id 320&typ reg Uictli Mexicolore. ref References Reflist External links commons category inline Digging sticks Prehistoric technology Category Anthropology Category Stone Age IndigenousAustralia stub archaeology stub agri stub de Grabstock fr B ton fouisseur ru no Gravestokk ... more details
Refimprove date May 2009 Baby farming was a term used in late Victorian Era United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Britain and, less commonly, in Australia and the United States to mean the taking in of an infant or child for payment if the infant was young, this usually included wet nurse wet nursing breast feeding by a woman not the mother . Some baby farmers adopted children for lump sum payments, while others cared for infants for periodic payments. Though baby farmers were paid in the understanding that care would be provided, the term baby farmer was used as an insult, and improper treatment was usually implied. Illegitimacy and its attendant social stigma stigma were usually the impetus for a mother s decision to put her children out to nurse with a baby farmer, but baby farming also encompassed foster care and adoption in the period before they were regulated by British law. Richer women would also put their babies out to be cared for in the homes of villagers. Claire Tomalin gives a detailed account of this in her biography of Jane Austen , who was fostered in this manner, as were all her siblings, from a few months old until they were toddlers. ref http www.washingtonpost.com wp srv style longterm books chap1 janeaustenabiography.htm excerpt from Jane Austen A Biography ref Tomalin emphasises the emotional distance this created. Particularly in the case of lump sum adoptions, it was more profitable for the baby farmer if the infant or child she adopted died, since ... Kingdom Parliament began to regulate baby farming in 1872 with the passage of the Infant Life ... in assisted conception , particularly in vitro fertilization . Baby farming in works of fiction ... film Sparrows 1926 with Mary Pickford was set in a baby farm in the southern swamps. In The Fire ... Cite EB1911 wstitle Baby Farming http www.uoregon.edu adoption topics babyfarming.html Baby farming from the Adoption History Project http www.historytools.org babyfarming baby farming.html BABY FARMING ... more details
File Murray Grey cows and calves.JPG thumb 300px Beef cattle reared in a pastoral farming manner. Pastoral farming alsoggg known in some regions as livestock farming or grazing is Agriculture farming aimed at producing livestock , rather than growing Crop agriculture crops . Examples include dairy farming , raising beef cattle , and raising sheep for wool . In contrast, mixed farming is growing of both crops and livestock on the same farm. Pastoral farmers are also known as graziers and in some cases pastoralists . Some pastoral farmers grow crops purely as fodder for their livestock some crop farmers grow fodder and sell it to pastoral farmers. Pastoral farming is a non nomadic form of pastoralism in which the livestock farmer has some form of ownership of the land used, giving the farmer more economic incentive to improve the land. Possible improvements include Watertable control drainage in wet regions , stock tank s in dry regions , irrigation and sowing clover . Pastoral farming is common in Argentina where it is economically important cn date July 2011 , Australia , Great Britain , Ireland , New Zealand and the Western United States , among other places. References Reflist Category Agriculture by type Category Livestock Agri stub ... more details
Mergeto Roof garden date July 2009 Rooftop farming is the practice of cultivating food on the rooftop of buildings. ref EOS magazine, december 2008 ref ref http www.cityfarmer.info tokyo rooftop and underground urban farming lures young japanese office workers Rooftop farming ref ref http noimpactman.typepad.com blog 2008 06 urban rooftop f.html Urban rooftops ref Rooftop farming is usually done using green roof , hydroponics , aeroponics or air dynaponics systems or container garden s. ref http www.cityfarmer.org rooftopthesis.html Rooftop farming systems ref Besides using the already present space at the roof itself, additional platforms could possibly be created between high rise buildings called aero bridges . ref http www.sip.org.sg uploadPDF How 2520Does 2520Your 2520Market 2520Garden 2520Grow 18Aug09 fellowship .pdf Sing kong Lee advocating aero bridges ref Notable projects http www.eatupag.wordpress.com Eat Up rooftop agricultural resource http www.brooklyngrangefarm.com Brooklyn Grange Rooftop Farm Business in New York City http www.lufa.com Lufa Farms The first commercial rooftop greenhouse, Montr al http www.farmroof.com FarmRoof Rooftop Farms at Greenpoint, NYC http rooftopfarms.org the True Nature Foods Rooftop Victory Garden ref http www.urbanhabitatchicago.org projects true nature foods TNF rooftop farm ref the Changi General Hospital ref http www.greenroofs.com projects pview.php?id 565 Changi General Hospital rooftop farming project ref the http www.cityfarmer.org TrentRoof.html Trent University rooftop farm in Peterborough, Ontario, Canada the http justfood.org ... Works. the Hoogte Kadijk building in Amsterdam Growing Chefs Eko Pilot Site See also Vertical farming Green wall Underground farming Low flow irrigation systems References Reflist External links http www.technologyforthepoor.com UrbanAgriculture Garden.htm Rooftop farming guidebook DEFAULTSORT Rooftop Farming Category Roof garden Category Urban agriculture ... more details
Insect farming is the practice of raising insects for agricultural purposes. It can either be used to fight invasive species, to create industrial products such as petroleum or to grow inexpensive and environmentally sustainable food for humans. ref http discovermagazine.com 2008 may 07 want to help the environment eat insects article view?b start int 1& C Want to Help the Environment? Eat Insects ref ref http www.ifta.com.pg Insect Farming and Trading Agency ref ref http www.seekbooks.com.au book Insect Farming isbn 9780733969423.htm Insect Farming, by Brian Robertson & David Whittaker ref ref http www.ted.com talks marcel dicke why not eat insects.html Marcel Dicke Why not eat insects? ref References references See also Entomophagy Butterfly ranching in Papua New Guinea Insect Farming and Trading Agency insect stub Category Agriculture by type fr levage d insectes th ... more details
Ecological farming is recognised as the high end objective among the proponents of sustainable agriculture . ref http www.greenpeace.to publications Defining Ecological Farming 2009.pdf Greenpeace Report ref The goal of ecological farming is not only sustainable food production, but is to optimise the provision of ecosystem services ref http www.rand.org scitech stpi ourfuture NaturesServices section1.html Rand Report on protecting ecosystems ref , both in the design of the farm and by significant reduction of the ecological footprint made by the post harvest consumers of the farm produce. Benefits Ecological farming involves the introduction of symbiotic species, where possible, to support the ecological sustainability of the farm. Associated benefits include a reduction in ecological debt and elimination of dead zones ref http www.scientificamerican.com article.cfm?id oceanic dead zones spread Scientific American report on dead zones in the sea ref . Ecological farming is a pioneering ... review of the importance of maintaining biodiversity in food production and farming end products ref http news.bbc.co.uk 2 hi science nature 7795652.stm Nature report on traditional farming ecological ... to ecological farming may best utilize the information age, and become recognised as a primary user ... . Challenges The challenge for ecological farming science, is to be able to achieve a mainstream productive food system that is sustainable. To enter the field of ecological farming, location relative ... of the ecological farm is initially constrained by the same limitations as traditional farming ... by ecological farming methods is likely to conserve and increase water availability for the location.. Principles Certain principles unique to ecological farming need to be considered. Food production ... balance ref See also Forest farming Natural farming Permaculture References references Notes references group Notes DEFAULTSORT Ecological Farming Category Sustainable agriculture Agri stub ... more details
Data Farming is the process of using a high performance computer or computing grid to run a simulation thousands or millions of times across a large parameter and value space. The result of Data Farming is a landscape of output that can be analyzed for trends, anomalies, and insights in multiple parameter dimensions. Origins of the term The term Data Farming comes from the idea of planting data in the simulation and parameter value space, and then harvesting the data that results from the simulation runs. Usage Data Farming was originally used in the Marine Corp s http projectalbert.org Project Albert . Small agent based distillation models simulations were created to capture a specific military challenge. These models were run thousands or millions of times at the http www.mhpcc.edu Maui High Performance Computer Center and other facilities. Project Albert analysts would work with the military subject matter experts to refine the models and interpret the results. The http www.nps.edu Naval Post Graduate School also worked closely with Project Albert in model generation, output analysis, and the creation of new Design of experiments experimental designs to better leverage the computing capabilities at Maui and other facilities. Workshops International Data Farming Workshops are held twice each year, in the Spring and Fall. Workshop information, including proceedings from prior workshops and registration information for future ones, can be found at the Naval Postgraduate School s http harvest.nps.edu SEED Center for Data Farming . External links An article summarizing data farming in the http www.afcea.org signal articles templates SIGNAL Article Template.asp?articleid 975&zoneid 158 June 2005 issue of SIGNAL . http www.informs sim.org wsc04papers 100.pdf MITRE Corporation research paper on data farming DEFAULTSORT Data Farming Category Data collection Category Information technology management Compu stub ... more details
Cleanup date April 2010 The agricultural technique known as Wild Farming is a growing alternative to factory farming . Wild farming consists of planting crops that are highly associated and supportive to the natural ecosystem. ref name imh Imhoff, Daniel. 2003. Farming with the Wild Enhancing Biodiversity on Farms and Ranches. Sierra Club Books, San Francisco, CA. ref This includes intercropping with native plants, following the contours and geography of the land, and supporting local food chains. ref name alt Miguel Altieri Altieri, Miguel A. 2000. Ecological Impacts of Industrial Agriculture and the Possibilities for Truly Sustainable Farming. Hungry For Profit. Eds Magdoff Buttel et al. Monthly Review Press, New York, NY ref The goal is to produce large crop yields, while still promoting a healthy environment. Wild farming is a backlash against the dominance of factory farming. Up until the mid 20th century, agicultural crop yields relied on natural inputs such as rainfall patterns, natural soil resources, recycling of organic matter, and built in biological control mechanisms. ref ... fields and use of synthetics pesticides and fertilizers. Avoiding the conventional farming practices, wild farming adopts many practices from sustainable agricultural systems such as agroecology , permaculture , forest farming , and greywater systems. The four basic guiding principles of the wild farming ... supply. Wild farming is a way to maximize crop yields while ensuring that future generations also have ... priorities for wild farming is to help promote and preserve biological diversity among plants and living ... organization involved in the study and promotion of wild farming is the Wild Farm Alliance . The objective ... farmers, farming organizations, and conservation groups can adhere to. The WFA fights for the rights of the small scale farmer who does not rely on the techniques of factory farming. Their platform ... Permaculture Local food Locavores Biodynamic farming References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Wild Farming ... more details
parentheses related to this data. farming Advantages Extensive farming has a number of advantages over intensive farming Less labour per unit areas is required to farm large areas, especially since ... by overuse of chemicals. Disadvantages Extensive farming can have the following problems ref Thomas ... tend to be much lower than with intensive farming in the short term. Large land requirements limit ... with intensive farming Rural life main Rural sociology References Reflist See also Intensive farming Canadian Wheat Board Forest gardening Permaculture Polyculture DEFAULTSORT Extensive Farming ... more details
Fell farming is the farming of fell s, i.e. areas of uncultivated high ground used as common grazing . It is a term commonly used in Northern England , especially in the Lake District and the Pennine Dale origin Dale s. Elsewhere, the terms hill farming or pastoral farming are more commonly used. Animals Animals native to fells, or Sheep husbandry bred for fell farming, include Fell pony Rough Fell Rough Fell sheep Herdwick Herdwick sheep Swaledale sheep Problems As discussed in an article on the Carnegie UK Trust Rural Community Development Programme site ref http rural.carnegieuktrust.org.uk media clips rural futures and fell farming traineeship cumbria Rural Community Development Programme Media Clips Bot generated title ref blockquote The Foot and Mouth outbreak in Cumbria in 2001 led to the culling of over a million sheep. It also showed that the hill fell farming communities were as vulnerable as the pastoral system they have created over many generations. blockquote Beatrix Potter In the latter stages of Beatrix Potter s life, she purchased property in the Lake District bequeathed to the National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty National Trust and now comprising a portion of the Lake District National Park for the purposes of conservation and historical preservation. Her efforts helped to ensure the practice of fell farming remain unspoiled to this day. References reflist External links http www.fellsanddales.org.uk Leader Fells and Dales project http www.roughfellsheep.co.uk The Rough Fell Sheep Breeders Association br Agriculture in the United Kingdom Category Farms Category Agriculture in the United Kingdom UK stub Agriculture stub ... more details
Unreferenced date April 2009 Image Strip farming in Wisconsin, USA, 1957.jpg thumb 300px Strip farming in Wisconsin, USA, 1957 For the Medieval practice of strip farming, see open field system . Strip cropping is a method of agriculture farming used when a slope is too steep or too long, or when other types of farming may not prevent soil erosion . Striely sown crops such as hay , wheat , or other small grains with strips of row crops, such as maize corn , soybean s, cotton , or sugar beet s. Strip cropping helps to stop soil erosion by creating natural dams for water, helping to preserve the strength of the soil. Certain layers of plants will absorb minerals and water from the soil more effectively than others. When water reaches the weaker soil that lacks the minerals needed to make it stronger, it normally washes it away. When strips of soil are strong enough to slow down water from moving through them, the weaker soil can t wash away like it normally would. Because of this, farmland stays fertile much longer. The term strip cropping also refers to a method of dry farming sometimes used in areas including parts of the Great Plains of the United States and the Canadian Prairies Prairies of Canada. To accumulate moisture in these dry areas, cropland is periodically left fallow. Typically, the fallow and planted areas are organized in parallel long, narrow strips that are oriented normal to the prevailing winds, in order to minimize the erosion of soil from the bare fields. Strip farming helps to prevent mass erosion by having the roots of crops hold onto the soil to prevent it from being washed away. Category Agriculture Category Soil de Streifenanbau ko fi Kaistaviljely ... more details
Cleanup date February 2010 Integrated farming or integrated production is a commonly and broadly used word to explain a more integrated approach to farming as compared to existing monoculture approaches. It refers to agricultural systems that integrate livestock and crop production and may sometimes ... movement Integrated Farming is a similar whole systems approach to agriculture. ref Steve Diver s work linking Integrated Farming with Permaculture http attra.ncat.org attra pub perma.html ... Conference in Brazil. ref Report includes reference to presentation on Integrated Farming by permaculture ... at University of California Santa Cruz and Bio dynamic farming also describe similar integrated ... Ocean CSK Chan working with a network of poly culture farming pioneers began refining Integrated Farming practices that had already been developed in south east Asia in the 1960 through the 1980s, building on traditional night soil farming practice. In China, programs embracing this form of integrated farming have been successful in demonstrating how an intensive growing systems can use organic and sustainable farming practices, while providing high agriculture yields. Taking what he ... and forwarded an approach to Integrated Farming which was termed Integrated Biomass Systems working ... of the http www.songhai.org Songhai Farm Integrated Farming project in Benin. ZERI Bag was designed ... role in deploying Integrated Farming so that it can be replicated globally as an effective approach to sustainable farming in non affluent regions such as Vietnam. ref http www.heifer.org site c.edJRKQNiFiG ... www.fao.org docrep X5686E x5686e07.htm Integrated farming of fish, crop and livestock http www.fao.org ... chanarticle.html Integrated Farming System by George Lai Chan http integratedfarming.netcipia.net xwiki bin view Main WebHome wiki on integrated farming http www.songhai.org Songhai Centre ... Economy DEFAULTSORT Integrated Farming Category Sustainable agriculture Category Development Category ... more details
Contract farming is agricultural production carried out according to an agreement between a buyer and farmers .... ref Contract Farming Resource Centre http www.fao.org ag ags contract farming index cf en , FAO, Rome ... used to refer to contract farming operations is out grower schemes , whereby farmers are linked with a large ... and transport. Contract farming is used for a wide variety of agricultural products. File ASSAM LANDSCAPE teaworkerredshirt.jpg thumb right 250px Tea is often grown under contract farming The rationale for contract farming Contract farming is one of the different governance mechanisms for transactions ... to assure full utilization of their plant processing capacity. A key feature of contract farming ..., commercial agriculture . Well managed contract farming is considered as an effective approach to help ... farming The key benefits of contract farming for farmers can be summarized as 1 improved access to local ... Farming These are a few of the models of contract farming that are accepted globally ref name E&S http www.fao.org docrep 004 y0937e y0937e00.htm Charles Eaton and Andrew W. Shepherd, Contract Farming ... of all contract farming models, with a risk of default by both promoter and farmer. ref name E&S ... Issues of concern related to contract farming As with any form of contractual relationship, there are potential disadvantages and risks associated with contract farming. If the terms of the contract ... is perhaps the greatest problem constraining the growth of contract farming. Contractors also may ... concern about contract farming arrangements is the potential for buyers to take advantage of farmers ... ags contract farming index cf en Contract Farming Resource Center http www.iowa.gov government ag ... Agri Pro Focus Contract Farming Further reading http www.fao.org ag ags subjects en agmarket contractfarming.html ..., FAO , Rome, 2005 Rehber, E. Contract Farming Theory And Practice, ICFAI Press, 2007 ISBN 81 314 0620 2 Singh, S. Contract Farming Theory and practice in the 21st Century. Stewart Postharvest Review ... more details
Deleted image removed File Farmingforhealth2005.jpg thumb alt Farming for Health, 2005 Cover photograph of the publication Farming for Health 2005 , by the http www.farmingforhealth.org International Community of Practice Farming for Health Care farming is the therapeutic use of farming practices. Care farms utilise the whole or part of a farm, provide health, social or educational care services for one or a range of vulnerable groups of people and provide a supervised, structured programme of farming related activities. ref http www.carefarminguk.org ref The purpose of care farming is to promote ... CareFarmingScotland.org.uk ref Care farms can provide supervised, structured programs of farming related .... ref National Care Farming Initiative UK ref On a care farm, people, animals and the earth work together ... have lead people to discover the value of care farming and or contributed to how care farming is practiced ... multifunctionality has given a boost to the development of care farming. Farmers are seeking ... number of care farms focus on organic farming . One reason may be the need for extensive manual labour and direct contact with plants or farm animals in the organic farming processes. Another reason ... which will then appear here automatically Reflist External links National care farming organisations and networks http www.ncfi.org.uk National Care Farming Initiative United Kingdom http www.carefarmingscotland.org.uk Care Farming Scotland United Kingdom http www.innpaatunet.no Inn paa tunet Norway ... Other care farming groups http www.farmingforhealth.org International Community of Practice Farming ... Supporting policies for Social Farming in Europe. Progressing Multifunctionality in Responsive Rural Areas Editors Francesco Di Iacovo, Deirdre O Connor, 2009 http www.scribd.com doc 60146090 Farming for Health. Proceedings of the Community of Practice Farming for Health Editor Joost Dessein, 2007 http library.wur.nl frontis farming for health Farming for Health. Green Care Farming Across Europe ... more details
Snow farming is the use of obstacles, equipment and knowledge about management of snow in order to strategically manipulate snow coverage. Often this is done for the purpose of skiing or even preventing snow drift in certain areas like roads. The most popular obstacle is the snow fence , which is used to create drifts and collect more snow in a given area than would otherwise naturally occur. The snow can be moved to other areas and groomed with the use of a snow groomer . Sometimes the snow fence is readily movable in order to maximize the collection of blown snow, despite wind direction changes. gallery Image snowfarming.jpg Snow farming with movable snow fence Image with unknown copyright status removed Image Snowfarming snowfencefeb242009.jpg Snow fence collecting snow deletable image caption 1 subst time l, j F Y 7 days Image Snowgroomer spreading snow.jpg Snow grooming machine distributing farmed snow Image Grooming farmed snow.jpg Grooming farmed snow gallery References reflist External links http www.chssnowmakers.com Snow 20Farming.htm DEFAULTSORT Snow Farming Category Snow ... more details
Ley farming is an agriculture agricultural system where the field is alternately seeded for grain and left fallow. Other name for the method is alternate husbandry . In ley farming, the field is alternately used for grain or other cash crop s for a number of years and laid down to ley i.e. left fallow, used for growing hay or used for pasture for another number of years. After that period it is again ploughed and used for cash crops. During the fallow pasture period the soil is filled with roots of grass es and other plants. New ploughing mixes them with the soil and also increases the amount of nitrogen in the ground, removing need of artificial nitrogen fertilizer s. It also disturbs the life cycle of pest animal pest s. See also Crop rotation Shmita the seventh year of the Jewish seven year agricultural cycle, where the land is left to lie fallow and all agricultural activity&mdash including plowing, planting, pruning and harvesting&mdash is forbidden by Torah law. External links http journeytoforever.org farm library ley leyToC.html Book about Ley Farming by George Stapledon http www.ag.ndsu.nodak.edu dickinso agronomy leyfarming.htm DEFAULTSORT Ley Farming Category Agricultural terminology Category Agricultural economics Category Agronomy agri stub el ... more details
Underground farming is the practice of cultivating food underground. Underground farming is usually done using hydroponics, aeroponics or air dynaponics systems or container gardens. Light is generally provided by means of grow lamp s ref http www.gizmag.com aerofarms urban agriculture 15371 Underground farming lighting system using LEDs ref or daylighting systems as light tube s . ref http www.technologyreview.com blog deltav 25740 Underground lighting ref Sometimes, special modifications are done to improve the system even more. These can include water jacketed lighting system, NFT double pass growing system with moveable racks, ... ref http www.growingedge.com magazine back issues view article.php3?AID 170534 Special features of the South Pole Growth Chamber ref Present systems The Lunar greenhouse is an underground farm made by Phil Sadles and Gene Giacomelli of the University of Arizona s Controlled Environment Agriculture Center CEAC ref http www.space.com 9353 lunar greenhouse grow food future moon colonies.html Lunar greenhouse ref ref Kijk magazine, editie 13, 2010 ref The urine and exhaled air of the astronauts is reused in the system by the plants. ref http www.technologyreview.com blog deltav 25740 Reuse of urine and exhaled air ref See also Rooftop farming References reflist Category Urban agriculture Category Types of garden ... more details
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