stimulus. The threat display of male stickleback is also a fixedactionpattern triggered by a stimulus ... species. Some species have evolved to exploit the fixedaction patterns of other species by mimicry ... Commons category Fixedaction patterns Cited references General John Alcock behavioral ecologist ... Edition . New Jersey Prentice Hall. ISBN 978 013 193163 3 NeuroethologyNavbox DEFAULTSORT FixedActionPattern Category Ethology Category Neuroethology concepts ca Patr fixat de conducta de Instinktverhalten ... by bat s see ultrasound avoidance . Mayflies drop their eggs when they encounter a certain pattern of light .... FAPs are also unusual, in that most behaviors are modulated by the environment a fixed response can ... more details
For fixedpattern noise in video projectors see Screen door effect . Fixedpattern noise is the term given to a particular noise pattern on digital imaging sensors often noticeable during longer exposure shots where particular pixels are susceptible to giving brighter intensities above the general background noise. Fixedpattern noise FPN is a general term that identifies a temporally constant lateral non uniformity forming a constant pattern in an imaging system with multiple detector or picture elements pixels . It is characterised by the same pattern of hot brighter and cold darker pixels occurring with images taken under the same illumination conditions in an imaging array. This problem arises from small differences in the individual responsitivity of the sensor array including any local postamplification stages that might be caused by variations in the pixel size, material or interference with the local circuitry. It might be affected by changes in the environment like different temperatures, exposure times, etc. The term fixedpattern noise usually refers to two parameters. ref Electronic Shuttering for High Speed CMOS Machine Vision Applications http www.automaatioseura.fi jaostot mvn mvn2007 parameter.html ref One is the DSNU dark signal non uniformity , which is the offset from the average across the imaging array at a particular setting temperature, integration time but no external illumination and the PRNU photo response non uniformity , which describes the gain or ratio between optical power on a pixel versus the electrical signal output. The latter can be described as the local, pixel dependent photo response non linearity PRNL and is often simplified as a single ... to reduce or eliminate fixedpattern noise in digital imagers. But it is still tough to reduce ... meroli Lecture Particle Detector Noise.html Fixedpattern noise for Pixel Sensors http ... only at certain, fixed pixel locations. Suppression of FPN FPN is commonly suppressed by flat field ... more details
wiktionary fixedFixed may refer to Fixed EP Fixed EP , EP by Nine Inch Nails Fixed typeface , a collection of monospace bitmap fonts that is distributed with the X Window System Fixed, subjected to neutering Fixed point mathematics , a point that is mapped to itself by the function Fixed line telephone , a landline See also lookfrom intitle Fix disambiguation Fixer disambiguation Fixture disambiguation disambiguation ... more details
2007 A pattern , from the French language French patron , is a type of theme of recurring events or objects, sometimes referred to as elements of a Set mathematics set of objects. The elements of a pattern repeat in a predictable manner. Patterns can be based on a template or model which generates pattern elements, especially if the elements have enough in common for the underlying pattern to be inferred, in which case the things are said to exhibit the unique pattern. The most basic patterns, called ..., like Fern s, generate a pattern using an affine transformation which combines Translation geometry translation , scaling, rotation and Reflection physics reflection . A different kind of pattern generator is a simple harmonic oscillator , which produces repeated movements in time. Pattern matching is the act of checking for the presence of the constituents of a pattern, whereas the detecting for underlying patterns is referred to as pattern recognition . The question of how a pattern emerges is accomplished through the work of the scientific field of pattern formation . Pattern recognition ... follow the N VP noun verb phrase pattern, but some knowledge of the English language is required to detect the pattern. Computer science , ethology , and psychology are fields which study patterns. A pattern has an integrity independent of the medium by virtue of which you have received the information that it exists. Each of the chemical elements is a pattern integrity. Each individual is a pattern integrity. The pattern integrity of the human individual is evolutionary and not static. R. Buckminster ... 1975 , http www.rwgrayprojects.com synergetics s05 p0400.html 505 Pattern Integrity 505.201 ... bee.jpg thumb A honeycomb is a tiling of hexagonal cells, while worker bees form a random pattern of nearly repeating elements on top of it Nature provides examples of many kinds of pattern, including ... a ratio such that a b a a b a b being the golden ratio . This pattern was exploited by Leonardo ... more details
otheruses In The Chronicles of Amber series of fantasy novels, The Pattern is an inscribed labyrinth which gives the Parallel universe fiction multiverse its order. The Pattern The Pattern exists in a huge cavern, in the caves beneath the mountain Kolvir, deep under Amber Castle. The Pattern is a single ... walk along the Pattern to its center in order to gain the power to walk among shadows &mdash Parallel ... the shadows they walk into or that the shadows already exist and that the pattern walker merely enters ... foot upon the Pattern, he must continue following its labyrinthine course to the center stopping for too long, or leaving the pathway of the Pattern, results in a terrible death. Walking the Pattern ... the resistance to let up a bit. Once at the Pattern s center, the walker has acquired the power to walk in Shadow. As well, being at the center gives him the opportunity to command the Pattern to send ... Shadow of a Primal pattern located when the Unicorn of Order leads Corwin to a previously unseen location. The Primal Pattern is guarded by a purple Griffin named Wixer that apparently has also been ..., lost much of his mental faculties. This Primal Pattern is damaged prior to the events of Nine Princes In Amber by the spilling of Amberite blood on the Pattern the blood of Martin, son of Random, Oberon s youngest acknowledged child. Oberon attempts to repair the Pattern, although he realizes the process will kill him. Brand, whom Dworkin acknowledged as his most apt pupil in study on the Pattern ... his own Pattern that there cannot be two such centers of order in the multiverse, and that it is necessary to destroy Corwin s Pattern before he can inscribe his own. However, Oberon successfully repairs the Pattern, and it is seen to coexist peacefully with Corwin s Pattern possibly because both are merely reflections of the Pattern in the Jewel of Judgment. It is implied that nobody could successfully repair the damaged Pattern perfectly , or reproduce it as it originally was and that their own ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2006 Orphan date November 2006 att December 2010 In the process of Software cracking cracking software, a fixed EXE is an executable file that has been changed from the original in interest of bypassing the security or coding intended to prevent free use of software. In some programs, the .exe file contains the code necessary for entering the serial number or prevents the running of the program without the CD present. By fixing the .exe file, the programmer intentionally bypasses these restrictions. Although many legitimate owners of software use fixed EXE s in order to overcome annoyances such as having to find the CD and have it in the computer drive , opponents of the practice argue that the main use is to allow pirated software to work. This action is arguably illegal in many jurisdictions and against many new laws concerning copyright infringement . DEFAULTSORT Fixed Exe Category Software cracking Category Warez Category Copyright infringement of software Category Executable file formats ... more details
orphan date September 2009 noref date March 2012 A fixed expression in English language English is a standard form of Expression language expression that has taken on a more specific meaning than the expression itself. It is different from a proverb in that it is used as a part of a sentence , and is the standard way of expressing a concept or idea . Examples include all of a sudden come into mind fall in line I can assure you so to speak surf the web trinomials 3 word fixed expressions e.g. lights, camera, action , signed, sealed, delivered . Category Parts of speech ling stub ... more details
Image CVP TC FC VC.svg thumb right 240px Decomposing Total Costs as Fixed Costs plus Variable Costs . Along with variable cost s, fixed costs make up one of the two components of total cost total cost is equal to fixed costs plus variable costs. In economics, fixed costs are business expenses that are not dependent on the level of goods or services produced by the business. ref cite book last Dr Jake first Mitchell authorlink Arthur O Sullivan coauthors Alan Price title Economics Principles in Action publisher Pearson Prentice Hall year 2003 location Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 pages 111 ... produced . In management accounting , fixed costs are defined as expenses that do not change as a function ... between variable and fixed. This distinction is crucial in forecasting the earnings generated by various ... of nearly 200 senior marketing managers, 60 percent responded that they found the variable and fixed ... Common Language Marketing Activities and Metrics Project . ref Areas of confusion Fixed costs are not permanently fixed they will change over time, but are fixed in relation to the quantity of production ... unrelated to production and warehouse costs and the like are fixed only over the time period of the lease. By definition, there are no fixed costs in the long run. ref cite book last McEachern first ... to as committed fixed costs. Discretionary fixed costs usually arise from annual decisions by management to spend on certain fixed cost items. Examples of discretionary costs are advertising, machine maintenance, and research & development expenditures. Discretionary fixed costs can be expensive ... of the terms fixed costs, variable costs and others will often differ from usage in economics, and may ... fixed costs to business activities, in effect treating them as variable costs. This can simplify ... volume 1994 issue Fall pages 45 54 ref In accounting terminology, fixed costs will broadly include ... in which fixed costs do not vary in relation to production. In practice, this equivalence does not always ... more details
Fixed point has many meanings in science, most of them mathematical. Fixed point mathematics Fixed point iteration , a general method to compute a function s Fixed point mathematics fixed point Fixed point combinator For Fixed point join in databases, see Recursive join Fixed point arithmetic , a manner of doing arithmetic on computers Benchmark surveying , fixed points used by geodesists For fixed points in physics, see Renormalization group Fixed points are necessary for Mooring watercraft a watercraft to be moored to a quay. Archimedes said , which is sometimes translated as Give me a fixed point and I will move the world. disambiguation Category Mathematical disambiguation es Punto fijo desambiguaci n ... more details
Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 Accounting A fixed liability is a type of debt . Bond finance Bonds , mortgages and loan s that are payable over a term exceeding one year would be fixed liabilities. See also Long term liabilities . DEFAULTSORT Fixed Liability Category Financial terminology accounting stub ... more details
A fixed allele is an allele that is the only variant that exists for that gene in all the population . A fixed allele is homozygous for all members of the population. ref http www.biochem.northwestern.edu holmgren Glossary Definitions Def F fixed allele.html ref The term allele normally refers to one variant gene out of several possible for a particular locus genetics locus in the DNA. When all but one allele go extinct and only one remains, that allele is said to be fixed. References references genetics stub Category Genetics ... more details
Refimprove date June 2007 A fixed interest rate loan is a loan where the interest rate doesn t fluctuate during the fixed rate period of the loan. This allows the borrower to accurately predict their future payments. Variable rate loans, by contrast, are anchored to the prevailing discount rate . A fixed interest rate is based on the lender s assumptions about the average discount rate over the fixed rate period. For example, when the discount rate is historically low, fixed rates are normally higher than variable rates because interest rates are more likely to rise during the fixed rate period. Conversely, when interest rates are historically high, lenders normally offer a discount to borrowers to fix their interest rate over time, as rates are more likely to fall during the fixed rate period. Some fixed interest loans particularly mortgages intended for the use of people with previous adverse credit have an extended overhang , that is to say that once the initial fixed rate period is over, the person taking out the loan is tied into it for a further extended period at a higher interest rate before they are able to redeem it. DEFAULTSORT Fixed Interest fixed interest consist of debentures preferred stocks bonds and all government securities Category Interest rates Category Financial economics Category Financial terminology Econ stub ... more details
Infobox Film name Fixed Bayonets image Fixbaypos.jpg caption Original film poster director Samuel Fuller producer Jules Buck writer John Brophy writer John Brophy novel br Samuel Fuller starring Richard Basehart br Gene Evans br Michael O Shea actor Michael O Shea br Richard Hylton br Craig Hill br Skip Homeier cinematography Lucien Ballard music Roy Webb editing Nick DeMaggio distributor Twentieth Century Fox released 1951 U.S. release runtime 92 min. language English budget gross 1,450,000 US rentals ref Solomon, Aubrey. Twentieth Century Fox A Corporate and Financial History The Scarecrow Filmmakers Series . Lanham, Maryland Scarecrow Press, 1989. ISBN 978 0810842441. p224 ref Fixed Bayonets 1951 is a war films war film written and directed by Samuel Fuller and produced by Twentieth Century Fox during the Korean War . It is Fuller s second film about the Korean War. In his motion picture debut, James Dean appears briefly in the film. Plot The film is set in the first winter of Korean War . The story follows the fate of a lone 48 man platoon left as a rear guard to defend a hill in hostile territory, to cover the withdrawal of their Division military division over an exposed bridge. The subplot explores the psychological makeup of the individuals charged with leadership of the platoon, and therein examines the nature of service and valor. Ultimately command of the platoon falls upon Cpl. Denno Richard Basehart , who has an innate aversion to responsibility for the lives of others. Cast Richard Basehart Cpl. Denno Gene Evans Sgt. Rock Michael O Shea actor Michael O Shea Sgt ... Vogl Glen Corbett as Larry Holden Lieutenant James Dean Doggie uncredited Production Fixed Bayonets ... adviser in the 1958 film Verboten . Fixed Bayonets is also noteworthy as the first appearance ... of action films made during the time, the film had trouble getting some extras for the opening retreat ... Fuller Category American films Category English language films ca Fixed Bayonets de Der letzte ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 File Climber on fixed rope route Piz Mitgel 2.jpg thumb right 220px Climber on fixed rope route Piz Mitgel , Savognin , Grisons , Switzerland Fixed rope is the practice of fixing in place bolted ropes to assist climbers and walkers in exposed mountain locations. They are used widely on American and European climbing routes but disdained by purist Mountaineering mountaineers . Many guided expeditions to any of the eight thousander s normally set up fixed rope on steep or icy sections of the route. For example, on the Hillary Step of Mount Everest , fixed rope is used to reduce the bottleneck of climbers that typically results from climbing this technical section just below the summit. DEFAULTSORT Fixed Rope Category Climbing techniques Climbing stub de Fixseil ... more details
refimprove date April 2010 Fixed capital is a concept in economics and accounting , first theoretically ... capital fixed asset that is not used up in the production of a product and is contrasted with circulating capital such as raw materials, operating expenses and the like. Fixed capital is that portion of the total capital that is invested in fixed assets such as land, buildings, vehicles, plant and equipment ... period. Fixed assets can be purchased by a business, in which case the business owns them, but also leased , hired or rented , if that is cheaper or more convenient, or if owning the fixed assets is practically impossible. Refining the classical distinction between fixed and circulating capital ... rotation speeds turnover time of different types of physical capital assets. Fixed capital also circulates , except that the circulation time is much longer, because a fixed asset may be held for 5, 10 or 20 years before it has yielded its value and is discarded for its salvage value. A fixed ... accounts , http epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu statistics explained index.php Fixed capital fixed capital is conventionally defined as the stock of tangible, durable fixed assets owned or used by resident ..., copyright protected entertainment, literary and artistics originals within the definition of fixed assets. Land itself is not included in the statistical concept of fixed capital, even though it is a fixed ... of land improvements is included in the statistical concept of fixed capital, being regarded as the creation of value added through production. Estimating the value of fixed capital Attempts have been made to estimate the value of the stock of fixed capital for the whole economy using direct ... fixed capital formation , price inflation and depreciation schedules. A pioneer in this area was the economist ... asset figure, and adds on the net additions to fixed assets year by year, while deducting ... index . In this way, one obtains a time series of annual fixed capital stocks. However, it is widely ... more details
Infobox font name Fixed image Fixed sample.png imagesize 138px style Monospaced font Monospace sans serif creator Unknown shown here 5x7, 6x13, 10x20 misc fixed is a collection of Typeface Proportionality ... to a single font family. The misc fixed fonts were the first fonts available for the X Window System ... Corporation DEC . The misc fixed fonts are available under a public domain share and enjoy licence ... 5x7 Misc Fixed Medium R Normal 7 70 75 75 C 50 ISO10646 1 5x8 Misc Fixed Medium R Normal 8 80 75 75 C 50 ISO10646 1 6x9 Misc Fixed Medium R Normal 9 90 75 75 C 60 ISO10646 1 6x10 Misc Fixed Medium R Normal 10 100 75 75 C 60 ISO10646 1 6x12 Misc Fixed Medium R Semicondensed 12 110 75 75 C 60 ISO10646 1 6x13 Misc Fixed Medium R SemiCondensed 13 120 75 75 C 60 ISO10646 1 6x13B Misc Fixed Bold R SemiCondensed 13 120 75 75 C 60 ISO10646 1 6x13O Misc Fixed Medium O SemiCondensed 13 120 75 75 C 60 ISO10646 1 7x13 Misc Fixed Medium R Normal 13 120 75 75 C 70 ISO10646 1 7x13B Misc Fixed Bold R Normal 13 120 75 75 C 70 ISO10646 1 7x13O Misc Fixed Medium O Normal 13 120 75 75 C 70 ISO10646 1 7x14 Misc Fixed Medium R Normal 14 130 75 75 C 70 ISO10646 1 7x14B Misc Fixed Bold R Normal 14 130 75 75 C 70 ISO10646 1 8x13 Misc Fixed Medium R Normal 13 120 75 75 C 80 ISO10646 1 8x13B Misc Fixed Bold R Normal 13 120 75 75 C 80 ISO10646 1 8x13O Misc Fixed Medium O Normal 13 120 75 75 C 80 ISO10646 1 9x15 Misc Fixed Medium R Normal 15 140 75 75 C 90 ISO10646 1 9x15B Misc Fixed Bold R Normal 15 140 75 75 C 90 ISO10646 1 9x18 Misc Fixed Medium R Normal 18 120 100 100 C 90 ISO10646 1 9x18B Misc Fixed Bold R Normal 18 120 100 100 C 90 ISO10646 1 10x20 Misc Fixed Medium R Normal 20 200 75 75 C 100 ISO10646 1 12x13ja Misc Fixed Medium R Normal ja 13 120 75 75 C 120 ISO10646 1 18x18ja Misc Fixed Medium R Normal ja 18 120 100 100 C 180 ISO10646 1 18x18ko Misc Fixed Medium R Normal ko 18 120 100 100 C 180 ISO10646 1 The 6x13 font is usually also available under the alias fixed , a font name that is expected ... more details
Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 Wiktionary A fixed feast is an annual celebration that is held on the same calendar date every year, such as Christmas , as distinguished from moveable feast s, such as Easter , whose calendar date varies. DEFAULTSORT Fixed Feast Category Christian festivals and holy days Christianity stub ... more details
Fixed investment in economics refers to investment in fixed capital , i.e., tangible capital goods real ... capital goods which have been scrapped. Thus, fixed investment is investment in physical assets such as machinery ... sheet will state both the amount of expenditure on fixed assets during the quarter or year, and the total value of the stock of fixed assets owned. Fixed investment contrasts with investments in labour, ongoing operating expenses, materials or financial assets. Financial assets may also be held for a fixed term for example, Bond finance bonds but they are not usually called fixed investment because they do not involve the purchase of physical fixed assets. The more usual term for such financial investments is fixed term investments . Bank deposits committed for a fixed term such as one or two years in a savings account are similarly called fixed term deposits . Statistical measures of fixed ... of output and employment and potential productivity . The more fixed capital is used per worker ... ploughing, unless the labour is extremely cheap, and the supply of labour is plentiful. The level of fixed ... is that they would be unlikely to tie up additional capital in fixed assets for several years ... much uncertainty about whether their fixed investment will pay off, they are unlikely to engage in it. In recent decades, the growth rate of fixed investment in the US, Europe and Japan ... as a ratio between gross fixed capital formation and GDP , or fixed investment per worker employed or per capita . Why fixed? The use of the term fixed does necessarily not mean the asset stays ... rotation of stock and flow flows of capital. Normally, for the purpose of accounting , fixed ... fixed , in the precise sense that the capital is tied up in physical assets for a longer time ... fixed investment may be somewhat ambiguous, because it could refer to the value of a stock of fixed assets being held at a balance date, or to the value of a flow of expenditures on fixed assets across ... more details
Overview Fixed function is a term canonically used to contrast 3D graphics API s and earlier GPU s designed prior to the advent of shader based 3D graphics APIs and GPU architectures. History Historically fixed function API s consisted of a set of function entry points that would approximately or directly map to dedicated logic for their named purpose in GPU s designed to support them. As shader based GPUs and APIs evolved, fixed function APIs were implemented by graphics driver engineers using the more general purpose shading architecture. This approach served as a segue that would continue providing the fixed function API abstraction most developers were experienced with while allowing further development and enhancements of the newer shader based architectures. OpenGL , OpenGL ES and DirectX Direct3D are all 3D graphics APIs that went through the transition from the fixed function programming model to the shader based programming model. Below is a table of when the transition from fixed function to shaders was made class Fixed function to Shader based APIs 3D API Last Fixed function Version First Shader Version OpenGL v1.5 v2.0 OpenGL ES v1.1 v2.0 DirectX v7.0 v8.0 Fixed Function vs Shaders Fixed function API s tend to be a simpler programming abstraction with a series of well defined and specifically named graphics pipeline stages. Shader based APIs treat graphics data vertices and pixels texels generically and allow a great deal of flexibility in how this data is modulated. More sophisticated rendering techniques are possible using a shader based API. Category 3D computer graphics ... more details
Fixed wireless is the operation of wireless devices or systems used to connect two fixed locations e.g., buildings with a radio or other wireless link, such as laser bridge . ref citeweb title Wireless Broadband and Other Fixed Wireless Systems url http www.networkcomputing.com netdesign bb1.html publisher networkcomputing.com accessdate 2008 02 20 ref Usually, fixed wireless is part of a wireless LAN infrastructure. The purpose of a fixed wireless link is to enable data communications between the two sites or buildings. Fixed wireless data FWD links are often a cost effective alternative to leasing fiber or installing cables between the buildings. The Point to point telecommunications point to point signal Data transmission transmission s occur through the air over a Terrestrial radio terrestrial microwave platform rather than through copper or optical fiber therefore, fixed wireless does not require satellite feeds or local telephone service. The advantages of fixed wireless include the ability to connect with users in remote areas without the need for laying new cables and the capacity for broad Bandwidth computing bandwidth that is not impeded by fiber or cable capacities. Fixed wireless devices usually derives their electrical power from the public utility mains, unlike mobile wireless or portable wireless devices which tend to be battery electricity battery powered. Antennas Fixed wireless services typically use a directional radio antenna on each end of the signal e.g. ... connection speeds. Fixed Wireless Broadband With the growing infrastructure of the GSM wireless networks, fixed wireless has also become a viable solution for broadband access. Using the 3G speed and reliability, businesses and homes can use fixed wireless antenna technology to access broadband internet and Layer 2 networks using fixed Wireless broadband . Because of the redundancy and saturation ... wired infrastructure is not yet available, fixed wireless broadband has become a viable option for internet ... more details
Refimprove date June 2007 The term fixed price as in fixed price contract is a phrase used in the English language to mean that no bargaining is allowed over the price of a Good economics good or, less commonly, a Service economics service . As bargaining is very common in many parts of the world, outside of retail store s in Europe or North America or Japan, this makes this an exception from the general norm of pricing in these areas. In the United Kingdom , fixed price has a similar meaning, and commonly indicates that an external party often the government has set a price level, which may not be varied by individual sellers of a good or service. As part of their rule of honesty and plainness, Quakers set a fixed price for their wares. Fixed prices can require more time, in advance, for sellers to determine the price of each item except perhaps at a dollar store . However, the fixed price items can each be purchased faster, but bargaining could set the price for an entire set of items being purchased, reducing the time for such bulk purchases treated as a whole batch. Also, fixed price items can help in pre determining the value of the entire inventory, such as for insurance estimates. Fixed price contract A fixed price contract is a contract where the amount of payment does not depend on the amount of resources or time expended, as opposed to a cost plus contract which is intended to cover the costs plus some amount of profit. Such a scheme is often used in military and government contractors to put the risk on the side of the vendor, and control costs. However, historically ... to work when costs are well known in advance. Some laws have been written which prefer fixed price ... bill requires fixed price contracts.aspx Fixed price contracts required by stimulus law By Matthew Weigelt Feb 17, 2009 ref Tom Enders , Airbus s German chief executive, has noted the fixed price ..., the U.S. A 12 Avenger II development contract was a fixed price incentive contract , not a fixed ... more details
Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Fixed Star Type Album Artist Arthur Loves Plastic Cover Arthur Loves Plastic Fixed Star.jpg Released 2001 Recorded Genre Electronica Length 46 01 Label Machine Heart Music Producer Arthur Loves Plastic Bev Stanton Chronology Arthur Loves Plastic album Last album Second Avenue Detour br 2000 This album Fixed Star br 2001 Next album No Nations, No Peoples br 2002 Album ratings state plain Reviewers rev1 Electrogarden rev1Score favorable ref name electro Fixed Star is the seventh album from Arthur Loves Plastic and was released in 2001. Release notes Ms. Arthur embraces the thrill of the dancefloor in these remixed tracks from Teflon Diva, Slice, and Klondyke 5. Audio previews The album can be previewed in its entirety or downloaded for free from the Fixed Star Internet Archive page. ref name ia http www.archive.org details alp fixedstar Internet Archive Fixed Star page . ref This version of Fixed Star includes full length versions of all the tracks, rather than the segue d versions that appeared on the original release. Track listing tracklist collapsed no headline total length 46 01 all writing Arthur Loves Plastic Bev Stanton title1 Cum2Nite length1 4 06 title2 Bright Lights, Big City length2 4 06 title3 You Won t length3 4 04 title4 No Love length4 4 36 title5 Betrayed length5 3 59 title6 GIAWO length6 3 23 title7 Give Me Hope length7 4 06 title8 Alone length8 3 50 title9 Fixed Star length9 4 11 title10 Ashtray length10 3 56 title11 Hold Me length11 3 15 title12 My Love length12 2 29 References Reflist refs ref name electro cite web first Carl last Jenkinson title Review Fixed Star url http www.electrogarden.com reviews.php?rid 128&sortby work Electrogarden accessdate 23 August 2009 ref External links Audio previews downloads from Fixed Star http www.archive.org download alp fixedstar 01 Cum2Nite.mp3 1. Cum2Nite http ... 08 Alone.mp3 8. Alone http www.archive.org download alp fixedstar 09 Fixed Star.mp3 9. Fixed Star ... more details
A fixed ladder is a vertical ladder mounted permanently to a structure . These ladders are primarily used to access roof s or other structures for industrial purposes. In the United States, these ladders are covered by Occupational Safety and Health Administration OSHA and American National Standards Institute ANSI standards. Components Fixed ladders consist of the following components Rungs all fixed ladders have rungs, dictated by OSHA Standard http www.amezz.com fixedladderoshastandard.html 1910.27 b 1 ii of no more than 12 on center measured as the distance from the centerline of a rung to the center line of the next rung , and at 16 clear width. Side members These are the rails on the side of the ladder that are designed that the foot cannot slip off the end. Stand off brackets Dictated by OSHA Standard http www.amezz.com fixedladderoshastandard.html 1910.27 c 4 stand off brackets must be at least 7 longer than the farthest obstruction for clearance on the back side of ladder. This means that if there is a 4 gutter projecting from the side of a building, a fixed ladder would have to have standoff brackets that were at least 11 7 4 in length. Cages Cages are optional for fixed ladders with a floor to floor elevation of less than 20 , however they are often available for ladders with elevation changes down to 11 . Cages are mandated to begin between 7 and 8 from the ground and extend the entire length of the ladder. Cages can have left hand exits opening in the LH side of cage , right hand exits opening in RH side of cage , top exits for exit through a hatch or floor door , and walk through exits for exit through back side of fixed ladder . Materials Fixed ladders are generally made of steel or aluminum, but can be reinforced polymer, stainless steel, hot dipped galvanized, or wood. See also Ladder Stairway Category Stairways ... more details
Multiple issues unreferenced December 2008 date March 2009 expert Taxation unbalanced December 2008 Taxation A fixed tax is a lump sum tax that is not measured as a percentage of the tax base income, wealth, or consumption . Fixed taxes like a poll tax or sin tax are often considered regressive tax regressive , but could have progressive tax progressive effects if applied to luxury goods and Service economics services . Since citizens share common roads , military protection, policing , and other Civil service government services , some argue that citizens should pay the same amount for basic infrastructure . Fixed taxation removes the moral dilemma of two individuals having to pay significantly different amounts in order to receive the same services, which could be argued as discrimination against economic success. It is argued that a fixed tax can save on tax compliance costs and improves privacy . Unlike proportional taxes , a fixed tax does not necessitate public insight, i.e. governments would not need to know individual income , wealth , or Consumption economics consumption . However, when applied as a precondition of membership in society or on products bought by the poor, it functions as a potentially extreme regressive tax in that it doesn t consider a person s ability to pay unless further adjustments are made e.g. the way that the Australia n Tertiary education fees in Australia HECS HECS system applies tertiary education charges from a fixed schedule, but defers payments according to people s ability to pay by piggybacking payments as a progressively based surcharge on income tax . This can result in the lower income taxpayers paying much higher proportions of their incomes on taxes, incomes that are less disposable in that they must also pay a larger percentage of their incomes on necessities. Because of this, fixed taxes are better suited to funding governments which are not responsible for providing very much for the citizens and therefore do not have ... more details
In computing , fixed float describes a method of representing real number s in a way that number and decimal point value is stored at different location or bytes in a memory allocated to variable unlike floating point . In a typical 4 byte on little endian platform fixed float number lower lsb 2 byets are used to store the decimal part of the number just like integer value. While upper 2 bytes are used to store the part of number before the decimal point. Floating point numbers are, in general, represented approximately to a fixed number of Significant figures significant digits and scaled using an Exponentiation exponent . The base for the scaling is normally 2, 10 or 16. The typical number that can be represented exactly is of the form Significant digits base sup exponent sup Overview Above method of representing the floating point numbers is complex method of representing the floating point numbers, but it we can represent wide range of floating points numbers by this method. As well as it is convenient to manipulate the floating point numbers by this method. It is difficult for human being to convert floating point real numbers in mathematical language number into the format in which they are stored into the memory.As well as it is difficult to convert back floating point, looking its hex or binary value, into the real number.Due to the conversion problem fixed floating point numbers are used. Fixed floating point numbers could be easily converted by the human into its memory representation and from memory representation into the actual number. Memory Layout Here is detailed memory layout of how fixed flaoting point number are stored in memory. Suppose we want to represent the number 23.7. Now in 16 it 23 is represented as 0017. While 7 is represent as 0007 so hex value stored in 4 bytes allocated for fixed float would be 0017 0007. Also if you convert back number which is represented as hex representation in memory 0023 0070. As upper two bytes have value 0023 its ... more details
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