Vein Nerve Lymph MeshName MeshNumber Code TerminologiaHistologica 1 00 01.1.01032 A flagellum IPAc ... body of certain prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The word Wiktionary flagellumflagellum is the Latin word for whip . The canonical role of the flagellum is Animal locomotion locomotion but it also often ... flagellum year 2005 last1 Wang first1 Qingfeng last2 Suzuki first2 Asaka last3 Mariconda ... types of flagellum the prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagella differ greatly in protein composition ... flagellate cell is the mammalian Spermatozoon sperm cell, which uses its flagellum to propel itself ... 2 axoneme found in both flagella and motile cilia undulopodia. Bacterial Image Flagellum base diagram en.svg thumb 350px Flagellum of Gram negative Bacteria image flagella.svg thumb Examples of bacterial ... Physical model of a bacterial flagellum.jpg thumb right Physical model of a bacterial flagellum The bacterial flagellum is made up of the protein flagellin . Its shape is a 20 nanometer thick hollow ... 3 pages 105 9 year 2004 pmid 15196929 doi 10.1016 j.febslet.2004.05.029 ref The bacterial flagellum is driven by a rotary engine the Mot complex made up of protein , located at the flagellum s anchor ... was convert 110 km h abbr on . ref During flagellar assembly, components of the flagellum pass ... biased random walk , with runs and tumbles brought about by rotating the flagellum counter ... have different numbers and arrangements of flagella. Monotrichous bacteria have a single flagellum e.g. ... called polar membrane . Citation needed date January 2009 Amphitrichous bacteria have a single flagellum on each of two opposite ends only one flagellum operates at a time, allowing the bacteria to reverse course rapidly by switching which flagellum is active . Peritrichous bacteria have flagella projecting ... s, have a specialized type of flagellum called an axial filament that is located in the periplasmic ... about in place, resulting in the reorientation of the cell. The clockwise rotation of a flagellum is suppressed ... more details
Taxobox name Autographa flagellum image image width 200px image caption regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Lepidoptera familia Noctuidae genus Autographa species A. flagellum binomial Autographa flagellum binomial authority Walker, 1858 synonyms Plusia flagellum Plusia monodon Plusia insolita The Silver Whip Autographa flagellum is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found from Newfoundland and Labrador Newfoundland west across southern Canada to south eastern British Columbia , south in the east to Maine , Michigan and Wisconsin . There are isolated reports from further south Pennsylvania and Colorado . The wingspan is 35 40 mm. Adults are on wing from June to August depending on the location. There is one generation per year. The larvae feed on Liatris and Helianthus species. External links http www.entomology.ualberta.ca searching species details.php?s 1125 Species info http mothphotographersgroup.msstate.edu species.php?hodges 08916 Images http www.ndsu.nodak.edu ndsu ndmoths names 8916.htm Moths of North Dakota Plusiinae stub Category Plusiini ... more details
flagellum cingulum C.H. Lowe Lowe & W.H. Woodin III Woodin , 1954 Eastern coachwhip, Masticophis flagellumflagellum George Shaw Shaw , 1802 Baja California coachwhip, Masticophis flagellum fuliginosus Edward Drinker Cope Cope , 1895 Lined coachwhip, Masticophis flagellum lineatulus Hobart M. Smith Smith , 1941 Red coachwhip, Masticophis flagellum piceus Edward Drinker Cope Cope , 1892 San Joaquin coachwhip, Masticophis flagellum ruddocki Brattstrom & Warren, 1953 Western coachwhip, Masticophis flagellum testaceus Thomas Say Say , 1823 Image Eastern Coachwhip.jpg center thumb Western ... Reptile Service, Common Snake Myths EMBL species genus Masticophis species flagellum External links ... Kutscherpeitschennatter fr Coluber flagellum ... more details
The P ring is the part of the bacterial flagellum , which is known to be embedded in the peptidoglycan cell wall . Category Bacteria Category Microbiology ... more details
unreferenced date July 2009 The L ring of the bacterium bacteria l flagellum is the ring in the lipid outer cell membrane through which the axial filament rod, hook, and flagellum passes. Category Bacteria bacteria stub ... more details
Coachwhip may refer to a type of whip used by the driver of a horse drawn coach, usually provided with a long lash Masticophis flagellum Coachwhip snake , various North American snakes Coachwhip comics , a character of the Marvel Universe Coachwhips , a noise punk band disambig ... more details
This article was auto generated by User Polbot . Taxobox name Longheaded eagle ray image status EN status system IUCN3.1 regnum Animalia phylum Chordata classis Chondrichthyes ordo Myliobatiformes familia Myliobatidae genus Aetobatus species A. flagellum binomial Aetobatus flagellum binomial authority Marcus Elieser Bloch Bloch & Johann Gottlob Schneider J. G. Schneider , 1801 synonyms The longheaded eagle ray Aetobatus flagellum is a species of fish in the Myliobatidae family. It is found in China , India , Indonesia , and Pakistan . Its natural habitat s are open sea s, shallow seas, subtidal aquatic beds, and estuarine waters. It is a endangered species Source White, W.T. 2005. http www.iucnredlist.org search details.php 60119 all Aetobatus flagellum . http www.iucnredlist.org 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 3 August 2007. Rajiformes stub Category Aetobatus vi Longheaded eagle ray zh ... more details
orphan date December 2011 speciesbox species flagellum fossil range Burgess Shale authority Matthew, 1899 Tubulella is a genus of stem group cnidarian from the Burgess Shale . ref Burgess Shale species 124 ref References reflist Category Burgess Shale fossils paleo stub ... more details
Mastigonemes are Anatomical terms of location lateral hairs found covering the flagellum flagella of heterokont and Cryptomonad cryptophyte algae ref name hoek95 Hoek, C. van den, Mann, D. G. and Jahns, H. M. 1995 . http books.google.co.uk books?id xuUoiFesSHMC&printsec frontcover Algae An introduction to phycology , Cambridge University Press, UK. ref . They are approximately 15 nanometre nm in diameter, and usually consist of a tubular shaft that itself terminates in smaller hairs . It is believed that they assist in animal locomotion locomotion by increasing the surface area of a flagellum. References references cell biology stub Category Algae Category Heterokonts Category Cryptophytes Category Flagellates ... more details
Lowe & Norris, 1955 small Coachwhip, Masticophis flagellum Sonoran Coachwhip, Masticophis flagellum cingulum small Charles Herbert Lowe Lowe & Woodin, 1954 small Eastern Coachwhip, Masticophis flagellumflagellum small George Shaw Shaw , 1802 small Baja California Coachwhip, Masticophis flagellum fuliginosus small Edward Drinker Cope Cope , 1895 small Lined Coachwhip, Masticophis flagellum lineatulus small Hobart Muir Smith Smith , 1941 small Red Coachwhip, Masticophis flagellum piceus small Edward Drinker Cope Cope , 1892 small San Joaquin Coachwhip, Masticophis flagellum ruddocki small Brattstrom & Warren, 1953 small Western Coachwhip, Masticophis flagellum testaceus small Thomas Say Say ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Pedinellales or actinodines is a group of heterokont s. These are found in both freshwater and marine environments, and most genera are sessile, attached by posterior stalks. The flagellum is at the anterior of the cell, and the tentacles surround it, often capturing small prey drawn in by its current. The colored genera are Pedinella , Apedinella , Pseudopedinella , and Mesopedinella . Several more genera have lost their chloroplasts and feed entirely by phagocytosis . These are Parapedinella , Actinomonas , and Pteridomonas . It also appears that certain heliozoa are actually derived pedinellids. Ciliophrys alternates between a mobile flagellate stage and a heliozoan feeding stage, where the body is contracted with extended axopods all over its surface, and the flagellum is curled up into a tight figure eight. The actinophryid s, Actinophrys and Actinosphaerium , exist only in a heliozoan form with no flagellum and with more elaborate bundles of microtubules supporting their axopods. Their inclusion was argued by Mikrjukov and Patterson, who coined the term actinodine to refer specifically to this extended group. The colored pedinellids were originally treated as a family of golden alga e in the order Ochromonadales, promoted to an order Pedinellales by Zimmerman in 1984. Their relationship to the silicoflagellates became apparent some time later, and Patterson defined this rankless group for the two in 1994. Moestrup treated it as the class Dictyochophyceae, previously restricted to the silicoflagellates, while Cavalier Smith defined a new class Actinochrysophyceae for them. Chromalveolata Category Heterokonts ... more details
Image Eukarya Flagella.svg thumb right Schematic of the eukaryotic flagellum. 1 axoneme, 2 cell membrane, 3 IFT Intraflagellar Transport , 4 Basal body, 5 Cross section of flagellum, 6 Triplets of microtubules of basal body. Image Chlamydomonas TEM 09.jpg thumb right Longitudinal section through the flagella area in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii . In the cell apex is the basal body that is the anchoring site for a flagellum. Basal bodies originate from and have a substructure similar to that of centrioles, with nine peripheral microtubule triplets see structure at bottom center of image . A basal body also called a basal granule or kinetosome is an organelle formed from a centriole , and a short cylindrical array of microtubules . It is found at the base of a eukaryotic undulipodium cilium or flagellum and serves as a nucleation site for the growth of the axoneme microtubules. Centrioles, from which basal bodies are derived, act as anchoring sites for proteins that in turn anchor microtubules within centrosomes , one type of microtubule organizing center MTOC . These microtubules provide structure and facilitate movement of vesicles and organelles within many eukaryotic cells. Basal bodies, however, are specifically the bases for cilia and flagella that extend out of the cell. Basal bodies are derived from centrioles through a largely mysterious process. They are structurally the same, each containing a microtubule triplet 9 3 helocoidal configuration forming a hollow cylinder. Regulation of basal body production and spatial orientation is a function of the nucleotide binding domain of tubulin. ref Y. Shang, C. C. Tsao, and M. A. Gorovsky. 2005. Mutational analyses reveal a novel function of the nucleotide binding domain of gamma tubulin in the regulation of basal body biogenesis. J. Cell Biol. 171 6 1035 44. PMID 16344310 ref Flagella are basically attached to the cell membrane from a basal granule. References reflist External links BUHistology 21804loa Ultrastructure ... more details
wiktionarypar sperm TOCright Sperm commonly refers to Sperm cell , the male gamete involved in heterogamous sexual reproduction Spermatozoon zoosperm , a sperm cell propelled by a single flagellum, found in most animals Semen sperma , the bodily fluid containing spermatozoa Sperm may also refer to Sperm album , the second studio album by the German band Oomph Sperm whale , a whale of the Physeteridae family. disamb ... more details
unref date December 2010 italictitle Taxobox image image width 240px caption domain Eukaryota regnum Excavata superphylum Discoba phylum Euglenozoa classis Euglenid Euglenoidea ordo Euglenales familia Euglenaceae genus Phacus genus authority Phacus is a genus of unicellular protist s, of the phylum Euglenozoa also known as Euglenophyta . They are light green and propel them selves be gyrating their body. They have a single flagellum which is often as long as the Phacus body. Category Euglenozoa algae stub ... more details
&ots 6REEg5ZXCH&dq Flagellum 20haereticorum 20fascinariorum&pg PP15 v onepage&q&f false Flagellum haereticorum ... zur Geschichte des Hexenwahns. Bonn, 1901 Biography, pp. 133ff Excerpts from the Flagellum ... History. Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania Press Excerpts from the Flagellum , pp. 169 172 ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Hyperactivation is a type of Spermatozoon sperm motility . Hyperactivated sperm motility is characterised by a high amplitude, asymmetrical beating pattern of the sperm tail flagellum . This type of motility may aid in sperm penetration of the zona pellucida , which encloses the ovum . Hyperactivation could then be followed by the acrosome reaction where the cap like structure on the head of the cell releases the enzymes it contains. This facilitates the penetration of the ovum and fertilisation. Some definitions consider sperm activation to consist of these two processes of hyperactivation and the acrosome reaction Hyperactivation is a term also used to express an X chromosome gene dosage compensation mechanism and is seen in Drosophila. Here, a complex of proteins bind to the X linked genes to effectively double their genetic activity. This allows males XY to have equal genetic activity as females XX , whose X s are not hyperactivated. Mechanisms Mammalian sperm cells become more active when they approach an egg cell in a process called sperm activation . Sperm activation has been shown to be caused by calcium ionophores in vitro , progesterone released by nearby cumulus cells and binding to ZP3 of the zona pellucida. The initial change is called hyperactivation , which causes a change in spermatozoa motility. They swim faster and their tail movements become more forceful and erratic. A recent discovery links hyperactivation to a sudden influx of calcium ion into the tails. The whip like tail flagellum of the sperm is studded with ion channel s formed by proteins called CatSper . These channels are selective, allowing only calcium ion to pass. The opening of CatSper channels is responsible for the influx of calcium. The sudden rise in calcium levels causes the flagellum to form deeper bends, propelling the sperm more forcefully through the viscous environment. Sperm hyperactivity is necessary for breaking through two p ... more details
from a symbiotic spirochete . Bacterial flagellum An approach to the evolutionary origin of the bacterial flagellum is suggested by the fact that a subset of flagellar components is similar to the Type ... that the flagellum evolved from the type three secretory system. For example, the bubonic plague bacterium Yersinia pestis has an organelle assembly very similar to a complex flagellum ... into other cells. It is also a possibility that the flagellum could have evolved from a currently ... needed date November 2007 As such, the type three secretory system supports the hypothesis that the flagellum natural selection evolved from a simpler bacterial secretion system. Archaeal flagellum The recently elucidated archaeal flagellum is analogous, not homologous, to the bacterial one. In addition ... flagellum appears to grow at the base rather than the tip, and is about 15 nanometer s nm in diameter rather than 20. Sequence comparison indicates that the archaeal flagellum is homologous to Type ... Tamang first8 Milton H. last8 Saier year 2007 title Evolution of the Bacterial Flagellum Cumulative ... the evolution of the bacterial flagellum url http www.newscientist.com article mg19726431.900 uncovering ... flagellum evolution Flagellum Evolution at The pandas thumb . Cite web author Matzke NJ month September year 2006 title Evolution in Brownian space a model for the origin of the bacterial flagellum ... Flagellum fr volution du flagelle ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Taxobox image Prorocentrum micans.jpg image width 200px image caption Prorocentrum micans color greenyellow name Prorocentrales domain Eukaryote Eukaryota unranked phylum Alveolata phylum Dinoflagellate Dinoflagellata classis Dinophyceae ordo Prorocentrales familia Prorocentraceae familia authority Friedrich von Stein Stein 1883 subdivision ranks Genera subdivision Haplodinium br Mesoporus br Prorocentrum Exuviaella br Xanthodiscus The Prorocentrales are a small order of dinoflagellates. They are distinguished by having their two flagellum flagella inserted apically, rather than ventrally as in other groups. One flagellum extends forward and the other circles its base, and there are no flagellar grooves. This arrangement is called desmokont, in contrast to the dinokont arrangement found in other groups. Accordingly, the Prorocentrales may be called desmoflagellates, and in some classifications were treated as a separate class Desmophyceae. All members have chloroplast s and a theca, which is composed of two large plates joined by a sagittal suture. This structure is shared with the Dinophysiales , and they are probably sister groups. This does not show up on rRNA trees, which also show two separate groups of Prorocentrum , but they leave their relationships mostly unresolved. Alveolata Category Dinoflagellates ca Prorocentral es Prorocentrales ... more details
Unsourced date February 2012 Image Polar Membrane cut.png right thumb Sketch of a longitudinal ultrathin section through a typical motile bacterium bearing a flagellum and surrounding polar organelle at one end of the cell. Polar organelle also referred to in some microbiological literature articles as polar membrane or polar cap is a specialized region of the lipid cell membrane in bacteria l cells, usually located at or near the so called Cell biology pole s e.g. the ends of a cylindrical cell . This region can easily be distinguished from the normal membrane regions in ultrathin sections of embedded bacteria by electron microscopy when the cell membrane is orientated perpendicular to the viewing direction. There, the membrane appears slightly thickened with a finely frilled layer facing the inside of the cell. It is also possible to isolate these polar organelles from the bacterial cells and study them in face view in negative stain negatively stained preparations. The polar organelle bears a fine array of attached particles in hexagonal close packing and these have been shown to possess ATPase activity. Interestingly, the polar organelle is invariably found in close juxtaposition to the points of insertion of the bacterial flagella into the plasma membrane, especially where multiple flagella bases are grouped in a region of the cell membrane. It may thus be inferred that the polar organelle could be of importance in the supply and transfer of energy to the bidirectional molecular rotational motor situated at the base of each individual bacterial flagellum see also Electrochemical gradient . References DEFAULTSORT Polar Organelle Anatomy stub Category Cell anatomy ... more details
italic title Unreferenced type Chromalveolata date December 2009 Taxobox name Axodines regnum Chromalveolata phylum Heterokont ophyta classis Actinochrysophyceae ordo Dictyochales genus Rhizochromulina Rhizochromulina is an unusual genus of marine heterokont algae, with one species, R. marina . They are colored amoeboids with a single flagellum, and produce distinctive spindle shaped zoospores. These have a cell structure typical of the axodine s. Before it was studied in detail, Rhizochromulina was included among the superficially similar golden alga e in the order Chrysamoebales, but these produce zoospore s which are similar to flagellate golden algae in form. Chromalveolata Category Heterokonts Chromalveolate stub es Rhizochromulinales ... more details
Taxobox color lightgrey name Aeromonadales image Aeromonas hydrophila.jpg image caption Aeromonas hydrophila regnum Bacterium Bacteria phylum Proteobacteria classis Gammaproteobacteria ordo Aeromonadales subdivision ranks Families subdivision Aeromonadaceae br Succinivibrionaceae The Aeromonadales are an order of Proteobacteria , with ten genera in two families ref http www.bacterio.cict.fr classifgeneraorders.html Aeromonadales Aeromonadales List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature ref . The species are anaerobic ref name BergeyGamma George M. Garrity Bergey s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology . 2. Auflage. Springer, New York, 2005, Volume 2 The Proteobacteria, Part B The Gammaproteobacteria ref . The cells are rod shaped. Some species of this order are motil by a single polar flagellum, others are nonmotile. References Reflist Category Proteobacteria Proteobacteria stub de Aeromonadales es Aeromonadales fr Aeromonas ... more details
italic title Taxobox color lightgrey name Burkholderia glathei regnum Bacteria phylum Proteobacteria classis Betaproteobacteria ordo Burkholderiales familia Burkholderiaceae genus Burkholderia binomial Burkholderia glathei binomial authority Zolg and Ottow 1975 br Viallard et al. 1998 synonyms Pseudomonas glathei small Zolg and Ottow 1975 small Burkholderia glathei is a Gram negative soil bacterium . It is motile by using one polar flagellum. The bacterium is pathogen for Asian Rice Oryza sativa ref name Bergey George M. Garrity Bergey s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology . 2. Auflage. Springer, New York, 2005, Vol. 2 The Proteobacteria Part C The Alpha , Beta , Delta , and Epsilonproteabacteria ISBN 0 387 24145 0 ref . References references DEFAULTSORT Burkholderia Glathei Category Burkholderiales proteobacteria stub ... more details
italic title Taxobox regnum Chromalveolata phylum Heterokont ophyta classis Opalinea ordo Slopalinida familia Proteromonadidae genus Karotomorpha genus authority Karotomorpha is a genus of parasite with a flagellum structure. ref Uniprot Taxonomy Genus Karotomorpha http www.uniprot.org taxonomy 376790 ref This organism can infect a variety of higher life forms including a number of amphibian s. For example, this genus is known to be a parasite of the Rough skinned Newt , a widespread newt in the western USA . ref C. Michael Hogan 2008 Rough skinned Newt Taricha granulosa , GlobalTwitcher, ed. N. Stromberg http www.globaltwitcher.com artspec information.asp?thingid 43182 ref See also Protozoa References reflist Chromalveolate stub Heterokont Category Heterokonts Category Parasites ... more details
the nucleus, mitochondrion, golgi apparatus and flagellum. Along with these universal structures ... is found at the base of a cell s flagella and is associated to the flagellum basal body ... include the specialised attachment between the flagellum and the kinetoplast. Flagella All kinetoplastids possess at least one flagellum, species in the order trypanosomatida have one and bodonina have two. In kinetoplastids with two flagella most forms have a leading and trailing flagellum , the latter ... more details
and the cell body attachment of the flagellum . The kinetoplast is found closely associated with the basal body at the base of the flagellum and all species of trypanosomatid have a single nucleus ... from the Greek mastig , meaning whip referring to the flagellum , and a prefix which indicates the location of the flagellum on the cell. For example the amastigote prefix a , meaning no flagellum ... are particularly small and are among the smallest eukaryotic cells. The flagellum is very ... The promastigote form is a common morphology in the insect host. The flagellum is found anterior of nucleus and flagellum not attached to the cell body. The kinetoplast is located in front of the nucleus ..., exhibit this form during their life cycles. The flagellum exits the cell anterior of nucleus and is connected ... end of the body, and the flagellum lies attached to the cell body for most of its length by an undulating membrane. Opisthomastigote herpetomonad . ref name Hoare1966 A rarer morphology where the flagellum ... form Leishmania mexicana . The cell body is shown in orange and the flagellum is in red. 219 ... and the flagellum is in red. 119 pixels m. Image LeishmaniaMexicana ProcyclicTrypomastigote SEM.jpg ... brucei . The cell body is shown in orange and the flagellum is in red. 84 pixels m. gallery ... more details
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