A zoospore is a motility motile asexual spore that uses a flagellum for motion physics locomotion . Also called a swarm spore, these spores are created by some algae , bacteria and fungi to propagate themselves. Flagella There are two types of flagellated zoospores, tinsel or decorated , and whiplash . Tinsellated flagella have lateral Protein filament filament s perpendicular to the main axis which allow for more surface area, and disturbance of the medium, giving it the property of a rudder , that is, the purpose of being used for steering. Whiplash flagella are straight, to power the zoospore through its medium. There is also the default zoospore, which only has the propelling, whiplash flagella. Both tinsel and whiplash flagella beat in a sinusoidal wave pattern, but when both are present, the tinsel will beat in the opposite direction of the whiplash, to give 2 axes of control of motility . There can be many combinations for location of the flagella, such as posterior tinsel posterior whiplash, anterior tinsel and anterior whiplash. Oomycetes and heterokont algae produce distinct bi flagellated zoospores The phyla Chytridiomycota Kingdom Fungi , Oomycota Kingdom Chromista , and Hyphochytridiomycota within Kingdom Chromista , produce zoospores with flagella in the same order as described above e.g. Hyphochytridiomycota produces anterior whiplash and none else . These phyla number 1000 , 580 and 16 species respectively. Zoosporangium A zoosporangium is the sexual structure in which the zoospores develop in a plant, fungi, or protists such as the oomycota See also Portal Fungi Gametangium Flagellum Fern Angiosperm Chytridiomycota References C.J. Alexopolous, Charles W. Mims, M. Blackwell et al., Introductory Mycology, 4th ed. John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken NJ, 2004 ISBN 0 471 52229 5 Category Mycology Category Fungal morphology and anatomy ca Zo spora de Zoospore es Zoospora fr Zoospore id Zoospora nl Zo spore pl P ywka ru simple Zoospore uk ... more details
Taxobox color khaki name Trichomonads image Trichomonas Giemsa DPDx.JPG domain Eukaryote Eukaryota unranked phylum Excavata phylum Metamonad a classis Parabasalid Parabasalia ordo Trichomonadida ordo authority Brugerolle & Lee 2000 subdivision ranks families subdivision Calonymphidae br Cochlosomatidae br Devescovinidae br Monocercomonadidae br Trichomonadidae The trichomonads are an order of anaerobic protist s, included with the parabasalid s. Most are either parasite s or other endosymbiont s of animals. They typically have four to six flagellum flagella at the cell s apical pole, one of which is recurrent that is, it runs along a surface wave, giving the aspect of an undulating membrane. Like other parabasalids they typically have an axostyle , pelta , costa body costa and Basal body parabasal bodies . In Histomonas there is only one flagellum and a reduced axostyle, and in Dientamoeba both are absent. Trichomonads reproduce by a special form of longitudinal binary fission fission , leading to large numbers of trophozoite s in a relatively short time. Microbial cyst Cysts never form, so transmission from one host to another is always based on direct contact between the sites they occupy. Some organisms in this order include Trichomonas vaginalis , an organism living inside the vagina of humans Dientamoeba fragilis , parasitic ameboid in humans Histomonas meleagridis , parasite that causes blackhead disease in poultry. Mixotricha paradoxa , a symbiotic organism inside termites, host of Endosymbiosis endosymbionts . External links http parasitology.informatik.uni wuerzburg.de login n h 1484.html General info Excavata Category Metamonads cs Trichomon dy es Trichomonadida ja ... more details
italic title Taxobox image image width image caption name Pedinella regnum Chromalveolata phylum Heterokont ophyta classis Dictyochophyceae ordo Pedinellales familia Pedinellales genus Pedinella genus authority A. V. Vysotskij Vysotskij Pedinella is a small, unicellular plankton ic or attached, flagella ted Heterokont first described in 1888 by A. V. Vysotskij. ref name BritishIsles Cite book last1 John first1 D. I. last2 Whitton first2 Brian A. last3 Brook first3 Alan J. title The freshwater algal flora of the British Isles an identification guide to freshwater and terrestrial algae year 2002 publisher Cambridge University Press location Cambridge, U.K. isbn 978 0 521 77051 4 pages ref The genus is monospecific, and the single species is Pedinella hexacostata Vysotskij. ref name BritishIsles Pedinella has an inverted bell or apple shape with a stalk arising from the posterior end, and has a single, long, ribbon like, apical flagella flagellum and, a second apical flagellum that is reduced to its basal body. ref name BritishIsles ref name Phycology Cite book last1 Lee first1 Robert E. title Phycology year 1999 publisher Cambridge University Press location Cambridge, England isbn 978 0 521 63883 8 pages ref The cells are radially symmetrical, with a large central nucleus, surrounded equatorially by a number of chloroplast s that cause the body to bulge out where the plastids are pushed up against the plasma membrane . ref name BritishIsles ref name Phycology The organism is found in freshwater and brackish freshwater habitats. Pedinella is a mixotroph and functions through either photosynthesis or by ingesting organic substances from its environment. References reflist Heterokont Category Heterokonts Chromalveolate stub ... more details
Dead end date April 2012 Methyl accepting chemotaxis protein MCP is a transmembrane sensor protein of bacteria. Use of the MCP allows bacteria to detect concentrations of molecules in the extracellular matrix so that the bacteria may smooth swim or tumble accordingly. If the bacteria detects rising levels of attractants nutrients or declining levels of repellents toxins , the bacteria will continue swimming forward, or smooth swimming. If the bacteria detects declining levels of attractants or rising levels of repellents, the bacteria will tumble and re orient itself in a new direction. In this manner, a bacteria may swim towards nutrients and away from toxins. Structure The MCP consists of a transmembrane receptor and a helix hairpin structure in the cytoplasmic side. The helix hairpin contains a region rich in glutamate that functions as a means of adaptation by methylation or demethylation of the glutamate residues. MCP s form dimers. Three dimers of MCP are held together by CheY to form hexamers. Hexamers are held together by CheA to form lattices. Function Binding a ligand causes a conformational change in the MCP receptor which translates down the hairpin structure. At the tip of the hairpin are two proteins that associate to the MCP CheW and CheA. CheA acts as the sensor kinase. CheA has kinase activity and autophosphorylates itself on a histidyl residue with activated by the MCP. CheW is believed to be a transducer of the signal from the MCP to CheA. Phosphorylated CheA is active so it phosphorylates CheY, the activator response regulator. Phosphorylated CheY is active so it phosphorylates the basal body which is connected to the flagellum. Phosphorylation of the basal body acts as a flagellar switch and changes the direction of rotation of the flagellum. This change in direction allows for alternation between smooth swim and tumbling. External links Commons category Methyl accepting chemotaxis protein Category Bacterial proteins Category Transmembrane recep ... more details
A fimbria plural fimbriae is a Latin word that literally means fringe. It is commonly used in science and medicine, with its meaning depending on the field of study or the context. In particular, it can refer to Fimbria bacteriology , a proteinaceous appendage in many gram negative bacteria that is thinner and shorter than a flagellum Fimbria neuroanatomy , a prominent band of white matter along the medial edge of the hippocampus in the brain Fimbria female reproductive system , a fringe of tissue near the ovary leading to the fallopian tube Fimbria in entomology, a fringe of seta e, usually along the margin of a segment Fimbria genus , a genus of clams Roman name As a Roman cognomen , Fimbria can refer to Gaius Flavius Fimbria consul 104 BCE Gaius Flavius Fimbria d. 84 BCE , son of the consul of 104 BCE Disambig bg de Fimbrie fr Fimbria it Fimbria pl Fimbrie sk Fimbria zh ... more details
italic title Unreferenced date July 2009 Taxobox color lightgrey name Parvularcula regnum Bacterium Bacteria phylum Proteobacteria classis Alpha Proteobacteria ordo Parvularculales familia Parvularculaceae genus Parvularcula species P. bermudensis binomial Parvularcula bermudensis binomial authority Cho and Giovannoni, 2003 Parvularcula bermudensis is a marine bacterium which was identified in 2003 in the western Sargasso Sea in the Atlantic Ocean . It forms a deep branch in the Alpha Proteobacteria, distinct from the other orders. Parvularcula isolates are Gram negative , strictly aerobic organism aerobic , chemoheterotroph ic, slightly motile short rods with a single flagellum . Colonies on marine agar are very small 0 3 0 8 mm in diameter , yellowish brown and very hard. They are oxidase positive and catalase negative. Category Proteobacteria Proteobacteria stub de Parvularcula bermudensis es Parvularcula uk Parvularcula bermudensis ... more details
File Leishmania amastigotes.jpg thumb 210px Amastigotes, the intracellular form of the mammalian stage of the parasite life that replicates. ref cite journal last Kahn first S authorlink coauthors M Wleklinski, A Aruffo, A Farr, D Coder and M Kahn year 1995 month title Trypanosoma cruzi amastigote adhesion to macrophages is facilitated by the mannose receptor trans title journal Journal of Experimental Medicine volume 182 issue 3 pages 1243 1258 accessdate 2009 09 17 quote pmc 2192192 doi 10.1084 jem.182.5.1243 pmid 7595195 ref An amastigote is a cell that does not have a visible external flagellum flagella or cilium cilia . The term is used mainly to describe a certain phase in the life cycle of Trypanosomatid trypanosome protozoans. It is also called the leishmanial stage, since in Leishmania it is the form the parasite takes in the vertebrate host, but occurs in all trypanosome genera. References Reflist Category Protista protist stub ca Amastigot de Amastigot ps pt Amastigoto ... more details
spermia Asthenozoospermia or asthenospermia is the medical term for reduced spermatozoon sperm motility . Complete asthenozoospermia, that is, 100 immotile spermatozoa in the ejaculate, is reported at a frequency of 1 of 5000 men. ref name Ortega2011 cite doi 10.1093 humupd dmr018 ref Causes of complete asthenozoospermia include metabolic deficiencies , ultrastructural abnormalities of the sperm flagellum and necrozoospermia . ref name Ortega2011 It decreases the sperm quality and is therefore one of the major causes of infertility or reduced fertility in men. A method to increase the chance of pregnancy is intracytoplasmic sperm injection ICSI . ref name Ortega2011 The percentage of viable spermatozoa in complete asthenozoospermia varies between 0 and 100 . ref name Ortega2011 References reflist External links http www.gpnotebook.co.uk cache 1805254731.htm GP Notebook http www.fertilitynetwork.com articles articles unexplained.htm Fertility network Category Testicular infertility factors disease stub Male diseases of the pelvis and genitals nl Asthenozo spermie ja pl Asthenozoospermia pt Astenozoospermia zh ... more details
An ATP Binding Motif is a specific sequence of protein subunits and hence genomic DNA base pair s that promotes the attachment of Adenosine triphosphate ATP to a target protein. An ATP binding site is a protein micro environment where ATP is captured and hydrolysis hydrolyzed to Adrian Peterson ADP , releasing energy that is utilized by the protein to do work by changing the protein shape and or making the enzyme catalytically active. The same ATP binding motif is used in many proteins hence a motif that is similar across a range of proteins. The genetic and functional similarity of such a motif demonstrates micro evolution proteins have co opted the same binding sequence from other enzymes rather than developing them independently. ATP binding sites, which may be representative of an ATP binding motif, are utilized on many proteins which perform function requiring an input of energy from ATP . Such sites are located on active membrane transporters, Microtubule subunits, flagellum proteins, and various hydrolytic and proteolytic enzymes. References Category Protein domains ... more details
italic title Taxobox color khaki name Bodo saltans regnum Protist a phylum Euglenozoa classis Kinetoplastid Kinetoplastea ordo Bodonida genus Bodo genus Bodo species B. saltans binomial Bodo saltans Bodo saltans , also published as Pleuromonas jaculans , is a free living nonparasitic species of kinetoplastid flagellate protozoa n that is distinguished by the organism s feeding upon bacteria. B. saltans can be found widely distributed throughout the world in both freshwater and marine environments. B. saltans is a single celled bean shaped organism 4 to 5 micrometers in length. It has two flagella a short anterior projecting flagellum and a longer posterior projecting flagellum without hairs acronematic that extends beyond the length of the cell. B. saltans secures itself to the substrate of its aquatic habitat by the tip of a posterior flagellum. Flexing of the posterior flagellum results in a twitching, jumping movement that is characteristic of this species. This type of movement is appears similar to the undulating membrane of the sexually transmitted pathogen Trichomonas vaginalis and can result in a false positive diagnosis in cases where B. saltans is a contaminant in test samples, especially if a nonsterile Saline medicine saline solution has been used. Phylogenetics Phylogenetic analysis of the Mitochondrion mitochondrial RNA editing process and inferred protein sequences in B. saltans appear to show that B. saltans diverged early on from the evolutionary line of kinetoplastids and that this species of bodonid is more closely related to the Trypanosomatid trypanosomatids than at least two species of parasitic bodonids of the genus Cryptobia . Analysis based on the sequence of the Topoisomerase topoisomerase II topo II gene provides evidence that B. saltans is a predecessor of the trypanosomatids. Commonly, the molecules of mitochondrial DNA in eukaryotes is circular and replication and transcription result in topological stress that is mitigated by enzymes c ... more details
italic title Taxobox color lightgrey name Halomonas halodurans regnum Bacterium Bacteria phylum Proteobacteria classis Gammaproteobacteria ordo Oceanospirillales familia Halomonadaceae genus Halomonas binomial Halomonas halodurans binomial authority Hebert and Vreeland 1987 Halomonas halodurans is a Gram negative halophilic Proteobacteria . The bacterium is motile by using a single polar Flagellum ref name BergeyGamma George M. Garrity Bergey s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology . 2. Auflage. Springer, New York, 2005, Volume 2 The Proteobacteria, Part B The Gammaproteobacteria ref . The name Pseudomonas halodurans is a Synonym taxonomy synonym ref name Synonym ANA MARIE HEBERT AND RUSSELL H. VREELAND Phenotypic Comparison of Halotolerant Bacteria Halomonas halodurans sp. nov. norn. rev. comb. nov International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, Oct. 1987, p. 347 350. http ijs.sgmjournals.org content 37 4 347.full.pdf Online PDF ref References Reflist Category Proteobacteria Proteobacteria stub ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Sphingomonas paucimobilis regnum Bacteria phylum Proteobacteria classis Alpha Proteobacteria ordo Sphingomonadaceae Sphingomonadales familia Sphingomonadaceae genus Sphingomonas binomial Sphingomonas paucimobilis binomial authority Holmes et al. 1977 br Yabuuchi et al. 1990 synonyms Pseudomonas paucimobilis small Holmes et al. 1977 small Sphingomonas paucimobilis is an aerobic Gram negative soil bacillus that has a single polar flagellum with slow motility. S. paucimobilis is able to degrade lignin related biphenyl chemical compounds ref http aem.highwire.org cgi content abstract 64 7 2520 Cloning of a Sphingomonas paucimobilis SYK 6 Gene Encoding a Novel Oxygenase That Cleaves Lignin Related Biphenyl and Characterization of the Enzyme. Xue Peng, Takashi Egashira, Kaoru Hanashiro, Eiji Masai, Seiji Nishikawa, Yoshihiro Katayama, Kazuhide Kimbara and Masao Fukuda, Appl Environ Microbiol, July 1998, p. 2520 2527, Vol. 64, No. 7 ref . References reflist Category Proteobacteria Proteobacteria stub ko pl Sphingomonas paucimobilis ... more details
Taxobox image regnum Bacteria phylum Proteobacteria classis Gammaproteobacteria ordo Thiotrichales familia Piscirickettsiaceae genus Methylophaga subdivision ranks Species subdivision Methylophaga alcalica M. alcalica br Methylophaga aminisulfidivorans M. aminisulfidivorans br Methylophaga lonarensis M. lonarensis br Methylophaga marina M. marina br Methylophaga muralis M. muralis br Methylophaga sulfidovorans M. sulfidovorans br Methylophaga thalassica M. thalassica br Methylophaga thiooxydans M. thiooxydans br italic title The genus Methylophaga consists of halophilic methylotrophic bacteria , many of which were isolated from marine environments. The cells are rod shaped. ref name Bergey Garrity, George M. 2005 . Bergey s manual of systematic bacteriology, Volume Two The Proteobacteria, Part B The Gammaproteobacteria. New York Springer ISBN 0 387 24144 2. ref They are motile by one polar flagellum . ref name Bergey References Reflist Category Proteobacteria bacteria stub ... more details
Taxobox image image caption regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Fly Diptera subordo Brachycera infraordo Tabanomorpha superfamilia Tabanoidea familia Rhagionidae subfamilia Rhagioninae genus Stylospania genus authority Heinrich Frey Frey , 1954 synonyms type species Stylospania lancifera type species authority Richard Karl Hjalmar Frey Frey , 1954 subdivision ranks Species subdivision See Text Stylospania is a genus of snipe fly of the family Rhagionidae . The genus is based on one single male specimen collected from Samar in the Philippines . It bears most of the features found in Chrysopilus , but with its stylate flagellum . The female of the genus is completely unknown. Stylospania lancifera is a delicate little fly of 4.5 mm. Species Stylospania lancifera S. lancifera small Heinrich Frey Frey , 1954 small References reflist Category Rhagionidae Category Diptera of Asia ... more details
primarysources BLP yes date January 2012 Scott A. Minnich is an associate professor of microbiology at the University of Idaho , and a fellow at the Discovery Institute s Center for Science and Culture . Minnich s research interests are temperature regulation of Yersinia enterocolitica gene expression and coordinate reciprocal expression of flagellar and virulence genes. ref http www.ag.uidaho.edu mmbb minnich.asp Homepage , University of Idaho website, accessed 22 October 2006 ref Biography Minnich is a proponent of intelligent design , and supports Michael Behe s thesis of irreducible complexity in flagellum bacterial flagella as evidence of intelligent design . ref http www.apologetics.org products bacterialflagella video.htm Promotional page for Bacterial Flagella A Paradigm for Design , Scott A. Minnich, accessed 22 October 2006 ref ref http www.talkdesign.org faqs flagellum background.html Background to Evolution in Brownian space a model for the origin of the bacterial flagellum , N. J. Matzke, September 2006, accessed 22 October 2006 ref Minnich testified in favor of the defendants in Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District , a 2005 federal court case regarding the teaching of intelligent design at the high school level. ref http www.talkorigins.org faqs dover day20pm.html day20pm30 Testimony of Scott Minnich, Kitzmiller v. Dover ref In 2004 Minnich and Stephen C. Meyer presented a paper to an engineering conference, the Second International Conference on Design & Nature, entitled Genetic Analysis of Coordinate Flagellar and Type III Regulatory Circuits . ref http www.discovery.org scripts viewDB index.php?command view&id 2181 Genetic Analysis of Coordinate Flagellar and Type III Regulatory Circuits ref The Discovery Institute lists this as one of its Peer Reviewed & Peer Edited Scientific Publications Supporting the Theory of Intelligent Design . ref http www.discovery.org scripts viewDB index.php?command view&id 2640 Peer Reviewed & Peer Edited Scientific ... more details
of the flagellum and of a cytochrome oxidase of the cbb3 kind. Midichloria and the origin of mitochondria ... on the fact that the Midichloria genes for the flagellum and for the cbb3 cytochrome oxidase were ... evidence for the presence of a flagellum and cbb3 oxidase in the free living mitochondrial ancestor ... more details
is adhering to and partially inside the penial complex. Flagellum has ca. 1 5 the total length ... distally. In the specimen dissected, a chitinous spermatophore was being formed with the shape of flagellum and epiphallus, its initial stage inside the flagellum and extending to the distal part of the penis ... more details
1.4 micrometre m in size with a barely discernible flagellum . Colonies of Bdellovibrio show up ... is the sheath that covers its flagellum. This is a rare characteristic among bacteria. Flagellar ... flagellum with a characteristic dampened filament waveform. After a collision, the Bdellovibrio ... irreversibly attached via the pole opposite the flagellum. Once inside the periplasm, the Bdellovibrio ... more details
BFM may refer to Flagellum Bacterial Flagellar Motor Burnt Face Man, an ongoing web cartoon by David Firth 2BFM, a community radio station in Bankstown, New South Wales BFM radio , New Zealand radio station BFM 89.9 , a Malaysian business radio station BFM TV , French 24 hour television news channel Background field method , useful procedure to calculate the effective action of a quantum field theory Bahrain Freedom Movement Baitul Futuh Mosque, London. Baltic Film and Media School Baptist Faith and Message Basic fighter maneuvers Big Furry Monster , a set of two Magic the Gathering cards that make up one creature. Bond fluctuation model , a model for simulating dynamic polymer systems. Bonded Fibre Matrix , type of hydroseeding mulch used for erosion control Brasserie des Franches Montagnes , a small Switzerland Swiss brewery. Brave Fencer Musashi , action role playing game by Square Bus Functional Model Mobile Downtown Airport , in Mobile, Alabama IATA Airport Code Ben Franklin Mob Hash House Harriers, the Philadelphia , Pennsylvania branch of the Hash House Harriers Bill Fucking Murray disambig de BFM fa BFM fr BFM homonymie it BFM ... more details
Taxobox color lightgrey name Alteromonadales image Shewanella oneidensis.png image width 250px image caption Shewanella oneidensis regnum Bacterium Bacteria phylum Proteobacteria classis Gamma Proteobacteria ordo Alteromonadales subdivision ranks Families subdivision Alteromonadaceae br Pseudoalteromonadaceae br Colwelliaceae br Shewanella ceae br Moritella ceae br Ferrimonas Ferrimonadaceae br Idiomarina ceae br Psychromonas Psychromonadaceae The Alteromonadales are an order of Proteobacteria . Although they have been treated as a single family, the Alteromonadaceae , they were divided into eight by Ivanova et al. in 2004. The cells are straight or curved rods. They are motil by the use of a single flagellum . Most of the species are marine. References George M. Garrity Bergey s manual of systematic bacteriology . 2. Auflage. Springer, New York, 2005, Volume 2 The Proteobacteria, Part B The Gammaproteobacteria Elena P. Ivanova, Sebastien Flavier, and Richard Christen. 2004 . Phylogenetic relationships among marine Alteromonas like proteobacteria emended description of the family Alteromonadaceae and proposal of Pseudoalteromonadaceae fam. nov., Colwelliaceae fam. nov., Shewanellaceae fam. nov., Moritellaceae fam. nov., Ferrimonadaceae fam. nov., Idiomarinaceae fam. nov. and Psychromonadaceae fam. nov. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54 1773 1788. Proteobacteria stub Category Proteobacteria Category Alteromonadales de Alteromonadales es Alteromonadales ... more details
Refimprove type bacteria date December 2009 Taxobox color lightgrey name Piscirickettsiaceae regnum Bacterium Bacteria phylum Proteobacteria classis Gamma Proteobacteria ordo Thiotrichales familia Piscirickettsiaceae subdivision ranks Genera subdivision Cycloclasticus br Hydrogenovibrio br Methylophaga br Piscirickettsia br Thioalkalimicrobium br Thiomicrospira The Piscirickettsiaceae are a family of Proteobacteria . All species are aerobe and found in water . ref George M. Garrity Bergey s manual of systematic bacteriology. 2. Auflage. Springer, New York, 2005, Volume 2 The Proteobacteria, Part B The Gammaproteobacteria ref The species Piscirickettsia salmonis is a fish pathogen bacteria and causes Piscirickettsiosis in salmonid sh . ref Martin Dworkin, Stanley Falkow, Eugene Rosenberg, Karl Heinz Schleifer, Erko Stackebrandt The Prokaryotes, A Handbook of the Biology of Bacteria . Volume 5 Proteobacteria Alpha and Beta Subclasses ISBN 978 0 387 25495 1 ref It lives in cells of infected hosts and can t be cultured on arti cial media. Piscirickettsia salmonis is non motile, whereas the other five generas are motile by using a single flagellum . None of them are pathogens. References reflist External links http www.daff.gov.au animal plant health pests diseases weeds aquatic animal diseases significant to australia identification field guide diseases of finfish bacterial diseases of finfish piscirickettsiosis Piscirickettsiosis Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry http www.bacterio.cict.fr p piscirickettsiaceae.html Piscirickettsiaceae J.P. Euz by List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature Category Proteobacteria Proteobacteria stub ... more details
Taxobox color lightgrey name Ectothiorhodospiraceae regnum Bacterium Bacteria phylum Proteobacteria classis Gammaproteobacteria ordo Purple sulfur bacteria Chromatiales familia Ectothiorhodospiraceae subdivision ranks Genera subdivision Alkalilimnicola br Alkalispirillum br Aquisalimonas br Arhodomonas br Ectothiorhodosinus br Ectothiorhodospira br Halorhodospira br Natronocella br Nitrococcus br Thioalkalispira br Thioalkalivibrio br Thiohalospira br Thiorhodospira The Ectothiorhodospiraceae are a family of purple sulfur bacteria , distinguished by producing sulfur globules outside of their cells ref name BergeyGamma George M. Garrity Bergey s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology . 2. Auflage. Springer, New York, 2005, Volume 2 The Proteobacteria, Part B The Gammaproteobacteria ref . The cells are rod shaped, vibrioid or spirilla and are able to move by using flagellum flagella . In general, they are marine and prefer anaerobic conditions ref name BergeyGamma . Like all purple sulfur bacteria , they are capable of photosynthesis . References Reflist External links http www.bacterio.cict.fr e ectothiorhodospiraceae.html LPNS J.P. Euz by List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature Category Proteobacteria Proteobacteria stub ca Ectotiorodospir cia de Ectothiorhodospiraceae es Ectothiorhodospiraceae ... more details
Taxobox color khaki name Retortamonads domain Eukaryote Eukaryota unranked phylum Excavata phylum Metamonad a ordo Retortamonadida subdivision ranks Genera subdivision Retortamonas br Chilomastix The retortamonads are a small group of flagellate s, mostly found in the intestines of animals, although some are free living. They are usually around 5 20 &mu m in length. There are two genera Retortamonas with two flagella, and Chilomastix with four. In both cases there are four basal bodies anterior to a prominent feeding groove, and one flagellum is directed back through the cell, emerging from the groove. The retortamonads lack both mitochondrion mitochondria and golgi apparatus . They are close relatives of the diplomonad s, ref name pmid12270904 cite journal author Simpson AG, Roger AJ, Silberman JD, et al. title Evolutionary history of early diverging eukaryotes the excavate taxon Carpediemonas is a close relative of Giardia journal Mol. Biol. Evol. volume 19 issue 10 pages 1782 91 year 2002 month October pmid 12270904 doi url http mbe.oxfordjournals.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 12270904 ref and are placed among the metamonad s along with them. References reflist Excavata Category Flagellates Category Metamonads cs Retortamon dy de Retortamonadida es Retortamonadida fr Retortamonadida ja ... more details
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