distinguish fluorene Infobox fluorineFluorine is the chemical element with atomic number 9, represented ... a single stable isotope , fluorine 19. At standard conditions for temperature and pressure standard pressure and temperature , fluorine is a pale yellow gas composed of diatomic molecule s, chem F 2 . In stars, fluorine is rare compared to other light elements. In Earth s crust, fluorine is more common, Abundance of elements in Earth s crust being the 13th most abundant element . Fluorine s most ... ores to lower their melting points. Suggested to be a chemical element in 1811, fluorine was named after the source mineral. Several chemists, the fluorine martyrs, died in accidents while trying ... remains the industrial production method. The main use of elemental fluorine, enriched uranium uranium enrichment , was developed during the Manhattan Project . Fluorine is the most electronegative element ... in making elemental fluorine, the vast majority of commercial fluorine is never Redox ... fluorine compounds tend to have high chemical and thermal stability and repel water. The largest ... fluorine. Polytetrafluoroethylene Teflon is the most important fluoropolymer and is used in electrical ... contain fluorine. Lipitor and Prozac are notable examples. TOC limit limit 3 Characteristics Physical properties See also Solid fluorine if I ever get this written Fluorine forms diatomic molecule s that are gaseous ... al. 2005 loc Fluorine, p. 2 tag ref Density of air at 100 kilopascal and 0 C is 1.2724 ..., fluorine gas is actually a very pale yellow. Its color can only be observed in concentrated fluorine ... of Fluorine Chemistry year 1987 volume 34 pages 471 74 first1 J. issue 3 4 last1 Burdon first2 B. last2 Emson first3 A. J. last3 Edwards title Is fluorine really yellow? doi 10.1016 S0022 1139 00 85188 ... C K Fluorine.html title Fluorine, Chemical Element work Foundations and Applications author Chemistry ... ?id CB7wAAAAMAAJ title Fluorine The First Hundred Years 1886 1986 author1 Banks, Ronald Eric ... more details
saved book title Fluorine subtitle An overview cover image Fluorite crystals 270x444.jpg cover color Fluorine An overview Overview Fluorine Isotopes Isotopes of fluorine Miscellany Fluoride Fluoride toxicity Category Wikipedia books on chemical elements Category Fluorine Wikipedia books on elements ... more details
Chembox verifiedrevid 448917315 ImageFileL1 fluorine perchlorate 2D.png ImageSizeL1 130px ImageNameL1 Full structural formula of fluorine perchlorate ImageFileR1 Fluorine perchlorate 3D balls.png ImageSizeR1 110px ImageNameR1 Ball and stick model of fluorine perchlorate IUPACName OtherNames Fluorine perchlorate Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo Ref cascite correct ?? CASNo 10049 03 3 PubChem SMILES FOCl O O O Section2 Chembox Properties Formula chem FClO 4 MolarMass Appearance Density MeltingPt 167.3 C BoilingPt 16 C Solubility Section3 Chembox Thermochemistry DeltaHf 9 kcal mol ref Breazeale, J. D. MacLaren, R. O.. Thermochemistry of oxygen fluorine bonding , United Technology Center, Sunnyvale, CA, 1963. Accession Number AD0402889. Retrieved online from http oai.dtic.mil oai oai?verb getRecord&metadataPrefix html&identifier AD0402889 on 2009 05 21. ref Section4 Chembox Hazards MainHazards Highly explosive gas FlashPt Autoignition Fluorine perchlorate is the rarely encountered chemical compound of fluorine , chlorine , and oxygen with chemical formula chem FClO 4 or chem FOClO 3 . It is an extremely unstable gas that explodes spontaneously, ref Pradyot Patnaik. A comprehensive guide to the hazardous properties of chemical substances , 3rd ed., Wiley Interscience, 2007. ISBN 0471714585 ref and has a penetrating odor. ref Robert Alan Lewis. Lewis dictionary of toxicology , CRC Press, 1998, p. 508. ISBN 1566702232 ref Synthesis One synthesis uses fluorine and perchloric acid , ref cite doi 10.1021 ja01195a063 ref though the action of chlorine pentafluoride ClF sub 5 sub on water is another method. math rm F 2 HClO 4 rightarrow FClO 4 HF math A third method of synthesis ... ic50199a056 ref math rm NF 4ClO 4 xrightarrow Delta NF 3 FClO 4 math Structure Fluorine perchlorate is not analogous to perchloric acid because the fluorine atom does not exist as a positive ion. It contains ... is higher than that of chlorine but lower than that of fluorine. Safety FClO sub 4 sub has a very ... more details
Chembox verifiedrevid 440986116 ImageFile Fluorine nitrate 2D.png ImageSize 250px IUPACName OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo 7789 26 6 PubChem SMILES FON O O Section2 Chembox Properties Formula chem FNO 3 MolarMass Appearance Density 3.331g L MeltingPt 175 C BoilingPt 46 C Solubility Section3 Chembox Thermochemistry DeltaHf 10.46kJ mol Section4 Chembox Hazards MainHazards Explosive gas FlashPt Autoignition Fluorine nitrate is an unstable derivative of nitric acid with the formula chem FNO 3 . Due to its instability, it is often produced from chlorine nitrate . It decomposes through the reaction below math rm FONO 2 rightarrow F ONO 2 math References Greenwood&Earnshaw Inorganic compound stub Category Nitrates Category Fluorides ro Azotat de fluor zh ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Fluorine deficiency Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICD9 269.3 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Fluoride or fluorine deficiency is a disorder which may cause increased dental caries and possibly osteoporosis due to a lack of fluoride in the diet. ref cite web url http www.merck.com mmpe sec01 ch005 ch005d.html title Fluorine publisher Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy Merck accessdate 2009 01 04 ref ref cite web url http www.nlm.nih.gov medlineplus ency article 002420.htm title Fluoride in diet publisher MedlinePlus accessdate 2009 01 04 ref The extent to which the condition truly exists, and its relationship to fluoride poisoning has given rise to some controversy. Fluorine is not considered to be an essential nutrient, but the importance of fluorides for preventing dental caries tooth decay is well recognized, ref cite web author Olivares M and Uauy R date 2004 url http www.who.int water sanitation health dwq en nutoverview.pdf title Essential nutrients in drinking water Draft publisher World Health Organization WHO accessdate 2008 12 30 ref although the effect is predominantly topical. ref cite journal author Pizzo G, Piscopo MR, Pizzo I, Giuliana G title Community water fluoridation and caries prevention a critical review journal Clin Oral Investig volume 11 issue 3 pages 189 93 year 2007 month September pmid 17333303 doi 10.1007 s00784 007 0111 6 url ref Prior to 1981, the effect of fluorides was thought to be largely systemic and preeruptive, requiring ingestion. ref cite journal author Aoba T, Fejerskov O title Dental fluorosis chemistry and biology journal Crit. Rev. Oral Biol. Med. volume 13 issue 2 pages 155 70 year 2002 pmid 12097358 doi 10.1177 154411130201300206 url http crobm.iadrjournals.org cgi pmidlookup ... over the essentiality of fluorine date back to the 19th century, when fluorine was observed ... fed fluorine deficient diets, but a subsequent investigation determined that this was due to reduced ... more details
Although fluorine F has 18 known isotope s from sup 14 sup F to sup 31 sup F and one nuclear isomer isomer sup 18m sup F , only one of these isotopes is stable, that is, fluorine 19 as such, it is a monoisotopic element . The longest lived radioisotope is sup 18 sup F with a half life of 109.771 minutes. All other isotopes have half lives under a minute, the majority under a second, making fluorine a mononuclidic element as well. The least stable isotope is sup 15 sup F, whose half life is 4.1 x 10 sup 22 sup seconds, corresponding to a spectral linewidth of about 1 MeV. Only sup 14 sup F has an unknown half life. Standard atomic mass 18.9984032 5 unified atomic mass unit u Fluorine 18 The nuclide Fluorine 18 sup 18 sup F is the radionuclide of fluorine with the longest half life, 109.771 minutes ... scanning in medicine. Fluorine 19 Fluorine 19 , the most stable isotope of fluorine . Its abundance on earth is 100 no other isotopes of fluorine exist in significant quantities. Its binding energy is 147801 keV. Fluorine 19 is NMR active, so it is used in fluorine 19 NMR spectroscopy. Fluorine 20 Fluorine 20 , is one of the more unstable isotopes of fluorine . It has a half life of 11.07 ... radioactivity is 1.885 x 10 sup 9 sup TBq g and has a life time of 15.87 seconds. Fluorine 21 Fluorine 21 , as with fluorine 20 , is also one of the more unstable isotopes of this element. It has a half ... 27 64.49 16 s Beta decay sup sup sup 17 sup O 5 2 Fluorine 18 sup 18 sup F ref group n Has ... of fluorine this article s talk page . cite journal author G. Audi, A. H. Wapstra, C. Thibault ... yes edition 85th publisher CRC Press isbn 978 0849304859 references Isotope nav element fluorine lighter ... isotopes fluorine 21 qr ub 90 Information on Fluorine 21 from Wolframalpha.com http www.wolframalpha.com input ?i fluorine 20 Information on Fluorine 20 from Wolframalpha.com DEFAULTSORT Isotopes Of Fluorine Category Fluorine Category Isotopes of fluorine Category Lists of isotopes by element Fluorine ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Unreferenced date November 2007 A Quartz Fluorine Vessel is a specialized contained built to hold and view fluorine , the most reactive and electronegative substance known. The preparation of these vessels is delicate and labor intensive. Most containers designed to hold fluorine are lined with Polytetrafluoroethylene Teflon because of its almost non existent reactivity. The clear substrate onto which the Teflon or another fluorocarbon must be applied is a high purity, single crystal quartz tube. Preparing the container The procedure for preparing the tube is keenly attuned to detail because just one molecule of water or Hydrogen fluoride HF can set off a chain reaction that will destroy the tube. Now, obviously it is near impossible to remove all dangerous molecules from the fluorine sample but the fewer of them, the longer the sample will last and it can last for decades. Category Fluorine ... more details
The covalent radius of fluorine is a measure of the size of a fluorine atom it is approximated at about 60 picometre s. Since fluorine is a relatively small atom with a large electronegativity , its covalent ..., almost all bonds to fluorine are highly polar because of its large electronegativity, so the use ... from these radii are almost always longer than the experimental values. Bonds to fluorine have ... The first attempt at trying to find the covalent radius of fluorine was in 1938, by Brockway. ref ... of F sub 2 sub molecules by means of the electrolysis of potassium bifluoride KHF sub 2 sub in a fluorine ... , it was determined that the bond length between the two fluorine atoms was about 145 pm. ref name Brockway He therefore assumed that the covalent radius of fluorine was half this value ... of fluorine atom. Schomaker and Stevenson In 1941, Verner Schomaker Schomaker and David P. Stevenson .... Its major weakness is the use of the covalent radius of fluorine that is known as being too large ... character. In addition, the fluorine atom also receives a certain amount of pi electron density ..., Reed and Schleyer believed that the observed shortening of bond lengths in fluorine molecules was a direct ... together. Ronald Gillespie File Bond length of fluorine graph.JPG thumb 300px right By plotting electronegativity ... radius of fluorine. In 1992, Ronald Gillespie and Edward A. Robinson suggested that the value of 71 ..., they proposed using the value of 54 pm for the covalent radius of fluorine. ref name REJTG cite ... fluorides. A new value for the covalent radius of fluorine journal Inorganic Chemistry volume ... to the delocalization of the fluorine lone pairs. In 1997, Gillespie et al. found that his original prediction was too low, and that the covalent radius of fluorine is about 60 pm. Using the Gaussian 94 package, they calculated the wave function and electron density distribution for several fluorine ... to evaluate the bond length of fluorine to other molecules. The authors found that the length of X ... more details
Fluorine absorption dating is a method used to determine the amount of time an object has been underground Fluorine absorption dating can be carried out based on the fact that groundwater contains fluoride ions. Items such as bone fragments that are in the soil will Absorption chemistry absorb fluoride from the groundwater over time. From the amount of absorbed fluoride in the item, the time that the item has been in the soil can be estimated. The dating method is a relative one because one needs another item found in the same area of which the age is known to state anything about a true age. If no real age is known, ages can only be expressed in older than or younger than between the two objects. The fluctuating amount of fluoride found in groundwater means the objects in comparison must be in the same local area in order for the comparisons to be accurate. As not all objects absorb fluorine at the same rate, this also undermines the accuracy of such a dating technique. Although this can be compensated for by accommodating for the rate of absorption in calculations, such an accommodation tends to have a rather large margin of error . References Reflist G ksu, H. Y., M. Oberhofer and D. Regulla, editors, Fluorine dating in Scientific Dating Methods, Springer, 1991, pp 251 270 ISBN 978 0792314615 Chronology DEFAULTSORT Fluorine Absorption Dating Category Dating methods Geochronology stub sl Fluorjev test ... more details
Image Carbon fluorine bond polarity 2D black.png thumb The partial charges in the polarized carbon fluorine bond The carbon fluorine bond is a Chemical bond bond between carbon and fluorine that is a component ... of fluorine 4.0 for F vs. 2.5 for carbon gives the carbon fluorine bond a significant Chemical polarity ... around the fluorine, leaving the carbon relatively electron poor. This introduces ionic character to the bond through partial charges C sup sup &mdash F sup &minus sup . The partial charges on the fluorine and carbon are attractive, contributing to the unusual bond strength of the carbon fluorine ... url ref because fluorine forms the strongest single bond to carbon. Carbon fluorine bonds can have ... fluorine while values of 104.9, 83.7, 72.1, and 57.6 kcal mol represent carbon X bonds to hydrogen ... length The carbon fluorine bond length is typically about 1.35 ngstr m 1.39 in fluoromethane . ref ... and carbon oxygen bonds, despite fluorine having a larger atomic mass . The short length of the bond ... on carbon and fluorine. The carbon fluorine bond length varies by several hundredths of an angstrom ... lengths and the shortening of bonds to fluorine due to their partial ionic character are also observed for bonds between fluorine and other elements, and have been a source of difficulties with the selection of an appropriate value for the covalent radius of fluorine . Linus Pauling originally suggested 64 picometer pm , but that value was eventually replaced by 72 pm, which is half of the fluorinefluorine bond length. However, 72 pm is too long to be representative of the lengths of the bonds between fluorine and other elements, so values between 54 pm and 60 pm have been suggested by other ... Value for the Covalent Radius of Fluorine. Inorganic Chemistry, 31 , 1960 1963. ref ref Robinson ... of Bonds to Fluorine in Terms of an Almost Ionic Model. Inorganic Chemistry, 36 , 3022 3030. ref ... number of fluorine atoms on the same geminal carbon the other bonds become stronger and shorter ... more details
Germanium fluoride is a chemical compound of germanium and fluorine which exists in the following forms Germanium difluoride Germanium tetrafluoride disambig ... more details
BF2 may refer to Battlefield 2 , a computer game developed by Digital Illusions CE DICE Star Wars Battlefront II , a video game developed by Pandemic Studios borondifluoride , a chemical group of boron and fluorine Letter NumberCombDisambig ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Orphan date February 2009 Difluoroalkenes are alkene s that have two fluorine s on their sp sup 2 sup carbon. Difluoroalkenes that have the fluorines on the same carbon, a geminal relationship, are called gem difluoroalkenes . They have a unique reactivity derived from the fluorines. Generally, the alkenes are known to react with electrophile s. But gem difluoroalkenes can react also with nucleophile s, since their carbon carbon double bond is electrophilically activated by the two fluorine atoms. By using this characteristic, several fluorine containing compounds have been prepared. Because of their biological activities and physical properties, gem difluoroalkene compounds have been attracting much interest in various fields such as medical and agricultural chemistry and material sciences. Category Organofluorides Category Alkenes Organohalide stub ... more details
organic chemical compounds that contain carbon and fluorine Chemical bond bonded in the polarized and remarkably strong carbon fluorine bond . Organofluorine compounds are diverse, they can be fluorocarbon ... Image Carbon fluorine bond polarity 2D black.png left thumb 133px C F partial charges main Carbon fluorine bond The carbon fluorine bond is referred to as the strongest in organic chemistry because ... character is a result of the electronegativity of fluorine. It induces partial charges on the carbon and fluorine atoms, leading to electrostatic attraction, making the bond short and strong. Compounds Organofluorine compounds that have the carbon fluorine bond are diverse in their types. They can ... that contain only carbon and fluorine , ref GoldBookRef title fluorocarbons file F02459 ref while other molecules that contain many carbon fluorine bonds are commonly referred to as fluorocarbons. ref ... 14703372 issue 1 ref Pharmaceuticals and agrichemicals commonly contain only one fluorine or a trifluoromethyl ... . All known biologically synthesized organofluorines contain only one carbon fluorine bond. ref ... that only contain carbon and fluorine. They can be gases, liquids, waxes, or solids, depending ... as a group. Every time you see a biologically active molecule that has fluorine in it, it could be in there for a different .... ref name Thayer cite journal first Ann M. last Thayer date 5 June 2006 title Fabulous Fluorine journal ... that are very distinct from hydrocarbons . Organofluorines with only one carbon fluorine bond ... is that the carbon fluorine bond can dramatically alter biological properties. ref cite journal pages 4359 69 doi 10.1021 jm800219f title The Many Roles for Fluorine in Medicinal Chemistry year 2008 ... synthase is an enzyme capable of biologically synthesizing the carbon fluorine bond. ref cite journal ... 11907567 ref Man made carbon fluorine bonds are commonly found in pharmaceuticals and agrichemicals because it adds stability to the carbon framework also, the relatively covalent radius of fluorine small ... more details
File 19F NMR yne 6AmF5 .svg thumb A sample 19F NMR of a simple organic compound. Integrations are shown under each peak. Fluorine 19 nuclear magnetic resonance is an analytical technique used to identify fluorine containing compounds. sup 19 sup F is one of the most important nuclei for NMR spectroscopy . ref H. Friebolin Basic One and Two Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy , Wiley VCH, Weinheim, 2011. ISBN 978 3 527 32782 9 ref Operational details Fluorine 19 sup 19 sup F has a nuclear spin of 1 2 and a high magnetogyric ratio , which means that this isotope is highly responsive to NMR measurements. Furthermore, sup 19 sup F comprises 100 of naturally occurring fluorine. Other NMR active nuclei spin 1 2 that are monoisotopic or nearly so are sup 1 sup H and sup 31 sup P. Because of its favorable nuclear properties and high abundance, sup 19 sup F NMR measurements are very fast, comparable with 1H NMR sup 1 sup H NMR spectroscopy. Integrals are reliable due to the lack of a nuclear Overhauser effect fluorine forms one bond only . The reference compound for sup 19 sup F is Trichlorofluoromethane CFCl sub 3 sub . ref cite web publisher Hebrew University author Roy Hoffman year 2007 title sup 19 sup Fluorine NMR url http chem.ch.huji.ac.il nmr techniques 1d row2 f.html ref Applications Most commonly sup 19 sup F NMR spectroscopy is mainly used to analyze the structure of organofluorine compound s. Representative targets of this method are the many pharmaceuticals that contain C F bonds. The technique is also used to analyze fluoride salts. ref Gerken, M. Boatz, J. A. Kornath, A. Haiges, R. Schneider, S. Schroer, T. Christe, K. O. The 19F NMR shifts are not a measure for the nakedness of the fluoride anion Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 2002 , 116 1 , 49 58. doi 10.1016 S0022 1139 02 00101 X ref References references NMR by isotope Category Nuclear magnetic resonance Category Fluorine chem stub fr RMN du fluor 19 ... more details
Florine may refer to Hans Florine born 1964 , an American rock climber Nicolas Florine 1891 1972 , an engineer that built the first tandem rotor helicopter Sainte Florine , a commune in the Haute Loire department in south central France Florine given name See also Fluorine disambiguation surname ... more details
wiktionary element 9 Element 9 may refer to Element 9 music Fluorine disambiguation Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it from being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Long comment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
Trifluoroethane may refer to either of two isomer ic fluorocarbon s which differ by the location of attachment of the fluorine atoms 1,1,1 Trifluoroethane R 143a 1,1,2 Trifluoroethane R 143b Both are used as refrigerant and propellant gasses. Chemistry disambiguation Category Organofluorides Category Refrigerants de Trifluorethan zh ... more details
Uklonskovite sodium Na magnesium Mg sulfur S oxygen O sub 4 sub fluorine F is a colorless monoclinic mineral found in Chile , Italy and Uzbekistan . ref http www.mindat.org min 4084.html Mindat ref ref http www.webmineral.com data Uklonskovite.shtml Webmineral ref References Reflist Category Sulfate minerals sulfate mineral stub ar it Uklonskovite ... more details
About the fluor class of minerals the company Fluor Corp. the chemical element fluorine Unreferenced date October 2009 Fluor is any of a class of mineral s first identified by Georg Agricola , which he described as resembling Gemstone gem s, but hardness softer , readily fusibility fusible , and useful in smelting . Category Minerals Mineral stub nl fluoride ... more details
A hardmask is a material used in semiconductor processing as an etch mask in lieu of polymer or other organic soft resist materials. The idea is that polymers tend to be etched easily by oxygen , fluorine , chlorine or other reactive gases to the extent that a pattern defined using polymeric mask is rapidly degraded during plasma etching . material stub Category Semiconductor device fabrication ... more details
saved book title Chemistry subtitle Periodic Table of Elements cover image cover color Chemistry Periodic Table of Elements Periodic table Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium Category Wikipedia books on chemistry ... more details
Neil Bartlett may refer to Neil Bartlett chemist 1932 2008 , chemist who specialized in fluorine Neil Bartlett playwright born 1958 , award winning British director, performer, translator, and writer See also Neal Bartlett born 1975 , English footballer hndis Bartlett, Neil DEFAULTSORT Bartlett, Neil ... more details
saved book title Period 2 elements subtitle cover image Limetal.JPG cover color Period 2 elements Overview Period 2 element Elements Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Category Wikipedia books on the periodic table Period 2 elements Category Wikipedia books on chemical elements Wikipedia books on elements ... more details
saved book title Halogens subtitle An overview cover image Halogens.jpg cover color Halogens An overview Properties Halogen Elements Fluorine Chlorine Bromine Iodine Astatine Ununseptium Category Wikipedia books on chemistry Category Wikipedia books on chemical elements Category Halogens Wikipedia books on elements ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
