Infobox mineral name Fluorite category Halide mineral boxwidth boxbgcolor image Fluorite Orthoclase tmu36a.jpg ... Fluorite at Handbook of Mineralogy ref ref name Mindat ref name Webmin http webmineral.com data Fluorite.shtml Fluorite at Webmineral ref ref name Hurlbut Hurlbut, Cornelius S. Klein, Cornelis, 1985, Manual of Mineralogy , pp. 324 325, 20th ed., ISBN 0 471 80580 7 ref Fluorite also called fluorspar ... fluorite is derived from the Latin root fluo , meaning to flow because the mineral is used in iron ... K. In 1852 fluorite gave its name to the phenomenon of fluorescence , which is prominent in fluorites from certain locations, due to certain impurities in the crystal. Fluorite also gave the name to its constitutive element fluorine . ref name Mindat http www.mindat.org min 1576.html Fluorite at Mindat.org ref Fluorite is a colorful mineral, both in visible and ultraviolet light, and the stone has ornamental and lapidary uses. Industrially, fluorite is used as a flux metallurgy flux for smelting, and in the production of certain glasses and enamels. The purest grades of fluorite are a source ... fine chemical s. Optically clear transparent fluorite lenses have low dispersion optics dispersion ... and telescopes. Fluorite optics are also usable in the far ultraviolet range where conventional glasses are too absorbent for use. History and etymology Fluorite derives from the Latin noun fluo ... fluorite was originally termed fluorospar and was first discussed in print in a 1530 work Bermannus ... and production File Closeup of Fluorite.jpg thumb left A closeup of fluorite surface alt black, chevronned wavy, jagged structure Fluorite may occur as a vein deposit, especially with metallic ... s and other igneous rock s and as a common minor constituent of dolostone and limestone . Fluorite ... , New York , Alaska , and Texas . Fluorite has been the state mineral of Illinois since 1965. At that time, Illinois was the largest producer of fluorite in the United States, but the last fluorite ... more details
This is a list of countries by fluorite in 2006 mostly based on http www.bgs.ac.uk mineralsuk commodity world home.html British Geological Survey accessed in July 2008. class wikitable sortable bgcolor ececec Rank Country Region Fluorite production br tonnes noflag World align left 5,500,000 1 flagicon China Peoples Republic of China China align left 3,000,000 2 flagicon Mexico Mexico align left 936,433 3 flagicon South Africa South Africa align left 240,000 4 flagicon Russia Russia align left 210,000 5 flagicon Spain Spain align left 146,946 6 flagicon Mongolia Mongolia align left 138,000 7 flagicon Namibia Namibia align left 132,249 8 flagicon Kenya Kenya align left 132,030 9 flagicon Morocco Morocco align left 115,000 10 flagicon Brazil Brazil align left 63,604 11 flagicon United Kingdom United Kingdom align left 60,000 12 flagicon Germany Germany align left 53,009 13 flagicon France France align left 40,000 14 flagicon Romania Romania align left 15,000 15 flagicon North Korea North Korea align left 12,000 16 flagicon Argentina Argentina align left 8,278 17 flagicon Egypt Egypt align left 7,700 18 flagicon Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan align left 4,000 19 flagicon Thailand Thailand align left 3,240 20 flagicon Vietnam Vietnam align left 3,000 21 flagicon India India align left 2,203 22 flagicon Pakistan Pakistan align left 1,050 23 flagicon Turkey Turkey align left 800 External links http www.bgs.ac.uk mineralsuk statistics worldStatistics.html British Geological Survey complete list Industry country lists DEFAULTSORT Fluorite production Category Mineral production by country Category Economics lists by country ar fa zh ... more details
File Fluorite 132168.jpg thumb Gemmy purple fluorite from Wushan Fluorite mine, De an County. De an County Chinese character Chinese is a county under Jiujiang City in Jiangxi Province , China . The total area is 939.40 square kilometre, and the population is 161,000 as of 2003 . External links http www.dean.gov.cn Official website of De an County government Commonscat Wushan Fluorite Mine Jiangxi geo stub coord 29 24 45 N 115 37 41 E region CN 36 type adm2nd source kolossus dewiki display title Category County level divisions of Jiangxi County level divisions of Jiangxi de De an fr Xian de De an gan ko ja no De an vi c An, C u Giang zh ... more details
saved book title Fluorine subtitle An overview cover image Fluorite crystals 270x444.jpg cover color Fluorine An overview Overview Fluorine Isotopes Isotopes of fluorine Miscellany Fluoride Fluoride toxicity Category Wikipedia books on chemical elements Category Fluorine Wikipedia books on elements ... more details
Blue John may refer to Derbyshire Blue John , a form of fluorite mined in Derbyshire, England Blue John Cavern , a cavern in Castleton, Derbyshire where fluorite is mined Blue John Canyon , a canyon in Utah, United States, site of the Aron Ralston accident Blue John album Blue John album , an album by organist John Patton Ankh Morpork City Watch Lance Constable Bluejohn Lance Constable Bluejohn , a character in the Discworld series, a member of Ankh Morpork City Watch Blue John Gap, a fictional location in Arthur Conan Doyle s short story The Terror of Blue John Gap See also John Blue disambiguation disambig geo ... more details
Infobox settlement name Shihe District translit lang1 Chinese character Chinese translit lang1 type Chinese character Chinese translit lang1 info translit lang1 type1 Pinyin translit lang1 info1 postal code type Postal code settlement type District China District image skyline image map map caption Location of the county subdivision type Country subdivision name People s Republic of China China subdivision type1 Province subdivision name1 Henan subdivision type2 Prefecture subdivision name2 Xinyang area total km2 population population as of population density km2 auto latNS latd latm lats longEW longd longm longs elevation ft elevation m timezone China Standard Time China Standard utc offset 8 website Shihe District is a district of Henan , China . It is under the administration of Xinyang city. File Fluorite 146260.jpg thumb left Blue fluorite cap on matrix, Minggang Fluorite mine, Shihe District.Size 6.0 x 6.0 x 5.8 cm. Commonscat Minggang Fluorite Mine County level divisions of Henan coord 32 07 01 N 114 03 32 E region CN 41 type adm2nd source kolossus dewiki display title Category County level divisions of Henan Henan geo stub de Shihe fr District de Shihe ko ja no Shihe vi S H zh ... more details
Takahashi Seisakusho is a Japanese manufacturer of telescopes and related equipment, such as eyepieces and mounts. Often known simply as Tak , the brand is especially noted amongst amateur astronomers for its range of apochromatic refractor s, but also produces various types of Reflecting telescope reflectors , and instruments featuring compound optics. Takahashi pioneered the use of fluorite crystal in place of one of the glass elements in the objective lens of an astronomical telescope, although this material had previously been used in other optical devices. ref Lizaso, I aki. http www.astrosurf.com ilizaso Takahashi 20FCT 100 FCT.htm Fluorite Refracting Telescopes . ref The company s name would become synonymous with the use of this type of crystal. In recent years however, Takahashi has produced some telescopes using Low dispersion glass extra low dispersion ED FPL 53 glass ref FPL 53 is a type of glass manufactured by Ohara GmbH. http www.ohara gmbh.com e produkte astro.html Optical Glass for Astronomical Applications . ref in place of fluorite in the objective lens . High performance glass that contains fluorine should not be confused with fluorite crystal, which is not glass. Some other telescope manufacturers use Takahashi refractors as collimating instruments for larger telescopes. References div reflist 2 External links http www.takahashijapan.com index.html Takahashi Seisakusho website. Japanese language only. http takahashiamerica.com Takahashi America http www.takahashi europe.com en index.php Takahashi Europe. English and French language. Category Telescope manufacturers ja pl Takahashi japan company stub ... more details
Florita may refer to Florita, a character in the 1986 Spanish film Tiempo de Silencio Memphis florita, a species within Memphis genus Kira Florita , a Grammy winning music producer Florita, a renamed former List of Empire ships R Empire Roding Empire ship , formerly the Empire Roding Typhoon Florita disambiguation See also Fluorite , called Flourita in certain languages Florida disambiguation St. Augustine Grass Floritam disambig ... more details
File Wahlkreis Otjiwarongo in Otjozondjupa.png right thumb Otjiwarongo Constituency in the Otjozondjupa Region File Fluorite 189380.jpg thumb Pink fluorite specimen from the Okorusu Mine. Size 6.4 x 6.0 x 1.1 cm. Otjiwarongo Constituency is an Constituencies of Namibia electoral constituency in the Otjozondjupa Region of Namibia . It has 22,614 inhabitants ref http www.statoids.com yna.html Constituencies of Namibia, 2004 ref and consists of the town of Otjiwarongo and the surrounding rural area. In 2010, former Otjiwarongo mayor Otto Ipinge was elected to the Otjozondjupa Regional Council. ref http www.ecn.na results 2010 Press Release Constituency Otjozondjupa Otjiwarongo.pdf Otjiwarongo Constituency Electoral Commission of Namibia ref The Okorusu Mine , located 48 km north of Otjiwarongo , is a well known source of fluorite specimens for mineral collector s The mine is a potential resource for Rare earth elements . ref http www.mindat.org loc 5842.html Okorusu Mine at Mindat.org ref References reflist Commonscat Okorusu Mine Constituencies of the Otjozondjupa Region coord missing Namibia Category Constituencies of Otjozondjupa Region Namibia geo stub ... more details
Sovite s vite is the coarse grained variety or facies of a carbonatite intrusive . The finer grained variety is known as alvikite . The two varieties are distinguished by minor and trace element compositions. ref http sajg.geoscienceworld.org cgi content abstract 102 2 109 M. J. Le Bas, Sovite and alvikite two chemically distinct calciocarbonatites C1 and C2 , South African Journal of Geology June 1999 v. 102 no. 2 p. 109 121 ref Sovite is often a medium to coarse grained calcite rock with variable accessory amphibole , biotite , pyrite , pyrochlore and fluorite . ref Example from central African occurrence. A. R. Woolley, Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World Africa , Geological Society of London May 2001 , p. 139 ISBN 1862390835 ref References Reflist Category Petrology Category Igneous rocks petrology stub ... more details
This is a list of minerals, both metallic and non metallic. Metallic Aluminium Antimony Arsenic Chromite Coal Copper Dolomite Gold Iron ore Fire clay Fluorite Glass sand Garnet Granite Graphite Gypsum Lead Magnesite Manganese Tungsten Zinc Non Metallic Asbestos Barite Brine Calcite Cinnabar Kaolinite Kaolin Kyanite Lignite Limenite Limestone Marble Mica Rock phosphate Potash Pyrite Quartz Radioactive minerals Halite Rock salt Sand Silica sand Soapstone Sulphur Vermiculite Vesuvianite Zircon See also Pakistan Mineral Development Corporation PMDC References Encyclopedia of Pakistan by Zahid Hussain Anjum , Jahangir Book Depot, Pakistan 2005 2006 Category Pakistan related lists Minerals of Pakistann ... more details
For the Illinois wine region Shawnee Hills AVA unreferenced date May 2010 File Garden of the Gods Sunset.jpg thumb Garden of the Gods in the Shawnee National Forest The Shawnee Hills is a region of Southern Illinois that rests mainly in an east west arc roughly following the outline of the southern end of the Geology of Illinois Illinois Basin . Whereas Mississippi an and Pennsylvania Age rock layers are deep beneath the surface in central Illinois, these strata pierce the surface in southern Illinois. The Shawnee Hills are surface expressions of the more weather resistant limestone and sandstone layers. Within the Shawnee Hills, limestone is extensively quarried from outcrops, while both north and south of the Shawnee Hills, coal is mined by surface techniques on shallow coal seams near the edges of the Illinois Basin and by deep mining techniques in the deeper parts of the Basin. Additionally, extensive faulting in and around the Shawnee Hills occurred due to deep tectonic activities and formed sites for deposition of fluorite , a mineral used for production of the element fluorine . At one time, about 80 of the world s fluorspar the limestone ore containing fluorite was mined near the towns of Rosiclare and Cave in Rock. A large portion of the Shawnee Hills lies within the Shawnee National Forest one of the largest protected Federal forests in the United States . The beauty of the Shawnee Hills, the Shawnee National Forest, and the Ohio River Valley make the area a prime tourist destination. See also Ohio River Shawnee National Forest Dixon Springs State Park Cave in Rock State Park Trail of Tears State Forest References references coord missing Illinois Category Geology of Illinois Category Little Egypt Category Landforms of Illinois ... more details
Chembox Verifiedfields changed Watchedfields changed verifiedrevid 404138578 ImageFile CaF2 polyhedra.png ImageFile Ref Chemboximage correct ?? ImageSize 244 ImageName Unit cell, ball and stick model of americium dioxide IUPACName Americium IV oxide SystematicName Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo Ref cascite correct ?? CASNo 12005 67 3 SMILES O . O . Am 4 StdInChI 1S Am.2O q 4 2 2 StdInChI Ref stdinchicite changed chemspider StdInChIKey GABXYUQCUHMHDP UHFFFAOYSA N StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite changed chemspider Section2 Chembox Properties Am 1 O 2 ExactMass 274.990 g mol Appearance Black crystals Density 11.68 g cm sup 3 sup Section3 Chembox Structure CrystalStruct Fluorite cubic , Pearson symbol cF12 SpaceGroup Fm overline 3 , No. 225 Americium dioxide AmO sub 2 sub is a black ref name G&E cite book last1 Greenwood first1 N. N. last2 Earnshaw first2 A. title Chemistry of the Elements edition 2nd origyear 1997 publisher Pergamon Press isbn 0 08 022057 6 page 1267 lastauthoramp y ref compound of americium . It is used as a source of alpha particle s, particularly in ionisation type smoke detector s. ref cite web url http www.atsdr.cdc.gov toxprofiles tp156.pdf title Toxicological profile for americium month April year 2004 publisher U.S. Department of Health and Human Services accessdate 15 January 2011 ref In the solid state AmO sub 2 sub adopts the fluorite, calcium fluoride CaF sub 2 sub structure. ref Cite book last1 Wells first1 A. F. Alexander Frank title Structural inorganic chemistry date 1984 publisher Clarendon Press location Oxford isbn 978 0 19 855370 0 ref References reflist External links inorganic compound stub Americium compounds Category Americium compounds Category Oxides cs Oxid americi it de Americium IV oxid fr Dioxyde d am ricium nl Americium IV oxide pt Di xido de amer cio fi Amerikiumdioksidi zh ... more details
refimprove date February 2009 Infobox scientist name Victor Schumann image image size caption birth date Birth date 1841 1841 birth place Leipzig death date death date September 1 1913 September 1, 1913 death place residence citizenship nationality ethnicity Germans German field Physics work institutions alma mater doctoral advisor doctoral students known for Discovered the vacuum ultraviolet author abbrev bot author abbrev zoo prizes religion footnotes Victor Schumann 1841 &ndash September 1, 1913 was a physics physicist and spectroscopist who in 1893 discovered the vacuum ultraviolet . Schumann wished to study the Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrum region . For this, he used a Prism optics prism and Fluorite Optics lenses in fluorite instead of quartz ref name Lyman allowing himself to be the first to measure spectra below 200 nm. Oxygen gas would absorb the radiation with a wavelength below 195 nm but Schumann placed the entire apparatus under vacuum. He prepared his own photographic plates with a reduced layer of gelatin. He published on the Hydrogen line in the spectrum of Nova Aurigae and in the spectrum of vacuum tubes . ref Schumann V, Astronomy and astrophysics , Volume 12, Carleton College Northfield, Minn. . Goodsell Observatory ref His work opened the way to atomic emission spectroscopy, leading eventually to the discovery of the hydrogen spectral lines series Lyman series by Theodore Lyman in 1914. ref name Lyman Citation last Lyman first T. title Victor Schumann journal Astrophysical Journal volume 38 issue pages 1 4 year 1914 doi 10.1086 142050 bibcode 1914ApJ....39....1L ref References reflist Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Schumann, Victor ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1841 1841 PLACE OF BIRTH Leipzig DATE OF DEATH September 1, 1913 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Schumann, Victor Category German physicists Category 1841 births Category 1913 deaths germany physicist stub ko ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Two other uses the nuclear weapon component Blue Stone Bluestone disambiguation Blue stone is a generic mineral description commonly applied to a variety of mineral s. Perhaps the most common reference is to the hydrated copper II sulfate mineral, chalcanthite . The name blue stone is also applicable to lazurite , the core constituent of lapis lazuli , a sulfide of sodium aluminium silicate in the sodalite group. The term bluestone is also used for the dolerite stones at Stonehenge . Other uses Other uses of the term may refer to blue grey building standards building stone or paving material. In Australia , a bluish variety of basalt is widely used for building . The name should not be confused with blue john , which is a blue purple variety of fluorite , also known as fluorspar , found in Derbyshire , England . DEFAULTSORT Blue Stone Category Minerals Mineral stub ... more details
Blue John is a type of banded fluorite . Although blue fluorite occurs widely throughout ... of banded blue fluorite occur in Nevada , United States, and Southern Iran . Two cups found among Roman ... yellow banded fluorite is now imported into the UK from China . ref cite book url Chemistry in context ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Poocham is a village in the town of Westmoreland, New Hampshire Westmoreland in Cheshire County, New Hampshire Cheshire County , New Hampshire , United States , near the larger communities of Keene, New Hampshire and Brattleboro town , Vermont Brattleboro, Vermont . Poocham s oldest houses date from around 1800. By reputation, the name Poocham comes from an Abenaki Indian word meaning gathering place . The community is almost entirely composed of homes and farms, but a small fluorite mine and growing vineyard are also present. Cheshire County, New Hampshire Coord 42 57 02 N 72 28 38 W type city region US NH display title Category Populated places in Cheshire County, New Hampshire Category Unincorporated communities in New Hampshire NewHampshire geo stub vo Poocham ... more details
Greisen is a highly altered granite granitic rock or pegmatite . Greisen is formed by autogenic alteration of a granite and is a class of skarn endoskarn . Greisens appear as highly metasomatism altered rocks, partly coarse, crystalline granite, partly vugh vuggy with miarolitic cavities, disseminated halide minerals such as fluorite , and occasionally metallic oxide and sulfide ore minerals, borate minerals tourmaline and accessory phases such as sphene , beryl , topaz , etcetera. Petrogenesis Greisens are formed by endoskarn alteration of granite during the cooling stages of emplacement. Greisen fluids are formed by granites as the last highly gas and water rich phases of complete crystallisation of granite melts. This fluid is forced into the interstitial spaces of the granite and pools at the upper margins, where boiling and alteration occur. Alteration facies Incipient greisen granite muscovite Chlorite group chlorite , tourmaline, and fluorite. Greisenized granite quartz muscovite topaz fluorite, tourmaline original texture of granites retained . Massive greisen quartz muscovite topaz fluorite tourmaline typically no original texture preserved . Tourmaline can be ubiquitous as disseminations, concentrated or diffuse clots, or late fracture fillings. Greisen may form in any wallrock environment, typical assemblages developed in aluminosilicates. Greisen environments Greisens appear to be restricted to intrusions which are emplaced high in the Crust geology crust , generally at a depth between 0.5 and 5 km, with upper aureoles which are sealed shut to prevent Magmatic water fluids escaping. This is generally required, as the boiling to produce greisenation cannot occur deeper than about 5 kilometres. They are also generally associated only with potassic igneous rocks granite S type granite , not I type granodiorite or diorite . Greisens are prospective for mineralisation because the last fluids of granite crystallization tend to concentrate incompatible elements ... more details
Aeschynite Nd is a rare earth mineral of neodymium , cerium , calcium , thorium , titanium , niobium , oxygen , and hydrogen with formula Nd,Ce,Ca,Th Ti,Nb sub 2 sub O,OH sub 6 sub . Its name comes from the Greek language Greek word for shame . Its Mohs scale of mineral hardness Mohs scale rating is 5 to 6. It was first reported for an occurrence in Bayan Obo Inner Mongolia in 1982. In that rare earth mining deposit it occurs in vein geology veins within metamorphosed dolomite and slate . It occurs associated with aegirine , riebeckite , barite , fluorite , albite , phlogopite and magnetite . ref http rruff.geo.arizona.edu doclib hom aeschynitend.pdf Handbook of Mineralogy ref References Reflist http www.mindat.org min 38.html Mindat.org http www.webmineral.com data Aeschynite 28Nd 29.shtml Webmineral.org oxide mineral stub Category Calcium minerals Category Hydroxide minerals ar it Aeschynite Nd vi Aeschynit Nd ... more details
Antozonite historically known as Stinkspat , Stinkfluss , Stinkstein , and fetid fluorite ref http www.minsocam.org ammin AM50 AM50 1914.pdf Carbonatites and alkalic rocks of the Arkansas River area, Fremont County, Colorado. 2. Fetid gas from carbonatite and related rocks , American Mineralogist , vol. 50, November December 1965 E. Wm. Heinrich and Raymond J. Anderson ref is a radioactive fluorite variety first found in W lsendorf , Bavaria , in 1841, ref http www.minsocam.org ammin AM42 AM42 191.pdf Some physical properties of naturally irradiated fluorite , American Mineralogist , Robert Berman, 1956 The material has been given the name antozonite, after the supposed evanescent gas, antozone. Earlier names were Stinkstein and Stinkfluss Hausmann, 1847 ref and named in 1862. ref http books.google.ca books?id hPYQAAAAIAAJ&pg PA211&lpg PA211&dq antozonite 22american journal of science 22&source bl&ots R6kvgCzss2&sig ca5zUrjXZ75CmfXT0so 6snb4gg&hl en&ei yULYS H2N4OBlAeT9OSyCQ&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 1&ved 0CBcQ6AEwAA v onepage&q&f false American Journal of Science , 1862 ref File Antozonite.jpg 200px right File Stinkspat hg.jpg 200px right It is characterized by the presence of multiple inclusion mineral inclusion s containing elemental fluorine ref http www.sciencedirect.com science? ob ArticleURL& udi B6V5Y 487670D 77& user 10& coverDate 12 2F31 2F1977& rdoc 1& fmt high& orig search& sort d& docanchor &view c& searchStrId 1314752295& rerunOrigin google& acct C000050221& version 1& urlVersion 0& userid 10&md5 fe7453ca758af2fbd4fdae6595a87897 Study of the solid and gaseous inclusions in the fluorites from W lsendorf Bavaria, F.R. of Germany and Margnac Haute Vienne, France by microprobe and mass spectrometry , by R. Vochten, E. Esmans and W. Vermeirsch, Chemical Geology , volume 20, 1977 doi 10.1016 0009 2541 77 90047 X ref when the crystals are crushed or broken, the elemental fluorine is released. The fluorine subsequently reacts with atmospheric oxygen ... more details
over pollution ref See also Fluorite Uses Uses of Fluorites Mining References reflist External links ... cgi content abstract 70 2 299 Geology of the fluorite deposits in Kerio Valley, Kenya abstract ... more details
Image Hematite09.jpg thumb Botryoidal hematite A botryoidal texture or mineral Crystal habit habit is one in which the mineral has a globular external form resembling a bunch of grapes as derived from the Greek language Greek . This is a common form for many minerals particularly hematite where it is the classically recognized shape. It is also a common form of goethite , smithsonite , fluorite and malachite . This includes chrysocolla . Each sphere grape in a botryoidal mineral is smaller than that of a reniform mineral, and much smaller than that of a mamillary mineral. Botryoidal minerals form when many nearby seed crystal nuclei , specks of sand, dust, or other particles , are present. Layers of mineral material are deposited radially around the nuclei. As more material is deposited, the spheres grow larger and eventually overlap with those that are nearby. These nearby spheres are then fused together to form the botryoidal cluster . References Klein, Cornelis and Cornelius S. Hurlbut, Jr. 1985 Manual of Mineralogy Wiley 20th ed. p 199 ISBN 0 471 80580 7 http www.minerals.net mineral glossary botryoidal.aspx http www.britannica.com EBchecked topic 75161 botryoidal texture Category Mineral habits Geology stub nl Bothryodaal kristal ... more details
A rare earth mineral is a mineral which contains one or more rare earth element s as major metal constituents. Rare earth minerals are usually found in association with alkaline to peralkaline igneous complexes, in pegmatite s associated with alkaline magmas and in or associated with carbonatite intrusive s. Perovskite mineral phases are common hosts to rare earth elements within the alkaline complexes. Mantle geology Mantle derived carbonate melts also are carriers of the rare earths. Hydrothermal deposits associated with alkaline magmatism contain a variety of rare earth minerals. The following includes the relatively common hydrothermal rare earth minerals and minerals which often contain significant rare earth substitution col begin col 3 Aeschynite disambiguation aeschynite allanite apatite bastn site britholite brockite cerite fluocerite fluorite col 3 gadolinite monazite parisite stillwellite synchysite titanite wakefieldite xenotime zircon col 3 Image RareEarthOreUSGOV.jpg thumb Rare earth ore, shown with a United States penny for size comparison col end References Jones, Adrian P., Francis Wall and C. Terry Williams, eds. 1996 Rare Earth Minerals Chemistry, Origin and Ore Deposits, The Mineralogy Society Series 7, 372 pp. ISBN 978 0 412 61030 1 reflist Category Lanthanide minerals Category Yttrium minerals Category Scandium minerals mineral stub id Logam tanah jarang ms Galian nadir bumi pt Mineral de terras raras ... more details
coord 69 45 47 N 61 40 4 E display title File Monument of Engineer Evgeny Livanov, Founder of Amderma.jpg right thumb Monument of Engineer Evgeny Livanov, Founder of Amderma 1933 Amderma lang ru , lit. a walrus rookery in Nenets languages Nenets is an urban type settlement in Nenets Autonomous Okrug , Russia , located 490 km from Naryan Mar on the coast of Kara Sea . It was established in 1933. Population 650 Russian Census 2002 2002 Census 5,100 Soviet Census 1989 1989 Census 2,900 1968 est. . Fluorite deposits are located in the vicinity of Amderma, but the mines have been abandoned since 1990s http www.dvinainform.ru news 2004 08 31 13003.shtml . It is home to Amderma Airport , a civil airport and military base. External links http www.sevmeteo.ru articles 10 24.shtml An article about Amderma at sevmeteo.ru ru icon Category Urban type settlements in Nenets Autonomous Okrug Category Kara Sea Category Populated places of Arctic Russia NenetsAutonomousOkrug geo stub ar ca mderma de Amderma et Amderma nl Amderma ru fi Amderma uk ... more details
Infobox Korean settlement context north img NK Gangwon Gimhwa.png hangul hanja linktext rr Gimhwa gun mr Kimhwa kun divs 1 p , 1 workers districts, 18 ri Kimhwa is a Administrative divisions of North Korea kun , or county, in Kangwon North Korea Kangwon province, North Korea . It is primarily mountainous, but the county s southeastern region is low lying. The highest peak is Paegyonsan . The chief stream is the Bukhan River Pukhan River . Approximately 80 of the county s area is taken up by forestland. The chief local industry is agriculture. Local crops include potatoes, maize, rice, wheat, and barley. In addition, livestock and silkworms are raised, and orchards are cultivated. There are several mines, exploiting local deposits of manganese , gold, copper, talc, fluorite, barite , and anthracite . Kimhwa is connected to the rest of North Korea by road. See also Geography of North Korea Administrative divisions of North Korea External links baekgwa empas b 119809 empas k 289266 naver 32883 nate 17223500 Kangwon coord missing North Korea Category Counties of Kangwon Province North Korea ko ja no Kimhwa sv Kimhwa vi Kimhwa zh ... more details
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