A foam path is the aviation safety practice of spreading a layer of Fire fighting foam fire suppression foam on an airport runway prior to an emergency landing . Originally, it was thought this would prevent fires, but the practice is now discouraged. The U.S. FAA recommended foam paths for emergency landings beginning in 1966, but withdrew that recommendation in 1987, although it did not bar its use. In 2002, a circular recommended against using pre foaming except in certain circumstances. In particular, the FAA was concerned that pre foaming would deplete firefighting foam supplies in the event they were needed to respond to a fire. Also, foam on the runway may decrease the effectiveness of the landing airplane s brake s, possibly leading to it overshooting the runway. Foam is still used in aviation firefighting, usually in conjunction with Purple K dry chemical. External links http www.boeing.com commercial airports faqs runwayfoamrequirements.pdf Runway foaming requirements Boeing recommendations to airplane operators PDF http www.faa.gov airports airport safety certalerts media cert0204.rtf CertAlert No. 02 04 FAA circular from 2002 recommending against runway foaming rtf http www.airdisaster.com download 737gear.shtml Foam landing video Piedmont Airlines 1948 1989 Piedmont Airlines now US Airways Boeing 737 737 lands in a foam path in the 1980s 737 introduced 1967, Piedmont changes name 1989 Category Firefighting equipment Category Safety Category Aviation accidents and incidents de Schaumteppich ... more details
other uses File Sea foam at Ocean Beach in San Francisco 1 on 3 25 11.jpg thumb 300px Sea foam in San Francisco. Sea foam , ocean foam , beach foam , or spume is a type of foam created by the agitation ... weather seafoam.htm What is that foam in the surf? CoastalBC.com . Accessed ... tension . Due to its low density and persistence, foam can be blown by strong on shore winds from the beach face inland onto sidewalks and streets. Hazards File Plankton creates sea foam 2.jpg thumb Close up of sea foam on a tide pool Where polluted stormwater from rivers or drains discharges to the coast, sea foam formed on adjacent beaches can be polluted with viruses and other contaminants, ref name ABC ref name Lander A. Lander, http www.sunshinecoastdaily.com.au story 2008 02 20 foam back The foam is back , Sunshine Coast Daily , 20 February 2008. Accessed 5 November 2010 ref and may have an unpleasant odour. ref Sam Benger, http www.sunshinecoastdaily.com.au story 2008 01 17 murky foam has residents lather Murky foam has residents in lather , Sunshine Coast Daily , 17 January 2008 ... polluted stormwater are present, the resulting sea foam is even more persistent, and can have a chocolate mousse texture. ref name Lander If the foam forms from the breakdown of a Algal bloom Harmful ... , direct contact with the foam, or inhalation of aerosols derived the foam as it dries, can cause ... amounts of sea foam up to several metres thick can accumulate at the coast and constitute a physical ... on sea.html?site sydney&program north coast emergency Warnings on sea foam on beaches , ABC North ... of sea foam occurred on the coast of Yamba, New South Wales Yamba, northern New South Wales , coord ... Williams, http www.dailytelegraph.com.au news nsw act yamba hit by foam lather story e6freuzi 1111114272509 Yamba hit by foam lather , The Daily Telegraph , 27 August 2007. Accessed 5 November ... www.hoax slayer.com whipped ocean foam.shtml Whipped Ocean Beach Foam at Yamba New South Wales ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 File Grady Sizemore Foam Finger.jpg thumb right A fan raises a foam hand at a Cleveland Indians game A foam hand , also known as a foam finger , is a sports paraphernalia item worn on the hand to show support for a particular team. The most common version resembles an oversized hand with an extended index finger. Usually the surface displays a silk screen ed team name, logo , or other graphic or slogan, such as We Are 1. Foam hands are made of open celled foam slits in their bases allow them to be worn. Invented by Geral Fauss in 1978, who originally created the giant finger out of plywood. Common shape variations Instead of a human hand, the foam finger is in the shape of a talon, hoof, paw, or other hand analog to resemble that of the team mascot. The index finger, thumb, and pinky are extended in the American Sign Language sign for love . Often this version is captioned, Gotta Love Those team name . The index finger and pinky are extended to represent gestures such as University of South Florida s Go Bulls or University of Texas Hook em Horns . The middle finger is extended in the obscene hand gesture the finger . The index, middle, and pinky fingers are extended in the shocker hand gesture shocker position. Besides being sold at all manner of sporting events and venues as souvenirs, foam fingers are used as fund raisers for schools and booster clubs as well as corporate promotions. To date, the majority of foam hands have been produced in a plane geometry planar like form. However, in early 2009, a product that more closely replicates the dimensional form of a human hand like Hulk Hands with an extended finger was introduced and marketed under the trade name Radhand , a company owned by Vincent DeFelice and Dennis Magner. External links commons category inline Foam hands DEFAULTSORT Foam Hand Category Sports paraphernalia de Foam Hand ... more details
Ballistic foam is a foam that sets hard. It is widely used in the manufacture and repair of aircraft to form a light but strong filler for aircraft wing s. The foam is used to surround aircraft aircraft fuel systems fuel tanks to reduce the chance of fires caused by the penetration of incendiary ammunition incendiary projectiles . ref http www.dtic.mil cgi bin GetTRDoc?AD ADB029486&Location U2&doc GetTRDoc.pdf Ballistic Evaluation of Aircraft Explosion Suppression Materials ref See also Vaporific effect References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Ballistic Foam Category Foams Aviation stub ... more details
Orphan date November 2006 Polyimide foam is a foam designed by NASA , manufactured by Inspec Foams Evonik Foams, Inc. in Magnolia, Arkansas , and marketed under the name Solimide. Its primary purposes are as an insulator such as for rocket fuel s and acoustic damper. NASA engineered the product to have relatively low outgassing a problem in vacuum and aboard spacecraft , desirable thermal and acoustic performance, as well as uniformity during distribution and application. Typical uses of the foam include ducting, duct piping insulation, structural components, and strengthening of hollow components while remaining lightweight. See also aerogel Polyimide ferroelectret External links http www.sti.nasa.gov tto spinoff1998 t3.htm Brief NASA article on Solimide http www.evonikfoams.com Evonik Foams public website DEFAULTSORT Polyimide Foam Category Foams ... more details
Image Foamfixer.jpg thumb right Foam fixer pump used to draw silicone foam individual components, then mix them at the nozzle and dispense into desired location. Image Silicone foam sakno1.jpg thumb right Silicone foam having been dispensed into hole in a wall, above a door. Silicone foam is a synthetic rubber product used in gasket ing, sheets and firestop s. It is available in solid, cured form as well as in individual liquid components for field installations. Uses Gasket s Sheets High temperature tubes for autoclave s Firestop s Surfactant s Vulcanisation When the constituent components of silicone foam are mixed together, they evolve hydrogen gas, which causes bubbles to form within the rubber, as it changes from liquid to solid. This results in an outward pressure, causing friction between the foam and whatever it is poured into. Temperature and humidity can influence the rate of expansion. If the gas escapes over time, that friction is reduced. See also Firestop Gerald W. Brown Vulcanization Vulcanisation Rubber External links Commons category Silicone foam http www.nrc.gov reading rm doc collections event status event 2010 20100921en.html en46261 United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission Event Number 46261 1 gap appeared in the RTV silicone foam firestop in an Appendix R ... 09 20 2010 http www.mtiglobalinc.com companies na silicones groendyk magnicell.html Silicone foam used ... Elastomerics silicone foam used in gasketing http www.silicone sponge supply.com Silicone sponge sheets ... in Diablo Canyon starting inside silicone foam http www.nrc.gov reading rm doc collections gen comm ... POTENTIAL PROBLEMS WITH SILICONE FOAM FIRE BARRIER PENETRATION SEALS http www.nrc.gov reading rm doc ... foam pr.html ccnr.org Representative Ed Markey s Statements concerning flammable firestops http www.dowcorning.com content discover discoverchem si stabilizers.aspx?bhcp 1 Silicone foam surfactant, the Marangioni effect on cell stabilisation DEFAULTSORT Silicone Foam Category Foams Category Rubber ... more details
Sticky foam is an incapacitant , used when less lethal force is required, consisting of various extremely tacky and or tenacious materials carried in compressed form with a propellant and used to block, entangle, and impair individuals. A National Institute of Justice funded project at Sandia National Laboratory developed a gun which could fire multiple shots of sticky foam. After testing the product for corrections applications, Sandia provided the U.S. Marine Corps Operation United Shield with sticky foam guns and supporting equipment to assist in the withdrawal of peacekeeping UN Peacekeepers from Somalia . Problems with this technology include the serious risk of smothering suffocating the subject skin clean up the foam may not be toxic, but solvents are often harsh gun clogging targeting and firing and gun cleaning. The Marine Corps reportedly successfully used the sticky foam guns as part of the operation in Somalia. The sticky foam was mentioned in the bestseller book, Men Who Stare at Goats , and became slightly better known to the general public. ref http adsabs.harvard.edu abs 1997SPIE.2934...96S Scott, Steven H. Sticky foam as a less than lethal technology, p. 96 103 of Proc. SPIE v. 2934, Security Systems and Nonlethal Technologies for Law Enforcement , John B. Alexander, Debra D. Spencer, Steve Schmit & Basil J. Steele, Eds. ref References reflist External links http www.defensetech.org archives 002220.html Sticky Foam Gets Serious http www.aquafoam.com MilitaryDefenseLaw.html Bibliography updated 6 Jun 2006 of Aqueous Foam Technology Uses in Military, Defense and Law Enforcement Category Non lethal weapons weapon stub fr Sticky foam ... more details
Ceramic foam is a tough foam made from ceramic s. Manufacturing techniques include impregnating open cell polymer foams internally with ceramic slurry and then firing in a kiln , leaving only ceramic material. The foams may consist of several ceramic materials such as aluminum oxide , a common high temperature ceramic, and gets insulating powers from the many tiny air filled voids within the material. The foam can be used not only for thermal insulation, ref name sciencedaily cite web url http www.sciencedaily.com releases 2001 05 010518082028.htm title Novel Ceramic Foam Is Safe And Effective Insulation work Science Daily date May 18, 2001 accessdate November 11, 2011 ref but for a variety of other applications such as acoustic insulation , ref name sciencedaily absorption of environmental pollutants , ref name sciencedaily filtration of molten metal alloys, and as substrate for catalyst s requiring large internal surface area. It has been used as stiff lightweight structural material, specifically for support of reflecting telescope mirrors. References reflist DEFAULTSORT Ceramic Foam Category Ceramics Material stub ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Foam Index test is a rapid method to determine the relative levels of Air Entraining ... custom concrete downloads TB 0202.pdf Foam Index Test procedure ref ref name Dodson V.H. Dodson, Foam Index Test, Concrete Admixtures, Structural Engineering Series, Van Nostrand ... air into concrete. The Foam Index Test was developed to measure capacities of AEA for cement mineral admixtures during concrete mixing. ref name Dodson The Foam Index Test is a laboratory titration ... into a fly ash and cement suspension and the suspension is shaken. The added AEA leads to foam ... of the test, the AEA absorption sites are saturated and the AEA contributes to foam formation on the top of the mixture. The amount of AEA required to obtain stable foam depends on fly ash quality ... on unburned carbon in fly ash and development of a standardized foam index test, Cement & Concrete ... AEA is needed to obtain stable foam . Procedure of foam index test Adding diluted AEA one drop at a time is the most accurate way to measure the foam index, especially when trying to develop your ability ... material until you get near the Index level. The traditional way to identify foam index values is by visual observation. A Stable Foam is achieved when no open areas of liquid show for at least 30 45 seconds on the surface of the foam. Bubbles break rapidly at AEA levels below the Index level. Bubbles ... several times in a row to help calibrate your eye. Although the Foam Index test is not designed to determine ... ref name Automated http www.worldofcoalash.org 2007 ashpdf 28stencel.pdf Automated foam index test ..., correlations are possible between AEA dosage requirements and Foam Index test results. gallery ... surface gallery Automated Foam Index Test AFIT The AFIT ref name Automated instrument quantifies the dynamic ... without intrusion of a probe or device into a working environment. Appropriate foam ... foam index values and foaming measurements. References references External links http www.acaa usa.org ... more details
refimprove date September 2011 File MemoryFoam fast.jpg thumb Memory foam Memory foam is polyurethane ... visco elastic polyurethane foam, or low resilience polyurethane foam see LRPu . Higher density memory foam softens in reaction to body heat, allowing it to mold to a warm body in a few minutes. A lower density memory foam is pressure sensitive and molds quickly to the shape of a body pressing against it, returning to its original shape once the pressure is removed. The speed with which a foam ... among memory foam mattress producers, many of whom tout newer generation foams with faster recovery ... Exhibitors emphasize value pricing in Vegas Foam trends, adjustables and top of bed also make news . BedTimes Magazine . November 2009. Retrieved 2011 8 26. ref History Memory foam ... were major contributors to this project. The temperature sensitive memory foam was initially referred to as slow spring back foam Yost called it temper foam . ref name spinoff http www.sti.nasa.gov ..., the foam has an open cell solid structure that matches pressure against it, yet slowly springs ... the foam, including it in both medical equipment such as X ray table pads and sports equipment such as football helmet liners. After Dynamic Systems sold memory foam products to Becton, the range of products was expanded. When NASA released memory foam to the public domain in the early 1980s, Fagerdala World Foams was one of the few companies willing to work with the foam, as the manufacturing ... eventually led to the mattress and cushion company, Tempur World. Memory foam was subsequently ... s or gangrene . Memory foam mattresses remarkably decreased such events. ref name spinoff Memory foam was initially too expensive for widespread use, Fact date August 2008 but in recent years it has ... for persons suffering long term pain or postural problems for example, a memory foam cervical pillow ... find the added warmth helps to decrease the pain. Fact date August 2008 Properties A memory foam mattress ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2010 Foam Cakes are cakes with very little if any fatty material such as butter, oil or shortening, and which are leavened primarily by the air that is beaten into the egg whites that they contain. They differ from butter cake s, which contain shortening, and baking powder or baking soda for leavening purposes. Examples of foam cakes are angel food cake , meringue and chiffon cake . Category Cakes dessert stub ... more details
orphan date January 2009 Foam separation is a chemical process which falls into a category of separation techniques called Adsorptive bubble separation method s . ref Adsorptive bubble separation methods, R. Lemlich 1968 Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol. 60 10 16 29 ref It is further divided into froth flotation and foam fractionation . References references Category Chemical processes ... more details
ref improve date November 2011 Foam rolling is a self myofascial release SMR technique that is used by athletes and physical therapists to inhibit overactive muscles. This form of stretching utilizes the concept of autogenic inhibition to improve soft tissue extensibility, thus relaxing the muscle and allowing the activation of the antagonist muscle. ref Gossman MR, Sahrman SA, Rose SJ Review of Length Associated Changes in Muscle Experimental Evidence and Clinical Implications. Phys. Ther. 62 1799 1808. 1982 ref This technique can be effective for many muscles, including gastrocnemius , latissimus dorsi , piriformis , adductors , quadriceps , hamstrings , hip flexors , thoracic spine trapezius and rhomboids , and Tensor fasciae latae muscle TFL . ref http www.customstrength.com foamrollguide.pdf ref It is accomplished by rolling the foam roller under each muscle group until a tender area is found, and maintaining pressure on the tender area for 30 60 seconds. ref http www.strengthcoach.com public 1303.cfm ref Equipment The equipment that is used for foam rolling usually consists of a foam cylinder of various sizes commonly 12 inches long, 6 inches in diameter. However, longer foam rolls up to 36 inches in length are produced for rolling over certain muscles in the back. A variety of foam roll densities also exist. People who are new to foam rolling, or those who have particularly tight muscles or severe trigger points should start with a softer foam roll. Often the color can help to distinguish the density. White rolls are typically softer, while blue and black rolls tend to be harder. Citation needed date December 2011 References reflist Category Manipulative therapy Alt med stub External Links ... more details
Reticulated foam is a very porosity porous , low density solid foam . Reticulated means like a net device ... windows. In contrast, the foam formed by soap bubbles is composed solely of intact fully enclosed bubbles. In a reticulated foam only the linear boundaries where the bubbles meet remain. File Reticulated foam.JPG 300px thumb Reticulated foamFoam before reticulation left , after reticulation right The solid component of a reticulated foam may be an organic polymer like polyurethane , a ceramic ... Weaire Phelan structure is the most recent. In a reticulated foam only the Edge geometry edges of the polyhedra remain the Face geometry faces are missing. In commercial reticulated foam, up to 98 ... citeweb url http www.crestfoam.com decanew2.html title The shape of our foam publisher Crest Foams ... url http smu.edu math research rmfoam.pdf title Structure of random monodisperse foam ref ref citeweb ... Reticulation affects many of the physical properties of a foam. Typically resistance to compression ... process for making reticulated polyurethane foam in 1956 while working for the Scott Paper Company ... Foam Association accessdate 2009 09 30 ref Producing reticulated Polyurethane uses polyurethane foam is a two step procedure a conventional flexible polyurethane foam is produced then the windows or faces of the foam are removed. The high surface area of the windows makes them more susceptible to either combustion or chemical degradation than the cell struts edges . Filling the closed cell foam ... the foam to a sodium hydroxide solution, again with careful control, removes the windows and leaves the edges. ref name ufp citeweb url http steplaw.com reticulatedfoam.html title Reticulated foam publisher United Foam accessdate 2009 09 30 ref Reticulated ceramic foams are made by coating a reticulated polyurethane foam with an aqueous suspension of a ceramic powder then heating the material ... foam s a fit 0221 title Where Reticulated Polyurethane Foam s a Fit first Robert last Gliganic publisher ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Adventures in Foam Type Album Artist Amon Tobin Cujo Cover Cujo Adventures in Foam.jpg Released 16 September 1996 Recorded Genre Breakbeat , Trip Hop Length 68 05 Label Ninebar Producer Amon Tobin Last album This album Adventures in Foam br 1996 Next album Bricolage album Bricolage br 1997 Album ratings rev1 Allmusic rev1score Rating 3.5 5 ref Allmusic class album id r248658 pure url yes Allmusic review ref rev2 Pitchfork Media rev2score 9.4 10 ref http web.archive.org web 20070705234516 http www.pitchforkmedia.com article record review 16393 adventures in foam Pitchfork Media review ref Automatically generated by DASHBot Adventures in Foam is the only album by Amon Tobin under the name Cujo artist Cujo . It was first released in September 1996 on the small south London label Ninebar records. This was around the same time that Tobin signed with Ninja Tune to proceed recording under his own name. Track listing Original Ninebar edition The tracklists ... CD Adventures In Foam intro 1 49 Cat People 5 55 Northstar 6 09 Fat Ass ... edition Image Cujo adventures in foam cover.jpg thumb Unapproved cover variant. The album was released ... Bricolage . Adventures In Foam Intro Traffic The Light Cat People Paris Streatham A Vida Fat Ass Joint ... release of the album. In a press release, the label stated The fact remains that Adventures In Foam ... cover art and mis titled tracks. ref http ninjatune.net release cujo adventures in foam ref The Ninja ... Reflist External links http www.amontobin.com discography album&name Adventures in Foam 28Album 29 Listen to Adventures in Foam on amontobin.com MusicBrainz album id a1eca841 448d 4d66 8dd3 95c21dd9490e name Adventures In Foam http www.pe7er.com Amon Tobin Cujo Discography Unofficial but Complete at pe7er.com Category 1996 debut albums Category Amon Tobin albums fr Adventures in Foam nl Adventures in Foam pl Adventures in Foam ... more details
Foam fractionation is a chemical process in which hydrophobic molecule s are Separation process preferentially separated from a solution liquid solution using rising columns of foam . It is commonly used ... of Cincinnati ref Lemlich R, Lavi E 1961 Foam fractionation with reflux, Science 134 , p.191 ref ref Lemlich R 1968 Adsorptive bubble separation techniques Foam fractionation and allied techniques ... processes, of which foam fractionation is one example. Until the mid 2000s, there was very little further development of foam fractionation or attempts to understand the underlying physics of the process ... has been slow despite its enormous potential. Foam fractionation is closely related ... which rise to form a pneumatic i.e. rising foam. In this way, relatively hydrophobic particles ... into the prediction of liquid fraction and liquid flux in a pneumatic foam, that enabled a preliminary mechanistic description of foam fractionation. ref Stevenson P, Jameson GJ 2007 Modeling continuous foam fractionation with reflux, Chemical Engineering and Processing 39 , p.590 ref The synergies between foam fractionation and froth flotation have been explored in a 2009 special issue of the Asia Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering . Design considerations Robert Lemlich showed how foam ..., rather than absorb by travelling into the bulk of one phase from another, and The foam autogenously ... recovery but lower enrichment. Foam fractionation proceeds via two mechanisms The target molecule adsorbs to a bubble surface, and The bubbles form a foam which travels up a column and is discharged to the foamate stream of foam fractionation. The rate at which certain non ionic molecules can adsorb ... of the rising foam, which is a complex system dependent upon bubble size distribution, stress state ... is described by the Hydrodynamic Theory of Rising Foam. ref Stevenson P 2007 Hydrodynamic theory of rising foam, Minerals Engineering 20 , p.282 ref Applications Enrichment of the solutions of biomolecules ... more details
Multiple issues wikify March 2012 orphan February 2009 unreferenced June 2008 A flogo for floating logo or foam balloon , is a shaped mass of lighter than air soap bubble s. They are not balloons, as they have no envelope, but consist merely of a raft of soap bubbles filled with helium . They are shaped by being moulded repeatedly from the launching machine. It is possible to create foam balloons with diameter of more than 1 metre. Identical foam balloons can be manufactured with the same machine in short repetition periods. Foam balloons are used frequently for advertising purposes, since they can be manufactured easily in the form of company symbols. In principle also wind conditions in the lower atmosphere can be easily monitored with their aid. Foam balloons are not long term stable, but decay after some hours. Nevertheless they can reach heights of several kilometres. External links official website http globalspecialeffects.com gse flogos index.html http www.foxnews.com story 0,2933,351579,00.html http www.technovelgy.com ct Science Fiction News.asp?NewsNum 1584 http www.msnbc.msn.com id 24162063 ns technology and science science t it bird plane no its flogo Patents cite patent US 6868691 cite patent US 6321559 cite patent US 6474091 cite patent US 6474090 Category Advertising Category Balloons technology stub pl Logoloty ... more details
Foam Magazine is an international photography magazine, founded in 2001 by Foam Fotografiemuseum Amsterdam and branding agency Vandejong Amsterdam. The Magazine is a place for the publication and exhibition of photography worldwide and is distributed in 25 countries. Quarterly, Foam Magazine presents eight portfolios around a single theme. Attention is given to all facets of photography, from documentary to fashion, from contemporary to historical, from world renowned to upcoming talent. Foam Magazine links an international network of photography enthusiasts photographers, picture editors, designers and many others. Each autumn the magazine publishes a double issue with the theme, Talent. Young and undiscovered photography talent is given the opportunity to submit work for international publication. A selection of work from the magazine is available for purchase from Foam Editions or is exhibited at Foam Amsterdam. Foam Talent Foam Magazine publishes a yearly talent issue. Young talent up to 35 years old can submit work for this issue. Sixteen photographers get the chance to show their work in the magazine. In 2010 1.000 young photographers submitted their work. Awards Foam Magazine has won several awards The ADCN Silverlamp A Distinctive Merit Award from the New York Art Directors Club A D&D Award in the category Magazine & Newspaper design A nomination for the Lucie Award in the category Best Photopraphy Magazine of the year 2008 Distribution Foam Magazine is available worldwide Europe Netherlands, Belgium, France, Great Britain, Switzerland, Austria, Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Italy, Greece Worldwide USA, Canada, Thailand, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Korea, Japan, Lebanon, Singapore, Turkey, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. Portfolio highlights 2003 Mario Testino Peter Grasner Joan Fontcuberta 2004 Sophie Calle Marnix Goossens Peter Fraser 2005 ... Subotzky External links http www.foam.org magazine Website Foam Magazine http www.vandejong.com Website ... more details
Image Gallbladder cholesterolosis intermed mag cropped.jpg right thumb 250px Foam cells in cholesterolosis of the gallbladder . H&E stain . Foam cells are Cell biology cells in an atheroma derived from both macrophages and Smooth muscle tissue smooth muscle . In chronic hyperlipidemia , lipoprotein s aggregate within the Tunica intima intima of blood vessel s and become oxidized by the action of oxygen free radical s generated either by macrophage s or endothelial cells. The macrophages engulf oxidized low density lipoprotein s LDLs by endocytosis via scavenger receptors, which are distinct from LDL receptors. The oxidized LDL accumulates in the phagocytes, which are then known as foam cells. ref name Robbins and Cotran cite book title Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease year 2010 publisher Saunders Elsevier location Philadelphia isbn 978 1 4160 3121 5 pages 500 501 author Kumar, Abbas, Fausto, Aster edition Eighth Edition International page 500 chapter 11 ref Foam cells form the fatty streaks of the plaques of atheroma in the tunica intima of arteries. Foam cells are not dangerous as such, but can become a problem when they accumulate at particular foci thus creating a necrotic centre of atherosclerosis . If the fibrous cap that prevents the necrotic centre from spilling into the lumen anatomy lumen of a vessel ruptures, a thrombus can form which can lead to embolus emboli occluding smaller vessels. The occlusion of small vessels results in ischemia , and contributes to stroke and myocardial infarction , two of the leading causes of cardiovascular related death. Additional images gallery Image Papillary renal cell carcinoma 1.jpg A micrograph showing foam cells in the vascular wiktionary Papillae papillae of papillary renal cell carcinoma . H&E stain . gallery References reflist 2 Blood Vascular diseases Category Blood cells Category Angiology cell biology stub de Schaumzelle fr Cellule spumeuse sv Skumcell ... more details
Spray foam is a very specialised packing material, often required for use in shipping valuable fragile items. Engineered packaging principles are designed to protect sculptures, vases, large fossils, lamp bases, busts, computers, furniture, chandeliers and other objects of unusual shape. By virtue of the liquid foam expanding by up to 280 times the volume of its liquid state, it efficiently protects almost any size, form and weight. Instapak , a product made by Sealed Air , is a common trademark for this sort of packaging. The custom fit of the molds, top and bottom, securely and uniformly cushions the object. There are many types of alternative materials that can be used to handle more specific needs. Spray foam is also an informal term used to refer to various plastic foam materials that are used in building construction to provide thermal insulation and minimize Infiltration HVAC air infiltration . Polyurethane and polyisocyanurate are two types of foam used in this application. Another type of use quite familiar in South East Asian countries is applying the pu or pur foam by spraying it against the bottom of roof tiles under high pressure with a spray gun. A hard but flexible layer of rigid foam is then created and seals all the tiles to each other and to the steel structure. This spraying method, especially very popular in Thailand, is used not only against heavy leaks but helps also as insulation against the enormous heat the roofs constantly face. This tropic heat actually ... Foam provides a complete, seamless building envelope, creating a more comfortable indoor ... from nail fatigue, and to obtain optimum insulation, an 85mm layer of polyurethane foam can be sprayed ... the roof by fixing the nails, battens and roofing felt. As the foam is a superior insulant, coupled ... and tanks freezing. Some 150,000 properties have been treated with polyurethane foam insulation in the UK ... foam. This allows existing home and business owners to conserve energy by creating a thermal envelope ... more details
Melamine foam is a foam like material consisting of a formaldehyde melamine sodium bisulfite copolymer . The foam is manufactured in Germany by BASF under the name Basotect . It has been used for over 20 years as Thermal insulation insulation for pipe fluid conveyance pipe s and ductwork , and has a long history as a soundproofing material for studios, sound stage sound stages , auditoriums, and the like. The low smoke and flame properties of melamine foam prevent it from being a fire hazard Citation needed date December 2007 . Cleaner In the early 21st century it was discovered that melamine foam was an effective abrasive cleaner. Citation needed date July 2010 The open cell foam is microporous material microporous and its polymeric substance is very hard, so that when used for cleaning it works like extremely fine sandpaper , getting into tiny grooves and pits in the object being cleaned. On a larger scale the material feels soft. Because the bubbles interconnect, its structure is more like a maze of fiberglass strands, when compared to the array of separate bubbles in a material such as expanded polystyrene foam for example, Styrofoam . Rubbing with a slightly moistened foam may remove otherwise uncleanable external markings from surfaces. For example, it can remove crayon , magic marker , and Petroleum grease from painted walls, wood finishings, plastic adhering paints from treated wooden tables, adhesive residue, and grime from hub cap s Citation needed date February 2009 . If the surface being cleaned is not sufficiently hard, it may be finely scratched by the melamine material. The foam wears away, rather like a pencil eraser , leaving behind a slight residue which can be rinsed off. See also Melamine resin References Reflist Unreferenced date February 2007 External links http www.plasticsportal.net wa plasticsEU function conversions publish common upload foams basotect consumer eraser.pdf BASF Story about Mr. Clean Magic Eraser http www.plasticsportal.net wa ... more details
Image Aluminium foam.jpg thumb right Foamed aluminium A metal foam is a cellular structure consisting ... can be sealed closed cell foam , or they can form an interconnected network open cell foam ... retain some physical property physical properties of their base material. Foam made from non flammable metal will remain non flammable and the foam is generally recyclable back to its base material ... be reduced. ref http www.makeitfrom.com compare ?left Cast Alum&right Alum Foam Compare Materials Cast Aluminium and Aluminium Foam . Makeitfrom.com. Retrieved on 2011 11 19. ref Open cell metal foams Image Metal Foam in Scanning Electron Microscope, magnification 10x.GIF thumb right Open cell metal foam Open celled metal foams are usually replicas using open celled polyurethane foams as a skeleton ... in Metallic foam Flow Laws, Heat Transfer and Convective Boiling journal Advanced Engineering Materials ... forced convection in finned metal foam heat sinks journal J. Electron. Packag. year 2009 volume ... Closed cell metal foam was first reported in 1926 by Meller in a French patent where foaming of light ... in water. Orthopedic uses main Osseointegration Advances in materials engineering metal foams Foam metal ..., a hole is drilled into the bone and the metal foam inserted letting the bone grow into the metal ... Husky named Triumph whose both back legs received foam metal prostheses. ref cite web title ... ref Studies on mammals have shown that porous metals, such as titanium foam, may allow ... Osseointegration with Titanium Foam in Rabbit Femur , YouTube ref Orthopedic use in humans More recently, orthopedic device manufacturers have started producing devices that use either foam construction or metal foam coatings ref http www.youtube.com watch?v Vj79YKYb5FQ&feature related Titanium coatings ... ref Metal foam technology has also been applied in the treatment of the automotive exhaust gas . ref http www.alantum.com en gastreatment.html Alantum Innovations in Alloy Foam Home . Alantum.com. ... more details
tooshort date November 2009 Creamola Foam was a soft drink produced in the form of soluble crystals. It was manufactured in Glasgow and sold mainly in Scotland from the 1950s until Nestl ended production in October 1998. In 2010, a company from Dumbarton started producing a re creation of Creamola Foam under the name Kramola Fizz. An alternative product called Krakatoa is now being manufactured by Ally Bally Bees Ltd, based in Fife and is now exported to Europe and the USA. The Creamola Foam Appreciation Society have named it The closest to the real thing . In seven blind tasting across Central Scotland it came out on top Details Creamola foam came in the form of colourful crystals which were dissolved in cold water to form a sweet, effervescent drink. It was packaged in a small tin labelled with a cartoon girl and boy drinking with straws. The drink originally came in raspberry, orange, and lemon flavours cola was a later addition to the range. The product was originally owned by Rowntrees before coming under the banner of Nestle UK until being sold off to Premier Foods . The name is often misspelled as Cremola foam . Early form The original packaging consisted of a small tin with a tight metal lid, normally pried off with a teaspoon. A paper seal covered the foam crystals. The packaging included the phrases CREAMOLA FOAM CRYSTALS MAKES 10 BIG DRINKS FULLY SWEETENED The original ingredient list read sugar fruit acids sodium bicarbonate gum acacia saccharin saponin flavouring colour Later revision The revision introduced in the 80s featured a plastic lid and modernised branding. The label reads, Creamola FOAM . The ingredients were sugar citric acid sodium bicarbonate tartaric ... people born in the 70s, 80s, and early 90s retain an affection and nostalgia for Creamola Foam, as a drink ..., the reincarnation of an old favourite fizzy soluble drink, known as Creamola Foam Crystals, that used ... fremsley 1373841681 creamola foam promotional badges Nestl Category Soft drinks Category Nestl brands ... more details
Unsourced image removed Image blankspile.jpg Clark Foam , founded in 1961, was the premier manufacturer of surfboard blanks foam slabs, reinforced with one or more wooden strips or stringers , which are cast in the rough shape of a surfboard. Company founder Gordon Grubby Clark settled on rigid polyurethane as the material for his blanks, and for decades his company exerted an essentially monopolistic control over the market. ref http www.accessmylibrary.com coms2 summary 0286 17393320 ITM BLANK MONDAY. The New Yorker August , 2006 Bot generated title ref Clark graduated from Claremont McKenna College in 1959. On December 5, 2005, Clark abruptly shut down Clark Foam, citing burgeoning harassment by government regulatory agencies, although no known action was under way against him. However, there were several issues pending with the United States Environmental Protection Agency , which Gordon Grubby Clark said was the reason for the abrupt shutdown of his company in a seven page fax sup http www.surfingthemag.com news surfing pulse clark foam 120505 sup . Since Clark Foam shuttered, surfboard manufacturing has been inundated with new and innovative materials, such as carbon fiber , hollow blanks, and new Flex materials used by other various companies. Notes http www.gmagazine.com.au features 1786 making waves surfing goes green News article about the changes in surfboard manufacture Clark Foam s website was found at www.clarkfoam.com sup http www.clarkfoam.com www.clarkfoam.com sup . reflist Category Sporting goods manufacturers of the United States manufacturing company stub ... more details
Refimprove date March 2007 File Dinner at Mosaic in Ubud, Bali.jpg thumb Parmesan foam on a dinner entree The use of foam in cuisine has been used in many forms in the history of cooking. For example, whipped cream , meringue , and mousse are all foams. In these cases, the incorporation of air or another gas creates a lighter texture and or different mouth feel . More recently, foams have become a part of molecular gastronomy technique. In these cases, natural flavors such as fruit juices, infusions of aromatic herbs, etc are mixed with a neutrally flavored gelling or stabilizing agent such as agar or lecithin , and either whipped with a hand held immersion blender or extruded through a whipped cream canister equipped with N sub 2 sub O cartridges. Such foams add flavor without significant substance, and thus allow cooks to integrate new flavors without changing the physical composition of a dish. ref Cite web author Robert Love work Food & Love blog date April 7, 2009 title Salad of Shaved Fennel, Aged Pecorino, Yuzu Froth url http food.rlove.org 2009 04 salad of shaved fennel aged pecorino.html quote This recipe utilizes a froth of yuzu juice. ref Some famous food foams are foamed espresso, foamed mushroom, foamed beet and foamed coconut. An espuma or thermo whip is commonly used to make these foams through the making of a stock, creating a gel and extruding through the N sub 2 sub O canister. ref Cite web date 11 August 2007 title How To Make Culinary Foam work The Belly Rules ... ref Creating culinary foam To form a stable foam and emulsion , a surfactant , such as lecithin , Monoglyceride ... and stabilization of the dispersed gas phase. To create a protein stabilized foam, it usually ... value the foaming powers and foam formation are generally increased. Often to compare foaming properties ..., it s the proteins ability to stabilize foam against these stresses that determines the foams stability ... foam a 50 reduction in foam volume . ref Cite book author Owen R. Fennema title Fennema s Food Chemistry ... more details
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