Infobox Artery Name Cantelmi Fact date June 2009 artery Latin truncus c liacus, arteria c liaca GraySubject 154 GrayPage 603 Image Gray532.png Caption The celiac artery and its branches. Celiac artery visibile at center. Image2 Surface projections of the organs of the trunk.png Caption2 Surface projections of the major organs of the trunk , showing celiac artery in middle BranchFrom abdominal aorta BranchTo left gastric artery BR common hepatic artery BR splenic artery Precursor vitelline arteries Vein Supplies MeshName Celiac Artery MeshNumber A07.231.114.207 DorlandsPre t 20 DorlandsSuf 12825991 The celiac American and British English spelling differences Simplification of ae and oe or coeliac artery , also known as the celiac trunk , is the first major branch of the abdominal aorta . Branching from the aorta anterior to the upper border of L1 vertebra almost immediately after entering the abdominal cavity through the diaphragm at T12 in humans, it is one of three anterior midline branches of the abdominal aorta the others are the superior mesenteric artery superior and inferior mesenteric artery inferior mesenteric arteries . Region supplied Image Stomach blood supply.svg thumb left 350px Stomach blood supply, originating from celiac artery The celiac artery supplies oxygenated blood to the liver , stomach , abdominal esophagus , spleen and the superior half of both the duodenum and the pancreas . These structures correspond to the embryonic foregut . Similarly, the superior mesenteric artery and inferior mesenteric artery feed structures arising from the embryonic midgut and hindgut respectively. Note that these three anterior branches of the abdominal aorta are distinct and cannot substitute for one another, although there are limited connections between their terminal branches. The celiac artery is an essential source of blood, since the interconnections with the other major arteries of the gut are not sufficient to sustain adequate perfusion . Thus it cannot ... more details
John Paget Figg Hoblyn Ph.D Biological science January 25, 1926 June 13, 2011 was a university professor, and taxonomist . He was educated at Stanford University , California , United States . Academic career His doctorate dissertation in entomology was titled Morphology of the Head and Foregut of Neomachilis Halophilus which was published in 1977 by the Dept. of Biological Sciences. In 1953 he described a unique species of jewel beetle that he had discovered. It was given the name Acmaeodera nanbrownae Figg Hoblyn , 1953 and is from the kingdom Animalia animals, phylum Arthropoda arthropods, class Insecta insects, order Coleoptera beetles, family Buprestidae jewel beetles . ref http www.biolib.cz en taxon id404328 Acmaeodera nanbrownae Figg Hoblyn, 1953 from the BioLib website ref Dr. Figg Hoblyn used to have a lab. at Stanford University and taught at San Jose State University. Figg Hoblyn origins The name Figg Hoblyn comes from two families ref http google.com search?q cache MMSRHHAMLZkJ ca files.biofiles.us SB1927V2 301 400.pdf figg hoblyn estate colan&cd 17&hl en&ct clnk&gl uk The History of Santa Barbara County Mrs. Rosalind Anne Figg Hoblyn ref The Figg side of the family is from the London Figgs, from James Figg , The Father of Boxing and also a world champion swordsman. The Figg family is also related to the Ms.Jennifer Figge, the first lady to swim across the Atlantic ocean.Through old family records, researched over a lifetime by a Cornwall expert, the Hoblyn genes were traced back to King Edward I. He married Princess Eleanor of Spain, and one of their daughters, Elizabeth married Sir Humphrey de Bohun, they had a daughter Margaret who married the Earl of Devon, Hugh de Courtney. They then had a son, Sir Hugh de Courtney whose daughter Joan married Baron Nicholas Carew. They then had a son Alexander Carew, who then had a son John Carew, who then had a son Sir Wymond Carew, whose son Thomas Carew, had a son Richard Carew, who then had a son John Carew of ... more details
Taxobox name Protostomes fossil range Fossil range Ediacaran Recent image Caribbean reef squid.jpg image width 200px image caption A Caribbean Reef Squid , an example of a protostome. regnum Animal ia subregnum Eumetazoa unranked phylum Protostomia unranked phylum authority Karl Grobben Grobben , 1908 subdivision ranks Superphylums subdivision Ecdysozoa Lophotrochozoa Platyzoa Protostomia from Greek language Greek meaning mouth first are a clade of animal s. Together with the deuterostome s and a few smaller phylum phyla , they make up the Bilateria , mostly comprising animals with symmetry biology Bilateral symmetry bilateral symmetry and triploblastic three germ layer s. The major distinctions between deuterostome s and protostomes are found in embryonic development . File Protovsdeuterostomes.svg thumb left In animals at least as complex as earthworms , the embryo forms a dent on one side, the blastopore , which deepens to become the archenteron , the first phase in the growth of the Gut zoology gut . In deuterostome s, the original dent becomes the anus while the gut eventually tunnels through to make another opening, which forms the mouth. The protostomes were so named because it used to be thought that in their embryos the dent formed the mouth while the anus was formed later, at the opening made by the other end of the gut. More recent research, however, shows that in protostomes the edges of the dent close up in the middle, leaving openings at the ends which become the mouth and anus. ref cite journal title Evolution of the bilaterian larval foregut author Arendt, D. Technau, U. Wittbrodt, J. journal Nature volume 409 pages 81 85 date 4 January 2001 doi 10.1038 35051075 url http www.nature.com nature journal v409 n6816 full 409081a0.html accessdate 2008 07 14 pmid 11343117 issue 6816 ref what date April 2012 However, this idea has been challenged, because the Acoelomorpha , a group which forms a sister group to the rest of the bilaterian animals, have a sing ... more details
pancreatic duct of Santorini . The junction between the embryological foregut and midgut lies just ... between these sources is important as it demarcates the foregut from the midgut. Proximal to the 2nd ... more details
control the food and fluid movement between three regions. The three regions include the foregut ... of insect digestive tract showing malpighian tubule Orthopteran type 1. Stomatodeum foregut This region ... is enveloped by this part of the gut as it arrives from the foregut by the peritrophic membrane ... bodies originating from the epithelium located on either side of the foregut. They secrete the juvenile ... biology antennae Tritocerebrum, innervating the foregut and the Insect mouthparts Labrum labrum Gullan ... tracheae , foregut , hindgut and endoskeletal structures McGavin 2001 Triplehorn & Johnson, 2005 ... more details
the embryonic foregut and is therefore of endoderm al origin. Pancreatic development begins with the formation of a ventral and dorsal anlage or buds . Each structure communicates with the foregut through ... separately into the duodenum or equivalent part of the foregut . Bird s, for example, typically ... more details
PBB geneid 26057 Ankyrin repeat domain containing protein 17 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ANKRD17 gene . ref name pmid11165478 cite journal author Watt AJ, Jones EA, Ure JM, Peddie D, Wilson DI, Forrester LM title A gene trap integration provides an early in situ marker for hepatic specification of the foregut endoderm journal Mech Dev volume 100 issue 2 pages 205 15 year 2001 month Feb pmid 11165478 pmc doi 10.1016 S0925 4773 00 00530 X ref ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene ANKRD17 ankyrin repeat domain 17 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 26057 accessdate ref The PBB Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template PBB Controls to Stop updates. PBB Summary section title summary text This gene encodes a protein with ankyrin repeats, which are associated with protein protein interactions. Studies in mice suggest that this protein is involved in liver development. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. ref name entrez References reflist Further reading refbegin 2 PBB Further reading citations cite journal author Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB title Normalization and subtraction two approaches to facilitate gene discovery. journal Genome Res. volume 6 issue 9 pages 791 806 year 1997 pmid 8889548 doi 10.1101 gr.6.9.791 cite journal author Ishikawa K, Nagase T, Suyama M, et al. title Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. X. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which can code for large proteins in vitro. journal DNA Res. volume 5 issue 3 pages 169 76 year 1998 pmid 9734811 doi 10.1093 dnares 5.3.169 cite journal author Jones EA, Tosh D, Wilson DI, et al. title Hepatic differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells. journal Exp. Cell Res. volume 272 issue 1 pages 15 22 year 2002 pmid 11740861 doi 10.1006 excr.2001.5396 cite journal author Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et ... more details
This article needs to be clarified and may contain errors. File Protovsdeuterostomes.svg thumb The embryological origin of the mouth and anus is an important characteristic, and forms the morphological basis for separating bilateria n animals into two clade natural grouping s the protostome s and deuterostome s. In animals at least as complex as an earthworm , a dent forms in one side of the early, sphere spheroidal embryo . This dent, the blastopore , deepens to become the archenteron , the first phase in the growth of the Gut zoology gut . In deuterostome s including humans , the original dent becomes the anus, while the gut eventually tunnels through the embryo until it reaches the other side, forming an opening that becomes the mouth. ref name Hejnol2008 It was originally thought that the blastopore of the protostome s formed the mouth, and the anus was formed second when the gut tunneled through the embryo. More recent research has shown that our understanding of protostome mouth formation is somewhat less secure than we had thought. The edges of the dent appear to move together and close up in the middle, leaving openings at the ends which become the mouth and anus. ref cite journal title Evolution of the bilaterian larval foregut author Arendt, D. Technau, U. Wittbrodt, J. journal Nature volume 409 pages 81 85 date 4 January 2001 issue 6816 doi 10.1038 35051075 pmid 11343117 ref However, this idea has been challenged, because the Acoelomorpha , which form a sister group to the rest of the bilaterian animals, have a single mouth which leads into a blind gut with no anus . The genes employed in the embryonic construction of the flatworm mouth are the same as those expressed around the protostomes , which suggests that the two structures are equivalent, and that the older ideas about protostome mouth formation were correct. ref name Hejnol2008 cite journal doi 10.1038 nature07309 year 2008 month Nov author Hejnol, A Martindale, M.q. title Acoel development indic ... more details
dablink See also Pellegrini disambiguation Other uses of the name Pellegrini Orphan date February 2009 Infobox person name Carlos Alberto Pellegrini image image size birth date birth place death date death place occupation Surgeon Carlos Alberto Pellegrini , M.D. , F.A.C.S. , is the former president of the American Surgical Association and the current Henry N. Harkins Professor and Chair of Surgery at the University of Washington . He is the current president of the Society of Surgical Chairs , a regent of the American College of Surgeons , and a director of the American Board of Surgery . Biography Dr. Pellegrini was born to two physicians, and spent his childhood years in rural General L pez Department Amen bar , in Santa Fe Province , Argentina . He attended medical school at the University of Rosario Medical School, graduating in 1971 and remaining there for surgical training until 1975. He emigrated to the U.S. in 1975, in part due to dissatisfaction with the prevailing political climate in Argentina. ref Getting to know Carlos Pellegrini April 10, 2008 . http uwnews.org uweek uweekarticle.asp?articleID 40889 UW News interview . ref He completed his surgical residency at the University of Chicago and began working at the University of California, San Francisco in 1979, moving to the University of Washington in 1993 to assume the chairmanship of its Department of Surgery. Clinical Focus Dr. Pellegrini s clinical focus has been on minimally invasive surgery of the foregut . He leads the Swallowing Center and the Center for Videoendoscopic Surgery at the University of Washington. Research and Education As a researcher, Dr. Pellegrini has investigated a wide variety of disorders and surgical procedures. He has been involved in surgical education research as well and has been involved in the University of Washington s http courses.washington.edu minimed Mini Medical School , an annual series of lectures and seminars on medical topics open to the public. Works Books ... more details
Image ens.png thumb 300px The enteric nervous system is embedded in the lining of the gastrointestinal system . The enteric nervous system ENS is a subdivision of the autonomic nervous system ANS that directly controls the gastrointestinal system in vertebrates. It is derived from neural crest . ref name pmid18385256 cite journal author Barlow AJ, Wallace AS, Thapar N, Burns AJ title Critical numbers of neural crest cells are required in the pathways from the neural tube to the foregut to ensure complete enteric nervous system formation journal Development volume 135 issue 9 pages 1681 91 year 2008 month May pmid 18385256 doi 10.1242 dev.017418 url http dev.biologists.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 18385256 ref ref name pmid16961690 cite journal author Burns AJ, Thapar N title Advances in ontogeny of the enteric nervous system journal Neurogastroenterol. Motil. volume 18 issue 10 pages 876 87 year 2006 month October pmid 16961690 doi 10.1111 j.1365 2982.2006.00806.x ref Function The ENS is capable of autonomous functions ref DorlandsDict eight 000105286 enteric nervous system ref such as the coordination of reflex es although it receives considerable innervation from the autonomic nervous system, it can and does operate independently of the brain and the spinal cord. ref Gershon MD. The Second Brain Harper 1998 p17 ref Its study is the focus of neurogastroenterology . br ENS function can be damaged by ischemia . ref name pmid17375218 cite journal author Linhares GK, Martins JL, Fontanezzi F, Patr cio Fdos R, Montero EF title Do lesions of the enteric nervous system occur following intestinal ischemia reperfusion? journal Acta Cir Bras volume 22 issue 2 pages 120 4 year 2007 pmid 17375218 doi 10.1590 S0102 86502007000200008 url http www.scielo.br scielo.php?script sci arttext&pid S0102 86502007000200008&lng en&nrm iso&tlng en ref Transplantation, which had been described as a theoretical possibility in earlier versions of this article, ref name pmid17369379 cite j ... more details
Other uses Infobox Anatomy Name Gall bladder Latin vesica fellea vesica biliaris GraySubject 250 GrayPage 1197 Image Illu pancrease.svg Caption Diagram of Stomach Image2 Surface projections of the organs of the trunk.png Caption2 Surface projections of the organs of the trunk, with gall bladder labeled at the transpyloric plane Precursor Foregut System Digestive system GI Tract Artery Cystic artery Vein Cystic vein Nerve Celiac ganglia , vagus ref cite book last Ginsburg, Ph.D. first J.N. editor Thomas M. Nosek, Ph.D. title Gastrointestinal Physiology series Essentials of Human Physiology url http www.lib.mcg.edu edu eshuphysio program section6 6ch2 s6ch2 30.htm accessdate 2007 06 29 date 2005 08 22 publisher Medical College of Georgia location Augusta, Georgia, United State pages http www.lib.mcg.edu edu eshuphysio program section6 6ch2 s6ch2 30.htm p. 30 chapter Control of Gastrointestinal Function chapterurl http www.lib.mcg.edu edu eshuphysio program section6 6ch2 6ch2line.htm ref Lymph mesh name Gall bladder mesh number A03.159.439 DorlandsPre g 01 DorlandsSuf 12383343 Bile ducts and pancreas In vertebrates the gall bladder cholecyst , gall bladder , biliary vesicle is a small Organ anatomy organ that aids mainly in fat digestion and concentrates bile produced by the liver . In humans , the loss of the gall bladder is usually easily tolerated. The surgical removal of the gall bladder is called a cholecystectomy . Human anatomy The gallbladder is a hollow system that sits just beneath the liver. ref http www.buzzle.com articles where is the gall bladder located in the body.html ref In adults, the gall bladder measures approximately convert 8 cm in in length and convert 4 cm in in diameter when fully distended. ref name meilstrup cite book author Jon W. Meilstrup title Imaging Atlas of the Normal Gall bladder and Its Variants publisher CRC Press location Boca Raton year 1994 pages 4 isbn 0 8493 4788 2 oclc doi accessdate ref It is divided into three sections fund ... more details
Taxobox image Phyllidiopsis fissuratus.jpg image caption Phyllidiopsis fissuratus , head end at the top of the image regnum Animal ia phylum Mollusca classis Gastropoda classis Gastropoda unranked superfamilia clade Heterobranchia br clade Euthyneura br clade Nudipleura br clade Nudibranch ia br clade Euctenidiacea br clade Doridacea superfamilia Phyllidioidea familia Phyllidiidae genus Phyllidiopsis genus authority Rudolph Bergh Bergh , 1875 Phyllidiopsis is a genus of sea slugs , dorid nudibranch s, shell less marine ocean marine gastropod mollusc s and is the largest genus within the family biology family Phyllidiidae . The species in this genus differ from the other genera in this family by possessing an elongate foregut . Distribution These nudibranchs can be found in the tropical Indo Pacific region, the eastern Pacific region, in the Red Sea , in the Caribbean Sea and a few in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean . About half of the described species can be found in deep waters. Among these deep water sea slugs, there is a group of white species, lacking all contrasting colors. Species There are presently about 30 species in the genus Phyllidiopsis including ref http www.seaslugforum.net search.cfm?searchstring Phyllidiopsis ref ref http www.seaslug.com Resources systemat.html ref ref cite book last VALD S first A. title Deep water phyllidiid nudibranchs Gastropoda Phyllidiidae from the tropical south west Pacific Ocean. in P. Bouchet & B. A. Marshall eds. , Tropical deep sea benthos, volume 22 year 2001 series M moires du Mus um National d Histoire Naturelle volume 22 pages 331 368 chapter 185 accessdate 2010 01 29 ref Phyllidiopsis annae small Brunckhorst, 1993 small Phyllidiopsis anomala small Vald s, 2001 small Phyllidiopsis bayi small Bouchet, 1983 small Phyllidiopsis berghi small Vayssi re, 1902 small Phyllidiopsis blanca small Gosliner & Behrens, 1988 small Phyllidiopsis boucheti small Valdes & Ortea, 1996 small Phyllidiopsis brunckhorsti small Vald s, 2001 sm ... more details
name Modlin2008 cite pmid 18177818 ref Foregut GEP NET foregut tumors can conceptually encompasses not only ... citation Pancreatic endocrine tumors if considered separately from foregut GEP NET ref name ... origin often show similar behavior as a group, such as the foregut which conceptually includes pancreas ... can differ from these group benchmarks Foregut NETs are argentaffin negative. Despite low serotonin ... more details
Tavares & Martin, 2010 , pp. 116 118 ref The digestive system comprises a foregut, a midgut .... 118 ref The foregut begins at the mouth, passes through the oesophagus, and opens into a sac which ... more details
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