about the property of glass forming liquids File Glass Fragility Schematic.jpg thumb Arrhenius plot of fragility of glass formation, including strong and fragile glass formers. This representation of fragility is known as an Angell Plot . In physics of glass glass physics , fragility characterizes how ... with a higher fragility have a relatively narrow glass transition temperature range, while those with low fragility have a relatively broad glass transition temperature range. Physically, fragility may ... Stokes Einstein relationship between viscosity and diffusion. Definition Formally, fragility ... of fragility characterizes the slope of the viscosity or relaxation time of a material with temperature ... transition temperature, m is fragility, and T is temperature. ref name Novikov cite journal last Novikov first V. N. coauthors Ding, Sokolov title Correlation of fragility of supercooled liquids ... Glass formers with a high fragility are called fragile those with a low fragility are called strong ... ref For example, silica has a relatively low fragility and is called strong , whereas some polymers have relatively high fragility ref name Novikov and are called fragile . Fragility has no direct relationship with the colloquial meaning of the word fragility , which more closely relates to the brittleness of a material. Several fragility parameters have been introduced to characterise the fragility of liquids, e.g. Bruning Sutton, ref R. Bruning, M. Sutton. Fragility of glass forming systems .... ref and Doremus fragility parameters. ref R.H. Doremus. Viscosity of silica. J. Appl. Physics, 2002, 92, 7619 7629. ref The Bruning Sutton fragility parameter m relies on the curvature or slope of the viscosity curves. The Avramov fragility parameter is based on a Kohlraush type formula of viscosity ... and high temperatures, which Doremus suggested could be used as a fragility criterion R sub D sub Q sub H sub Q sub L sub . The higher is R sub D sub the more fragile are the liquids, Doremus fragility ... more details
Fragility can refer to a property of a solid, related to brittleness The fragility of glass forming liquids related to the broadness of the glass formation range a medical condition The Fragility Tour of rock act Nine Inch Nails disambig ... more details
Infobox album Name Human Fragility Type Studio Artist Dawn Of Destiny Cover Human Fragility.jpg Released 21 October 2009 Recorded Genre power metal Length Label Shark Records Shark Producer Axel Thubeauville Reviews Last album Rebellion in Heaven br 2008 This album Human Fragility br 2009 Next album Human Fragility is the third album of German people German band Dawn of Destiny ref http www.dawnofdestiny.de news eng.html ref . Track listing Tracklist title1 Decadence Of A Heart title2 Silent Suffering title3 Unborn Child title4 In A Heartless World title5 Learning To Fly title6 A Better Time To Come title7 Human Fragility title8 Destiny Unknown title9 Ten Plagues Of Egypt title10 Dying Alone title11 End Of Pain title12 Blown Away title13 One Heart title14 Unchained Someday title15 For Love Band Tanja Maul Singing Vocals Veith Offenb cher Guitars Jens Faber Bass guitar Bass Patrick Klose Drums Dirk Raczkiewicz Keyboard instrument Keyboards Notes Reflist Use dmy dates date September 2010 DEFAULTSORT Human Fragility Dawn Of Destiny Album Category Power metal albums Category 2009 albums ... more details
Financial Fragility is the vulnerability of a financial system to a financial crisis . ref cite news url http krugman.blogs.nytimes.com 2011 02 04 another kind of financial fragility work The New York Times first Paul last Krugman title Another Kind of Financial Fragility date 4 February 2011 ref Franklin Allen and Douglas Gale define financial fragility as the degree to which ...small shocks have ... Gale title Financial Fragility, Liquidity, and Asset Prices journal Journal of the European Economic ... Schreft write, In macroeconomics, the term financial fragility is used...to refer to a financial ... Fragility journal Journal of Economic Theory year 2001 volume 99 pages 220 264 ref Sources of Financial Fragility Why does the financial system exhibit fragility in the first place? Why do banks ... views of financial fragility which correspond to two views on the origins of financial crisis financial ... fragility, as a bank s assets cannot be liquidated in the event of a crisis to pay all depositors ..., and Financial Fragility A Theory of Banking journal The Journal of Political Economy year 2001 ... Schreft have argued that financial fragility arises from linked portfolios of investors. If investors ... Schreft title Financial Fragility with Rational and Irrational Exuberance journal Journal of Money ... last Van Order first Robert title A Model of Financial Structure and Financial Fragility journal Journal ... Gale Franklin Allen and Douglas Gale discuss financial fragility as large effects from small shocks ... to take on more risk and increase the financial fragility of the banking system. In general, a bailout ... name Keister cite journal last Keister first Todd title Bailouts and Financial Fragility journal Federal ... Regimes An important aspect of financial fragility of the international system is the connection ... between exchange rate regimes and financial fragility. One view relates to the moral hazard created ... currency. This is a source of financial fragility, because a drop in the exchange ... more details
The Fragility of Goodness is a philosophy philosophical book by Martha Nussbaum , which deals with philosophical topics such as the meaning of life by seeking the dialogue with ancient philosophers, such as Aristotle , to whom Nussbaum pays much attention in many of her other works as well. Basic understanding Related topics Ethics External links Reviews Bernard Knox 1986 , New York Review of Books 1986 pp. 51 6 http www.enotes.com contemporary literary criticism nussbaum martha bernard knox review date 4 december 1986 Category Philosophy books ... more details
Interventions infobox Name PAGENAME Image Caption ICD10 ICD9 MeshID D009996 OtherCodes In hematology , osmotic fragility refers to the degree of hemolysis when red blood cells are placed in a hypotonic solution. In general, osmotic fragility is inversely proportional to the cell s surface area to volume. ref cite book authors Rodak, Bernadette F. et al. title Hematology clinical principles and applications publisher Elsevier Health Sciences year 2007 isbn 9781416030065 page 291 url http books.google.com books?id 6sfacydDNsUC&pg PA291 ref ref cite book authors Fischbach, Frances Talaska & Dunning, Marshall Barnett title A manual of laboratory and diagnostic tests edition 8th publisher Lippincott Williams & Wilkins year 2008 isbn 9780781771948 page 116 url http books.google.com books?id CQuBkXDspBkC&pg PA116 ref ref cite book editors Greer, John P. et al. title Wintrobe s clinical hematology publisher Lippincott Williams & Wilkins year 2008 isbn 9780781765077 page 805 url http books.google.com books?id 68enzUD7BVgC&pg PA805 ref References reflist biol stub Myeloid blood tests Category Blood tests ... more details
infobox concert tour concert tour name Fragility type image NIN 11 29 99 London Poster.jpg image caption A promotional poster for Nine Inch Nails concert in London on November 29, 1999 as part of their Fragility v1.0 tour. locations Europe , Japan , Oceania , North America artist Nine Inch Nails album The Fragile start date November 14, 1999 end date July 9, 2000 number of legs 2 number of shows 75 br 44 in North America br 20 in Europe br 6 in Oceania br 5 in Asia br 2 cancelled last tour Self Destruct Tour 1994 this tour Fragility 1999 next tour Live With Teeth Tour br 2005 Fragility Tour was a concert tour in support of industrial rock act Nine Inch Nails The Fragile album, which took place in late 1999, running until mid 2000, and was broken into two major legs, Fragility v1.0 and Fragility v2.0 respectively. Destinations included Europe, Japan, New Zealand, Australia, and North America. ref cite news url http nl.newsbank.com nl search we Archives?p product LVRB&p theme lvrb&p action search&p maxdocs 200&p topdoc 1&p text direct 0 0FD3937E043E83C4&p field direct 0 document id&p perpage 10&p sort YMD date D title Quite a Contrast first Doug last Elfman work Las Vegas Review Journal date 2000 06 02 accessdate 2008 02 01 format fee required ref The tour featured increasingly large production values, including a triptych video display created by contemporary video artist Bill Viola ... focused on storm and water imagery. Rolling Stone magazine named Fragility v2.0 the best ... been first Ryan last Heinz work Western Courier date 2002 02 01 accessdate 2008 02 19 ref The Fragility ... nin historian tour dates.html Nine Inch Nails Tour Dates see Fragility v2.0 section ref ... samples Tour legs Europe small Fragility v1.0 small Typical setlist The New Flesh Pinion Somewhat ... Bassendean Oval North America small Fragility v2.0 small Typical setlist File The Fragile Ticket.jpg ... tours lv Fragility ... more details
Other uses Mechanical failure modes Refimprove date September 2010 A fracture is the local separation ... fracture is often applied to bone s of living creatures that is, a bone fracture , or to crystal ... crystals fracture without the body actually separating into two or more pieces. Depending on the substance which is fractured, a fracture reduces strength of materials strength most substances ... of how fracture occurs in materials may be assisted by the study of fracture mechanics . A fracture ... and rectangles . Fracture strength Image Stress v strain Aluminum 2.png thumb Stress vs. strain ... limit stress br 4. Fracture br 5. Offset strain typically 0.2 Fracture strength , also known as breaking strength , is the stress at which a specimen fails via fracture. ref name degarmo Citation ... strain curve see image . The final recorded point is the fracture strength. Ductile materials have a fracture strength lower than the ultimate tensile strength UTS , whereas in brittle materials the fracture ... strain curve, given by point 3 on curve B. Types Brittle fracture This section is linked from Ceramic Image Glass fracture.jpg right thumb 250px Brittle fracture in glass . Image Pedalarm Bruch.jpg right thumb 250px Fracture of an Aluminum Crank Arm. Bright Brittle fracture. Dark Fatigue fracture. In brittle fracture , no apparent plasticity physics plastic deformation takes place before fracture. In brittle crystalline materials, fracture can occur by cleavage crystal cleavage as the result ... solid s, by contrast, the lack of a crystalline structure results in a conchoidal fracture , with cracks ... at the crack tip. Putting these two equations together, we get math sigma mathrm fracture ... and large defects large math a math both lower the fracture strength of the material. Recently, scientists have discovered supersonic fracture , the phenomenon of crack motion faster than the speed ... by experiment of fracture in rubber like materials. Ductile fracture Image DuctileFailure.jpg left ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Pathologic fracture Image Pathologische Fraktur bei Metastase Nierencell Ca im Humerus.jpg Caption Pathological fracture of the humerus in a patient with metastasis of renal cell carcinoma DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 M 80 m 80 ICD9 ICD9 733.1 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID A pathologic fracture is a broken bone caused by disease leading to weakness of the bone. This process is most commonly due to osteoporosis , but may also be due to other pathologies such as cancer , infection , inherited bone disorders,or a bone cyst . Only a small number of conditions are commonly responsible for pathological fractures , including osteoporosis , osteomalacia , Paget s disease of bone paget s disease , osteitis, osteogenesis imperfecta , benign bone tumours and cysts , secondary malignant bone tumours and primary malignant bone tumours. ref http www.orthopaedia.com display Main Metastatic bone lesions pathological fractures orthopaedia.com ref Fragilityfracture is a type of pathologic fracture that occurs as result of normal activities, such as a fall from standing height or less. There are three fracture sites said to be typical of fragility fractures vertebral fractures, fractures of the neck of the femur, and Colles fracture of the wrist. This definition arises because a normal human being ought to be able to fall from standing height without breaking any bones, and a fracture therefore suggests weakness of the skeleton. ref http orthopedics.about.com cs brokenbones g pathologic.htm orthopedics.about.com ref Pathological fractures present as a chalkstick fracture in long bones, and appear as a transverse fractures nearly 90 degrees to the long axis of the bone. In a pathological compression fracture of a spinal vertebra fractures will commonly appear to collapse the entire body of vertebra . In circumstances where other pathologies are excluded for example, cancer , a pathologic fracture is diagnostic of osteoporosis irrespective of bone ... more details
the long bone running through the thigh , near the hip . The term hip fracture is commonly used to refer to four different fracture patterns and is often due to osteoporosis in the vast majority of cases, a hip fracture is a fragilityfracture due to a fall or minor trauma in someone with weakened ...About proximal femoral fracture s fractures of the hip bone Pelvic fracture Infobox disease Name Hip fracture Image Rt NOF.jpg Caption AP Hip projection demonstrating an Intertrochanteric fracture DiseasesDB ... 198 eMedicine mult eMedicine2 sports 48 MeshID D006620 A hip fracture is a femoral fracture ref http medical dictionary.thefreedictionary.com hip fracture TheFreeDictionary hip fracture Citing McGraw ... Femoral head fracture denotes a fracture involving the femoral head. This is usually the result of high energy trauma and a dislocation of the hip joint often accompanies this fracture. Femoral neck fracture sometimes Neck of Femur NOF , subcapital , or intracapsular fracture Subtrochanteric fracture ... the shaft of the femur. Signs and symptoms The classic clinical presentation of a hip fracture is an elderly ... to the unaffected leg. Risk factors Hip fracture following a fall is likely to be a pathologic fracture pathological fracture . The most common causes of weakness in bone are Osteoporosis . Homocysteine ... imperfecta . Stress fracture s may occur in the hip region with metabolic bone disease. Benign or malignant ... deposits in the proximal femur may weaken the bone and cause a pathological hip fracture. Osteomyelitis Infection in the bone is a rare cause of hip fracture. Diagnosis X rays of the affected hip usually ... fracture is suspected but is not obvious on x ray, a CT scan with 3D reconstruction may be helpful .... Femoral neck Image nof garden2.jpg thumb Garden Type 1 Fractured Neck of Femur File Femoral neck fracture, right hip.jpg thumb Femoral neck fracture three months after surgery. Femoral neck fractures involve the narrow neck between the round head of the femur and the shaft. This fracture often disrupts ... more details
wiktionary fracture A fracture is the local separation of a body into two, or more, pieces under the action of stress. Fracture may specifically refer to Bone fracture , a medical condition in which a bone is cracked or broken Fracture geology , a fracture within a geological formation Fracture mineralogy , a term in mineralogy describing the shape and texture of broken surfaces Fracture may also refer to Fracture Transformers , a fictional character. Fracture 2004 film Fracture 2004 film , a New Zealand film directed by Larry Parr Fracture 2007 film Fracture 2007 film , starring Anthony Hopkins and Ryan Gosling Fracture video game Fracture video game Fractures Family Stories , a book by Budge Wilson Fracture Fringe Fracture Fringe , a season 2 episode of the television series Fringe Fractures album Fractures album , an album by the American hardcore band Killing the Dream disambig ca Fractura de Fracture fr Fracture homonymie it Fracture lv L zums nl Fracture simple Fracture ... more details
Broken Nose redirects here, for the Song by Catherine Wheel, please see Adam and Eve album Adam and Eve Infobox Disease Name PAGENAME Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 S 02 2 s 00 ICD9 ICD9 802.0 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID File BrokenNose.jpg thumb Fractured nose with epistaxis the result of a Rugby football rugby injury. A nasal fracture , commonly referred to as a broken nose , is a fracture of one of the bone bones of the human nose nose . Because of the protrusion of the nose from the face and the fragility of the bones of the nose, a broken nose is one of the most common facial injuries, comprising almost 40 of all facial trauma facial injuries . ref MayoClinic.com. http www.mayoclinic.com health broken nose DS00992 Broken nose . Retrieved on 2008 10 16 ref Causes Nasal fractures are caused by physical trauma to the face. Common sources of nasal fractures include sports injuries, fighting, falls, and car accidents. Symptoms Symptoms of a broken nose include bruising , Swelling medical swelling , tenderness, pain, deformity, and or bleeding of the nose and nasal region of the face. The patient may have difficulty breathing, or excessive nosebleed s if the nasal mucosa are damaged . Diagnosis Nasal fractures are usually identified visually and through physical examination. Diagnosis may be confirmed with X rays or CT scans, particularly if other facial injuries are suspected. Treatment Minor nasal fractures are allowed to heal on their own. Doctors may prescribe ice, pain medication, and nasal decongestants to ease discomfort during the healing process. For nasal fractures where the nose has been deformed, the doctor may attempt to realign the broken bone and cartilage pieces. This can be done manually, or, for more serious breaks, with an outpatient surgical procedure. Notes references fractures Category Injuries of head de Nasenbeinfraktur ru ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Rib fracture Image Fracturedribsmarked.jpg Caption An X ray showing multiple old fractured ribs of the person s left side as marked by the oval. DiseasesDB 11553 ICD10 ICD10 S 22 3 s 20 ICD10 S 22 4 s 20 ICD9 ICD9 807.0 , ICD9 807.1 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj emerg eMedicineTopic 204 eMedicine mult eMedicine2 radio 609 MeshID D012253 A rib fracture is a break or fracture in one or more of the bones making up the rib cage. The first rib is rarely fractured because of its protected position behind the clavicle collarbone . However, if it is broken serious damage can occur to the brachial plexus of nerves and the subclavian vessels. Fractures of the first and second ribs may be more likely to be associated with head and facial injuries than other rib fractures. 1 The middle ribs are the ones most commonly fractured. Fractures usually occur from direct blows or from indirect crushing injuries. The weakest part of a rib is just anterior to its angle, but a fracture can occur anywhere. The most commonly fractured ribs are the 7th and 10th. 1 A lower rib fracture has the complication of potentially injuring the diaphragm, which could result in a diaphragmatic hernia. Rib fractures are usually quite painful because the ribs have to move to allow for breathing. Even a small crack can inflame a tendon and cripple an arm. When several ribs are broken in several places a flail chest results, and the detached bone sections will move separately from the rest of the chest. Causes Rib fractures can occur without direct trauma and have been reported after sustained cough ing and in various sport s &ndash for example, rowing sport rowing and golf &ndash often in elite sportsperson athlete s. They can also occur as a consequence of diseases such as cancer or infections pathological fracture . Fragilityfracture s of ribs can occur due to diseased bone structure, e.g. osteoporosis and metastasis metastatic deposits. Diagnosis Broken ribs are often indicated ... more details
See also Smith s fracture A Smith Fracture is a named vertebral fracture occurring most commonly in the lumbar spine, is similar to that of a Chance fracture and is associated with seat belt injuries. This fracture represents a fracture through the posterior elements including the superior articular processes but not the spinous process, as well as an avulsion fracture of the vertebral body. ref Richard H. Daffner ref ref Chance Type Fractures of the Thoracolumbar Spine Imaging Analysis Discussion ref This fracture is not to be confused with the more commonly referred to Smith s fracture of the wrist. Deleted image removed File SmithVertebralFracture.jpg thumb Smith Fracture Notes Reflist References Smith NS, Kaufer H http www.jbjs.org article.aspx?Volume 51&page 239 Patterns and mechanisms of lumbar injuries associated with lapseat belts. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1969 51A 239. Mark P. Bernstein, Stuart E. Mirvis, and K. Shanmuganathan. http www.medscape.com viewarticle 545253 4 Chance Type Fractures of the Thoracolumbar Spine Imaging Analysis Discussion Category Bone fractures ... more details
Infobox Disease Name PAGENAME Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM 604536 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Skin fragility syndrome also known as Plakophilin 1 deficiency is a cutaneous condition characterized by trauma induced blisters and erosions. ref name Bolognia cite book author Rapini, Ronald P. Bolognia, Jean L. Jorizzo, Joseph L. title Dermatology 2 Volume Set publisher Mosby location St. Louis year 2007 pages isbn 1 4160 2999 0 oclc doi accessdate ref It is associated with PKP1 . ref name pmid12839569 cite journal author McMillan JR, Haftek M, Akiyama M, et al. title Alterations in desmosome size and number coincide with the loss of keratinocyte cohesion in skin with homozygous and heterozygous defects in the desmosomal protein plakophilin 1 journal J. Invest. Dermatol. volume 121 issue 1 pages 96 103 year 2003 month July pmid 12839569 doi 10.1046 j.1523 1747.2003.12324.x ref References reflist Dermatology stub Cytoskeletal defects Category Genodermatoses ... more details
Infobox Disease Name PAGENAME Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 S 52 5 s 50 ICD9 ICD9 813.4 ICD9 813.5 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID A Barton s fracture is an intra articular bone fracture fracture of the distal radius with dislocation of the radiocarpal joint . There exist two types of Barton s fracture dorsal ref http www.wheelessonline.com ortho dorsal bartons fracture dorsal shearing frx Dorsal Barton s Fracture Dorsal Shearing Frx Wheeless Textbook of Orthopaedics Bot generated title ref and palmar, the latter being more common. The Barton s fracture is caused by a fall on an extended and pronated wrist increasing carpal compression force on the dorsal rim. Carpal displacement distinguishes this fracture from a Smith s fracture Smith s or a Colles fracture . Treatment of this fracture is usually done by open reduction and internal fixation with a plate and screws, but occasionally the fracture can be treated conservatively. Eponym It is named after John Rhea Barton 1794 1871 , an American surgeon who first described this in 1838. ref WhoNamedIt synd 2821 ref ref J. R. Barton. Views and treatment of an important injury of the wrist. Medical Examiner, Philadelphia, 1838, 1 365 368. ref References references External links http www.edu.rcsed.ac.uk photoalbum ph161.htm Chorus 01217 http gentili.net fracture.asp?ID 152 Radiographs of Barton s Fracture medicine stub Fractures Category Bone fractures ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 A Transgranular fracture is a fracture that follows the edges of crystal structure lattice s in a granular material , ignoring the grain s in the individual lattices. This results in a fairly smooth looking fracture with less sharp edges than one that follows the changing grains. Transgranular fractures are similar to wooden jigsaw puzzle pieces with the grains showing, but with each piece having grains running in a different direction. An intergranular fracture follows the edges of the puzzle pieces, ignoring the grains in the wood. This is opposed to an intergranular fracture . DEFAULTSORT Transgranular Fracture Category Granular materials Category Fracture mechanics ... more details
refimprove date July 2011 File AcetabularfracX.png thumb right Acetabular fracture as seen on plain X ray Fracture s of the acetabulum occur when the head of the femur is driven into the human pelvis pelvis . This is caused either by a blow on the side or by a blow in the front of the knee , usually in a dashboard injury when the femur also may be fractured. ref Solomon, APLEY S TRAUMA AND ORTHOPAEDICS, EIGHT EDITION, ref Patterns of fracture Tile s classification of acetabular fracture I Simple fracture, anterior wall anterior or posterior wall column II Transverse fracture III T Type fracture involving two columns IV Both columns fractures, floating acetabulum References Reflist Category Bone fractures medicine stub ... more details
about fifth metatarsal diaphysis fracture fifth metatarsal tuberosity fracture Pseudo Jones fracture Infobox disease Name Jones fracture ICD10 ICD10 S 92 3 s 90 ICD9 ICD9 825.25 , ICD9 825.35 ICDO Image ... DiseasesDB Image Jonesfracture.jpg thumb Jones fracture X ray. File JonesFracture1.png thumb Jones fracture X ray, where the bone has been broken in three places and has become dislodged. A Jones fracture is a Fracture bone fracture of the diaphysis of the fifth metatarsal of the foot . The fifth metatarsal ... fracture occurs, is in the midportion of the foot. Patients who sustain a Jones fracture have pain over this area, Swelling medical swelling , and difficulty walking. The fracture was first described ... journal last Jones first Robert date year 1902 month Jun day title I. Fracture of the Base of the Fifth ... 2009 10 24 ref Diagnosis A patient with a Jones fracture may not realize that it is a fracture, and could ... flexion. Treatment If a Jones fracture is not significantly displaced, it can be treated with a Cast ... heal. In the case of acute fracture in an athlete, a dynamic compression plate can be placed on the tension side of the fracture, K Wire with Monofiament wire in a figure 8 fashion due to the nature of a transverse fracture. Internal fixation with cortical or cancellous screw would require an oblique fracture that could be addressed through The rule of 2 s in regards to Internal fixation with screws ... at 90 degrees to the metatarsal axis for the fracture due to avulsion pull by the peroneus brevis .... Prognosis If a Jones fracture fails to unite malunion or non union , which is a common problem ... fracture often does not heal. The diaphyseal bone, where the fracture occurs, is an area of poor ... tertius, and two small muscles attached to the bone. These may pull the fracture apart and prevent ..., although they are not as severe as a Jones fracture. If the fracture enters the intermetatarsal joint, it is a Jones fracture. If, however, it enters the tarsometarsal joint, then it is an avulsion fracture ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Patella fracture Image Fracpetella.PNG Caption A fracture of the petella seen on a lateral view DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 S 82 0 s 80 ICD9 ICD9 822 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj emerg eMedicineTopic 200 A patella fracture is a bone fracturefracture of the patella kneecap , which is one of the most common knee injuries. It is usually the result of a hard blow to the front of the knee . Treatment options for patella fracture include nonsurgical and surgical options, depending on the type of fracture. An undisplaced fracture of patella takes around 4 6 weeks of immobilization in a cast to heal, while a displaced fracture requires surgical treatment followed by quadriceps strengthening exercises for complete rehabilitation. Image Patella fracture.JPG thumb A vertical patella fracture with the fracture line marked by a black arrow. Surgical treatments Patellectomy is when the entire patella is removed ref cite web title Patellectomy publisher KNEEguru url http www.kneeguru.co.uk KNEEnotes patellectomy ref whereas a partial patellectomy is when only a portion of the patella is removed, while any ligaments or tendons that had been connected to the removed portion are connected to the remaining portion ref Based on my surgeon s report. ref . The fracture may require tension band wiring to unit the fractured bones. References reflist disease stub Fractures Category Bone fractures Category Injuries of knee and lower leg . de Patellafraktur ... more details
Infobox disease Name Smith s fracture ICD10 ICD10 S 52 5 s 50 ICD9 ICD9 813.41 A Smith s fracture , also sometimes known as a reverse Colles fracture is a fracture of the distal radius bone radius . ref Thomas, Clayton L., M.D., M.P.H. 1993 . Taber s Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary, Edition 18. F.A. Davis. ISBN 0 8036 0194 8. ref It is caused by a direct blow to the dorsal forearm ref cite book title First Aid Emergency Medicine author Stead, LG Stead, SM Kaufman, MS publisher McGraw Hill edition 2nd isbn 0 07 144873 X year 2006 ref or falling onto flexed wrists, as opposed to a Colles fracture which occurs as a result of falling onto wrists in extension. Smith s fractures are less common than Colles fractures. The distal fracture fragment is displaced volarly ventrally , as opposed to a Colles fracture which the fragment is displaced dorsally. Depending on the severity of the impact, there may be one or many fragments and it may or may not involve the articular surface of the wrist joint . Eponym This fracture is named after the orthopedic surgeon , Robert William Smith surgeon Robert William Smith 1807 1873 in his book A Treatise on Fractures in the Vicinity of Joints, and on certain forms of Accidents and Congenital Dislocations published in 1847. ref WhoNamedIt synd 2150 ref Treatment Treatment of this fracture depends on the severity of the fracture. An undisplaced fracture may be treated with a cast alone. A fracture with mild angulation and displacement may require closed reduction. Significant angulation and deformity may require an open reduction and internal fixation. An open fracture will always require surgical intervention. See also Smith fracture References reflist External links http gentili.net fracture.asp?ID 114 Radiograph of Smith s Fracture Fractures DEFAULTSORT Smith s Fracture Category Bone fractures Surgery stub it Frattura di Goyrand Smith pt Fratura de Smith ... more details
File Maisonneuve fracture Malleolus.jpg thumb Malleolus File Maisonneuve fracture Fibula.JPG thumb Fibula The Maisonneuve fracture is a spiral fracture of the proximal third of the fibula associated with a tear of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis and the interosseous membrane of the leg interosseous membrane . There is an associated fracture of the medial malleolus or rupture of the deep medial ligament of talocrural joint deltoid ligament . This type of injury can be difficult to detect. The Maisonneuve fracture is similar to the Galeazzi fracturefracture in the sense that there is an important ligamentous disruption in association with the fracture. The fracture is named after the surgeon Jules Germain Fran ois Maisonneuve . References Wilson, F. C. 2000 . Fractures of the ankle pathogenesis and treatment. http www.medscape.com viewpublication 137 toc?vol 9&iss 2 South Orthop Assoc. Summer. 9 2 105 15 . Thordarson, D. B. 1999 . Detecting and Treating Common Foot and Ankle Fractures Part 1 The Ankle and Hindfoot. http www.physsportsmed.com issues 1996 09 96 thordar.htm The Physician and Sportsmedicine. 24 9. Sept 9. . External links http rad.usuhs.edu medpix topic display.html?mode single&recnum 6626 images Images MedPix on Maisonneuve fracture fractures Category Bone fractures disease stub musculoskeletal stub de Maisonneuve Fraktur es Fractura de Maisonneuve ... more details
Infobox disease Name Bone fracture Image Broken fixed arm.jpg Caption Internal and external views of an arm with a compound fracture, both before and after surgery. DiseasesDB 4939 ICD10 http apps.who.int classifications icd10 browse 2010 en XIX S x 2 where x 0 9 depending on the location of the fracture ICD9 ICD9 829 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D050723 A bone fracture ... in the continuity of the bone . A bone fracture can be the result of high force Impact force impact or Stress fracture stress , or trivial injury as a result of certain medical conditions that weaken the bones, such as osteoporosis , bone cancer , or osteogenesis imperfecta , where the fracture is then properly termed a pathologic fracture . Although broken bone and bone break are common colloquialisms for a bone fracture, break is not a formal Orthopedic surgery orthopedic term. Classification By cause Traumatic fracture This is a fracture due to sustained trauma. eg Fractures caused by a fall, road traffic accident, fight etc. Pathological fracture A fracture through a bone which has been made weak by some underlying disease is called pathological fracture. eg a fracture through a bone weakened by metastasis. Osteoporosis is the commonest cause of pathological fracture. Orthopedic In Orthopedic ... after the doctor who first described the fracture conditions. However, there are more systematic ... with the fracture, or where fracture hematoma is exposed, and may thus expose bone to contamination . Open injuries carry a higher risk of infection . Other considerations in fracture care are displacement fracture gap and angulation. If angulation or Displacement orthopedic surgery displacement ... surgery displacement or angulation. Compression fracture s usually occurs in the vertebrae, for example ... condition which causes bones to become brittle and susceptible to fracture, with or without trauma . Other types of fracture are Complete fracture A fracture in which bone fragments separate completely ... more details
Image Fracturezone.svg thumb 350px An illustration of the difference between the active transform faults between offset ridge axes, and inactive fracture zones. Image Blanco Fracture Zone.jpg thumb 350px U.S.G.S. Blanco Fracture Zone regions image A fracture zone is a linear oceanic feature often hundreds, even thousands of kilometers long resulting from the action of offset mid ocean ridge axis segments. They are a consequence of plate tectonics . Lithospheric plates on either side of an active transform fault move in opposite directions here, strike slip activity occurs. Fracture zones extend past the transform faults, away from the ridge axis seismically inactive because both plate segments are moving in the same direction , they display evidence of past transform fault activity, primarily in the different ages of the crust on opposite sides of the zone. In actual usage, many transform faults aligned with fracture zones are often loosely referred to as fracture zones although technically, they are not. See also List of fracture zones References http pubs.usgs.gov gip dynamic understanding.html U.S. Geological Survey Understanding plate motions http www.ngdc.noaa.gov mgg image images predict images predict.txt NOAA, National Geophysical Data Center & World Data Center A for Marine Geology & Geophysics See The Fracture Zones reflist physical oceanography expanded other Category Fracture zones Category Plate tectonics tectonics stub ... more details
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