s, some bus manufacturing bus manufacturers and large cars using frame vehicle conventional frames .... Body on frame remains the preferred construction method for heavy duty commercial vehicles, especially ... the American limousine market because it is the last American luxury car made with body on frame, and therefore ... into the body, which is isolated from the frame with rubber pads around the attachment bolts. Less ... Frame vehicle Coachwork Monocoque Automobiles Monocoque Spaceframe Subframe Superleggera Chassis ... 115 ai 97872909 Article about body on frame in modern cars and trucks http www.findarticles.com p articles mi m3012 is n1 v178 ai 20160852 Body on frame and unibody in SUVs http www.oldchesterpa.com ford assembly pics.htm Ford assembly line featuring body on frame car historic CarDesign nav DEFAULTSORT Body On Frame Category Automotive chassis types Category Structural system Category Structural ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 A proper frame , or comoving frame , is a frame of reference that is attached to an object. The object in this frame is stationary within the frame, which is useful for many types of calculations. For example, a freely falling elevator is a proper frame for a Free fall free falling object in the elevator, while the surface of the Earth is not. Proper frames can be Inertial reference frame inertial as well as Non inertial reference frame non inertial as in the example above. See also Comoving distance DEFAULTSORT Proper Frame Category Frames of reference Relativity stub ... more details
otheruses4 a linearly independent subset a spanning set in analysis frame of a vector space lowercase In linear algebra , a branch of mathematics , a k frame is an ordered set of k linearly independent vectors in a space thus k &le n , where n is the dimension of the vector space, and if k n an n frame is precisely an ordered basis. If the vectors are orthogonal, or orthonormal, the frame is called an orthogonal frame , or orthonormal frame , respectively. Properties The set of k frames particularly the set of orthonormal k frames in a given space X is known as the Stiefel manifold , and denoted V sub k sub X . A k frame defines a parallelotope a generalized parallelepiped the volume can be computed via the Gram determinant . See also Frame linear algebra Frame of a vector space Riemannian geometry Orthonormal frame Moving frame Category Linear algebra ... more details
inertial frame is one in which a free particle travels in a straight line at constant speed , or is at rest ...see also Inertial frame basis linear algebra Classical mechanics cTopic Fundamental concepts A frame ... in it, or it may refer to an observational reference frame tied to the state of motion of an Observer special relativity observer . It may also refer to both an observational reference frame and an attached coordinate system as a unit. Different aspects of frame of reference The need to distinguish between the various meanings of frame of reference has led to a variety of terms. For example, sometimes the type of coordinate system is attached as a modifier, as in Cartesian frame of reference . Sometimes the state of motion is emphasized, as in Rotating reference frame rotating frame of reference ... frame of reference . Sometimes frames are distinguished by the scale of their observations, as in macroscopic ... Oughstun page 165 url http books.google.com books?id behRnNRiueAC&pg PA165&dq macroscopic frame ... books?id dj0wFIxn PoC&pg PA206&dq macroscopic frame PPA205,M1 isbn 1930832028 year 2002 publisher MicroAnalytix . ref In this article the term observational frame of reference is used when emphasis ... or observational apparatus. In this sense, an observational frame of reference allows study of the effect of motion upon an entire family of coordinate systems that could be attached to this frame ... related to space and time. It seems useful to divorce the various aspects of a reference frame ... equipment as independent concepts, separated as below An observational frame such as an inertial frame or non inertial frame of reference is a physical concept related to state of motion ... frame of reference can choose to employ any coordinate system Cartesian, polar, curvilinear, generalized, to describe observations made from that frame of reference. A change in the choice of this coordinate ... in the observer s observational frame of reference. This viewpoint can be found elsewhere as well ... more details
Frame semantics can refer to Kripke semantics semantics for modal logics Frame semantics linguistics linguistic theory developed by Charles J. Fillmore disambig ... more details
Frame of Mind may refer to Frame of mind, a particular mood psychology mood that influences one s attitude or behavior Frame of Mind album Frame of Mind album , the second solo album by German singer songwriter Sandy M lling Frame of Mind film Frame of Mind film , an American movie about the John F. Kennedy assassination Frame of Mind Star Trek The Next Generation Frame of Mind Star Trek The Next Generation , the 21st episode of the sixth season of the science fiction television series Star Trek The Next Generation See also State of Mind disambiguation disambig ... more details
In digital photography , a bias frame is an image obtained from an opto electronic image sensor , with no actual exposure time. The image so obtained only contains noise due to the electronics that elaborate the sensor data, and not noise from charge accumulation e.g. from dark current within the sensor itself. A bias frame is complementary to a dark frame , which has a charge integration time but in darkness. Since a dark frame contains noise including a fixed pattern noise component, some of which corresponds to the bias frame, and some of which is due to dark current and is proportional to the exposure time, it is possible to obtain an image representing only the dark current component by subtracting a bias frame from a dark frame. The resulting image allows obtaining an artificial dark frame when multiplied by a factor depending on exposure time and then added back to the bias frame. Although this technique is less accurate than shooting a dark frame for each specific exposure duration, it has the advantage of drastically reducing the time needed to obtain dark frame data for dark frame subtraction . See also Flat field correction Links http users.libero.it mnico glossary bias.htm Bias Frame Category Photographic techniques Category Photogrammetry Category Astrophotography photo stub it Bias Frame ... more details
While receiving a stream of data frame framed data , frame synchronization is the process by which incoming frame alignment signals i.e., distinctive bit sequences a syncword , are identified i.e., distinguished from data bits permitting the data bits within the frame to be extracted for decoding or retransmission ... interrupted, or a bit slip event occurs, the receiver must re synchronize. Image Frame Synced Stream.jpg frame none Frame synchronized PCM stream telemetry application The transmitter and the receiver must agree ahead of time on which frame synchronization scheme they will use. The most common frame ... , is to insert, in a dedicated time slot within the frame, a noninformation bit or framing ... bits indicate the beginning or end of a frame. They occur at specified positions in the frame, do ... at the beginning of every frame. CRC based framing Some telecommunications hardware uses CRC based framing . Frame synchronizer Television further Time base corrector A frame synchronizer is a device ... equipment to a professional system but can be used to stabilize any video. The frame synchronizer essentially takes a picture of each Film frameframe of incoming video and then immediately outputs it with the correct ... frame none PCM Stream prior to frame synchronization In telemetry applications, a frame synchronizer is used to frame align a serial pulse code modulated PCM binary stream. Image Commutation.jpg frame none Different types of commutation within a frame synchronized PCM stream The frame synchronizer immediately follows the bit synchronizer in most telemetry applications. Without frame synchronization Decommutator decommutation is impossible. Image Frame Synced Stream.jpg frame none Frame synchronized PCM stream The frame syncronisation pattern is a known binary pattern which repeats at a regular interval within the PCM stream. The frame synchronizer recognizes this pattern and aligns the data into minor frames or sub frames. Typically the frame sync pattern is followed by a counter Sub ... more details
Image Frame saw diagram.PNG thumb 250px right a simple frame saw Frame saw sometimes refers to a woodworker s bow saw . A frame saw is a type of rip saw . It consists of a relatively narrow and flexible blade held under tension within a generally wooden rectangular frame. The blade is held perpendicular to the plane of the frame, so that the wood being cut passes through the center of the frame. The frame saw was the mainstay of resawing before stiff, unframed two man saws, circular saw s, and band saw s took over. In some early sawmill s a frame saw was powered from a water wheel or other rotary motion through a crankshaft and connecting rod. It is now largely obsolete, though woodworkers who eschew power tools still make them for personal use. Commons category Frame saws References cite book title A Museum of Early American Tools first Eric last Sloane pages 66 70 location New York publisher Wilfred Funk year 1964 Category Saws bat smg Rieminis pj klos ... more details
In special relativity the rest frame of a particle is the coordinate system frame of reference in which the particle is at rest. The rest frame of compound objects such as a fluid, or a solid made of many vibrating atoms is taken to be the frame of reference in which the average momentum of the particles which make up the substance is zero the particles may individually have momentum, but collectively have no net momentum . The rest frame of a container of gas, for example, would be the rest frame of the container itself, in which the gas molecules are not at rest, but are no more likely to be traveling in one direction as another. The rest frame of a river would be the frame of an unpowered boat, in which the mean velocity of the water is zero. This frame is also called the center of mass frame, or center of momentum frame . The center of momentum frame is notable for being the reference frame in which the total energy total relativistic energy of a particle or compound object, is also the invariant mass times the scale factor speed of light squared . It is also the reference frame in which the object or system has minimum total energy. In both special relativity and general relativity it is essential to specify the rest frame of any time measurements, as the time that an event occurred is dependent on the rest frame of the observer. For this reason the timings of astronomical events such as supernova e are usually recorded in terms of when the light from the event reached Earth, as the real time that the event occurred depends on the rest frame chosen. For example, in the rest frame of a neutrino particle travelling from the Crab Nebula supernova to Earth the supernova occurred in the 11th Century AD only a short while before the light reached Earth, but in Earth s rest frame the event occurred about 6300 years earlier. References cite book title Gravitation publisher W.H. Freeman and Company year 1973 isbn 0 7167 0334 3 paperback author Charles W. Misner, Kip S. Thorne ... more details
modal frame contrasted with another built on a different foundation note . A change as in chord change ... . ref name Middleton Example The modal frame of The Beatles A Hard Day s Night song A Hard Day s Night ... frame.PNG thumb center 400px A Hard Day s Night modal frame. ref name Middleton According to Richard ... through its Line of Latent Mode a deep kinship with typical blues melodic structures it is centred ..., the shape assumed by these notes the modal frame as well as the abstract scale they represent ... more details
Tube frame may refer to Tube structure , a structure designed to act like a three dimensional hollow tube so to resist lateral loads Space frame or space structure, a truss like, lightweight rigid structure constructed from interlocking struts in a geometric pattern Superleggera , sometimes referred to as a tube frame structure disambig ... more details
merge Jordan and Einstein frames date May 2009 In string theory , there are two different definitions of the metric tensor , both related by a Weyl rescaling given by the dilaton . One metric gives the Einstein frame and the other gives the string frame . Category String theory particle stub ... more details
FRAME magazine capitalized by its creators the E in FRAME often appears mirror reversed on the magazine s cover is a magazine devoted to interior design , architecture , product design and exhibition exhibition design based in Amsterdam , the Netherlands . The magazine was first published in 1997 and publishes about 6 issues a year. The magazine is published by the parent company FRAME Publishers , which also produces various design related books and occasional monographs on the work of prominent companies and people in the design world. ref Cite web last first url http www.framemag.com allbooks title FRAME Books work date 8 April 2011 ref In 2005 FRAME Publishers started publishing the architectural counterpart to FRAME, called MARK Magazine, focusing exclusively on the world of contemporary architecture. ref Cite web last first url http www.mark magazine.com title MARK Magazine work date 8 April 2011 ref In 2006 Frame Publishers produced a retrospective book on the first 50 issues of the magazine titled The Back Issue the essential guide to FRAME s first 50 issues . ref Cite web last first url http www.framemag.com allbooks 17 title The Back Issue work date 8 April 2011 ref References Reflist External links http www.framemag.com Frame Magazine DEFAULTSORT Frame Magazine Category Design magazines art mag stub de Frame Zeitschrift ... more details
This article concerns the Web Information Architecture concept for the networking packet sense of frame , see Frame networking A data frame is an aggregate of numerous, partly overlapping collections of data and metadata that have been derived from massive amounts of network activity such as content production, consumption, and other user behavior. A data frame may be used to drive the creation of new content, applications, or infrastructure enhancements. The Internet Data Frame was named by John Battelle as the theme of the 2011. A frame is a digital data transmission unit or data packet that includes frame synchronization, i.e. a sequence of bits or symbols making it possible for the receiver to detect the beginning and end of the packet in the stream of symbols or bits. Web 2.0 Summit . ref cite web url http battellemedia.com archives 2011 04 announcing web 2 summit 2011 the data frame.php title Battelle Media Announcing Web 2 Summit 2011 The Data Frame ref Notes reflist Category Data management ky ... more details
In the differential geometry of surface s, a Darboux frame is a natural moving frame constructed on a surface. It is the analog of the Frenet&ndash Serret formulas Frenet&ndash Serret frame as applied to surface geometry. A Darboux frame exists at any non umbilic point of a surface embedded in Euclidean space . It is named after French mathematician Jean Gaston Darboux . Darboux frame of an embedded ... by arc length, then the Darboux frame of is defined by math mathbf T s gamma s , math ... basis attached to each point of the curve a natural moving frame along the embedded curve. Geodesic curvature, normal curvature, and relative torsion Note that a Darboux frame for a curve does not yield a natural moving frame on the surface, since it still depends on an initial choice of tangent vector. To obtain a moving frame on the surface, we first compare the Darboux frame of with its Frenet&ndash Serret frame. Let math mathbf T s gamma s , math the unit tangent ... torsion also called geodesic torsion of the curve. Darboux frame on a surface This section specializes the case of the Darboux frame on a curve to the case when the curve is a principal curvatures principal curve of the surface a line of curvature . In that case, since the principal curves are canonically associated to a surface at all non umbilic points, the Darboux frame is a canonical moving frame ... and the frame vectors in a uniform manner. A trihedron consists of a point P in Euclidean space ... unit normal to the surface at P . In the case of the Darboux frame along an embedded curve, the quadruple ...&0 end bmatrix begin bmatrix mathbf P mathbf T mathbf t mathbf u end bmatrix . math Change of frame ... , there is some choice of frame e sub i sub in which ii sub ij sub is a diagonal matrix . The eigenvalue s are the principal curvatures of the surface. A diagonalizing frame a sub 1 sub , a sub 2 sub ... and a sub 2 sub . This is called a Darboux frame on the surface. The frame is canonically defined by an ordering ... more details
Refimprove date March 2010 In computer networking , jumbo frames are Ethernet frame s with more than 1500 bytes of payload. Conventionally, jumbo frames can carry up to 9000 bytes of payload, but variations exist and some care must be taken when using the term. Many Gigabit Ethernet switches and Gigabit Ethernet network interface cards support jumbo frames. Some Fast Ethernet switches and Fast Ethernet ... Jumbo Giant Frame Support on Catalyst Switches Configuration Example quote Catalyst 3750 3560 Series ... packet, only 1500 bytes plus 18 bytes for the frame header and other overhead must be re sent to correct the error. However, each frame requires that the network hardware and software process it. If the frame size is increased, a certain large amount of data can be transferred with less effort ... frame size. cn date December 2011 Internet Protocol subnetworks require that all hosts in a subnet have an identical MTU. As a result, interfaces using the standard frame size and interfaces using the jumbo frame size should not be in the same subnet. To reduce interoperability issues, network .... Most implementations will require non jumbo user frames to be encapsulated into MPLS frame format which in turn may be encapsulated into a proper Ethernet frame format with EtherType values of 0x8847 ... jumbo frame size of 9000 bytes. The relative scalability of network data throughput as a function ... at Supercomputing 05 ref to payload size per packet. Generally, as line bit rate increases, the packet ... important as average network line bit rate increases to 10 gigabits per second, and above. Obsolescence By making CPU load independent of frame size, large segment offload LSO has eliminated ... mathis MTU Pushing up the Internet MTU http www.ieee802.org 3 frame study index.html IEEE 802.3as Frame Expansion Task Force http www.ece.cmu.edu koopman networks dsn02 dsn02 koopman.pdf 32 Bit ... de Jumbo Frames fr Jumbo frame ru Jumbo ... more details
refimprove date June 2009 A frame grabber is an electronic device that captures individual, digital still ..., stored or transmitted in raw or compressed digital form. Historically, frame grabbers were the predominant ... frame grabbers had only enough memory to acquire i.e., grab and store a single digitized video frame , hence the name. Modern frame grabbers typically can store multiple frames and compress them in real time using algorithms such as MPEG2 and JPEG . Frame grabbers that perform compression on the video frames are referred to as Active Frame Grabbers, while frame grabbers that simply capture raw video data are called Passive Frame Grabbers. Technological demands in fields such as Radar radar acquisition , manufacturing and remote guidance have led to the development of frame grabbers with the ability to capture images at high frame rates and resolutions. Circuitry Analog frame grabbers, which ... SECAM PAL decoder, a function that can also be implemented in software. Digital frame grabbers ... . Circuitry common to both analog and digital frame grabbers Memory for storing the acquired image i.e., a frame buffer . A bus interface through which a processor can control the acquisition and access .... Applications Healthcare Frame grabbers are used in medicine for many applications including telenursing ..., frame grabbers capture the image or video from the appropriate medical equipment so it can be sent ... the robotics that places the components. Each camera is paired with a frame grabber that digitizes .... Network Security Frame grabbers may be used in security applications. For example, when a potential breach of security is detected, a frame grabber captures an image or a sequence of images, and then the images ..., mobile phones,etc. video and photo applications have gained ascending prominence. Frame grabbing is becoming ... Amateur astronomers and astrophotographers use frame grabbers when using analog low light cameras for live image display and internet video broadcasting of celestial objects. Frame grabbers are essential ... more details
Multiple issues unreferenced December 2009 refimprove March 2010 original research March 2010 Image Vernon and Irene Castle2.jpg 250px thumb right Vernon and Irene Castle , early ballroom dance pioneers, c. 1910 1918. Frame is the body shape maintained by dancers during partner dancing . Specifically, frame refers to the shape of the upper body of the dancers relative to the rest of the dancer s body and the body of the dancer s partner. The frame provides connection dance connection between the dance partners, making lead and follow dance leading and following possible. A frame is a stable structural combination of both bodies maintained through the dancers arms and or legs, and allows the leader to transmit body movement to the follower, and for the follower to suggest ideas to the leader. Connection occurs in both open position open and closed position closed dance positions also called open frame and closed frame . It is essential in most partner dances, but especially so in modern ballroom dance . The required frame varies according to the dance&mdash in street Latin style dances such as salsa dance salsa , arms are held more loosely. DEFAULTSORT Frame Dance Category Partner dance technique ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 In cabinet making , a web frame is the term for the internal structural frame of a cabinet which provides the support for drawers. The web frame forms a divider between drawers and provides a mounting point for the drawer runners. In some cabinets, a thin sheet of plywood is inserted into a Groove joinery groove in the web frame to serve as a dust cover between drawers. A basic web frame consists of a front rail which is usually visible from the front of the cabinet and two side rails which extend from the front to the rear of the cabinet. In many web frames, these side rails also serve as the drawer runners, on which the drawer itself slides. An optional rear rail may also be included. In fine cabinet work, the front rail is connected to the sides of the cabinet, or to vertical frame members, using sliding dovetail joint dovetail s. In solid timber carcases, the side rails are housed in a dado joinery dado in the cabinet sides and fixed only at the front to allow for seasonal movement. A screw in an elongated hole is used at the rear in such cases to hold the rail in position, whilst allowing for movement. See also Face frame Dovetail joint DEFAULTSORT Web Frame Category Joinery ... more details
An open frame in tenpin bowling refers to a frame in which the player made neither a strike bowling strike nor a spare bowling spare . Bowling one of these in a professional game is typically devastating enough to one s score to cause a loss. Ten pin bowling Category Bowling ... more details
Frame Technology may refer to Frame Technology software engineering Adobe FrameMaker disambiguation Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Longcomment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
A frame language is a metalanguage . It applies the frame artificial intelligence frame concept to the structuring of language properties. Frame languages are usually programming language software languages . Description Frame languages are rather focused on the recognition and description of object ... . In general, Frame artificial intelligence frame in this context means something that can be has to be fulfilled . In such sense, for example Object oriented programming language s are frame languages, but also every grammar is a frame language. In specific contexts, the authors of computer languages use the term frame arbitrarily and frequently intuitively, and in a metaphoric sense. In the field of Artificial Intelligence , a frame is a data structure introduced by Marvin Minsky in the 1970s ... hierarchies, and is used to implement any kind of information processing. Frame Technology software engineering Frame Technology is loosely based on Minsky Frames, its purpose being software .... In frame based knowledge representations knowledge describing a particular concept is organized as a frame. The frame usually contains a name and a set of slots. The slots describe the frame with attribute ... in some order. In many frame systems the slots are complex structures that have facets describing ..., or it may be another frame. Most systems allow multiple values for slots and some systems support ... on slots. Inference and reasoning Expand section date October 2011 In most frame based knowledge ... with some general concept as the root frame. Many systems support multiple inheritance . In these systems ... in frame systems is based on frame matching , inheritance and spreading activation . Implementations Frame Representation Language FRL , 1977, Roberts Goldstein. Two examples of frame or frame based languages are Ontology Inference Layer OIL and F logic . An ontology editor editor for frame based ..., R. E., and T. Kehler. 1985 . The role of frame based representation in knowledge representation ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Image Cabinetmaking faceframecabinet.gif thumb 300px right A cabinet with a face frame A face frame in cabinet making is the frame fixed to the front of a cabinet carcass which obscures the edges of the carcass and provides the fixing point for doors and other external hardware. A face frame provides strength to the front of a cabinet and is also considered a visual feature of particular styles of furniture. Face frames are a feature of traditional cabinetry which have been replaced in many instances today by frameless cabinets which make use of Edge Banding edge banding to conceal the edge of the carcass. This is most commonly seen in European modular style kitchens. Construction Image Cabinetmaking faceframeparts.gif thumb 300px right Parts of a face frame Face frames are composed of a set of intersecting frame members that are joined to one another using one of a selection of woodworking joints . The most common joints used are the butt joint or mortise and tenon . The frames consist of vertical stiles and horizontal rails . Individual compartments within the cabinet are divided by mid stiles and mid rails. Individual drawers are usually separated by mid rails and mid stiles occur between doors and wherever vertical partitions exist within the cabinet see image Parts of a face frame . The frame members are generally made from plain rectangular stock but are often visually enhanced through the application of caulk beading or applied moulding decorative moulding s. Typically a frame member will be between 25mm to 50mm in width, depending upon the application and the desired appearance of the cabinet. For built in cabinets, it is common for stiles that are to abut a wall to be cut wider than the final size so that these may be scribe joinery scribed to the shape of the wall. This compensates for out of plumb or uneven walls, which are common in many houses. See also Cabinet making Frame and panel DEFAULTSORT Face Frame Category Joiner ... more details
EquationNote eq. 3 , it means only that the respective reference frame cannot be defined ... can make g sub 00 sub positive an example of such frame is the rotating reference frame . Synchronization ... t make sense to integrate dl this integral depends on the choice of world line between the two ... point A , one can synchronize clocks, that is, determine simultaneity of events along any open line ... to synchronize all clocks is a property of the reference frame and not of the spacetime itself ... frame so that the three g sub 0 sub become zeros and thus enable a complete synchronization of clocks ... to each other. In general relativity, proper time is different even in the same reference frame ... space point are, in general, different from one another. Synchronous frame As concluded from EquationNote ... x sup 0 sup t is the proper time in each space point with c 1 . A reference frame that satisfies ... frame . The interval element in this system is given by the expression NumBlk math ds 2 dt 2 g alpha ... . , math EquationRef eq. 20 In synchronous frame time lines are geodesics in the 4 dimensional spacetime ..., these properties can be used to construct synchronous frame in any spacetime. To this end ... line lies inside the light cone with an apex in that point all interval elements on this hypersurface ... with a beginning at the hypersurface the result is a synchronous frame. Obviously, such a construct, and hence, choice of synchronous frame, is always possible. Moreover, such choice is not unique. Metric ... used for this geometric construct. An analytic transformation to synchronous frame can be done with the use ... more details
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