Infobox film name On the Roof image On the Roof 1897 film screenshot.jpg image size caption Screenshot from the film director Georges M li s producer writer narrator starring music cinematography editing distributor released film date 1897 runtime 1min 11secs country FilmFrance language Silent film Silent budget gross preceded by followed by On the Roof lang fr Sur les Toits Star Film Catalogue no. 100 is a 1897 in film 1897 France French Short subject short black and white silent film silent comedy film , directed by Georges M li s , featuring the director as a bumbling policeman attempting to apprehend two criminals on the roof of an apartment building. Every second of this, highly successfully staged minute of film, according to Europa Film Treasues, is used to construct the character s action and movements and made use of the theatre s three dimensional decor, which the competition quickly copied. The film was included in the Will Day collection bought by French Minister of Cultural Affairs Andr Malraux from collector Wilfrid Day in 1959 and preserved in the French Film Archives. ref cite web title A brief History Sur les toits first last coauthors url http www.europafilmtreasures.eu PL 393 a brief history on the roof work Europa Film Treasues date accessdate 2011 05 25 ref Synopsis A woman calls for help from her window as two burglars climb over the roofs into her house, tie her up and throw her out of the window. A policeman hears her cries and climbs onto the roof, only to be trapped by the burglars before they make their escape. Current status Given its age, this short film is available to freely download from the Internet. References reflist External links imdb title 0224189 On the Roof CinemaofFrance DEFAULTSORT On the Roof Category French silent short films Category Black and white films Category Films directed by Georges M li s fr Sur les toits ... more details
The Roof may refer to The Roof Back in Time , a song by Mariah Carey The Roof film The Roof film , a 1956 Italian film directed by Vittorio De Sica The Roof 1933 film The Roof 1933 film , a British film disambiguation ... more details
For automobile roofs Automobile roof disambiguation File Churches in Olomouc.jpg thumb The roofs of Olomouc ... File Antananarivo03.jpg thumb Roofs of Antananarivo , Madagascar A roof is the covering on the uppermost part of a building . A roof protects the building and its contents from the effects of weather ... the most numerous. In most countries a roof protects primarily against rain . Depending upon the nature of the building, the roof may also protect against heat , sunlight , cold, snow and wind . Other ... that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The characteristics of a roof are dependent ... by local or national legislation . Design elements The elements in the design of a roof are the material the construction the durability The material of a roof may range from banana leaves .... The construction of a roof is determined by its method of support and how the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roof is pitched . The pitch is the angle at which the roof ... Other types of roofing, for example Pantile roof material pantiles , are unstable on a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In regions where there is little rain, an almost flat roof with a slight run off provides adequate protection against an occasional downpour. The durability of a roof is a matter of concern because the roof is often the least ... can have serious effects. Form of a roof Main List of roof shapes The shape of roofs differs greatly ... available for roof structure and the outer covering. The basic shapes of roofs are flat, skillion roof skillion , gable d, hipped, arch ed and dome d. There are many variations on these types. Roofs constructed of flat sections that are sloped are referred to as pitched roof s generally if the angle ... in the construction. Parts of a roof There are two parts to a roof, its supporting ... layer is also a self supporting structure. The roof structure is generally supported upon walls, although ... more details
About the automotive accessory the architectural feature Tented roof Image Barred Creek.jpg thumb ARB Simpson II roof top tent on a Nissan Patrol . Image Gordigear roof tent.jpg thumb Gordigear roof tent on a Toyota Land Cruiser . A roof tent is an accessory which may be fitted to the roof of a automobile motor vehicle which allows the users to sleep in relative safety and comfort above the vehicle, and leaves the internal load space free. The first example of roof tents appeared in Western Europe in the 1930s. ref http books.google.com books?id dyYDAAAAMBAJ&pg PA38&dq Popular Science motor gun boat&hl en&ei NinuTNraIJ2KnAexu8T4Cg&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 10&ved 0CFMQ6AEwCQ v onepage&q&f true Car Top Carries Collapsible Tent , January 1937, Popular Science article bottom of page 38 ref Roof tents are particularly seen on expedition prepared four wheel drive vehicles such as Land Rover s, but can be fitted to almost any vehicle. Generally they will mount to a vehicles roof rack or aftermarket roof bars. They are particularly popular in Italy and one manufacturer advertises them using photographs of their devices fitted to cars as small as the Fiat Panda . Roof tents have traditionally taken the form of a conventional ridge pole tent which can be folded into a compact package, resting on marine ply wood, and mounted on a roof rack . Beginning in 1958, more modern tent designs appeared housed in a waterproof, moulded fiberglass or carbon fibre box, and are erected and taken down more quickly using a simple crank operated cantilever arrangement or gas rams that automatically erect the tent when the latches are released. In 2003 a France French manufacturer introduced another design of simple and lightweight tents, resembling modern sprung pole types of ground tent. References Reflist Category Camping equipment Category Portable buildings and shelters Automotive part stub de Dachzelt no Taktelt sk Autostan ... more details
Hipped roof can refer to A hip roof , a type of roof where all sides are sloped A tented roof , a conical style of roof seen in Russian architecture disambig ... more details
Hutton Roof may refer to Hutton Roof, Eden , in Cumbria, England Hutton Roof, South Lakeland , in Cumbria, England geodis pl Hutton Roof sv Hutton Roof ... more details
Encyclopedia , 1942 edition the Pamirs Persian roof of the world . ref The Columbia Encyclopedia 1942 edition, p. 1335 ref Hachette publisher Hachette , 1890 Le Toit du monde Pamir , French language French for Roof of the World Pamir . ref http www.cons dev.org marm MARM BIBMAR BibMarC.html Guillaume ...For the Doctor Who episode, see Marco Polo Doctor Who . For the Doctor Who audio story, see The Roof of the World . For the ancient geography of this region, see Mount Imeon . Image Central Asia Physical.jpg thumb 460px Map Physical map of Central Asia from the Caucasus in the NW, to Mongolia in the NE. Roof of the World is a metaphoric description of the highest region in the world, also known as High Asia , the mountainous interior of Asia. The term is also used for parts of this region, for the Pamir Mountains Pamirs , the Himalayas Tibetan Plateau Tibet Mount Everest The name was first applied ..., described Bam i Duniah Roof of the World as a native expression presumably Wakhi language Wakhi ... roworldanarrati00gordgoog djvu.txt Sir Thomas Edward Gordon, The Roof of the World being a narrative ... the famous Bam i dunya , The Roof of the World under which name the elevated region of the hitherto ... also used Roof of the World to describe the Pamirs Encyclopaedia Britannica , 11th ed. 1911 PAMIRS, a mountainous region of central Asia...the Bam i dunya The Roof of the World . ref name EB ... Pamir , i.e., roof of the world, term describing the Pamir highlands , ref Der Gro e Brockhaus in 20 ... and Hindukush , and therefore called the roof of the world. ref Der Gro e Brockhaus , vol. 14 1933 ... explored region in High Asia , ref name EB went out of the limelight and the description Roof of the World has been increasingly applied to Tibet and the Tibetan plateau , and occasionally, esp. in French ... known to locals as Pomir the roof of the world . ref Image Location map Pamir mhn.svg thumb right ... of the Pamirs, the Original Roof of the World See also Four continents Seven Seas References reflist ... more details
Wiktionary Raise the Roof may refer to Raise the Roof card game Raise the Roof card game , a construction strategy card game Raise the Roof game show Raise the Roof game show , a British television game show Raise the Roof producer , a Broadway theatre production group Raise the Roof film Raise the Roof film , a 1930 film directed by Walter Summers Raise the Roof Tracey Thorn song Raise the Roof Tracey Thorn song Raise the Roof Luke song Raise the Roof Luke song , a song by Luke from his 1998 album Changin the Game popularized the raise the roof arm gesture Raise the Roof Morten Hampenberg & Alexander Brown song Raise the Roof Morten Hampenberg og Alexander Brown song , a 2012 song by Morten Hampenberg Morten Hampenberg & Alexander Brown Morten Hampenberg & Alexander Brown featuring Fatman Scoop , Pitbull rapper Pitbull and Nabiha . Raise the Roof , a song from the 2000 musical The Wild Party Lippa musical The Wild Party Raise the Roof , a book by Pat Summitt See also Raising the Roof , a 1972 British comedy film Raising the Roofs , a 2006 American reality television show disambig ... more details
Up on the Roof may refer to Up on the Roof song Up on the Roof song , a song written by Gerry Goffin and Carole King, notably recorded by The Drifters and James Taylor Up on the Roof musical Up on the Roof musical , a musical play, and the film adaptation Up on the Roof TV series Up on the Roof TV series , a British children s programme Up on the Roof , a song by The Les Claypool Frog Brigade from Purple Onion Up on the Roof , a story in the Bone comics series, included in the collection The Great Cow Race Up on the Roof The Great Cow Race disambig ... more details
Red roof could refer to Red Roof Inns a motel chain Red roofs a short film in the Israeli pastiche Yellow Asphalt Red Roof An Internally Well Known Name for Wawa Food Markets Wawa s Corporate Headquarters disambig ... more details
Image Modern skillion roofs.jpg thumb modern skillion roofs in northern Australia Image Skillion sketch.gif thumb skillion addition to a house Image Mandurah house.jpg thumb skillion roof A skillion roof is normally a single sloping roof surface, not attached to another roof surface. Skillion roofs are sometimes called a shed roof, a flat roof, in Australia or a lean to in the UK. The term skillion can also be used for a smaller addition to an existing roof, where keeping to the same slope roof pitch puts the skillion roof lower than the ceiling height of the main structure. In this case even though the main roof has a flat ceiling, the skillion part will have a sloping ceiling line to maximise the ceiling height. Skillion roofs can also be used to provide clerestory windows for a hallway or similar room where a row of windows is placed below the edge of the skillion section reaching above the other roof below. External links http www.builderbill diy help.com roof.html Roof design and construction. Category Roofs ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Image Roof pentaprism.png thumb right 220px A pentaprism used in Single lens reflex camera s the lower right face is the roof dach . A roof prism also called a Dach prism, as Dach is German for roof is in general any kind of reflective prism optics optical prism containing a section where two faces meet at a 90 angle. Reflection from the two faces returns an image that is flipped laterally across the axis where the faces meet. A single Porro prism is the simplest type of roof prism, though in its most common application the double Porro configuration in binoculars it is not used as a roof prism. Other common roof prisms are the Abbe Koenig prism , the Amici roof prism , the Schmidt Pechan prism and the pentaprism roof pentaprism . source http www.shawcreekbirdsupply.com roof porro prisms.htm DEFAULTSORT Roof Prism Category Prisms sl Stre na prizma sv Takkantsprisma zh ... more details
Image Chicago bungalow.jpg right thumb 300px A bungalow in Chicago with a hipped roof Image Rectangular hip roof.gif right thumb A hip roof on a rectangular plan Image Dach namiotowy.svg right thumb A square hip roof also known as a pyramid roof Image Rf iso1.gif right thumb A hip roof on a varied plan, h denotes a hip, v denotes a valley A hip roof , or hipped roof , is a type of roof where all sides ... s or other vertical sides to the roof. A square hip roof is shaped like a pyramid . Hip roofs on the houses could have two triangular side and two trapezoidal one. A hip roof on a rectangular plan ... roof construction in Northern Australia showing multinail truss construction. The blue pieces are roll formed metal roof battens or purlins Hip roofs are more difficult to construct than a gabled roof, requiring somewhat more complex systems of trusses. Although the roof itself is harder to construct, the walls that carry the roof are easier to build, being all one level. Hip roofs can be constructed ... faces of the roof are called the hip ends, and they are bounded by the hips themselves ... roof has been used in many different styles of architecture and in a wide array of structures. A hip roof is self bracing. It does not need the same amount of diagonal bracing wind bracing that a gable roof requires. Advantages and disadvantages A possible disadvantage of a hip roof, compared with a gable roof on the same plan, is that there is less room inside the roof space. Access is more difficult for maintenance. Variants Mansard roof File MansardRoofIcon.png thumb 100px Mansard roof Main article Mansard roof A mansard roof is a variation on a hip roof, with two different roof angles, one much steeper than the other. Tented roof Main article Tented roof A tented roof , popular in Russian church architecture, is a steep, square hip roof, often with multiple angles. Gablet roof or Dutch gable Image Dach przycz kowy.svg thumb 100px Gablet roof Main article Gablet roof Another variation ... more details
Roof of Africa may refer to Ethiopian Highlands Roof of Africa motorcycle rally , an offroad motorcycle rally held annually in Lesotho disambig ... more details
mergeto Roof pitch date June 2011 A pitched roof is a roof for which one or more roof surfaces is pitched more than 10 degrees, ref Dictionary of Architecture & Construction, C.M.Harris. ref and alternately a roof with two slopes that meet at a central ridge. ref Glossary of Australian Building Terms Third Edition. NCRB ref Some definitions are even more general, including any roof with a sloping surface or surfaces. ref Chambers Science and Technology Dictionary. ref The term roof pitch in roof construction refers to the angle of a roof from the horizontal. The word pitch can also be used as a verb, i.e to pitch a roof. See also Roof List of roof shapes List of commercially available roofing material Domestic roof construction References references External links http www.builderbill diy help.com roof glossary.html An Illustrated glossary of roofs and roofing terms. architecturalelement stub civil engineering stub Category Roofs Category Structural system de Pultdach dsb Pultowe k ywo fr Toit en appentis hsb Pultowa t cha lb Pultdaach nl Lessenaarsdak pl Dach pulpitowy ru sk Sklonit strecha sv Pulpettak ... more details
notability date March 2012 Roof windows are operable windows that are incorporated at part of the design of a roof. Often confused with skylight s , the roof window does differ from each of these other architectural and natural lighting elements in a few basic ways. A roof window is often a good option when there is a desire to allow both light and fresh air into the space. A roof window tends to be larger than a skylight , making it possible to enjoy a wider view of the sky overhead. In addition, skylight s are usually stationary that is, they cannot be opened and closed. With some designs of a roof window , it is possible to retract a portion of the glazed panes to allow in fresh air as well as enjoy the natural light. ref http www.wisegeek.com what is a roof window.htm ref A roof window is also different from a tubular skylight , in that the light is not directed through any type of channel or tube in order to provide lighting for the interior of a building. This type of light tube design is often employed with buildings where the installation of a skylight or roof window is not practical. ref http www.wisegeek.com what is a roof window.htm ref While a roof window is normally included in the original construction of the building, it is possible to add the design feature to an existing structure. As long as the framework and the slope of the roof allow for the inclusion of this type of window, it can be installed with relative ease. Many manufacturers offer prefabricated window inserts of this type that can be installed by a professional in a matter of hours. ref http www.wisegeek.com what is a roof window.htm ref Manufacturers of roof windows VELUX Notes reflist Category Windows ... more details
A roof coating is a monolithic, fully adhered, fluid applied roofing membrane. It has elastic properties that allows it to stretch and return to their original shape without damage. Typical roof coating ... than 40 dry mils. This means a roof coating actually becomes the top layer of a composite roof membrane and underlying system. As such, the roof coating is the topmost layer of protection for the membrane ... image shows excellent heat reflective properties of elastomeric roof coatings. 96 F 175 F to 79 F Heat Reduction observed on this modified bitumen roof. Upper section has been coated with a white reflective roof coating. Roof coatings are seamless and when installed correctly, can solve roof leaks on almost any type of roof substrate. Field applied reflective roof coatings can extend the useful life of nearly every roof substrate keeping a roof surface cool and providing a level of protection from the sun and weather. Roof coatings can add 25 years ref cite web title History of Liquid Waterproofing ... 2011 ref to the service life of a roof and reduce the amount of discarded roofing materials that end ... bitumen roof. The coated white section is 79 F . Field studies have shown that cool roof ... reflective roof coating Lexis Reflective Roof Coatings Improve A C Efficiency ref Application File Power Washing a Commercial Flat Roof Prior to the Application of a Roof Coating.jpg thumb alt Power Washing a Commercial Flat Roof Prior to Coating Power Washing a Commercial Flat Roof Prior to the Application of an Elastomeric Roof Coating File Prepping a Metal Roof To Take a Commercial Roof Coating.jpg thumb alt Prepping the Seams on a Metal Roof Prepping the Seams on a Metal Roof Prior to the Application of a Roof Coating File Top Coating a Commercial Flat Roof with an Elastomeric Roof Coating.jpg thumb alt Top Coating a Commercial Flat Roof Top Coating a Commercial Flat Roof with a Cool Roof Coating Roof coatings are easy to install ref http en.wikiversity.org wiki Roof coating Wikiversity ... more details
Other uses Deck disambiguation Deck unreferenced date April 2011 The roof deck is the roofing material layer between the primary structural components trusses & joists and either insulative layers or weatherproofing layers in a typical roof system. Structure Usually the roof deck acts as a unifying structural diaphragm by tying all the structural components together. Types There are many types of roof decks Architectural Roof Pavers, plywood or Oriented strand board OSB sheathing, wood tongue and groove, corrugated metal, grancrete encapsulated polystyrene , reinforced concrete, and double tee. Roof gardens Roof decks are used as roof patio garden s and roof garden s when engineered for the static and dynamic weight loads. The exposure to stronger sun and wind creates challenges for plants and opportunities for design. External links http www.tiletechpavers.com Roof.html http www.roofhelp.com deck requirements wood.htm http www.nrdca.org Category Construction terminology Category Architectural elements Category Garden features Category Roof garden civil engineering stub ... more details
Infobox film name The Man on the Roof image Man on the roof cover.jpg image size border yes alt caption Swedish DVD cover director Bo Widerberg producer Per Berglund screenplay Bo Widerberg story based on based on The Abominable Man Sj wall and Wahl starring Carl Gustaf Lindstedt br Sven Wollter br Thomas Hellberg br H kan Serner music Bj rn J son Lind cinematography Per K llberg br Odd Geir S ther editing Sylvia Ingemarsson br Bo Widerberg studio distributor AB Svensk Filmindustri released Film date 1976 10 1 Sweden df yes br Film date 1977 3 23 United States df yes runtime 110 minutes country Film Sweden language Swedish budget 3,900,000 Swedish krona SEK gross The Man on the Roof lang sv Mannen p taket is a 1976 cinema of Sweden Swedish film directed by Bo Widerberg , based on the 1971 novel The Abominable Man by Sj wall and Wahl . The film is a crime thriller about the Police police officer Martin Beck trying to catch a killer, and it reaches its climax when the killer barricades himself on a roof top in central Stockholm with an automatic rifle. A memorable scene is where a Bell 206 crashes in Odenplan . Widerberg was inspired by the 1971 film The French Connection film The French Connection . The film won two Guldbagge Award s in 1977, for Best Film and Best Actor H kan Serner . Plot A policeman Nyman who is a patient at a hospital in Stockholm is brutally murdered, stabbed repeatedly with a bayonet . The investigation that follows is led by Martin Beck and Einar R nn. It turns out that the murdered man had sadistic tendencies and was known among his colleagues for abusing ... in on Eriksson he climbs up on the roof of the apartment building where he lives in central Stockholm ... tries an individual initiative, climbing to the roof on a flimsy external ladder, but is shot in the chest ... and a civilian resident in the building, use explosives to gain access to the roof, and Eriksson ... 4982 Bo Widerberg Martin Beck DEFAULTSORT Man on the Roof, The Category 1976 films Category Martin ... more details
fichfilm.php?id 3978 accessdate 22 September 2011 ref The Horseman on the Roof lang fr Le hussard sur le toit is a 1995 French film directed by Jean Paul Rappeneau and starring Juliette Binoche and Olivier Martinez . Based on the 1951 French novel The Horseman on the Roof novel Le hussard sur ...Infobox Film name The Horseman on the Roof image Horseman on the roof.jpg caption Theatrical release poster director Jean Paul Rappeneau based on Based on The Horseman on the Roof novel The Horseman on the Roof ... language French language French br Italian language Italian country Film France budget 35,000,000 ref ... imdb cite web last first title The Horseman on the Roof publisher Internet Movie Database url http ... Promising Actress. ref name imdbawards cite web last first title Awards for The Horseman on the Roof ... tt0113362 The Horseman on the Roof medium DVD publisher Miramax location New York City date 2003 ... first title Filming locations for The Horseman on the Roof publisher Internet Movie Database url http ... cite news last Ebert first Roger title The Horseman on the Roof publisher Chicago Sun Times date May ... The Horseman on the Roof publisher The New York Times date May 17, 1996 url http www.nytimes.com ... name reelviews cite web last Berardinelli first James title The Horseman On the Roof publisher Reel ... Francisco Chronicle review, Peter Stack wrote, The Horseman on the Roof is a lush, grandly designed .... ref name rotten cite web last first title The Horseman on the Roof 1995 publisher Rotten Tomatoes url http www.rottentomatoes.com m horseman on the roof accessdate 20 January 2012 ref Awards and nominations ... IMDb title 0113362 Amg movie the horseman on the roof v135795 The Horseman on the Roof rotten tomatoes horseman on the roof The Horseman on the Roof DEFAULTSORT Horseman On The Roof Category 1995 films Category Films based on works by Jean Giono Category French films Category French language films Category French war films Category Italian language films Category Article Feedback 5 da Husaren p ... more details
File Fixingaroofrack.jpg thumb right Fixing a roof rack to a motor car. File 1966 Ambassador 990 wagon aztp.jpg thumb right Factory installed roof rack on a 1966 station wagon. A roof rack is a set of bars secured to the roof of a automobile motor car . ref http dictionary.reference.com browse ROOF RACK ROOF RACK , Dictionary.com, WordNet 3.0, Princeton University , retrieved on 2009 11 15. ref It is used to carry bulky items such as luggage , bicycle s, canoe s, kayak s, ski s, or various carriers and containers. There is a long history of the use of roof racks and their designs. They allow users of an automobile to transport objects on the roof of the vehicle without reducing interior space for occupants, or the cargo area volume limits such as in the typical car s Trunk automobile trunk design. The three most common components of a roof rack system are side rails or tracks , towers which clamp or otherwise attach to the rails, and mounts, which secure the bulky items to the rack system. Older roof racks were usually mounted directly to the gutter surrounding the roof line. More modern vehicles, which do not have gutters, can often have a roof rack installed by attaching hooks to the top of the door frames. Some automobiles have fittings for proprietary racks which mate with reinforced lugs in the roof. Other vehicles have a factory installed permanent roof rack. References Reflist Category Automotive body parts automotive part stub de Autogep cktr ger es Portaequipajes autom vil fa nl Imperiaal ja ... more details
Merge to Gable date August 2011 Citations missing date December 2007 Image Custom orb.jpg right thumb 250px A gablet roof or Dutch gable roof A gablet roof in United Kingdom Britain or Dutch gable North America and Australasia is a roof with a small gable at the top of a hip roof . The term Dutch gable is also used to mean a gable with parapet s. A drawback of a hip roof is its reduced available attic space for a given roof pitch. compared to simple gable roofs. In Mediterranean climates with lower snow loads, high roof pitches look out of place, making hip roofs impractical. Yet simple gable roofs are also problematic, since there are important advantages to having lower eave s that overhang the perimeter of the house, such as reduced solar gain of the structure during the hot summer months, and a significant rain shadow on the perimeter of the house. This rain shadow greatly reduces the moisture content of the soil, thus inhibiting both foundation decay, and subterranean termite s, which are common in these areas. These advantages of the gablet roofline offset the additional Framing construction framing complexity which is minor in areas that have low snow loads anyway . A gablet roof combines the benefits of both the gable and the hip roof while adding additional architectural interest. See also Hip roof Half hip roof Half hip or Dutch hip roof, which also combines elements of the hip and gable, but with the gable below the hip. References references element arch stub Category Architectural elements ja zh ... more details
Infobox Single Name Roof With a Hole Cover Roof With a Hole.jpg Artist Meat Puppets from Album Too High to Die B side Released 1994 Format promo single Recorded Genre Alternative rock Length Label London Records Writer Curt Kirkwood Producer Last single Meat Puppets Promo br 1994 This single Roof With a Hole br 1994 Next single Lake of Fire single Lake of Fire br 1994 Roof With a Hole is the third promotional release for the Too High to Die record by the Meat Puppets . Only released in Canada. Track listing All songs by Curt Kirkwood unless otherwise noted Roof With a Hole radio version 3 33 1990s single stub Meat Puppets Category Meat Puppets songs Category 1994 singles ... more details
File SKYROOF2.jpg thumb right A sunroof. File Ford Thunderbird Bj 1957 5000 ccm 250 PS 190 kmh heck.JPG thumb right Detachable hardtop with porthole side windows on a 1957 Ford Thunderbird . An automobile roof or car top is the portion of an automobile that sits above the passenger compartment , protecting the vehicle occupants from sun, wind, rain, and other external elements. Because the earliest automobiles were designed in an era of horse drawn carriage s, early automobile roofs used similar materials and designs. In later years, however, many variations on the automobile roof developed. These include Convertible roofs Roof module s Hardtop s Sunroof s T top s Targa top s Vinyl roof s See also Roof Category Auto parts ... more details
Merge from Pitched roof date June 2011 In building construction , roof pitch is a numerical measure of the steepness of a roof . Roofs may be functionally flat or pitched roof pitched . Description File Example of Roof Pitches.jpg thumb Display of roof pitches 1 12 thru 18 12 The roof s pitch is its vertical rise divided by its horizontal span architecture span or run , what is called slope in geometry and stair construction. It is typically expressed with the rise first and run second, with the run denomenated by the number 12, giving a ratio of how many inches of incline there is to each foot of run. For example, 3 12, 4 12, 5 12, and so on. Convention is to use whole numbers when even e.g. three in twelve or the nearest single or two digit fraction when not e.g. either five and a quarter in twelve or five point two five in twelve , each expressed numerically as 5.25 12 . Definitions vary on when a roof is considered pitched. In degree angle degrees , a range between 10 ref Dictionary of Architecture & Construction, C.M.Harris. ref and 15 fact date April 2012 is common. The primary purpose of pitching a roof is to redirect water. Thus, pitch is typically greater in areas of high rain or snowfall. The steep roof of the tropical Papua New Guinea longhouse , for example, sweeps almost to the ground. The high, steeply pitched gabled d roofs of northern Europe are typical in regions of heavy snowfall. In some areas building code s require a minimum slope. Buffalo, New York and Montreal , Quebec, Canada, specify 6 in 12, a pitch of approximately 26.6 degrees. fact date April 2012 Carpenter s Frame and panel frame rafter s on an angle to pitch a roof. Gable and other List of roof ... framing and sheathing materials. References reflist See also Roof Gable List of roof shapes External links http www.superiorfiberglass.com pagepics How to determine Roof Pitch.pdf How to determine roof pitch PDF http shedbuilder.info roof pitch calculator.html Roof pitch calculator Category ... more details
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