Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Fuel gas can refer to any of several gases burned to produce thermal energy . Natural gas methane is the most common fuel gas, but others include Coal gas or Town gas Syngas monatuding Propane Butane Regasified liquified petroleum gas Wood gas Producer gas Water gas HCNG Uncompressed Hydrogen or compressed hydrogen may be used as a fuel gas. DEFAULTSORT Fuel Gas Category Fuel gas Chem stub ar zh min nan G suh de Brenngas es Gas combustible fr Gaz combustible ko ja pl Paliwo gazowe sv Energigas ta ... more details
Racing fuel can refer to many different common fuels used in motorsports Leaded gasoline , formerly used by the NASCAR series and other motorsports Criticism of NASCAR Use of lead additives in gasoline Use of leaded gasoline in NASCAR Nitromethane and methanol fuel , used by Top Fuel drag racing Methanol fuel , formerly used in some open wheel race cars, like IndyCar Series prior to 2007 and in Top Alcohol drag racing Ethanol fuel , now being used in the IndyCar Series Nitrous , used by drag racing vehicles to increase horsepower disambig ... more details
Chafing fuel is a generic term for various products that are used for heating food. These products often contain methanol , ethanol , or diethylene glycol , as these may be burned safely indoors. These fuels are also used for emergency heating, outdoor cooking, and fondue . Types of fuel Image Methanolgelfuel.JPG thumb right The first two fuels are similar with regards to consistency, both having a gel form viscosities can vary with brand , operating procedures, and product design. Ethanol is a more energetic fuel giving 1300kJ mol heat of combustion compared to methanol s 726kJ mol. The common gel methanol or ethanol chafing fuel is contained in a steel can with a resealable plug lid in sizes based on burn times. Two, four, and six hour burn times are the most common sizes of methanol and ethanol chafing fuels available. The colour of the fuel being used can also vary among manufacturers. Image DEGfuel.JPG thumb left Diethylene glycol chafing fuel differs because the fuel itself is unflammable. The container housing the fuel is equipped with a Candle wick wick to allow the chemical to be combusted. It is considered safer than methanol or ethanol gel fuels because spilled DEG fuel will not combust. The fuel is in a liquid form and thus the canister in which it is contained usually differs by having a more leak resistant screw cap rather than a plug. DEG has a higher heat of combustion then ethanol or methanol gel at 2155 kJ mol. ref http www.meglobal.biz media FastFacts DEG.pdf ref As a camping fuel There are many advantages and disadvantages to using chafing fuels for camping purposes. The lightweight size and the burn time per gram of fuel weight received from this method is very high. Chafing fuels are also clean burning, quiet, safer, and readily available than most other portable heat sources. However their main disadvantage is their lower heat output when compared to popular alternatives such as white gas and kerosene . This results in longer cooking times. cn ... more details
Fuel made of residues as Carbon dioxide CO2 produced by using a primary fuel. For example CO2 pollution in the atmosphere , produced by petrol burning or other sources, can be extracted to produce fuel through an artificial photosynthesis based in nanotechnology , which helps to mitigate pollution, climate change and energy issues. References cite web url http www.innovapulse.com nanotechnology to mitigate energy and environment issues 643 more 643 title Nanotechnology to mitigate energy and environment issues publisher Innova Pulse date 2010 03 24 accessdate 2010 05 31 reflist Category Fuels ... more details
About flight vehicles the topic in combustion physics fuel mass fraction File GlobalFlyer at KSC before launch.jpg thumb The Virgin Atlantic GlobalFlyer GlobalFlyer had a fuel fraction near 85 it could carry five times its weight in fuel. In aerospace engineering , an aircraft s fuel fraction , fuel weight fraction , ref cite book last Brandt first Steven title Introduction to Aeronautics a Design Perspective publisher AIAA American Institute of Aeronautics & Ast pages 359 year 2004 isbn 1563477017 ref or a spacecraft s propellant fraction , is the weight of the fuel or propellant divided ... s, the term internal fuel fraction is used to exclude the weight of external tanks and fuel. Fuel ... the relationship of range with airspeed , lift to drag ratio , specific fuel consumption , and the part of the total fuel fraction available for cruise, also known as the cruise fuel fraction , or cruise fuel weight fraction . ref cite book title Flight Performance of Fixed and Rotary Wing Aircraft ... At today s state of the art for jet fighter aircraft , fuel fractions of 29 percent and below ... for useful supercruising missions. The U.S. F 22 Raptor s fuel fraction is 29 percent ref http ... . The Russian supersonic interceptor, the Mikoyan MiG 31 Foxhound , has a fuel fraction of over ... E. Riccioni, Col. USAF, Ret. ref The Panavia Tornado had a relatively low internal fuel fraction ... ref Airliners Airliners typically have a fuel fraction between 25 to 45 percent, so less than half their takeoff weight is fuel. The Boeing 777 200 IGW very long range airliner has a fuel fraction ... Analysis by Dr. Martin Hepperle ref The Concorde supersonic transport had a high fuel fraction ...?page 3 ref Steve Fossett s Virgin Atlantic GlobalFlyer could attain a fuel fraction of nearly 85 percent, meaning that it carried more than five times its empty weight in fuel. ref cite news first ... 03 18 quote At takeoff, fuel is expected to account for almost 85 percent of the graphite made aircraft ... more details
The FUEL design group handles commercial Commission art commissions specializing in the fields of art ... who left the group in 2004 . History The founder members of FUEL all studied graphic design at the Royal College of Art . They first worked together on their magazine also entitled FUEL which was initially ... , east London. Pure Fuel and Fuel 3000 followed. Far from being monographs these books examined ... themes of authorship. Works In addition to commercial art, music, and fashion, the FUEL group ... Paul Smith , Sam Taylor Wood , Ron Arad and Manolo Blahnik . In 2009 FUEL purchased the archive of 600 original tattoo drawings by Danzig Baldaev from his widow, and in November 2010 FUEL curated and held the Russian Criminal Tattoo Exhibition http fuel design.com russian criminal tattoo archive ... drawings by Danzig Baldaev, and 16 photographic prints by Sergei Vasiliev. Publishing In 2005, FUEL ... published by FUEL publishing include http www.amazon.com dp B000KY3I4Q Russian Criminal Tattoo Encyclopaedia , Danzig Baldaev and Sergei Vasiliev London Steidl FUEL, 2004 http www.amazon.com dp 0955006104 Fleur. Plant Portraits by Fleur Olby London FUEL, 2005 http www.amazon.com dp 0955006112 The Music Library , Jonny Trunk London FUEL, 2005 http www.amazon.com dp 0955006120 Russian Criminal Tattoo Encyclopaedia Volume II , Danzig Baldaev and Sergei Vasiliev London FUEL, 2006 http www.amazon.com dp 0955006139 Home Made. Contemporary Russian Folk Artifacts , Vladimir Arkhipov London FUEL, 2006 http www.amazon.com dp 0955006155 Ideas Have Legs , Ian McMillan and Andy Martin London FUEL, 2006 http www.amazon.com dp 0955006147 Match Day , Bob Stanley Saint Etienne and Paul Kelly London FUEL, 2006 http www.amazon.com dp 0955006163 BibliOdyssey , P.K. London FUEL, 2007 http www.amazon.com dp 0955006171 Notes from Russia , Alexei Plutser Sarno London FUEL, 2007 http www.amazon.com dp 095500618X Crime , Alix Lambert London FUEL, 2008 http www.amazon.com dp 0955006198 Russian Criminal Tattoo ... more details
otheruses2 Tank A petrol fuel tank is a safe container for flammable fluids. Though any storage tank for fuel may be so called, the term is typically applied to part of an engine system in which the fuel is stored and propelled fuel pump or released pressurized gas into an engine . Fuel tanks range in size ... The fuel tanks for B 25 bombers File Wasserstoffeinf llstutzen eines BMW.jpg thumb Fill caps on a BMW automobile for hydrogen left and for gasoline right fuel tanks Uses Typically, a fuel tank must allow or provide the following Storage of fuel the system must contain a given quantity of fuel and must avoid leakage and limit evaporative emissions Filling the fuel tank must be filled in a secure way, without sparks Provide a method for determining level of fuel in tank, fuel gauge Gauging the remaining quantity of fuel in the tank must be measured or evaluated Venting if over pressure is not allowed, the fuel vapors must be managed through valves Feeding of the engine through a pump Anticipate ... as a fuel tank material of construction, while functionally viable in the short term, has a long .... Considering the inertia and kinetic energy of fuel in a plastic tank being transported by a vehicle, environmental stress cracking is a definite potential. The flammability of fuel makes stress cracking ... be a minimum design consideration. Fuel tank construction File Apollo Lunar Module Fuel Tank.jpg thumb Fuel tank for the Apollo Lunar Module , 1960s While most tanks are manufactured, some fuel tanks ... of fuel tanks follows a series of specific steps. The craftsman generally creates a mockup to determine ... to create the basic shell and or ends and baffles for the tank. Many fuel tanks baffles particularly ... openings are added for the filler neck, fuel pickup, drain, and fuel level sending unit. Sometimes ..., brazing or welding is complete, the fuel tank is leak tested. ref White, Kent. Tanks A Lot Methods for Metal Fuel Tank Development and Fabrication, Home Shop Machinist magazine, November December ... more details
Image Camp fuel.jpg thumb 300px right White gas, exemplified by Coleman Camp Fuel, is a common naphtha based fuel used in many lanterns and torches Coleman fuel is a petroleum naphtha product marketed by The Coleman Company. Historically called white gas not White spirit , it is a liquid petroleum fuel 100 light hydrotreated distillate sold in one gallon cans. ref Coleman, http www.coleman.com coleman colemancom choose fuel.asp How to choose a fuel ref It is used primarily for fueling lanterns and camp stoves. Originally, it was simply casing head gas or drip gas which has similar properties. Drip gas was sold commercially at gas stations and hardware stores in North America until the early 1950 s. The White gas sold today is a similar product but is produced at refineries with the benzene removed. ref http fuel.papo art.com ref Coleman fuel is a mixture of cyclohexane , nonane , octane , heptane , and pentane . ref http www.coleman.com coleman msds lantern.pdf Coleman Fuel MSDS ref Though Coleman fuel has an octane rating of 50 to 55 and a flammability similar to gasoline, it has none of the additives found in modern gasoline and cannot be used as a substitute for gasoline, kerosene or diesel fuel in modern engines. ref name cfaq Coleman FAQ http www.coleman.com coleman faq faqreturn.asp?question 37 What is Coleman Fuel? ref Its high heat of combustion and lack of octane boosting additives like tetra ethyl lead will destroy engine valves, and its low octane rating would produce Engine knocking knocking . ref name cfaq See also Naphtha Drip gas White gas References references DEFAULTSORT Coleman Fuel Category Fuels ... more details
Infobox company name Digital Fuel logo caption type Privately held traded as genre Only used with media and publishing companies fate predecessor successor foundation 2000 founder Yisrael Dancziger, Gilad Raz defunct End date YYYY MM DD location city San Mateo, California location country United states location locations area served key people industry Software & Programming products IT cost transparency IT Financial Management SaaS solutions services revenue operating income net income aum Only used with financial services companies assets equity owner num employees parent VMware divisions subsid homepage http www.digitalfuel.com Digital Fuel footnotes intl Digital Fuel is a provider of IT Financial Management SaaS software for planning, billing. The company s headquarters is in San Mateo ... Therigister cite news last Prickett Morgan first Timothy title VMware eats Digital Fuel url http www.theregister.co.uk 2011 06 14 vmware acquires digital fuel newspaper TheRegister date 14th June 2011 ref History Digital Fuel was co founded in the year 2000 by Benny Lehmann, who died in 2004, Israel ..., respectively. ref name Therigister ref Digital Fuel s ServiceFlow software was originally ... Relationships ref In 2008 Digital Fuel expanded its product line to include IT Financial Management ... 24 08 http it.tmcnet.com topics it articles 43812 digital fuel streamlines it spending businesses.htm Digital Fuel Streamlines IT Spending ref and gain better insight into IT costs. ref 7. Dubie, Denise ... better insight into the cost of IT ref Digital Fuel has raised over 30M in funding from investors ..., VMware purchased Digital Fuel for 85 million. ref Derrick Harris, GigaOm. http gigaom.com cloud vmware buys digital fuel to make cloudonomics easier VMware buys Digital Fuel to make cloudonomics easier ... company news releases vmw digitalfuel 061311.html VMware To Acquire Digital Fuel, IT Financial ... Companies established in 2000 Category Software companies of Israel es Digital Fuel fr Digital Fuel ... more details
Cleanup date December 2008 A fuel card or fleet card is used as a payment card most commonly for gasoline .... Origins United Kingdom In its infancy, fuel cards were only printed with the company name, vehicle ... written on the back. The site would allow access to the fuel once the retailer s receipt had ..., fuel card networks were very small and based around truck roads and main haulage routes. For example ... information. Due to the lack of electronic data on the fuel cards at this stage, transactions ... date, time, volume, grade of fuel and registration would be hand written. During the mid to late 1980s, fuel cards began to use magnetic strip technology. This meant fuel cards could be processed .... Magnetic strips also enabled fuel card providers to increase fuel card security by ensuring Personal ... strip is swiped though a fuel card reader, the transaction is still only verified by checking ... to re fuel. The reasoning behind moving from the magnetic strip to smartchip technology was down to the fact ... of fuel cards was far heavier than that of debit or credit cards, and therefore it became apparent ... is the largest development in the fuel card industry in recent years. See Fuel card Smartchip benefits ... from fuel cards than discount pricing, with the demand for service, savings and security leading to the appearance of dedicated account management. While most fuel card suppliers handle customer queries ... of fleet managers are unhappy with the level of service offered by their fuel card supplier. http .... The first commercial fuel cards resembled a credit card with a name and a company logo on them. When ... card reader allowed petroleum marketers to control fuel pump transactions, leading to today ... card owners are able to track fleet fuel use with increased accuracy, receiving reports in real time ... of day and day of week. Fuel and credit card comparison There are many reasons for against the use of a fuel card over a credit card, which are outlined below u Pros u Discount fuel prices i.e. wholesale ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2011 Infobox Single See Wikipedia WikiProject Songs Name Fuel Cover Metallica Fuel cover.jpg Artist Metallica from Album ReLoad B side Sad But True Sad But True live Nothing Else Matters Nothing Else Matters live br Wherever I May Roam Wherever I May Roam live One Metallica song One live br Until it Sleeps Until it Sleeps live Fuel live Fuel demo Released June 22, 1998 Format CD single Recorded 1996 Genre Heavy metal music Heavy metal Length 4 27 Label Elektra Records Elektra Writer Kirk Hammett br James Hetfield br Lars Ulrich Producer Bob Rock Last single The Unforgiven II br 1998 This single Fuel br 1998 Next single Better than You Metallica song Better than You br 1998 Extra musicsample Type single filename Metallica Fuel.ogg format Ogg title Fuel artist description Fuel is a song by Metallica . The theme of the song could be applied to the fact that people ... songs as he later said before a concert played at an Oakland Raiders game, We have to play Fuel... cause .... Fuel was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Hard Rock Performance in 1999 but lost to Jimmy Page and Robert Plant for the song Most High song Most High Song usage As an instrumental piece, Fuel ... the end of the 2001 season, the opening scream Give me fuel, Give me fire, Give me that which I ... attacks September 11 terrorist attacks . The pre release version of the song entitled Fuel For Fire ... of the song. Fuel featured in the House, M.D. TV series episode Known Unknowns Season 6, Episode 7 . ref ... UK CD Single 1 Fuel Sad But True Live Nothing Else Matters Live UK CD Single 2 Fuel Wherever I May Roam Live One Live UK CD Single 3 Fuel Until It Sleeps Live Fuel Live Fuel Demo All live tracks ... id 5cb861d0 cccc 4355 a370 52675bd7dc24 name Fuel Metallica NASCAR on NBC TNT DEFAULTSORT Fuel Song ... Category Songs written by Kirk Hammett Category Songs written by Lars Ulrich es Fuel canci n fr Fuel chanson it Fuel Metallica ka Fuel no Fuel pl Fuel singel pt Fuel can o ru Fuel fi Fuel ... more details
Image Bunkering or taking fuel.jpg thumb An oil tanker taking on bunker fuel. Fuel oil is a fractional ... speaking, fuel oil is any liquid petroleum product that is burned in a furnace or boiler for the generation ..., Diesel fuel diesel is a type of fuel oil. Fuel oil is made of long hydrocarbon chains, particularly alkane s, cycloalkane s and aromatic s. The term fuel oil is also used in a stricter sense to refer only to the heaviest commercial fuel that can be obtained from crude oil , heavier than gasoline and naphtha ... specifications for six grades of fuel oil, numbered 1 to 6. This classification system was originally ... organizations have published modified versions of the original six fuel specifications to assist operators ... may have different numerical specifications for the six fuel grades. The boiling point and carbon chain length of the fuel increases with fuel oil number. Viscosity also increases with number, and the heaviest oil has to be heated to get it to flow. Price usually decreases as the fuel number ... Reinhold Company ISBN 0 442 20164 8 pp.492 493 ref Number 1 fuel oil is a volatile distillate oil ... and range oil. ref name riegel Number 2 fuel oil is a distillate home heating oil . ref name perry Trucks and some cars use similar diesel fuel with a cetane number limit describing the ignition quality of the fuel. Both are typically obtained from the light gas oil cut. Gas oil refers to the original ... . ref name riegel Number 3 fuel oil was a distillate oil for burners requiring low viscosity fuel. ASTM ... 20th century. ref name perry Number 4 fuel oil is a commercial heating oil for burner installations ... name riegel Number 5 fuel oil is a residual type industrial heating oil requiring preheating to 170 220 F 77 104 C for proper atomization at the burners. ref name perry This fuel is sometimes known as Bunker ... name perry Number 6 fuel oil is a high viscosity residual oil requiring preheating to 220 260 F 104 ... percent mineral soil. This fuel may be known as residual fuel oil RFO , by the Navy specification ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 A fuel model is a preliminary representation of vegetation characteristics used in analyzing fire behavior and planning. The models provide wildland firefighters with a common way of describing fuels in the area. The collections of fuel properties have become known as fuel models and can be organized into four groups grass , shrub , timber, and slash logging . Definitions The National Park Service defines it as a standardized description of fuels available to a fire based on the amount, distribution and continuity of vegetation and wood. http www.nps.gov archive seki fire fire gloss.htm Sources Estimating Fire Behavior. USDA Forest Service Intermountain Forest and. Range Experiment Station, General Technical Report INT 122. http www.fs.fed.us rm pubs int int gtr122.pdf Standard fire behavior fuel models a comprehensive set for use with Rothermel s surface fire spread model. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS GTR 153. http www.fs.fed.us r5 fire management training 490 standard fire behavior fuel models.pdf Category Environmental science firefighting stub ... more details
other uses2 Tank Wikify date June 2011 Fuel bladders or fuel storage bladders are collapsible, flexible storage bladders also known as tanks that provide temporary or long term storage for industrial liquids i.e. fuels . ref http www.interstateproducts.com fuel storage bladders.htm ref These pillow shaped tanks are designed for large volume liquid transport, industrial chemicals, potable water, sludge, and fuel storage. Standard fuel bladder tanks sizes range from convert 100 USgal L to convert 200,000 USgal L capacities and larger and custom fuel storage bladders and cells are available, although at sizes exceeding convert 50,000 USgal L there is an increased spill risk. Primary use Fuel bladders are used in various fields, such as agribusiness, public works, humanitarian, military and industrial ... settings and in aviation given proper support. Fuel Bladders are also commonly used in oil spill ... ref High end fuel bladders offer a high degree of protection of the stored liquids ... film is added to the fuel bladder s inner side. ref http www.musthane.com brands muststore ref Fuel ... not exist. Benefits of using a flexible storage system like fuel bladders is their ability to be transported ... of fuel bladders are their high resistance to climatic conditions, which makes them useful for use in disaster zones and wartime desert operations. Technical characteristics High end fuel ... and water tightness. ref http www.musthane.com brands muststore fuel bladder ref Transportation Fuel Bladders can come equipped with all the necessary components for transportation, for example water transportation or fuel transportation on transport vehicles. Flexible tanks are equipped with adjustable ... transport flexible tank ref Notable suppliers Manufacturing fuel bladders is an engineering and labor ... notable suppliers of fuel bladders which carry ISO quality certifications and or MIL spec offerings ... hurrican tomas heads for haiti.html ref See also Ferry tank Self sealing fuel tank References Reflist ... more details
Other uses Image Fuel cell NASA p48600ac.jpg thumb 250px right Demonstration model of a direct methanol fuel cell. The actual fuel cell stack is the layered cube shape in the center of the image A fuel cell is a device that converts the chemical energy from a fuel into electricity through a chemical ... Science url http www.biblio.com books 436308472.html ref Hydrogen is the most common fuel, but hydrocarbons such as natural gas and alcohols like methanol are sometimes used. Fuel cells are different from battery electricity batteries in that they require a constant source of fuel and oxygen to run ... William Robert Grove William Grove developed the first crude fuel cells in 1839. The first commercial use of fuel cells was in NASA space programs to generate power for probes, satellites and space capsules. Since then, fuel cells have been used in many other applications. Fuel cells are used for primary ... areas. They are used to power fuel cell vehicle s, including automobiles, buses, forklifts, airplanes, boats, motorcycles and submarines. There are many types of fuel cells, but they all consist ... between the two sides of the fuel cell. Electrons are drawn from the anode to the cathode through an external circuit, producing direct current electricity. As the main difference among fuel cell types is the electrolyte, fuel cells are classified by the type of electrolyte they use. Fuel cells come in a variety of sizes. Individual fuel cells produce very small amounts of electricity, about 0.7 ...,Jonathan. http auto.howstuffworks.com fuel efficiency alternative fuels fuel cell2.htm How Fuel Cells Work Polymer Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells . How Stuff Works, accessed August 4, 2011 ref In addition to electricity, fuel cells produce water, heat and, depending on the fuel source, very small amounts of nitrogen dioxide and other emissions. The energy efficiency of a fuel cell is generally ... technologies Image 1839 William Grove Fuel Cell.jpg thumb right Sketch of William Grove s 1839 ... more details
Jet fuel is a type of aviation fuel designed for use in aircraft powered by Gas turbine gas turbine ... other jet fuel commonly used in civilian turbine engine powered aviation is Jet B which is used for its enhanced cold weather performance. Jet fuel is a mixture of a large number of different ... for the product, for example, the freezing point or smoke point. Kerosene type jet fuel including ... atoms per molecule wide cut or naphtha type jet fuel including Jet B , between about 5 and 15 carbon numbers. ref cite web url http www.chevron.com products prodserv fuels bulletin aviationfuel 4 at fuel comp.shtm title Aviation Turbine Fuel Composition author Chevron Products Corporation Dead link date December 2010 ref History of jet fuelFuel for piston engine powered aircraft usually a high ... of fuels. Very low temperature freezing points reduce the availability of fuel. Higher ... Rand2010 In the United States, ASTM International produces standards for civilian fuel types, and the U.S. ... 757 being fueled at Fort Lauderdale Hollywood International Airport . Jet A specification fuel has ... Airport in Newfoundland by Shell Aviation , whereas Jet A 1 is the standard specification fuel ... temperature of 210 C 410 F . This means that the fuel is safer to handle than traditional ... fuel was convert 20.2 e9USgal L in 2009. ref cite web url http tonto.eia.doe.gov dnav pet pet cons ... Administration ref Typical physical properties for Jet A and Jet A 1 Jet A 1 Fuel must meet ... Material Kerosine Type , NATO Code F 35. Jet A Fuel must reach ASTM specification D1655 Jet A ref name Csgnetwork.com cite web url http www.csgnetwork.com jetfuel.html title Aviation Fuel Jet Fuel Information ... for Jet A Jet A 1 fuel ref http www.bp.com liveassets bp internet aviation air bp STAGING local ... 410 F ref name mepetroleum http www.mepetroleum.com jet fuel.htm Jet Fuel ME Petroleum ref Melting point ... Joule MJ kg Energy density 34.7 MJ L 43.15 .804 35.3 MJ L 43.02 .82 clear Jet B Jet B is a fuel in the naphtha ... more details
Portal Energy A household is said to be in fuel poverty when they cannot afford to keep adequately warm at reasonable cost, given its income. The term is mainly used in the UK , Ireland and New Zealand , although the concept also applies everywhere in the world where poverty may be present. As the term fuel poverty sometimes receives a negative connotation, some specialists in the field prefer to talk about its converse affordable warmth . Definitions In the UK, fuel poverty is said to occur when in order to heat its home to an adequate standard of warmth a household needs to spend more than 10 ... vary between UK Government and Devolved Administrations. ref cite web title Summary UK Fuel Poverty ... index.htm accessdate 2008 05 09 ref Causes of fuel poverty Fuel poverty is caused by a convergence of four factors low income, which is often linked to absolute poverty high fuel prices, including the use of relatively expensive fuel sources such as electricity in the UK, aggravated ... to UK government statistics, on average those in the most extreme fuel poverty live in larger than average homes The sharp rise in fuel prices from 2006 8 has led to an estimated doubling of the numbers in fuel poverty in countries where it is a major problem. citation needed date December 2011 A number of illnesses, including cancer can exacerbate fuel poverty. ref Cite journal title Shivering ... ref United Kingdom main Fuel poverty in the United Kingdom In early 2008 it was estimated by Energywatch that there were around 4.4 million households in fuel poverty in the UK, with just over 3 million ... title Fury as fuel poverty soars close to a 10 year record url http www.guardian.co.uk business ... 2008 01 20 ref By April 2011 a YouGov survey indicated that the number of households in fuel poverty ... http www.uswitch.com press room press releases 6.3 million or almost a quarter of households are in fuel poverty 1942.pdf 6.3 million or almost a quarter of all households are now in fuel poverty ... more details
Refimprove date August 2010 Image Sch maDechetsNucleaires en.svg 400px thumb Nuclear Fuel Process Image ... reactor at the Institut Laue Langevin Nuclear fuel is a material that can be consumed by nuclear ... fuel can refer to the fuel itself, or to physical objects for example bundles composed of fuel rods composed of the fuel material, mixed with structural, neutron moderator neutron moderating , or neutron ... fuel together make up the nuclear fuel cycle . Not all types of nuclear fuels create power from nuclear ... atomic batteries . Also, light nuclide s such as tritium sup 3 sup H can be used as fuel for nuclear fusion . Nuclear fuel has the highest energy density of all practical fuel sources. Oxide fuel For fission reactors, the fuel typically based on uranium is usually based on the metal oxide the oxides ... electrochemical processes to the galvanic corrosion of a metal surface. MOX Main MOX fuel Mixed oxide , or MOX fuel , is a blend of plutonium and natural or depleted uranium depleted uranium which ... s were designed. MOX fuel is an alternative to low enriched uranium LEU fuel used in the light ... nuclear fuel to make MOX is done in England and France , and to a lesser extent in Russia , India ... Partnership , is a U.S. plan to form an international partnership to see spent nuclear fuel reprocessed in a way that renders the plutonium in it usable for nuclear fuel but not for nuclear weapons . Reprocessing of spent commercial reactor nuclear fuel has not been permitted in the United States ... weapons from military focused research reactor fuels except for Japan. Metal fuel This section is linked ... fuel cycle. Metal fuels have been used in water reactors and liquid metal fast breeder reactors, such as EBR II . TRIGA fuel TRIGA fuel is used in TRIGA Training, Research, Isotopes, General Atomics reactors. The TRIGA reactor uses uranium zirconium hydride UZrH fuel, which has a prompt negative ... so it is highly unlikely for a meltdown to occur. Most cores that use this fuel are high leakage ... more details
Refimprove date January 2008 File FuelDumpA340 600.JPG thumb Fuel dumping of an Airbus A340 Airbus A340 600 above the Atlantic Ocean near Nova Scotia File FDP A340.JPG right thumb Fuel dump nozzle of an Airbus A340 Airbus A340 300 Fuel dumping or a fuel jettison is a procedure used by aircraft in certain ... s weight or to reduce risk of fire. Aircraft fuel dump Aircraft have two major types of weight limits ... on a normal, routine flight to take off at the higher weight, consume fuel en route, and arrive at a lower ... medical issue , there will not be time to consume the fuel meant for getting to the original ... than 105 , the aircraft had to have a fuel dump system installed. Accordingly, aircraft such as the Boeing 707 and Boeing 727 727 and the Douglas DC 8 had fuel dump systems. Any of those aircraft needing ... an amount of fuel sufficient to reduce the aircraft s total weight to below that maximum structural ... for shorter routes the 105 figure was not an issue, thus they had no fuel dump systems installed. During ... rule became problematic due to the costs associated with adding a fuel dump system to aircraft in production ... A320 family and various regional jet Regional jet RJ aircraft do not have fuel dump systems installed ... nearby in order to consume fuel to get down to within the maximum structural landing weight limit, or if the situation ... mistakenly assume that all aircraft can dump fuel, when in fact most cannot. In certain atmospheric ... trails and wrongly think fuel is being dumped. Longer range twin jets such as the Boeing 767 and the Airbus A300 , Airbus A310 A310 , and Airbus A330 A330 may or may not have fuel dump systems ... takeoff weight, so most of those have jettison systems. A Boeing 757 has no fuel dump capability as its maximum landing weight is similar to the maximum take off weight. Fuel dumping operations are coordinated .... Fuel dumping is usually accomplished at a high enough altitude where the fuel will dissipate before reaching the ground. Fuel leaves the aircraft through a specific point on each wing, usually ... more details
Infobox Information appliance name SGI Fuel image include the file tag caption if image is not a logo ... fuel The SGI Fuel is a mid range workstation developed and manufactured by Silicon Graphics ... MIPS platform, general availability for the Fuel ended on 29 December 2006. An equivalent product ..., based on x86 microprocessors and Nvidia graphics. The Fuel is sometimes perceived as the successor to the SGI O2 , but it is not SGI never made a new low end system after O2 . The Fuel ... have preferred at least 8 GB maximum RAM. Fuel s larger sibling is the SGI Tezro , a system that can have up to four 1 GHz R16000 CPUs with 16 megabyte MB L2 each. Both Fuel and Tezro are based on SGI s SGI Origin 3000 Origin 3000 architecture. Architecture The Fuel is based on the same architecture ..., sharing many of the same features and components. Processors The Fuel features either a R10000 ..., benchmarks show that for certain specialized tasks that involve small data sets, a Fuel with a 700 .... 9 January 2003 . SGI Boosts Price Performance on Silicon Graphics Fuel Visual Workstation Family up to 25 . Press release . ref Memory The Fuel includes 512 MB of memory as standard. Using proprietary ... The Fuel ships with two alternative SGI VPro VPro graphics options, the V10 and V12. V10 has 32 MB ... configuration, the Fuel does not come with any audio hardware, although speakers may be attached via ... ZS can also be used. Additional audio options using PCI expansion cards are available. Expansion The Fuel ... internal 5.25 devices and three internal hard disks. The Fuel usually shipped with 10,000 rpm SCSI disks ... faster than is possible with Octane2 s internal UW bus. The Fuel was also the first SGI system to support ... System The SGI Fuel is only officially capable of running SGI s IRIX operating system. Support ... fuelFuel homepage http www.sgi.com newsroom press releases 2002 january fuel.html SGI press release announcing the Fuel http www.sgi.com support mips irix.html End of availability of MIPS based ... more details
primary sources date August 2009 Infobox record label name Fuel Records & Media LLC image parent founded 2006 founder Dave Drazen, Rockwilder http www.myspace.com theironeye status Active distributor EMI genre Rock music Rock br Alternative rock br Indie Rock country United States location Orlando, Florida br 1800 Pembrook Drive Suite 300 Orlando, Florida 32810 url http www.fuel records.com www.fuel records.com Fuel Records is an Orlando, Florida based record label. It has offices in NYC and Los Angeles and is an independent record label that was co founded by a multi Grammy winning Artist Producer. Distributed via EMI and embraces the genres of Alternative Rock and Rock music. Fuel Records has several associations it belongs to most notably The National Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences The Grammy s as a voting member. Others are ASCAP , RIAA and NARM . Former Artists Joan Red Band Joan Red , Play for Keeps See also List of record labels References 1. Fuel Records http www.fuel records.com External links http www.fuel records.com Official Fuel Records website http www.youtube.com user FuelRecords Official Fuel Records channel at YouTube website Category American record labels ... more details
Refimprove article date March 2011 Mixed oxide fuel , commonly referred to as MOX fuel , is nuclear fuel that contains more than one oxide of fissile material. MOX fuel contains plutonium blended with natural uranium , reprocessed uranium , or depleted uranium . MOX fuel is an alternative to the low enriched uranium LEU fuel used in the light water reactor s that predominate nuclear power generation ..., to LEU fuel. One attraction of MOX fuel is that it is a way of utilizing surplus weapons grade ... Warheads as a Source of Nuclear Fuel ref ref http fissilematerials.org blog 2011 04 us mox program ... use of MOX fuel and the associated expansion of nuclear reprocessing will increase, rather than reduce ... fuel in the civil nuclear fuel cycle. ref http www.armscontrol.org act 2005 09 Fetter VonHippel Is U.S. ... proliferation and MOX fuel ref ref cite web last Podvig first Pavel title U.S. plutonium disposition ... isotopes due to neutron capture , primarily by uranium 238 Nuclide2 Uranium 238 . Most of the fuel ... Plutonium 238 are formed similarly from Nuclide2 Uranium 235 . clear Normally, with the fuel being ... nuclear fuel spent fuel discharged from a reactor is plutonium, and some two thirds of the plutonium is Nuclide2 Plutonium 239 . Worldwide, almost 100 tonnes of plutonium in spent fuel arises each ... in thermal reactor s plutonium is only recycled once as MOX fuel, and spent MOX fuel, with a high ... the introduction of MOX fuel into existing nuclear reactor s. Often only a third to half of the fuel ... no longer require fresh Uranium fuel. According to Atomic Energy of Canada Limited AECL , CANDU ... that it has extensive experience in testing the use of MOX fuel containing from 0.5 to 3 plutonium ... content of the material at that spot Nuclear reprocessing Reprocessing of commercial nuclear fuel ... reactor nuclear fuel is not permitted in the United States due to nonproliferation considerations ... fuel from the conversion of weapons grade plutonium, ref http chronicle.augusta.com stories 2009 ... more details
Infobox Company company name Fuel Bio Holdings, LLC company logo Image Fuelbiologo.jpg 250px company type Private company Private Company company slogan Sustainable fuels for the future foundation December, 2006 location Image Flag of the United States.svg 20px Elizabeth, New Jersey Elizabeth , New Jersey , United States USA area served Domestic and International key people Eugene Dalton br small CEO br br small Joe Lobozzo small br Plant Manager small industry Biofuels products Biodiesel , Glycerine homepage http www.fuelbio.com FuelBio.com Fuel Bio Holdings, LLC , is an United States American commercial producer of Biodiesel . Using proprietary technology and chemistry to produce ASTM D6751 product from multiple virgin feed stock sources, Fuel Bio s production plant is recognized as the largest of its kind in the northeast United States . ref name bean cite web url http fuelbio.com templates fuel bio PDF In The Media http.pdf format PDF title It s clean, green and from a bean accessdate 2007 05 04 publisher The Star Ledger, New Jersey ref Located at New York Terminals in Elizabeth, New Jersey Elizabeth New Jersey , Fuel Bio s operation is capable of producing a name plate capacity of 50,000,000 gallons of fuel each year. ref cite web url http www.fuelbio.com index.php?id 6 title About Fuel Bio accessdate 2007 08 19 publisher Fuel Bio Holdings ref Association With Green Movement As a producer of biodiesel, an alternative fuel. Fuel Bio s efforts help further the cause of the Green Politics green movement In May 2007, The Star Ledger The New Jersey Star Ledger reported that Fuel Bio is trying to plant a green footprint on New Jersey s notorious Chemical Coast . Fuel Bio is the first alternative energy company located in this area. ref name bean References See http en.wikipedia.org wiki Wikipedia Footnotes for an explanation of how to generate footnotes using the ref erences tags Reflist 2 External links http www.fuelbio.com Fuel Bio corporate website Category Companies ... more details
Taxation A fuel tax also known as a petrol , gasoline or gas tax , or as a fuel duty is an excise tax imposed on the sale of fuel . In most countries the fuel tax is imposed on fuels which are intended ... to diesel fuel diesel are taxed at a different, usually lower, rate. In the United States , the fuel ... so that the fuel tax is considered by many a user fee . In other countries, the fuel tax is a source ... increases by switching to more fuel efficient cars, public transit, cycling, walking, consolidating ... European countries such as the United Kingdom UK , France , and Italy use a fuel tax to decrease dependence ... needed date May 2008 In some regions of the world, differences in fuel taxes between countries result in a significant level of cross border purchasing of motor fuel. This is particularly true in Europe, where large differences in fuel taxes, coupled with minimal or no border controls, encourage drivers to cross borders for the sole purpose of filling up their tanks with fuel. Some states, such as Luxembourg , Andorra , Gibraltar , have strategically reduced fuel tax rates to attract more cross ... customs regulations permit the duty free import of the contents of a vehicle s built in fuel tank, but there are exceptions. Singapore an customs officials check the fuel gauges of vehicles leaving Singapore and require that the fuel tank be at least three quarters full, in order to limit the importation of lower taxed fuel from Malaysia . ref http singapore.visahq.com customs ref Role in energy ... , the fuel tax has been a very contentious issue. Efforts by the State Council of the People s Republic of China State Council to institute a fuel tax in order to finance the National Trunk Highway ... asserted its authority. Citation needed date November 2011 In India , the pricing of fuel varies by state, though central taxes still are part of the pump price of fuel. Due to corruption and government ... . Natural gas 147 RUR 1000m 4 1000m . Petroleum gas no Excise tax on motor fuel 2008 2009 RON 80 3629 ... more details
Fuel efficiency is a form of thermal efficiency , meaning the efficiency of a process that converts chemical potential energy contained in a carrier fuel into kinetic energy or Mechanical work work . Overall fuel efficiency may vary per device, which in turn may vary per application, and this spectrum ..., such as industry , benefit from increased fuel efficiency, especially fossil fuel power plant s or industries ... of transport , fuel economy is the energy efficiency of a particular vehicle, and is given as a ratio of distance travelled per unit of Motor fuelfuel consumed. Fuel economy is expressed in mile ... ratio, fuel consumption , is usually expressed in liter s per 100 kilometers L 100 km ... . Variations on a vehicle s fuel efficiency include weight specific efficiency for freight , and passenger specific efficiency vehicle efficiency number of passengers . Vehicle design Fuel efficiency ... to heat during braking is recaptured as electrical power to improve fuel efficiency. Fleet efficiency ... is similar to fuel efficiency but the input is usually in units of energy such as British thermal ... is measured by the amount of fuel and the output is measured by the distance travelled. For example Fuel economy in automobiles . Given a heat value of a fuel, it would be trivial to convert from fuel ... containing fuel which can differ by several percent see below . When comparing transportation energy costs, it must be remembered that a kilowatt hour of electric energy may require an amount of fuel with heating value of 2 or 3 kilowatt hours to produce it. Energy content of fuel The specific energy content of a fuel is the heat energy obtained when a certain quantity is burned such as a gallon ... of specific heat energy for the same batch of fuel. One is the high or gross heat of combustion and the other ... align left Fuel type align right MJ L align right MJ kg align right British thermal unit BTU gallon ... right 51 align right align right align right 108 110 ethanol fuel Ethanol align right 23.5 align right ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
