Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 A bioherbicide is a biologically based control agent for weed s. Among the three major types of pesticide s agricultural pest control agents herbicide s are used to control weeds, or undesirable plants. The other major classes of pesticides are insecticide s, which control insects and fungicide s, which control fungi . Normally, any pesticide can only be expected to control, but not eradicate, agricultural pests. Almost every agricultural pest has at least one naturally occurring enemy that will reduce its population. Bioherbicides are weed control agents that utilize such naturally occurring enemies, rather than depending on man made chemicals. This can be important because agents of biological control ordinarily have many fewer, and much milder, effects on the environment than do synthetic chemicals. What is more, they tend not to lead to the public health problems that chemicals are associated with. These two advantages of biological control agents, including bioherbicides, do not however mean that they need not also be subjected to careful tests for environmental and public health safety. Bioherbicides may be compounds derived from microbes such as fungi, bacteria or protozoa or phytotoxic plant residues, extracts or single compounds derived from other plant species. A bioherbicide based on a fungus is called a mycoherbicide . In the industry, bioherbicides and other biopesticide s are often referred to as naturals . See also Eco friendly pesticides Category Biopesticides Environment stub fr Bioherbicide ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Unreferenced date March 2007 Baby Bio is the brand name for a range of plant care products created by Pan Britannica Industries Pan Britannica Industries Ltd pbi and now marketed by Bayer . Traditional Baby Bio is a dark brown concentrate that must be diluted with water. It provides seaweed and humus to the plant, ensuring that it receives all trace minerals . Baby Bio is a very popular houseplant feed in the UK and can be used all year round, even on Bonsai plants. As well as concentrate bottles of Baby Bio, it has now been produced in ready wikt dilute dilute spray and 1 litre bottles that contain pesticides too, Roota , a rooting hormone and fungicide solution designed to be used on the root s of plant cuttings, and leaf wipes for cleaning houseplant leaves. Baby Bio is also often used in biology experimentation when studying algal algae growth. Fact date March 2007 External links http www.bayergarden.co.uk Bayer Garden UK Category Bayer brands Category Horticulture and gardening Invented by Eric George Finch around 1951. His company was Finch & Knight who then sold the rights to PBI botany stub ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Puccinia kuehnii regnum Fungi phylum Basidiomycota classis Urediniomycetes subclassis Incertae sedis ordo Uredinales familia Pucciniaceae genus Puccinia species Puccinia kuehnii binomial Puccinia kuehnii binomial authority W. Kr ger E.J. Butler, 1914 synonyms Uredo kuehnii small Wakker & Went, 1898 small br Uromyces kuehnii small W. Kr ger, 1890 small Puccinia kuehnii is a plant pathogen that causes orange rust fungus rust disease of sugarcane . Orange rust was discovered in 2007 in Florida and has so far been the only state in the United States where sugarcane has been affected by this kind of rust. In order to treat the infected sugarcane at least three rounds of fungicide must be applied to the plant, costing growers 40 million a year. Currently scientists at the Agricultural Research Service are genetically analyzing the fungus that causes orange rust in order to help combat the problem. http www.ars.usda.gov is pr 2010 100129.htm External links http www.speciesfungorum.org Names Names.asp Index Fungorum http nt.ars grin.gov fungaldatabases USDA ARS Fungal Database http www.ndrs.org.uk ndr.php?id 020016 British Society for Plant Pathology BSPP http nt.ars grin.gov taxadescriptions factsheets pdfPrintFile.cfm?thisApp Pucciniakuehnii USDA Agricultural Research Service References references DEFAULTSORT Puccinia Kuehnii Category Plant pathogens and diseases Category Puccinia Teliomycotina stub plant disease stub ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Anisogramma anomala image Anisogramma anomala.jpg image caption Cankers caused by Anisogramma anomala on a hazlenut branch regnum Fungi phylum Ascomycota classis Sordariomycetes subclassis Sordariomycetidae ordo Diaporthales familia Gnomoniaceae genus Anisogramma species A. anomala binomial Anisogramma anomala binomial authority Peck E. M ll., 1962 synonyms Apioporthe anomala small Peck H hn., 1917 small br Cryptosporella anomala small Peck Sacc., 1882 small br Diatrype anomala small Peck small Anisogramma anomala is a plant pathogen that causes a disease known as Eastern filbert blight on Corylus spp. hazlenut . Symptoms include the formation of cankers on twigs. It is a particular problem on Corylus avellana which is farmed commercially. It is native to North America . The spore s are spread by rain splash. Fungicide s can be used to control the disease. External links http www.speciesfungorum.org Names Names.asp Index Fungorum http nt.ars grin.gov fungaldatabases USDA ARS Fungal Database References http www.eppo.org QUARANTINE fungi Anisogramma anomala CRSPAN ds.pdf EPPO Anisogramma anomala references DEFAULTSORT Anisogramma Anomala Category Plant pathogens and diseases Category Gnomoniaceae Sordariomycetes stub plant disease stub ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Elsino australis regnum Fungi phylum Ascomycota classis Dothideomycetes subclassis Dothideomycetidae ordo Myriangiales familia Elsinoaceae genus Elsino species E. australis binomial Elsino australis binomial authority Bitanc. & Jenkins, 1936 synonyms Sphaceloma australis small Bitanc. & Jenkins, 1936 small br Sphaceloma fawcettii var. viscosa small Jenkins, 1933 v Elsino australis is a plant pathogen that causes sweet orange scab. The disease only attacks the fruit of citrus trees, causing the formation of pustules and lesions on the skin of the fruit. The spore s of the fungus are spread from tree to tree by rain splash. It can be controlled by the use of various fungicide s including strobulin s and thiophanate methyl . ref cite web url http edis.ifas.ufl.edu PP147 title Citrus Diseases Exotic to Florida Sweet Orange Scab SOS accessdate 2008 08 01 last Chung first K. R. coauthors Timmer, L. W. date November 2005 work publisher University of Florida ref External links http www.speciesfungorum.org Names Names.asp Index Fungorum http nt.ars grin.gov fungaldatabases USDA ARS Fungal Database References references Category Elsino Category Plant pathogens and diseases Dothideomycetes stub plant disease stub DEFAULTSORT Elsinoe australis ... more details
Unreferenced date July 2009 Allistatin or Allistatine is an antibiotic that is found naturally in plants that belong to the Allium group, which includes garlic and onions . It is recognized as being a strong broad spectrum fungicide and an antibiotic against a number of serious microorganism s such as bacteria . The name allistatin refers to two very similar recognized compounds allistatin I and II. Studies have established that the most active factors in garlic including allistatin I and allistatin II are sulphur containing compounds which are effective agents against staphylococcus and Escherichia coli E. coli , which are bacteria that can cause serious infections that can lead to death. For this reason, Russia and other countries, use garlic routinely and extensively to treat numerous infections and diseases such as whooping cough , grippe Flu and a host of infectious diseases of virus viral and bacterial origin. Citation needed date July 2009 Apart from allistatin, garlic has many other substances including vitamin s and minerals , but allistatin I, allistatin II, alliin , allicin , garlicin and ajoine are the strongest antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, immune enhancing and anti platelet compounds found in large quantities in garlic. See also Herbalism Traditional Korean medicine Allium Category Antibiotics Category Allium Category Garlic Category Organosulfur compounds Category Pungent flavors ... more details
Wikify date April 2012 Chembox verifiedrevid 470617074 ImageFile Ph3SnOH.png ImageSize ImageAlt IUPACName hydroxytriphenylstannane PIN OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers InChI 1 3C6H5.H2O.Sn c3 1 2 4 6 5 3 1 h3 1 5H 1H2 q 1 p 1 rC18H16OSn c19 20 16 10 4 1 5 11 16,17 12 6 2 7 13 17 18 14 8 3 9 15 18 h1 15,19H InChIKey BFWMWWXRWVJXSE OLMCWIPIAE StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S 3C6H5.H2O.Sn c3 1 2 4 6 5 3 1 h3 1 5H 1H2 q 1 p 1 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey BFWMWWXRWVJXSE UHFFFAOYSA M CASNo Ref cascite correct ?? CASNo ChEMBL Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEMBL 506538 PubChem ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 21106510 ChEBI Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEBI 30473 SMILES O Sn c1ccccc1 c2ccccc2 c3ccccc3 Section2 Chembox Properties C 18 H 16 O 1 Sn 1 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Triphenyltin hydroxide is an organotin compound with formula Sn C sub 6 sub H sub 5 sub sub 3 sub OH. Triphenyltin hydroxide is used as a fungicide for potatoes, sugar beets, and pecans. It was first registered for use as a pesticide in the United States in 1971. ref cite web publisher U.S. EPA title R.E.D. Facts Triphenyltin Hydroxide url http www.epa.gov oppsrrd1 REDs factsheets 0099fact.pdf ref References references Category Triphenyltin compounds organic compound stub ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 443340817 ImageFile 1 Chloronaphthalene.png ImageSize IUPACName 1 chloronaphthalene OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 6737 InChI 1 C10H7Cl c11 10 7 3 5 8 4 1 2 6 9 8 10 h1 7H InChIKey JTPNRXUCIXHOKM UHFFFAOYAV SMILES1 c1ccc2c c1 cccc2Cl ChEMBL Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEMBL 195338 StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C10H7Cl c11 10 7 3 5 8 4 1 2 6 9 8 10 h1 7H StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey JTPNRXUCIXHOKM UHFFFAOYSA N CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS CASNo 90 13 1 PubChem 7003 UNII Ref fdacite correct FDA UNII K4OIF2EC56 SMILES Clc2cccc1ccccc12 Section2 Chembox Properties C 10 H 7 Cl 1 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards EUClass Harmful Xn ExternalMSDS http msds.chem.ox.ac.uk CH 1 chloronaphthalene.html Oxford MSDS FlashPt Autoignition 1 Chloronaphthalene is an aromatic compound . It is a colorless, oily liquid which may be used to determine the refractive index of crystals by immersion. ref http msds.chem.ox.ac.uk CH 1 chloronaphthalene.html Oxford MSDS ref This toxic, nonpolar organochlorine compound is sometimes used as a powerful biocide, and is also known as Basileum. It occasionally serves as insecticide and fungicide in the timber floors of shipping containers, where it fulfills the same role as chlordane . References references DEFAULTSORT Chloronaphthalene, 1 Category Organochlorides Category Naphthalenes de 1 Chlornaphthalin fa pl 1 Chloronaftalen ... more details
The Scientific Advisory Panel SAP was created on November 28, 1975, pursuant to Section 25 d of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act 7 U.S.C. 136w , to provide scientific advice on pesticides and pesticide related issues as to the impact on health and the environment of certain regulatory actions. The Food Quality Protection Act P.L. 104 170 established a Science Review Board consisting of 60 scientists who are available to the Scientific Advisory Panel on an ad hoc basis to assist in reviews conducted by the Panel. The role of the SAP has been expanded to that of a peer review body for current scientific issues that may influence the direction of EPA s regulatory decisions. The Panel is composed of seven members who are selected on the basis of their professional qualifications to assess the impact of pesticides on health and the environment. Members are appointed by the EPA Administrator from a list of 12 nominees submitted by the National Institutes of Health and the United States National Academy of Sciences National Academy of Sciences . External links www.epa.gov scipoly sap about.htm . References CRS article Report for Congress Agriculture A Glossary of Terms, Programs, and Laws, 2005 Edition url http ncseonline.org nle crsreports 05jun 97 905.pdf author Jasper Womach Category United States Environmental Protection Agency ... more details
In United States environmental policy, maintenance fees are the annual fees paid by pesticide manufacturers and formulators to continue registration of pesticide active ingredients and products with the United States Environmental Protection Agency Environmental Protection Agency EPA . The fees supplement funds appropriated from general U.S. revenues, which cover most administrative costs of the EPA pesticide program under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act FIFRA 7 U.S.C. 136a 1 . Fees are deposited into a separate Reregistration and Expedited Processing Fund to offset costs associated with EPA reregistration activities and expedited processing of pesticide registrations that are substantially similar to registrations already in effect or which are for public health pesticides, as defined in FIFRA Section 2 nn . Congress mandated collection of an annual maintenance fee from each pesticide registrant in 1988 amendments to P.L. 100 532 . EPA has authority to cancel a registration if a registrant fails to pay the maintenance fee. References CRS article Report for Congress Agriculture A Glossary of Terms, Programs, and Laws, 2005 Edition url http ncseonline.org nle crsreports 05jun 97 905.pdf author Jasper Womach DEFAULTSORT Maintenance Fees Epa Category United States Environmental Protection Agency Category Pesticides in the United States ... more details
Ethoprop Ethylene fluorohydrine F Falcarinol Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act Fenamiphos ... Flypaper Fly spray Fumigation Fungicide use in the United States G Global distillation Glufosinate Glyphosate ... Terbuthylazine Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine TFM piscicide Thiram fungicide Tiabendazole Toxicity ... more details
The following is a list of types of poison by intended use Algicide a substance used for killing and preventing the growth of algae Avicide any substance which can be used to kill bird s Biocide a chemical substance capable of killing life living organisms , usually in a selective way Fungicide a chemical compound or biological organism used to kill or inhibit fungi or fungal spores Microbicide any compound or substance whose purpose is to reduce the infection infectivity of microbe s Germicide a disinfectant Bactericide a substance that kills bacteria Viricide a chemical agent which kills viruses outside the body Herbicide a substance used to kill unwanted plants wikt parasiticide Parasiticide any substance used to kill parasite s Pesticide a substance or mixture of substances used to kill a pest organism pest Acaricide pesticide s that kill mite s Insecticide a pesticide used against insect s Molluscicide pesticide s against molluscs Nematocide a type of chemical pesticide used to kill parasitic nematode s roundworms Rodenticide a category of pest control chemicals intended to kill rodent s Spermicide a substance that kills sperm Sources of poison Plant sources animal sources Drugs and alcohol Cleansing products Bacteria Atmosphere Industries animals Fumes Venom & stings Category Toxicology Category Poisons ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Peronospora arborescens regnum Chromalveolata phylum Heterokontophyta classis Oomycetes ordo Peronosporales familia Peronosporaceae genus Peronospora species P. arborescens binomial Peronospora arborescens binomial authority Berkeley Caspari, 1855 Peronospora arborescens is a plant pathogen. It causes downy mildew on leaves of Papaver spp. It has economic importance on Papaver somniferum grown as an oilseed crop, for example in central and eastern Europe. It is controlled by sanitation, crop rotation , use of clean seed and fungicide sprays of the foliage ref name Smith cite book author Smith IM, Dunez J, Lelliott RA, Phillips DH, Archer SA editors title European Handbook of Plant Diseases publisher Blackwell Scientific Publications year 1988 isbn 978 0632 012220 ref . There are other species of Peronospora which occur on Papaver Peronospora argemones G umann, Peronospora cristata Tranzschel, and Peronospora papaveris pilosi Viennot Bourgin ref name Brandenburger cite book author Brandenburger W title Parasitische Pilze an Gef sspflanzen in Europa publisher Gustav Fischer Verlag year 1985 isbn 3 437 30433 X ref . References Reflist 2 External links http www.speciesfungorum.org Names Names.asp Index Fungorum http nt.ars grin.gov fungaldatabases USDA ARS Fungal Database DEFAULTSORT Peronospora arborescens Category Water moulds Category Plant pathogens and diseases ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Peronospora valerianellae regnum Chromalveolata phylum Heterokontophyta classis Oomycetes ordo Peronosporales familia Peronosporaceae genus Peronospora species P. valerianellae binomial Peronospora valerianellae binomial authority Fuckel, 1888 Peronospora valerianellae is a plant pathogen. It causes downy mildew on leaves of lamb s lettuce Valerianella locusta , which is widely grown as a salad plant in several European countries for example, France, Germany . It is transmitted by seed borne oospores, and is controlled by fungicide sprays of the foliage ref name Smith cite book author Smith IM, Dunez J, Lelliott RA, Phillips DH, Archer SA editors title European Handbook of Plant Diseases publisher Blackwell Scientific Publications year 1988 isbn 978 0632 012220 ref ref name Holliday cite book author Holliday P title A Dictionary of Plant Pathology 2nd edition publisher Cambridge University Press year 2001 isbn 978 0521 594585 ref . References Reflist 2 External links http www.speciesfungorum.org Names Names.asp Index Fungorum http nt.ars grin.gov fungaldatabases USDA ARS Fungal Database Category Water moulds Category Plant pathogens and diseases ... more details
Chembox new Verifiedfields changed verifiedrevid 407466211 Name 2 Phenylphenol ImageFile 2 Phenylphenol.svg ImageSize 150px ImageName 2 Phenylphenol IUPACName 2 phenylphenol OtherNames o phenylphenol br biphenylol br 2 hydroxybiphenyl br orthophenyl phenol br o xenol br orthoxenol Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 13839012 UNII Ref fdacite correct FDA UNII D343Z75HT8 KEGG Ref keggcite changed kegg KEGG D08367 InChI 1 C12H10O c13 12 9 5 4 8 11 12 10 6 2 1 3 7 10 h1 9,13H InChIKey LLEMOWNGBBNAJR UHFFFAOYAF ChEMBL Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEMBL 108829 StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C12H10O c13 12 9 5 4 8 11 12 10 6 2 1 3 7 10 h1 9,13H StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey LLEMOWNGBBNAJR UHFFFAOYSA N CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS CASNo 90 43 7 ChEBI 17043 SMILES Oc2ccccc2c1ccccc1 ATCCode prefix D08 ATCCode suffix AE06 Section2 Chembox Properties C 12 H 10 O 1 Density 1.293 g cm MeltingPtCH 55.5 MeltingPtCL 57.5 BoilingPtCH 280 BoilingPtCL 284 2 Phenylphenol , or o phenylphenol, is an organic compound that consists of two linked benzene rings and a phenol ic hydroxyl group. It is a white or buff colored, flaky crystalline solid with a melting point of about 57 C. It is a biocide used as a preservative under the trade names Dowicide, Torsite, Preventol, Nipacide and many others. Uses The primary use of 2 phenylphenol is as an agricultural fungicide. It is generally applied post harvest. It is a fungicide used for waxing citrus fruit s. As a food additive , it has E number E231. It is also used for disinfection of seed boxes. It is a general surface disinfectant , used in households, hospitals, nursing homes, farms, laundries, barber shops, and food processing plants. It can be used on fibers and other materials. It is used to disinfect hospital and veterinary equipment. Other uses are in rubber industry and as a laboratory reagent. It is also used in the manufac ... more details
chembox Verifiedfields changed verifiedrevid 408883095 Reference ref http www.fao.org ag agp agpp Pesticid JMPR Download 94 eva tebucona.pdf Tebuconazole , Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations ref ImageFile Tebuconazole.png ImageSize 200px IUPACName RS 1 4 Chlorophenyl 4,4 dimethyl 3 1,2,4 triazol 1 ylmethyl pentan 3 ol OtherNames 1 4 Chlorophenyl 4,4 dimethyl 3 1,2,4 triazol 1 ylmethyl pentan 3 ol Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS CASNo 107534 96 3 PubChem 86102 ChEMBL Ref ebicite changed EBI ChEMBL 487186 SMILES CC C C C CCC1 CC C C C1 Cl CN2C NC N2 O Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 16 sub H sub 22 sub ClN sub 3 sub O MolarMass 307.81838 Appearance Density 1.249 g cm sup 3 sup at 20 C MeltingPtC 102.4 BoilingPt Solubility 0.032 g L at 20 C Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Tebuconazole is a triazole fungicide used agriculturally to treat plant pathogenic fungi. Though the Food and Drug Administration United States U.S. Food and Drug Administration considers this fungicide to be safe for humans, it may still pose a risk. It is listed as a possible carcinogen in the United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticide Programs carcinogen list with a rating of C possible carcinogen . Its acute toxicity is moderate. ref http www.epa.gov fedrgstr EPA PEST 1999 January Day 08 p319.htm EPA regulation on Tebuconazole ref According to the World Health Organization toxicity classification, it is listed as III, which means slightly hazardous. Due to the potential for endocrine disrupting effects, tebuconazole was assessed by the Swedish Chemicals Agency ref cite web url http www.kemi.se templates News 5415.aspx title Interpretation of criteria for approval of active substances in the proposed EU plant protection regulation date 2008 09 23 publisher Swedish Chemicals Agency KemI accessdate 2009 01 14 ref as being potentially removed from the market by EU regulation 1107 2009. ref cite w ... more details
chembox Verifiedfields changed verifiedrevid 417479908 ImageFile Procymidone.png ImageSize IUPACName 3 3,5 dichlorophenyl 1,5 dimethyl 3 azabicyclo 3.1.0 hexane 2,4 dione OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS CASNo 32809 16 8 PubChem ChEMBL Ref ebicite changed EBI ChEMBL 513678 KEGG Ref keggcite changed kegg KEGG C10986 SMILES Clc1cc cc Cl c1 N2C O C3 C CC3 C C2 O InChI 1 C13H11Cl2NO2 c1 12 6 13 12,2 11 18 16 10 12 17 9 4 7 14 3 8 15 5 9 h3 5H,6H2,1 2H3 Section2 Chembox Properties C 13 H 11 Cl 2 N 1 O 2 MolarMass 284.138 g mol Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Procymidone is a pesticide . It is often used for killing unwanted ferns and nettles, and as a dicarboximide fungicides dicarboximide fungicide for killing fungi, for example as seed dressing, pre harvest spray or post harvest dip of lupins, grapes, stone fruit, strawberries. ref cite web last Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicine Authority title Chemical Review Program Procymidone url http www.apvma.gov.au products review current procymidone.php accessdate 9 February 2012 ref It is a known endocrine disruptor androgen receptor antagonist and to interfer with the sexual differention of male rats. ref cite journal last Ostby first J coauthors Kelce WR, Lambright C, Wolf CJ, Mann P, Gray LE Jr. title The fungicide procymidone alters sexual differentiation in the male rat by acting as an androgen receptor antagonist in vivo and in vitro journal Toxicol Ind Health year 1999 volume 15 issue 1 2 pages 80 93 pmid 10188193 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pubmed 10188193 accessdate 9 February 2012 ref . It is considered as poison ref cite web last Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicine Authority, Chemical Review Program title procymidone poster.pdf url http www.apvma.gov.au products review docs procymidone poster.pdf accessdate 9 February 2012 ref References Reflist Category Pesticides Category Imides ... more details
chembox Watchedfields changed verifiedrevid 414454456 ImageFile Imazalil.svg imagename 1 1 mixture racemate ImageSize 200px IUPACName RS 1 2 allyloxy 2 2,4 dichlorophenyl ethyl 1 H imidazole OtherNames Imazalil, chloramizole Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 34116 UNII Ref fdacite correct FDA UNII 6K0NOF3XQ6 InChI 1 C14H14Cl2N2O c1 2 7 19 14 9 18 6 5 17 10 18 12 4 3 11 15 8 13 12 16 h2 6,8,10,14H,1,7,9H2 InChIKey PZBPKYOVPCNPJY UHFFFAOYAI ChEMBL Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEMBL 356918 StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C14H14Cl2N2O c1 2 7 19 14 9 18 6 5 17 10 18 12 4 3 11 15 8 13 12 16 h2 6,8,10,14H,1,7,9H2 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey PZBPKYOVPCNPJY UHFFFAOYSA N CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS CASNo 35554 44 0 PubChem 37175 KEGG Ref keggcite correct kegg KEGG D03997 ATCvet yes ATCCode prefix D01 ATCCode suffix AC90 SMILES Clc1ccc c Cl c1 C OCC C Cn2ccnc2 Section2 Chembox Properties C 14 H 14 Cl 2 N 2 O 1 MolarMass 297.18 g mol Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Enilconazole synonyms imazalil , chloramizole is a fungicide widely used in agriculture, particularly in the growing of citrus fruits. ref cite journal author Kaplan, H. J. Dave, B. A. title The current status of Imazalil a post harvest fungicide for citrus year 1980 volume 92 pages 37 43 ref Trade names include Freshgard , Fungaflor , and Nuzone . It is also used in veterinary medicine as a topical antimycotic . ref http www.ema.europa.eu pdfs vet mrls 049698en.pdf EMA Committee for Veterinary Products Enilconazole ref Under California s Proposition 65 , enilconazole is listed as known to the State to cause cancer . ref http www.oehha.org prop65.html Proposition 65 , Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment ref References Reflist External links http www.pesticideinfo.org Detail Chemical.jsp?Rec Id PC33040 Imazalil page at ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 445168738 ImageFile Captafol.png ImageSize 200px IUPACName 2 1,1,2,2 Tetrachloroethylsulfanyl 3a,4,7,7a tetrahydroisoindole 1,3 dione OtherNames cis Captafol Merpafol Crisfolatan Sulfonimide Sulpheimide Arborseal Captaspor Mycodifol Pillartan Terrazol Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 17215880 UNII Ref fdacite correct FDA UNII D88BWD4H64 InChI 1 C10H9Cl4NO2S c11 9 12 10 13,14 18 15 7 16 5 3 1 2 4 6 5 8 15 17 h1 2,5 6,9H,3 4H2 t5 ,6 InChIKey JHRWWRDRBPCWTF OLQVQODUBH StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C10H9Cl4NO2S c11 9 12 10 13,14 18 15 7 16 5 3 1 2 4 6 5 8 15 17 h1 2,5 6,9H,3 4H2 t5 ,6 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey JHRWWRDRBPCWTF OLQVQODUSA N CASNo Ref cascite 1 ?? CASNo 2425 06 1 PubChem 17038 KEGG Ref keggcite correct kegg KEGG C18754 SMILES ClC Cl C Cl Cl SN1C O C H 2C C C C C H 2C1 O Section2 Chembox Properties C 10 H 9 Cl 4 N 1 O 2 S 1 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Captafol is a fungicide . ref http www.alanwood.net pesticides captafol.html Captafol at alanwood.net ref It is used to control almost all fungal diseases of plants except powdery mildews. ref name extoxnet http extoxnet.orst.edu pips captafol.htm Captafol from Extension Toxicology Network ref It is believed to be a human carcinogen , and production for use as a fungicide in the United States stopped in 1987. Its continued use from existing stocks was allowed, but in 1999 the Environmental Protection Agency banned its use on all crops except onions, potatoes, and tomatoes. In 2006 even these exceptions were disallowed, so currently its use on all crops is banned in the United States. Several other countries have followed suit since 2000, and as of 2010, no countries are known to allow the use of captafol on food crops. ref http ntp.niehs.nih.gov ntp roc twelfth profiles Captafol.pdf Captafol ... more details
italic title Taxobox image Peronospora destructor.JPG image caption A close up shot of downy mildew Peronospora destructor on an onion leaf. name Peronospora destructor regnum Chromalveolata phylum Heterokontophyta classis Oomycetes ordo Peronosporales familia Peronosporaceae genus Peronospora species P. destructor binomial Peronospora destructor binomial authority Berkeley Caspary, 1849 Peronospora destructor is a plant pathogen. It causes downy mildew on leaves of cultivated and wild Allium . Allium cepa onion and shallot is most often affected, while Allium schoenoprasum chives and Allium porrum leek are only occasionally affected. Downy mildew is a major disease of onion ref name Smith cite book author Smith IM, Dunez J, Lelliott RA, Phillips DH, Archer SA editors title European Handbook of Plant Diseases publisher Blackwell Scientific Publications year 1988 isbn 978 0632 012220 ref . The pathogen persists as mycelium systemically infecting onion bulbs, but is not known to be transmitted in onion seed. The pathogen can persist in the soil for several years as oospores. Systemically infected plants are dwarfed and pale green. Under moist conditions, the pathogen sporulates on the affected tissues and spreads to other plants, on the leaves and stalks of which it forms greyish violet local lesions. Infected leaves are often entirely killed. Critical periods for infection have been determined ref name Vir nyi cite book author Vir nyi F title Downy mildew of onion. In The Downy Mildews ed. DM Spencer , pp. 461 472 publisher Academic Press year 1981 ref . Infected crops yield poorly, and produce distorted bulbs. Control is by crop rotation at least 3 years between successive onion crops , use of healthy bulbs for planting heat treatment has been used to eliminate the pathogen from bulbs , fungicide treatment of the bulbs for planting, and fungicide sprays of the foliage if downy mildew infection is nevertheless observed ref name EPPO04 cite book author OEPP EPPO title ... more details
2004 3025. Fungicide performance network. Up to date information on fungicide performance for wheat ... fungal haustoria, which are then cut off from their nutrient supply and therefore die. Some fungicide ... products of fungi, and it has been found that the inclusion of triazoles, like Epoxiconazole, in the fungicide ... more details
the following spring. Some seeds may not germinate until the second spring. Use of fungicide Use of a fungicide to moisten your stratifying vermiculite will help prevent fungal diseases. Chinosol ... from seed prone to mold, is one such fungicide. Different seeds should be placed in different ... small bags. That way any fungal outbreak will be restricted to only some seeds. If no fungicide is used ... and with a decaying smell. If an outbreak of fungus occurs, remove the seeds and re apply fungicide ... more details
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