Orphan date February 2009 Pfam box Symbol GMP PDE delta Name GMP PDE, deltasubunit image 1ksg opm.gif width 250 caption Membrane bound ADP ribosylation factor like protein 2 ARL2 mouse, red , complex with phosphodiesterasedelta yellow PDB3 1ksg Blue dots show hydrocarbon boundary of the lipid bilayer Pfam PF05351 InterPro IPR008015 SMART Prosite SCOP 1ksj TCDB OPM family OPM protein 1ksg PDB PDB3 1ksh B 7 150 PDB3 1ksg B 7 150 PDB3 1ksj B 7 150 GMP PDE deltasubunit was originally identified as a fourth subunit of rod cell specific cyclic guanosine monophosphate cGMP phosphodiesterase PDE EC number 3.1.4.35 . The precise function of PDE deltasubunit in the rod specific GMP PDE complex is unclear. In addition, PDE deltasubunit is not confined to photoreceptor cells but is widely distributed in different tissues. PDE deltasubunit is thought to be a specific soluble transport factor for certain prenylated proteins and Arl2 GTP a regulator of PDE mediated transport. ref name PUB00010494 cite journal author Wittinghofer A, Renault L, Hanzal bayer M, Roversi P, Hillig RC title The complex of Arl2 GTP and PDE delta from structure to function journal EMBO J. volume 21 issue 9 pages 2095 2106 year 2002 pmid 11980706 doi 10.1093 emboj 21.9.2095 pmc 125981 ref Human proteins containing this domain PDE6D UNC119 References reflist InterPro content IPR008015 Category Protein domains Category Protein families Category peripheral membrane proteins ... more details
enzyme Name 3 ,5 cyclic GMPphosphodiesterase EC number 3.1.4.35 CAS number 9068 52 4 IUBMB EC number 3 1 4 35 GO code 0047555 image width caption In enzymology , a 3 ,5 cyclic GMPphosphodiesterase EC number 3.1.4.35 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction guanosine 3 ,5 cyclic phosphate H sub 2 sub O math rightleftharpoons math guanosine 5 phosphate Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are guanosine 3 ,5 cyclic phosphate and water H sub 2 sub O , whereas its product chemistry product is guanosine 5 phosphate . This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolase s, specifically those acting on phosphoric ester diester bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 3 ,5 cyclic GMP 5 nucleotidohydrolase . Other names in common use include guanosine cyclic 3 ,5 phosphate phosphodiesterase , cyclic GMPphosphodiesterase , cyclic 3 ,5 GMPphosphodiesterase , cyclic guanosine 3 ,5 monophosphate phosphodiesterase , cyclic guanosine 3 ,5 phosphate phosphodiesterase , cGMP phosphodiesterase , cGMP PDE , and cyclic guanosine 3 ,5 phosphate phosphodiesterase . Structural studies As of late 2007, 5 tertiary structure structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with Protein Data Bank PDB accession codes PDB link 1MC0 , PDB link 2CHM , PDB link 2H40 , PDB link 2H42 , and PDB link 2H44 . References reflist 1 cite journal author Marks F and Raab I date 1974 title The second messenger system of mouse epidermis. IV. Cyclic AMP and cyclic GMPphosphodiesterase journal Biochim. Biophys. Acta volume 334 pages 368&ndash 377 hydrolase stub Esterases Category EC 3.1.4 Category Enzymes of known structure ... more details
Pfam box Symbol OSCP Name ATP synthase delta OSCP subunit image PDB 1abv EBI.jpg width caption Structure of the N terminal domain of the deltasubunit of the E. coli ATPsynthase. ref name pmid9164460 cite journal author Wilkens S, Dunn SD, Chandler J, Dahlquist FW, Capaldi RA title Solution structure of the N terminal domain of the deltasubunit of the E. coli ATPsynthase journal Nat. Struct. Biol. volume 4 issue 3 pages 198 201 year 1997 month March pmid 9164460 doi 10.1038 nsb0397 198 url ref Pfam PF00213 InterPro IPR000711 SMART PROSITE PDOC00327 SCOP 1abv TCDB 3.A.2 OPM family OPM protein PDB PDB3 2a7u B 7 135 PDB3 1abv 7 106 PDB3 2bo5 A 37 143 ATP synthase deltasubunit is a subunit of bacteria l and chloroplast ATPase , or OSCP oligomycin sensitivity conferral protein in mitochondrial ATPase note that in mitochondria there is a different deltasubunit, InterPro IPR001469 . The OSCP deltasubunit appears to be part of the peripheral stalk that holds the F1 complex alpha3beta3 catalytic core stationary against the torque of the rotating central stalk, and links subunit A of the F0 complex with the F1 complex. In mitochondria, the peripheral stalk consists of OSCP, as well as F0 components F6, B and D. In bacteria and chloroplasts the peripheral stalks have different subunit compositions delta and two copies of F0 component B bacteria , or delta and F0 components B and B chloroplasts ref name PUB00020607 cite journal author Walker JE, Runswick MJ, Neuhaus D, Montgomery MG, Carbajo RJ, Kellas FA title Structure of the F1 binding domain of the stator of bovine F1Fo ATPaseand how it binds an alpha subunit journal J. Mol. Biol. volume 351 issue 4 pages 824 838 year 2005 pmid 16045926 doi 10.1016 j.jmb.2005.06.012 ref . Human deltasubunit of ATP synthase is coded by gene ATP5O . References Reflist Further reading Cite PMID 9468613 InterPro content IPR000711 DEFAULTSORT Atp Synthase DeltaSubunit Category Protein domains Category Protein families Category Membrane proteins ... more details
wiktionary GMP may refer to TOC right Good manufacturing practice , a requirement for manufacturers of foods and medications Business and organisations Gerakan Mansuhkan PPSMI , a coalition of 40 NGOs and political parties in Malaysia Gerkan, Marg and Partners , a German architecture agency based in Hamburg Global Malaria Programme , a World Health Organisation programme to fight malaria Greater Manchester Postal , a UK Postal service based in Manchester Greater Manchester Police , a UK Police force Gross Metropolitan Product , the product of a metropolitan area s economy Group medical practice , the practice of medicine by a group of physicians who share their premises and other resources Guaranteed Maximum Price , a contract mechanism establishing a maximum cost for a given product or service Guaranteed Minimum Pension , a term used under United Kingdom pensions legislation Science and technology GNU Multiple Precision Arithmetic Library , an arbitrary precision numerical calculation programming library Granulocyte macrophage progenitor , a type of Hematopoietic stem cell Guanosine monophosphate , a nucleotide Martin GMP Glenn Martin Passenger , a 1936 American enclosed 10 passenger transport aircraft Other Gimpo International Airport , in Seoul, South Korea by airport code Global Marshall Plan , an environmental plan by Al Gore Gay Men s Press Global Military Police, a fictional organization in the Robotech Wars universe Goody Music Productions, a company founded by Italian musician Mauro Malavasi See also Good management practice, a management improvement approach see GxP lookfrom GMP intitle GMP disambig ca GMP de GMP es GMP fr GMP ko GMP it GMP nl GMP ja GMP pl GMP sr GMP fi GMP sv GMP zh GMP ... more details
phosphodiesterase , DNase s, RNase s, and restriction endonuclease s which all break the phosphodiester .... The cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase s comprise a group of enzymes that degrade the phosphodiester ... of phosphodiesterase were isolated from rat brain using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ... 3 ,5 monophosphate phosphodiesterase in rat cerebellum by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ... development of a phosphodiesterase activator and the multiple forms of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase ... and inhibition of the multiple forms of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase. Adv. Cycl. Nucl. Res. 5 ... phosphodiesterase inhibitor s to be used as therapeutic agents was predicted as early as 1977 by Weiss and Hait. ref Weiss, B. and Hait, W.N. Selective cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitors ... referred to as cGMP inhibited phosphodiesterase. Although PDE2 can hydrolyze both cyclic nucleotides ... Phosphodiesterase enzymes are often targets for pharmacological inhibition due to their unique tissue ... Y, Kim C, Hyun Y, Lee T, Ro S, Cho J title Phosphodiesterase overview of protein structures, potential ... 62 issue 11 pages 1198 220 year 2005 pmid 15798894 doi 10.1007 s00018 005 4533 5 ref Phosphodiesterase ... by PDE. Sildenafil Viagra is an inhibitor of cGMP specific phosphodiesterase type ... . ref cite journal author Wang C. title Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors and benign prostatic hyperplasia ..., and thyroid hormone are phosphodiesterase inhibitors enhance lipolysis as inhibition of phosphodiesterase ... Diester Hydrolases Esterases Category EC 3.1.4 Category Molecular biology de Phosphodiesterase es Fosfodiesterasa ... more details
A subunit is a subdivision of a larger unit . In military organizations, a sub unit is smaller in size than a battalion and is commanded by an Officer Commanding . In chemistry, the term can refer to a monomer . In biochemistry, it may apply to the protein subunit s. wiktionary subunit disambig vi Ti u n v ... more details
protein Name guanosine monophosphate reductase caption image width HGNCid 4376 Symbol GMPR AltSymbols EntrezGene 2766 OMIM 139265 RefSeq NM 006877 UniProt P36959 PDB ECnumber 1.7.1.7 Chromosome 6 Arm p Band 23 LocusSupplementaryData protein Name guanosine monophosphate reductase 2 caption image width HGNCid 4377 Symbol GMPR2 AltSymbols EntrezGene 51292 OMIM 610781 RefSeq NM 016576 UniProt Q9P2T1 PDB ECnumber Chromosome 14 Arm q Band 11.2 LocusSupplementaryData GMP reductase EC number 1.7.1.7 Guanosine 5 monophosphate oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyses the irreversible and NADPH dependent reductive deamination of Guanosine monophosphate GMP into Inosine monophosphate IMP . ref name pmid2904262 cite journal author Andrews SC, Guest JR title Nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the GMP reductase of Escherichia coli K12 journal Biochem. J. volume 255 issue 1 pages 35 43 year 1988 month October pmid 2904262 pmc 1135187 doi url ref NADPH Guanosine monophosphate guanosine 5 phosphate NADP sup sup Inosine monophosphate inosine 5 phosphate NH sub 3 sub It converts nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide derivatives of G to A nucleotides, and maintains intracellular balance of A and G nucleotide nucleotides . In melanocytic cells, GMP reductase gene expression may be regulated by Microphthalmia associated transcription factor MITF . ref name pmid19067971 cite journal author Hoek KS, Schlegel NC, Eichhoff OM, et al. title Novel MITF targets identified using a two step DNA microarray strategy journal Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. volume 21 issue 6 pages 665 76 year 2008 pmid 19067971 doi 10.1111 j.1755 148X.2008.00505.x issn ref See also Purine metabolism References reflist External links MeshName GMP reductase Nitrogenous donor oxidoreductases Nucleotide metabolism InterPro content IPR001093 biochemistry stub it GMP reduttasi ja GMP ... more details
enzyme Name GMP synthase br glutamine hydrolyzing EC number 6.3.5.2 CAS number 37318 71 1 IUBMB EC number 6 3 5 2 GO code 0003922 image PDB 1gpm EBI.jpg width caption Crystal structure of GMP synthase. ref name pmid8548458 cite journal author Tesmer JJ, Klem TJ, Deras ML, Davisson VJ, Smith JL title The crystal structure of GMP synthetase reveals a novel catalytic triad and is a structural paradigm for two enzyme families journal Nat. Struct. Biol. volume 3 issue 1 pages 74 86 year 1996 month January pmid 8548458 doi 10.1038 nsb0196 74 url ref Infobox protein family Symbol GMP synt C Name GMP synthase C terminal domain image PDB 1gpm EBI.jpg width caption escherichia coli gmp synthetase complexed with amp and pyrophosphate Pfam PF00958 Pfam clan InterPro IPR001674 SMART PROSITE PDOC00405 MEROPS SCOP 1gpm TCDB OPM family OPM protein CAZy CDD PBB geneid 8833 Guanine monphosphate synthetase ... IMP to GMP, namely IMP dehydrogenase IMPD1 , which catalyzes the oxidation of IMP to XMP, and GMP synthetase, which catalyzes the amination of XMP to GMP. ref name entrez Enzymology In enzymology , a GMP synthase glutamine hydrolysing EC number 6.3.5.2 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical ... math AMP diphosphate GMP small L small glutamate The 4 substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme ... AMP , diphosphate , guanosine monophosphate GMP , and L glutamate small L small glutamate . This enzyme ... GMP synthetase glutamine hydrolysing , guanylate synthetase glutamine hydrolyzing , guanosine monophosphate ... cite journal author Page T, Bakay B, Nyhan WL title Human GMP synthetase. journal Int. J. Biochem ... author Nakamura J, Straub K, Wu J, Lou L title The glutamine hydrolysis function of human GMP synthetase ..., Lou L title Biochemical characterization of human GMP synthetase. journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 270 ... M, Haliday E, Nakamura J, Lou L title Human GMP synthetase. Protein purification, cloning, and functional ... 9 pmid 13563458 issue 1 refend External links MeshName GMP synthase Category EC 6.3.5 Category Enzymes ... more details
The PDE2 phosphodiesterase 2 enzyme is one of 21 different phosphodiesterase s PDE found in mammal s. These different PDEs can be subdivided to 11 families PDE1 PDE11 . The different PDEs of the same family are functionally related despite the fact that their amino acid sequences show considerable divergence. ref name Iffland 2005 cite journal author Iffland A title Structural determinants for inhibitor specificity and selectivity in PDE2A using the wheat germ in vitro translation system journal Biochemistry volume 44 issue 23 pages 8312 25 year 2005 month June pmid 15938621 doi 10.1021 bi047313h author separator , author2 Kohls D author3 Low S display authors 3 last4 Luan first4 Jing last5 Zhang first5 Yan last6 Kothe first6 Michael last7 Cao first7 Qing last8 Kamath first8 Ajith V. last9 Ding first9 Yuan Hua ref The PDEs have different Substrate biochemistry substrate specificities. Some are Cyclic adenosine monophosphate cAMP figure 1 selective hydrolase s PDE 4, 7 and 8 , others are cyclic guanosine monophosphate cGMP figure 1 selective hydrolases PDE 5, 6 and 9 and the rest can hydrolyse both Cyclic adenosine monophosphate cAMP and cyclic guanosine monophosphate cGMP PDE1, 2, 3, 10 and 11 . ref name Martinez 2002 cite journal author Martinez SE title The two GAF domains in phosphodiesterase 2A have distinct roles in dimerization and in cGMP binding journal Proc. Natl. Acad ... binding to the regulatory domains of phosphodiesterase 2A journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 279 ... FG title Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 2 increases neuronal cGMP, synaptic plasticity and memory ... author Goldberg ND title Biologic regulation through opposing influences of cyclic GMP and cyclic ... 1997 cite journal author Rivet Bastide M title cGMP stimulated cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase ... inhibits cyclic 3 ,5 guanosine monophosphate stimulated phosphodiesterase to reverse hypoxic pulmonary ... dependent expression of phosphodiesterase 2 role in endothelial hyperpermeability journal Blood volume ... more details
enzyme Name glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase EC number 3.1.4.46 CAS number 86280 59 3 IUBMB EC number 3 1 4 46 GO code 0008889 image width caption In enzymology , a glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase EC number 3.1.4.46 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction a glycerophosphodiester H sub 2 sub O math rightleftharpoons math an alcohol sn glycerol 3 phosphate Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are glycerophosphodiester and water H sub 2 sub O , whereas its two product chemistry products are alcohol and sn glycerol 3 phosphate . This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolase s, specifically those acting on phosphoric ester diester bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is glycerophosphodiester glycerophosphohydrolase . Other names in common use include gene hpd protein , glycerophosphoryl diester phosphodiesterase , and IgD binding protein D . This enzyme participates in glycerophospholipid metabolism . Structural studies As of late 2007, 9 tertiary structure structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with Protein Data Bank PDB accession codes PDB link 1O1Z , PDB link 1T8Q , PDB link 1V8E , PDB link 1VD6 , PDB link 1YDY , PDB link 2DXL , PDB link 2DXN , PDB link 2OOG , and PDB link 2P76 . References reflist 1 cite journal author Larson TJ, Ehrmann M, Boos W date 1983 title Periplasmic glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase of Escherichia coli, a new enzyme of the glp regulon journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 258 pages 5428&ndash 32 pmid 6304089 issue 9 hydrolase stub Category EC 3.1.4 Category Enzymes of known structure ... more details
A phosphodiesterase inhibitor is a medication drug that blocks one or more of the five subtypes of the enzyme phosphodiesterase PDE , therefore preventing the inactivation of the intracellular second messenger ... PDE subtype s . History The different forms or subtypes of phosphodiesterase were initially isolated ... molecular forms of cyclic adenosine 3 ,5 monophosphate phosphodiesterase in rat cerebellum by polyacrylamide ..., B. Differential activation and inhibition of the multiple forms of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase .... ref The potential for selective phosphodiesterase inhibitors as therapeutic agents was predicted as early as 1977 by Weiss and Hait. ref Weiss, B. and Hait, W.N. Selective cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase ... phosphodiesterase inhibitors Methylated xanthines and derivatives ref name PDEs Essayan cite ... Cells The Effects of Non Specific Phosphodiesterase Inhibition journal Clinics Sao Paulo . year 2008 ... phosphodiesterase inhibitors ref name PDEs Essayan which raise intracellular Cyclic adenosine monophosphate ... some nonmethylated have been developed in the search for compounds with greater selectivity for phosphodiesterasephosphodiesterase enzyme or adenosine receptor subtypes. ref MacCorquodale DW. THE SYNTHESIS ... with activity as adenosine receptor antagonists and as phosphodiesterase inhibitors journal Life ... D, Schudt C, Sybrecht GW title Adenosine receptor blocking xanthines as inhibitors of phosphodiesterase ... PMC2983030 ?tool pubmed ref PDE3 is sometimes referred to as cGMP inhibited phosphodiesterase. PDE4 ... PDE4 inhibitor or a non selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor, depending on the dose. Piclamilast ... YP, Walther FJ, Laghmani EH, van Wijngaarden S, Nieuwland K, Wagenaar GT. title Phosphodiesterase 4 ... M, Troisfontaines B, von Frenckell R, Wachtel H. title Is phosphodiesterase inhibition a new ... T, Siegel SJ. title Phosphodiesterase inhibitors a novel mechanism for receptor independent antipsychotic ... J, Siegel SJ, Bilker W, Abel T, Kelly MP. title Rolipram A specific phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor ... more details
enzyme Name glycerophosphocholine phosphodiesterase EC number 3.1.4.2 CAS number 9025 85 8 IUBMB EC number 3 1 4 2 GO code 0047389 image width caption In enzymology , a glycerophosphocholine phosphodiesterase EC number 3.1.4.2 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction sn glycero 3 phosphocholine H sub 2 sub O math rightleftharpoons math choline sn glycerol 3 phosphate Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are sn glycero 3 phosphocholine and water H sub 2 sub O , whereas its two product chemistry products are choline and sn glycerol 3 phosphate . This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolase s, specifically those acting on phosphoric ester diester bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is sn glycero 3 phosphocholine glycerophosphohydrolase . Other names in common use include glycerophosphinicocholine diesterase , glycerylphosphorylcholinediesterase , sn glycero 3 phosphorylcholine diesterase , glycerolphosphorylcholine phosphodiesterase , and glycerophosphohydrolase . This enzyme participates in glycerophospholipid metabolism . References reflist 1 cite journal author Dawson RMC year 1956 title Liver glycerylphosphorylcholine diesterase journal Biochem. J. volume 62 pages 689&ndash 693 cite journal author HAYAISHI O, KORNBERG A year 1954 title Metabolism of phospholipides by bacterial enzymes journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 206 pages 647&ndash 63 pmid 13143024 issue 2 cite journal author Webster GR, Marples EA and Thompson RHS year 1957 title Glycerylphosphorylcholine diesterase activity in nervous tissue journal Biochem. J. volume 65 pages 374&ndash 377 pmid 13403918 Category EC 3.1.4 Category Enzymes of unknown structure hydrolase stub ... more details
enzyme Name alkylglycerophosphoethanolamine phosphodiesterase EC number 3.1.4.39 CAS number 62213 15 4 IUBMB EC number 3 1 4 39 GO code 0047391 image width caption In enzymology , an alkylglycerophosphoethanolamine phosphodiesterase EC number 3.1.4.39 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction 1 alkyl sn glycero 3 phosphoethanolamine H sub 2 sub O math rightleftharpoons math 1 alkyl sn glycerol 3 phosphate ethanolamine Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are 1 alkyl sn glycero 3 phosphoethanolamine and water H sub 2 sub O , whereas its two product chemistry products are 1 alkyl sn glycerol 3 phosphate and ethanolamine . This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolase s, specifically those acting on phosphoric ester diester bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 1 alkyl sn glycero 3 phosphoethanolamine ethanolaminehydrolase . This enzyme is also called lysophospholipase D . This enzyme participates in ether lipid metabolism . Structural studies As of late 2007, only one tertiary structure structure has been solved for this class of enzymes, with the Protein Data Bank PDB accession code PDB link 1FJ2 . References reflist 1 cite journal author Wykle RL, Schremmer JM date 1974 title A lysophospholipase D pathway in the metabolism of ether linked lipids in brain microsomes journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 249 pages 1742&ndash 6 pmid 4855486 issue 6 hydrolase stub Category EC 3.1.4 Category Enzymes of known structure ... more details
Alpha subunits refers to several protein subunit s, e.g. G protein s Gi alpha subunit G sub i sub alpha subunit Gs alpha subunit G sub s sub alpha subunit Gq alpha subunit G sub q sub alpha subunit the pore forming loop of ion channel s disambig ... more details
Here is a table of data skip past it to edit the text. enzyme Name Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase EC number 3.1.4.12 CAS number 9031 54 3 IUBMB EC number 3 1 4 12 GO code 0004767 image smasegeometry2.gif width caption Crystal structure of sphingomyelinase from Bacillus cereus . ref name pmid16595670 PDB 2ddt cite journal author Ago H, Oda M, Takahashi M, Tsuge H, Ochi S, Katunuma N, Miyano M, Sakurai J title Structural basis of the sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase activity in neutral sphingomyelinase from Bacillus cereus journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 281 issue 23 pages 16157 67 year 2006 month June pmid 16595670 doi 10.1074 jbc.M601089200 url issn ref Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase or simply Sphingomyelinase SMase is a hydrolase enzyme that is involved in sphingolipid metabolism reactions. SMase is a member of the DNase I superfamily of enzymes and is responsible for breaking sphingomyelin SM down into phosphocholine and ceramide . The activation of SMase has been suggested as a major route for the production of ceramide in response to cellular stresses. ref name pmid12011103 cite journal author Hannun YA, Obeid LM title The Ceramide centric universe of lipid mediated cell regulation stress encounters of the lipid kind journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 277 issue 29 pages 25847 50 year 2002 month July pmid 12011103 doi 10.1074 jbc.R200008200 url issn ref The Sphingomyelinase Family Currently, five types of SMase have been identified. These are classified according to their cation dependence and pH optima of action and are lysosome Lysosomal Acid sphingomyelinase Acid SMase Secreted zinc dependent Acid sphinomyelinase Acid SMase Magnesium dependent Neutral sphingomyelinase Neutral SMase Magnesium independent Neutral sphingomyelinase Neutral SMase Alkaline sphingomyelinase Alkaline SMase Of these, the lysosomal acidic SMase and the magnesium dependent neutral SMase are considered ... toxin closes gate on immune response 2008 02 13 External links MeshName Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase ... more details
Gamma subunit may refer to ATP synthase gamma subunit G gamma subunit see GGL domain G beta gamma subunit see Beta gamma complex Gamma g subunit see Heterotrimeric G protein Hemoglobin subunit gamma 1 see HBG1 Hemoglobin subunit gamma 2 see HBG2 See also Gamma secretase Laminin, gamma 1 Laminin, gamma 2 disambig ... more details
GMPphosphodiesterase by the GDP bound form of the alpha subunit of transducin journal J. Biol ... region of the cGMP phosphodiesterase inhibitory subunit with the GDP bound transducin alpha subunit ...Pfam box Symbol PDEase I Name 3 5 cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase image width caption Pfam PF00233 InterPro IPR002073 SMART Prosite PDOC00116 SCOP 1f0j TCDB OPM family OPM protein enzyme Name 3 ,5 cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase EC number 3.1.4.17 CAS number 9040 59 9 IUBMB EC number 3 1 4 17 GO code 0051342 image width caption 3 5 cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases are a protein family family of phosphodiesterase phosphodiesterases . Generally, these enzymes hydrolyze some nucleoside 3 ,5 cyclic phosphate to some nucleoside 5 phosphate. Some examples of nucleoside 3 ,5 cyclic phosphate include 3 ,5 cyclic AMP 3 ,5 cyclic dAMP 3 ,5 cyclic IMP 3 ,5 cyclic GMP 3 ,5 cyclic CMP Function Phototransduction Retinal 3 ,5 cGMP phosphodiesterase EC number 3.1.4.17 PDE is located in photoreceptor outer segments and is an important enzyme in phototransduction. ref name isbn0 12 738440 5 cite book author Arkinstall S, Watson SP title The G protein linked receptor factsbook publisher Academic Press location Boston year 1994 pages 214 222 isbn 0 12 738440 5 chapter Opsins doi accessdate ref PDE in rod cells are oligomeric, made up of two heavy catalytic subunits, 90 kDa and 85 kDa, and two lighter inhibitory subunits 11 kDa each . ref name pmid2833739 cite journal author Deterre P, Bigay J, Forquet F, Robert M, Chabre M title cGMP phosphodiesterase of retinal rods is regulated by two inhibitory subunits journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. volume 85 issue 8 pages 2424 8 year ... is a G protein which upon GDP GTP exchange in the transducin subunit catalyzed by photolyzed rhodopsin. The transducin subunit T is released from the and complex and diffuses into the cytoplasmic .... The C terminal of the PDE subunit is likely to be involved in inhibition of PDE and subunits ... more details
of five amino acid s. Degradation of cyclic di GMP is effected by proteins with phosphodiesterase ...chembox verifiedrevid 443547153 ImageFile cyclic di gmp wiki jypx3 091210.png ImageSize 200px IUPACName OtherNames Cyclic diguanylate 3 ,5 Cyclic diguanylic acid c di GMP 5GP 5GP Section1 Chembox Identifiers ... BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Cyclic di GMP also called cyclic diguanylate and c di GMP is a second messenger used in signal transduction in a wide ... pmc 2776827 ref Cyclic di GMP is not known to be used by eukaryote s or archaea . The biological role of cyclic di GMP was first uncovered when it was identified as an allosteric activator of a cellulose ... cyclic di GMP. Cyclic di GMP is synthesized by protein s with diguanylate cyclase activity. These proteins ... to be regulated using cyclic di GMP, at least in some organisms, include biofilm formation, motility and induction of virulence factors. Cyclic di GMP levels are regulated using a variety of mechanisms ... receive signals, such as PAS domain s. Enzymes that degrade or synthesize cyclic di GMP are believed ... are allosterically inhibited by cyclic di GMP. Cyclic di GMP levels regulate other processes ... by cyclic di GMP, presenting a mechanism by which cyclic di GMP can regulate cellulose synthase activity. The PilZ domain has been shown to bind cyclic di GMP and is believed to be involved in cyclic di GMP dependent regulation, but the mechanism by which it does this is unknown. Recent structural ... drastically upon binding to cyclic di GMP ref Cite journal last1 Benach first1 J last2 Swaminathan ... the molecular basis for different c di GMP binding modes by Pilz domain proteins journal Journal ... di GMP. Riboswitch es called the cyclic di GMP I riboswitch and cyclic di GMP II riboswitch regulate gene expression in response to cyclic di GMP concentrations in a variety of bacteria, but not all bacteria that are known to use cyclic di GMP. References Reflist Nucleobases, nucleosides, and nucleotides ... more details
to different antibodies than the proteins in the virus. A second method of subunit vaccine is the recombinant ... ViCPS is another subunit vaccine, in this case against typhoid . See also Quaternary structure ... more details
The Delta may refer to The Niger delta , an oil rich region of Nigeria The band The Delta band The Delta , a psychedelic trance project from Germany . The Arkansas Delta The Mississippi Delta The Sacramento River Delta The Delta film The Delta , a 1996 in film 1996 gay themed film disambig ... more details
wiktionary Delta commonly refers to Delta letter , or in the Greek alphabet, also used as a mathematical symbol River delta , a landform at the mouth of a river Delta Air Lines , a major U.S. airline Delta Connection Delta Express Delta Shuttle Delta may also refer to TOC right Places Argentina Paran Delta Canada Delta, British Columbia Delta provincial electoral district Delta electoral district Delta, Ontario, a village within the township of Rideau Lakes, Ontario Egypt Nile Delta Nigeria Delta State Niger Delta People s Republic of China Pearl River Delta Yangtze River Delta United States Delta, Colorado Delta, Illinois Delta, Iowa Delta, Louisiana Delta, Missouri Delta, Ohio Delta, Pennsylvania Delta, Utah Delta, Wisconsin , a town Delta community , Wisconsin , an unincorporated community Culture and society Education DELTA ELT , a professional qualification in English language teaching Delta, a quadra group used in Socionics Quadras socionics Entertainment and fiction Delta album Delta album , a 2007 album by Delta Goodrem Delta Visions of Atlantis album Delta Visions of Atlantis album , a 2011 album by symphonic metal band Visions of Atlantis Delta , a song by Crosby, Stills & Nash from Daylight Again Delta DVD Delta DVD Delta TV series Delta TV series , a 1992 TV series starring Delta Burke Delta video game Delta video game , a 1987 computer game Delta FM or Delta Radio, a former UK radio station Delta, a codename used by Jason Bourne in The Bourne Identity E 103 Delta ... Delta Megazord, a zord in Power Rangers in Space Deltas, the working class of Aldous Huxley s Brave New World Delta AI, a supporting character in Red vs. Blue Subject Delta, the protagonist of Bioshock 2 Delta Squad, the main characters in Gears of War Companies Along with the aforementioned Delta Airlines, other companies named Delta include Delta pen manufacturer , a manufacturer of fine writing instruments Delta Caf s , a Portuguese coffee roasting and coffee packaging company Delta Electric ... more details
Infobox Rocket image Thor Delta A with Explorer 14 Oct. 2, 1962 .gif caption Delta A launching Explorer 14 imsize 150px function Expendable launch system country origin USA sites Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Cape Canaveral Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 17 LC 17 launches 2 success 2 status Retired first 2 October 1962 last 27 October 1962 The Delta A , or Thor Delta A was an United States American expendable launch system used to launch two Explorer program Explorer spacecraft in October 1962. A derivative of the Thor Delta , it was a member of the Delta rocket family Delta family of rockets. The first stage was a PGM 17 Thor Thor missile in the DM 21 configuration, and the second stage was the Delta A rocket stage Delta A , an uprated version of the original Delta rocket stage Delta . An Altair rocket stage Altair solid rocket motor was used as a third stage. Both launches occurred from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 17 Launch Complex 17B , and were successful. The first launched Explorer 14 , and the second Explorer 15 . References refbegin cite web url http www.astronautix.com lvs delta.htm title Delta last Wade first Mark publisher Encyclopedia Astronautica accessdate 2009 02 09 cite web url http space.skyrocket.de doc lau fam thor.htm title Thor family last Krebs first Gunter publisher Gunter s Space Page accessdate 2009 02 09 refend Expendable launch systems US launch systems Thor and Delta rockets rocket stub Category Delta rocket family cs Delta A he A pl Thor Delta A ... more details
Infobox musical artist See Wikipedia WikiProject Musicians name Delta S image Delta S band upright1.jpg caption Promotional image for Delta S second album, Voyage to Isis . From left to right Lucien, Nicki Tedesco, Lyte, Tony Bandos, DJ Amanda Jones. background group or band origin Camarillo, California Camarillo , California , USA genre Industrial music Industrial , Trance music trance years active 1995 present label WindM Records small 2005 present small associated acts Sstaria website http www.deltasmusic.com ... br Nicki Tedesco br Tony Bandos past members Moe br Jim Prosser Delta S is a Christian Industrial ... s emotional value and authenticity. History Delta S was initially formed in 1995 by artists Moe and Lyte, under the name Entropy. Later that year, the band changed their name to Delta S. The name refers to a change in entropy Entropy statistical thermodynamics Delta So , and conceptually refers to the band ... released, and Delta S disbanded in 1998. ref http www.soundclick.com bands default.cfm?bandID 210765 Delta S SoundClick artist page ref After disbanding, Lyte continued the project as a solo effort. In 1999 production for the second Delta S album, And Sometimes... , began. This album was also ... Delta S album Chasm . This was released as the band s debut album in March 2005, under a created record ... 1 in May that year. ref http www.automatapedia.com index.php?title Delta S Automatapedia article on Delta S ref The band released a second album, Voyage to Isis , in December, 2007. The album featured ... Tranquil Chaos Discography Chasm Delta S album Chasm 2005, WindM Records Voyage to Isis 2007, WindM ... Tempest ref name automata References reflist External links http www.deltasmusic.com Official Delta S website http www.myspace.com deltas Delta S Myspace page http www.automatapedia.com index.php?title Delta S Automatapedia article on Delta S http www.soundclick.com bands default.cfm?bandID 210765 Delta S SoundClick artist page Category American industrial music groups Category Musical groups from ... more details
PBB geneid 5167 Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase family member 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ENPP1 gene . ref name pmid1315502 cite journal author Funakoshi I title Molecular cloning of cDNAs for human fibroblast nucleotide pyrophosphatase journal Arch Biochem Biophys volume 295 issue 1 pages 180 7 year 1992 month June pmid 1315502 pmc doi 10.1016 0003 9861 92 90504 P author separator , author2 Kato H author3 Horie K author4 Yano T author5 Hori Y author6 Kobayashi H author7 Inoue T author8 Suzuki H author9 Fukui S display authors 10 ref ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene ENPP1 ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 5167 accessdate ref The PBB Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template PBB Controls to Stop updates. PBB Summary section title summary text This gene is a member of the ecto nucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase ENPP family. The encoded protein is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein comprising two identical disulfide bonded subunits. This protein has broad specificity and cleaves a variety of substrates ... Interactions Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 has been shown to Protein protein interaction ... of insulin receptor function occurs via direct interaction with the receptor alpha subunit journal ... author Abate N title Mechanisms of disease Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 ... SI, Mercuri FA, Sali A, Goding JW title Autophosphorylation of PC 1 alkaline phosphodiesterase I ... characterization of human PC 1, an enzyme possessing alkaline phosphodiesterase I and nucleotide pyrophosphatase ... of PD Ibeta PDNP3 , a new member of the human phosphodiesterase I genes journal Genomics volume ... and promoter analysis of the ecto phosphodiesterase I gene PDNP3 expressed in glial cells journal Biochim ... function occurs via direct interaction with the receptor alpha subunit journal Diabetes volume ... more details
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