Infobox software name GNUAssembler latest release version 2.21 developer GNU Project latest release ... Assembly language AssemblerAssembler license GNU General Public License v3 website url http www.gnu.org software binutils The GNUAssembler , commonly known as GAS or simply AS , its executable name, is the Assembler computer programming assembler used by the GNU Project . It is the default back end of GNU Compiler Collection GCC . It is used to assemble the GNU operating system and the Linux kernel , and various other software. It is a part of the GNU Binutils package. The GAS executable is named after tt As Unix as tt , a Unix assembler. GAS is cross platform , and both runs on and assembles for a number of different computer architecture s. Released under the GNU General Public License ... nowiki pre Usage Being the back end for a popular compiler suite, namely GCC, the GNUAssembler ... GNUAssembler News url http sourceware.org cgi bin cvsweb.cgi src gas NEWS?rev 1.93&content type ... Intel Syntax work Using as, the GNUAssembler url http www.redhat.com docs manuals enterprise RHEL 3 Manual gnuassembler i386 syntax.html ref ref cite web title Linux assemblers A comparison of GAS ... and NASM at IBM man 1 as the portable GNUassemblerGNU X86 assembly topics DEFAULTSORT GnuAssembler Category Assemblers Category GNU Project software Assembler Category Free compilers and interpreters Category Linux programming tools Category Unix programming tools cs GNUAssembler de GNUAssembler es GNUAssembler fr GNUAssembler ja GNU ru GNUAssembler tr GNUAssembler ... architectures. The general syntax includes assembler directives and a method for commenting. Directives GAS uses assembler directive programming directives also known as pseudo ops , which ... language C programming language . While most of the available assembler directives are valid regardless of the target architecture, some directives are machine dependent. ref cite web title The GNU ... more details
wiktionary assemblerAssembler meaning one that assembles may refer to Assembly language Assembler , a computer program to translate between lower level representations of computer programs it converts basic computer instructions into a pattern of bits which can be easily understood by a computer and the processor can use it to perform its basic operations Assembler bioinformatics , a program to perform genome assembly Assembler nanotechnology , a conjectured construction machine that would manipulate and build with individual atoms or molecules A stage name of avant garde electronic musician Nobukazu Takemura List of Star Wars races A E Assembler , an alien race in the Star Wars science fiction films disambiguation de Assembler es Ensamblador desambiguaci n ... more details
GNU logo Image Heckert GNU white.svg 128px Logo family Unix like latest release version latest release ... kernel type Microkernel ui None license GNU General Public License and other free software ... url http gnu.org GNU IPAc en audio En gnu.ogg n u ref cite web url http www.gnu.org title What is GNU? work The GNU Operating System date September 4, 2009 publisher Free Software Foundation accessdate October 9, 2009 quote The name GNU is a recursive acronym for GNU s Not Unix it is pronounced g noo , as one syllable with no vowel sound between the g and the n . ref gnu is not a possible English pronunciation is a Unix like computer operating system developed by the GNU Project , ultimately aiming to be a complete Unix compatible software system ref cite web url http www.gnu.org gnu manifesto.html title GNU Manifesto publisher Gnu.org date accessdate 2011 07 27 ref composed wholly of free software . Development of GNU was initiated by Richard Stallman in 1983 and was the original ..., GNU remains incomplete Its kernel, Hurd, has never really made it out of the starting blocks ... system. ref ref name Hillesley Hillesley, Richard. http www.h online.com open features GNU HURD Altered visions and lost promise 1030942.html GNU HURD Altered visions and lost promise , June 30, 2010. See especially http www.h online.com open features GNU HURD Altered visions and lost promise ... never achieved production quality. ... Some of us are still wishing and hoping for the real deal, a GNU operating system with a GNU kernel. ref ref Lessig, Lawrence. The Future of Ideas The Fate of the Commons ..., but he was missing the core. ref The latest Alpha test alpha release of the GNU system is GNU 0.401, released on 1 April 2011, featuring GNU Hurd as the system s kernel computing kernel . Other non GNU kernels, most famously the Linux kernel , can also be used with GNU. The FSF maintains that Linux , when used with GNU tools and utilities, should be considered a GNU variants variant of GNU , and promotes ... more details
The Gnu sometimes known as I m a Gnu or The Gnu Song is a humorous song about a talking gnu by Flanders and Swann . The word gnu is consistently pronounced with two syllables as g noo , with the g clearly enunciated, and the n palatalization unpalatalised . The song also plays on silent letter s in other words such as k now and w ho , and adds initial Voiced velar plosive g s to various words beginning with n . As a prelude, Michael Flanders goes off into a completely irrelevant but very witty monologue about a car &mdash great big flashy thing, with teeth. Engine at both ends &mdash that is the bane of his existence since it constantly occupies the one spot in his road where he can comfortably get from wheelchair to car and vice versa. The licence number turns out to be 346 GNU. The song itself then begins, and consists of a brief piano introduction and two quite similar sung verses, each preceded by a verse spoken by Michael Flanders . Donald Swann neither speaks nor sings in this item. In the first verse, the singer is at the zoo when he meets a man who claims to know all the animals, but misidentifies a gnu as an elk the gnu corrects him. In the second verse, he has taken furnished lodgings, and wakes up in the night to see a stuffed hunting trophy above his bed he is trying to decide whether the animal s head could be a bison , an okapi or a hartebeest , when he seems to hear a voice, asserting indignantly that it is a g nu, a g nother g nu . Flanders and Swann first performed ... mentions The Gnu in connection with the naming of the GNU project in a 2002 interview. ref cite web ... Stallman interview title Technically Speaking An Interview With Richard Stallman, Inventor Of The GNU ... was the basis of the character Gary Gnu from The Great Space Coaster . Gary Gnu even performed ... fas hat gnu.html The Gnu on the Flanders and Swann website Flanders and Swann DEFAULTSORT Gnu, The Category Flanders and Swann songs Category Songs about animals song stub pl The Gnu ... more details
and GNUAssembler GAS assemblers X86 assembly topics Use dmy dates date September 2010 Category ... http webster.cs.ucr.edu AsmTools NASM title NASM The Netwide Assembler date accessdate 2008 06 27 ... be used, such as the Visual Studio LINK utility for Windows or GNU Linker ld for UNIX like systems ... tools Category Windows software cs Netwide Assembler de NASM es Netwide Assembler fr Netwide assembler it NASM informatica ka NASM ja Netwide Assembler pl NASM ru NASM sk Netwide Assembler uk NASM ... more details
level language, and so wrapper function s for system calls are written using inline assembler . The following C code are samples including a system call wrapper in AT&T syntax AT&T assembler syntax with the GNUAssembler . They are normally written with the aid of macros the full code is included ...In computer programming , the inline assembler is a feature of some compiler s that allows very low level code written in Assembly Language assembly to be embedded in a high level language like C programming language C or Ada programming language Ada . This embedding is usually done for one of three reasons Optimization computer science Optimization when assembly language is inlined for optimization, the most performance sensitive parts of an algorithm are replaced by hand written assembly. This allows the programmer to use the full extent of his ingenuity, without being limited by a compiler s higher level constructs. Access to processor specific Instruction computer science instruction s some processors offer special instructions, such as Compare and swap Compare and Swap and Test and set Test and Set &mdash instructions which may be used to construct Semaphore programming semaphores or other synchronization and locking primitives. Nearly every modern processor has these or similar instructions, as they are necessary to implement computer multitasking multitasking . To name a few, specialized instructions are found in the SPARC Visual Instruction Set VIS , Intel MMX instruction set MMX and Streaming SIMD Extensions SSE , and Motorola Altivec instruction set s. System call s high level languages rarely have a direct facility to make system calls, so assembly code is used. Example of optimization and processor specific instructions This example of inline assembly is from the D ... HOWTO http gcc.gnu.org onlinedocs gnat ugn unw Inline Assembler.html GNAT Inline Assembler http clang.llvm.org ... assembler de Integrierter Assembler ja sv Inline assembler zh ... more details
Multiple issues orphan March 2012 context May 2010 notability July 2008 Visual Assembly language Assembler is an Integrated development environment IDE for assembly language programs that incorporates Rapid application development RAD features. Direct support is provided for win32 assembly programming on x86 Central processing unit processors , using the Microsoft Macro Assembler MASM , Netwide Assembler NASM , or Turbo Assembler TASM assembler. Most assemblers are still text based, however Visual Assembler has its own Graphical user interface GUI . There was also a built in debugger References http www.fortunecity.com skyscraper lycos 403 Visual Assembler home page http www.masm32.com Microsoft Macro Assembler information and download page http nasm.sourceforge.net NASM home page http info.borland.com borlandcpp cppcomp tasmfact.html Borland s TASM home page http www.vetusware.com download TASM 205.0 ?id 65 Borland Turbo Assembler and Tools 5.0 download page External links Wiktionary assembly language Wikibooks Subject Assembly Language http www.asmcommunity.net The ASM Community , an ASM programming resource. http www.jegerlehner.ch intel IntelCodeTable.pdf Intel Assembly 80x86 CodeTable Category Integrated development environments Software stub ... more details
Infobox VG title Zeus Assembler image Deleted image removed File Zeus assembler.png 200px developer Neil Mottershead, Simon Brattel publisher Crystal Computing br Sinclair Research re release released 1983 genre Programming platforms ZX Spectrum requirements 48K RAM media Compact audio cassette Cassette Zeus Assembler is an assembler development tool for the ZX Spectrum written by Neil Mottershead and Simon Brattel, and published by Crystal Computing in 1983. The program was designed to make Zilog Z80 Z80 machine code programming easier, ref Six of the Best , ZX Computing , December January 1983 84 issue p.71 , Argus Specialist Publications ref with full symbolic instructions, and an editing style similar to the Spectrum s built in BASIC . Zeus Assembler was later re released by the manufacturer of the ZX Spectrum, Sinclair Research . Overview seealso Zilog Z80 The Z80 assembly language Zeus is a two pass assembler that allows full use of Zilog Z80 the processor s mnemonic instruction set. It features two main command modes assembler and editor, ref Zeus Assembler review , Home Computing Weekly , issue 36 p.52 , Argus Specialist Publications, November 1983 ref and includes an auto line numbering facility, and various subroutines for use within the user s programs, as well as printer output ref name sincuser and basic assembler features such as labels and expressions. ref name sincuser2 New Companies on the Sinclair Bandwagon , Sinclair User , issue 21 p.64 , ECC Publications, December ... Assembler was well received by the computing press. Your Computer British magazine Your Computer praised ... the program s ease of use for beginners, ref name sincuser Zeus Assembler Review , Sinclair User ... in the hands of an expert. ref name sincuser The necessity of exiting the assembler in order to save ... Sinclair User also praised the documentation as the best of any assembler available at the time ... links WoS game id 0009010 http www.desdes.com products oldfiles index.htm Zeus Assembler at Design ... more details
Molecular nanotechnology subfields A molecular assembler , as defined by K. Eric Drexler , is a proposed device able to guide chemical reactions by positioning reactive molecules with atomic precision . Some biological molecules such as ribosome s fit this definition. This is because they receive instructions from mRNA messenger RNA and then assemble specific sequences of amino acids to construct protein molecules. However, the term molecular assembler usually refers to theoretical human made devices. Beginning in 2007, the British Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council funds development of ribosome like molecular assemblers. Clearly, molecular assemblers are possible in this limited sense. A technology roadmap project, led by the Battelle Memorial Institute and hosted by several ... EP G007837 1 Likewise, the term molecular assembler has been used in science fiction and popular ... s Universal Assembler , the patented exponential assembly process by Zyvex , and a top level http www.jetpress.org ..., the nanoscale size of a typical science fiction universal molecular assembler requires an extremely large number of such devices. However, a single such theoretical molecular assembler might be programmed ... guidelines current.html Foresight Guidelines for Responsible Nanotechnology Development ref Most assembler designs keep the source code external to the physical assembler. At each step of a manufacturing ... assembler gets out of range of that computer, or when the link between that computer and the assemblers ... for the Greenpeace Environmental Trust ref However, it makes only passing references to assembler ... assembler. A molecular assembler is also a key element of the plot of the computer game Deus Ex ... for Responsible Nanotechnology http www.MolecularAssembler.com Molecular Assembler website http ... of Molecular Manufacturing Nanotech footer DEFAULTSORT Molecular Assembler Category Nanotechnology Category Manufacturing Category Molecular machines ar de Assembler Nanotechnologie es ... more details
Velvet is a set of algorithms manipulating de Bruijn graph s for genomic and de novo transcriptome assembly de novo transcriptomic Sequence assembly ref cite pmid 18349386 ref ref cite pmid 20027311 ref ref cite web url http www.ebi.ac.uk zerbino velvet title Velvet a sequence assembler for very short reads format work accessdate 2011 06 20 ref . It was designed for short read sequencing technologies, such as Solexa or 454 Sequencing and was developed by Daniel Zerbino and Ewan Birney at the European Bioinformatics Institute . The tool takes in short read sequences , removes errors then produces high quality unique contigs. It then uses paired end read and long read information, when available, to retrieve the repeated areas between contigs. It has also been implemented inside the commercial package Geneious Geneious Server . Algorithm The de Bruijn graph main De Bruijn graph For each k mer observed and its reverse complement in the set of reads, the hash table records the ID of the first read encountered containing that k mer and the position of its occurrence within that read.. A second database is created with the opposite information short read > original k mers are overlapped by subsequent reads. Simplification Whenever a node A has only one outgoing arc that points to another node B that has only one ingoing arc, the two nodes are merged. Removing Error Errors can be due to both the sequencing process or to the polymorphisms. Removing the tips a chain of nodes that is disconnected on one end. Removing bubbles with the Tour Bus algorithm Removing erroneous connections References reflist Category Bioinformatics algorithms Category Bioinformatics software Category DNA sequencing ... more details
The GNU toolchain is a blanket term for a collection of programming tool s produced by the GNU Project . These tools form a toolchain suite of tools used in a serial manner used for developing application software applications and operating system s. The GNU toolchain plays a vital role in development of Linux kernel , Berkeley Software Distribution BSD , and software for embedded system s. Parts of the GNU toolchain are also directly used with or Porting ported to other platforms such as Solaris operating system Solaris , Mac OS X , Microsoft Windows via Cygwin and MinGW MinGW MSYS and PlayStation 3 Sony PlayStation 3 . ref http www.sony.net Products Linux Sony Global Source Code Distribution Service Bot generated title ref Projects included in the GNU toolchain are make software GNU make Automation tool for compilation and build GNU Compiler Collection GCC Suite of compilers for several programming languages GNU Binutils Suite of tools including linker, assembler and other tools GNU Bison Parser generator GNU m4 m4 computer language m4 macro processor GNU Debugger GDB Code debugging tool GNU build system autotools Autoconf Autoheader Automake Libtool See also Portal Free software Glibc GNU C Library GNU Classpath Concurrent Versions System CVS MinGW Cygwin References Reflist GNU DEFAULTSORT Gnu Toolchain Category GNU Project software Category Computer programming tools programming software stub cs GNU toolchain da GNU toolchain de GNU Toolchain el GNU es GNU toolchain fr GNU toolchain ko GNU ml ja GNU pt Conjunto de ferramentas GNU ru GNU toolchain uk GNU toolchain zh GNU toolchain ... more details
Infobox software name GNU Binutils screenshot caption developer GNU Project latest release version 2.22 latest release date release date 2011 11 21 operating system genre programming tool s license GNU General Public License GNU GPL website http www.gnu.org software binutils The GNU Binary Utilities , or binutils , comprise a collection of programming tool s capable of creating and managing binary programs, object code object files , libraries, profile data, and assembly source code originally written by programmers at Cygnus Solutions . The GNU binutils are typically used in conjunction with Compiler s such as the GNU Compiler Collection gcc , build tools like make software make , and the GNU Debugger gdb . Through the use of the Binary File Descriptor library libbfd , most tools support the various object file formats supported by libbfd. H.J. Lu maintains a version of binutils with bleeding edge features for Linux. Commands The binutils include the following commands class wikitable code GNUAssembler as code Assembly language Assemblerassembler popularly known as GAS GnuASsembler code GNU linker ld code Linker computing linker code gprof code Performance analysis profiler code addr2line code convert address to file and line code ar Unix ar code create, modify, and extract from archive file archives code c filt code name mangling Name mangling in C demangling filter for C symbols ... Free software Coreutils List of Unix utilities GNU Debugger External links http www.gnu.org software binutils GNU Binutils homepage http www.kernel.org pub linux devel binutils Binutils for Linux GNU DEFAULTSORT Binutils Category Computer programming tools Category Free compilers and interpreters Category GNU Project software cs GNU binutils de GNU Binutils et Binutils el GNU es GNU Binutils fr GNU Binutils ko GNU hy Binutils ja Binutils pl Binutils ru GNU Binutils tr Binutils zh GNU Binutils ... more details
Classpath Java Infobox software name GNU Classpath logo Image GNU Classpath badge.png 180px screenshot Image GC SwingDemo.png 300px caption Demonstration of the GNU Classpath Swing Java Swing developer GNU Project br formally held by Free Software Foundation FSF status Active collapsible yes latest release version 0.99 ref cite web url http blog.fuseyism.com index.php 2012 03 16 gnu classpath 0 99 released title GNU Classpath 0.99 Released author Andrew John Hughes date 2012 03 16 ref latest ... Library computer science Library license GNU General Public License GNU GPL GPL linking exception GNU linking exception website url http www.classpath.org GNU Classpath is a project aiming to create ... based software such as Vuze and Eclipse software Eclipse . GNU Classpath has been one of the high priority directions of the GNU Project . While the source code of the official implementation from ... obstacle for many innovative projects that could not progress without altering this code. The GNU ..., as well as companies interested in providing alternative Java Run time system runtimes . GNU ... libgcj due to license incompatibilities, but later the two projects merged. License GNU Classpath is licensed under the GNU General Public License with a GPL linking exception linking exception . This is a free ... date October 2010 Uses GNU Classpath is used by many Free Java implementations free Java runtimes ... machine must provide an implementation of the standard class libraries. Some other uses include The GNU .... This system is written in Java and assembler only. Specialised virtual machines such as Jaos for integration ... on Myrinet http www.eecg.toronto.edu jupiter . The IcedTea project used GNU Classpath as a replacement for proprietary elements of OpenJDK , prior to their replacement upstream. History GNU Classpath ..., it merged several times with other projects having similar goals Kaffe , libgcj . In the past, GNU ... highest ever in 2006 Citation needed date August 2010 . The name GNU Classpath was originally suggested ... more details
Wiktionarypar gnuGnuGNUGNU or Gnu may refer to The Wildebeest or Gnu, an animal The GNU Project , to develop a complete Unix like operating system which is free software GNU , a computer operating system GNU General Public License , a free software license GNU Free Documentation License , a copyleft license for free documentation Gyeongsang National University , a key national university in the Republic of Korea The Government of National Unity South Africa , a constitutional arrangement Good News Unlimited, an evangelical non denominational Christian ministry The Gnu , a song by Flanders and Swann 9965 GNU , an asteroid named after the GNU Project Gnu Snowboards produced by Mervin Manufacturing disambig Category Initialisms cs Gnu de Gnu es u desambiguaci n eo GNU apartigilo fr Gnou homonymie gl u hom nimos he it GNU disambigua ja GNU pl Gnu pt GNU desambigua o ru GNU simple Gnu sr fi Gnu ... more details
notability Products date September 2011 unreferenced date September 2011 Infobox software name GNU m4 logo developer GNU Project screenshot caption latest release version 1.4.16 latest release date release date 2011 03 01 latest preview version latest preview date operating system Unix like platform genre m4 language m4 macro preprocessor license GNU Lesser General Public License website http www.gnu.org software m4 m4.html GNU m4 is an implementation of the m4 language m4 macro preprocessor . Developed by the GNU Project , GNU m4 is designed to avoid many kinds of limits found in traditional m4 implementations, such as maximum line lengths, maximum size of a macro and number of macros. Removing such arbitrary limits is one of the stated goals of the GNU Project. Citation needed date March 2012 The GNU Autoconf package makes extensive use of the features of GNU m4. GNU m4 is currently maintained by Gary V. Vaughan and Eric Blake. Released under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License , GNU m4 is free software . See also Portal inline Free software External links Official website http www.gnu.org software m4 m4.html Compu lang stub GNU Category Macro programming languages Category GNU Project software M4 ar 4 fr GNU M4 zh GNU m4 ... more details
notability date August 2011 primary sources date August 2011 Infobox software name GNU linker logo screenshot caption collapsible author GNU Project developer GNU Project released latest release version 2.22 latest release date release date 2011 11 21 latest preview version latest preview date frequently updated programming language operating system GNU platform size language status genre Linker computing Linker license GNU General Public License website GNU linker or GNU ld is the GNU Project s implementation of the Unix command ld Unix ld . GNU ld runs the Linker computing linker , which creates an executable file or a library software library from object file s created during compiler compilation of a software project. A linker script may be passed to GNU ld to exercise greater control over the linking process. ref http ftp.gnu.org old gnu Manuals ld 2.9.1 html node ld 6.html GNU Manuals Online binutils ref The GNU linker is part of the GNU Binary Utilities binutils . The name of the command originated as an abbreviation for Loader computing load . Citation needed date March 2009 GNU linker is free software , distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License . See also Portal Free software Binary File Descriptor library libbfd Gold linker External links http sourceware.org binutils docs 2.21 ld GNU linker manual man 1 ld The GNU linker References Reflist GNU DEFAULTSORT Gnu Linker Category Free compilers and interpreters Category GNU Project software Free software stub fr GNU linker ja GNU ld ... more details
Image Heckert GNU white.svg 235px thumb GNU logo NOTOC Image Richard Matthew Stallman.jpeg thumb 235px Cover picture for O Reilly Media s book Free as in Freedom Richard Stallman s Crusade for Free Software Free as in Freedom The GNU Manifesto was written by Richard Stallman and published in March 1985 in Dr. Dobb s Journal Dr. Dobb s Journal of Software Tools ref cite journal url http www.math.utah.edu ftp pub tex bib toc dr dobbs 1980.html 10 3 March 1985 title Dr. Dobb s Journal volume 10 issue ... Stallman accessdate 2011 10 18 ref as an explanation and definition of the goals of the GNU Project ... as a fundamental philosophical source. The full text is included with GNU software such as Emacs , and is available on the web. ref name GNU Manifesto cite web url http www.gnu.org gnu manifesto.html title The GNU Manifesto GNU Project Free Software Foundation FSF first Richard last Stallman authorlink Richard Stallman work Gnu.org date March 1985 accessdate 2011 10 18 ref Summary The GNU Manifesto begins by outlining the goal of the project GNU , which stands for GNU s Not Unix. The current contents of GNU at the time of writing are then described and detailed. Richard Stallman then goes ..., and also why computer users will benefit from the project. A large part of the GNU Manifesto is also focused on rebutting possible objections to GNU s goals. Objections described here include ... works, and why it would be a good choice for the technology industry to follow. ref name GNU Manifesto ... Open Letter to Hobbyists References Reflist 2 External links http www.gnu.org gnu manifesto.html GNU Manifesto GNU DEFAULTSORT Gnu Manifesto Category GNU Project Category Free software culture and documents ... Political manifestos Category 1985 works Activism stub ar ca Manifest GNU cs GNU Manifest es Manifiesto GNU fa fr Manifeste GNU ko GNU it Manifesto GNU ml ja GNU pl Manifest GNU pt Manifesto GNU ru GNU sk GNU Manifesto tr GNU Bildirisi ... more details
Infobox software name GNU cflow logo developer The GNU Project frequently updated no operating system GNU Linux , UNIX genre call graph flowgraph generator license GNU General Public License GPL free software website http www.gnu.org software cflow www.gnu.org software cflow Portal Free software GNU cflow is a call graph flow graph generator that is part of the GNU Project . It reads a collection of C programming language C source files and generate a C flow graph of external references. It uses only sources and doesn t need running the program. History It was initially an implementation of the GNU cflow cflow UNIX utility cflow UNIX utility. cflow UNIX utility cflow is a List of Unix utilities unix utility generating a C language flowgraph. Besides GNU, there are other implementations of cflow , like the one for Tru64 Unix ref name true64 http h30097.www3.hp.com docs base doc DOCUMENTATION V51B HTML MAN MAN1 0569 .HTM cflow Tru64 Unix , HP website , 2011. ref . References Reflist External links http savannah.gnu.org git ?group cflow Source code on the GNU Savannah platform. http directory.fsf.org wiki Cflow GNU cflow on the Free Software Directory . GNU DEFAULTSORT Cflow, Gnu Category C programming language Category GNU Project software Cflow Category Compiler construction Category Documentation generators fr GNU cflow ... more details
Unreferenced date July 2011 Infobox Software name GNU Hello logo developer GNU Project latest release version 2.8 ref cite mailing list last Thomas first Reuben title hello 2.8 released publisher lists.gnu.org date 2012 04 20 url http lists.gnu.org archive html info gnu 2012 04 msg00007.html accessdate 2012 04 20 ref operating system GNU , GNU Linux genre Application software license GNU General Public License website Official site http www.gnu.org software hello GNU Hello is an almost trivial free software program that exists in order to demonstrate how a range of functionality can be implemented according to the GNU coding standards and GNU maintainer practices. As such, it can serve as a template for new, more serious, software projects. See also Hello world program References Reflist External links http www.gnu.org software hello Category GNU Project Free software stub fr Hello world GNU hello ... more details
Infobox software name GNU Chess logo screenshot Image XBoard GNUChess.png 250px GNU Chess 6.0.0 on XBoard 4.5.1 caption GNU Chess 6.0.0 on XBoard 4.5.1 developer The GNU Chess Team latest release version 6.0.2 latest release date release date and age 2012 03 04 operating system GNU Linux , Unix , Mac OS X genre Computer chess license GNU General Public License Version 3 GPL v3 or later website http www.gnu.org software chess GNU Chess GNU Chess is a computer program which plays a full game of chess against a human or other computer program. The goal of GNU Chess is to serve as a basis for research. It has been used in numerous research contexts. GNU Chess is free software , licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License Version 3 GNU General Public License version 3 or any later ... for Unix based computers and one of the earliest available with full source code. GNU Chess has been ported to many other platforms. Features On basic, current computer chess architecture, GNU Chess ... Protocol were based on GNU Chess s command line interface. Version 6 also supports the Universal Chess Interface UCI . History The first version of GNU Chess was written by Stuart Cracraft. This project is one of the older parts of the GNU package of software, having started in 1984, the author having collaborated with Richard Stallman , pre GNU. Versions from 2 to 4 were written by John ... of programmers have enhanced and expanded GNU Chess. In 2011, GNU Chess underwent transition to version ... with heavy use of invariant assertions, and very few bugs. Some GNU Chess enthusiasts still maintain the 5.07 code base, ref http alpha.uhasselt.be Research Algebra Toga gnuchess release 5.07 GNU Chess ... ccrlchess.org.uk ccrl 404.live cgi compare engines.cgi?family GNU 20Chess&print Rating list&print Results ... of GNU Chess 5 is about 350 Elo stronger than the original FSF version. It is still weaker than GNU Chess 6 however. See also Portal Free software XBoard GNU Go References Reflist External links http ... more details
notability date August 2011 primary sources date August 2011 Infobox Software name GNU lightning developer GNU Project released start date 2001 1 19 ref name release history cite web url http ftp.gnu.org gnu lightning title ChangeLog accessdate 2009 02 22 publisher GNU Project ref latest release version hosted in git repository operating system Cross platform platform GNU genre Just in time compilation license GNU General Public License , GNU Lesser General Public License website http www.gnu.org software lightning Portal Free software GNU lightning is a free software library that generates assembly language code at run time. Supported backends are SPARC 32 bit , x86 32 and 64 bit and PowerPC 32 bit . An ARM port is under way ref name ARM http lists.gnu.org archive html lightning 2011 06 msg00000.html Message stating start of work of ARM port ref . Advantages Over Other Libraries The features GNU lightning provides make it useful for just in time compiler applications. As opposed to libraries such as LLVM or libJIT , it only provides a low level interface that assembles a standardized RISC architecture loosely based on the SPARC and MIPS architecture MIPS ref cite web url http www.gnu.org software lightning manual lightning.html title Using and porting GNU lightning accessdate 2009 02 22 ref into the target architecture s machine language. Disadvantages It does not provide register allocation , data flow analysis data flow or control flow analysis , or program optimization optimization . Projects that use GNU Lightning Racket programming language Racket , GNU Smalltalk , and CLISP ref cite web url http clisp.cons.org impnotes.html title Implementation notes for GNU CLISP accessdate 2009 02 23 ref make use of GNU lightning for just in time compilation . References references External links http www.gnu.org software lightning Using and porting GNU lightning GNU Category GNU Project software Free software stub pl GNU lightning ... more details
File GNewSense screenshot.png thumb 200px gNewSense is an example of a GNU Linux distribution GNU variants ... not contain the specific term GNU variants date August 2011 to refer to operating system s which ... GNU . ref cite web url http www.gnu.org gnu linux and gnu.html title Linux and the GNU Project accessdate ... the GNU Project publisher Free Software Foundation quote Many computer users run a modified version of the GNU system every day, without realizing it. Through a peculiar turn of events, the version of GNU which is widely used today is more often known as Linux , and many users are not aware of the extent of its connection with the GNU Project. There really is a Linux, and these people are using ... of the basic OS tools come from the GNU project hence the name GNU Linux. ref Hurd variants Arch Hurd is a derivative work of Arch Linux , porting it to the GNU Hurd system with packages optimised ... purposes and installations guides for LiveCD and conventional installation. Debian GNU Hurd is under ... support. ref https www.gnu.org software hurd news.html GNU Hurd news ref About two thirds of the Debian packages have been ported to Hurd. ref http wiki.debian.org Debian GNU Hurd Debian Wiki Debian GNU Hurd ref Linux variants details GNU Linux naming controversy Main Linux distribution The term GNU Linux is used by some to refer to an operating system where the Linux kernel is distributed with a GNU Userland computing userland and GNU system software . Such Linux distribution distributions are the primary installed base of List of GNU packages GNU packages and programs and also of Linux. The most notable official use of this term for a distribution is Debian GNU Linux. BSD variants anchor Debian GNU kFreeBSD Debian GNU kFreeBSD is an operating system for IA 32 and x86 64 computer architectures. It is a distribution of GNU with Debian package management and the kernel of FreeBSD . The k in kFreeBSD is an abbreviation for kernel of ref cite web url http wiki.debian.org Debian GNU kFreeBSD ... more details
Infobox software name GNU Mach title GNU Mach logo File screenshot File caption collapsible author developer GNU Project released Start date YYYY MM DD discontinued latest release version 1.3 latest release date Start date and age 2002 05 27 latest preview version latest preview date Start date and age ... license GNU General Public License website http www.gnu.org software hurd microkernel mach gnumach.html GNU Mach is an implementation of the Mach kernel Mach microkernel . It is the default Microkernel Microkernels microkernel in the GNU Hurd operating system . GNU Mach runs on IA 32 machines. GNU Mach is maintained by developers on the GNU project. Anybody can use, modify, and redistribute it under the terms of the GNU General Public License GPL . History Early versions of the Hurd were developed ... on Mach, and the GNU Project switched to University of Utah Utah s Mach 4. The kernel known as GNU ... hurd flash6 ref ref http lists.debian.org debian hurd 1999 08 msg00191.html Re Which Mach is GNU ... ref http git.savannah.gnu.org cgit hurd gnumach.git log A GNU Mach ChangeLog ref In 2002, Roland McGrath branched the OSKit Mach branch from GNU Mach 1.2, intending to replace all the device drivers and some of the hardware support with code from OSKit. After the release of GNU Mach 1.3, this branch was intended to become the GNU Mach 2.0 main line however, as of 2006, OSKit Mach is not being developed ... msg00778.html GNU Mach 1.3 release announcement ref ref http lists.gnu.org archive html bug hurd 2006 ... Oct 2006 ref As of 2007, development continues on the GNU Mach 1.x branch, and is working towards a 1.4 release. ref http savannah.gnu.org task ?6111 The GNU Hurd Tasks task 6111, Release GNU Mach 1.4 ... The Mach 4 Project , from which GNU Mach was derived. GNU DEFAULTSORT Gnu Mach Category Microkernels Mach, Gnu Category GNU Project software Mach Category Mach de GNU Kernel es GNU Mach fr GNU Mach pt GNU Mach zh GNU Mach ... more details
File GnuPascal small.png 120px thumb right center GNU Pascal logo center GNU Pascal GPC is a Pascal programming language Pascal compiler composed of a frontend to GNU Compiler Collection GCC , similar to the way Fortran and other languages were added to GCC. GNU Pascal is International Organization for Standardization ISO 7185 compatible, and it implements most of the ISO 10206 Extended Pascal standard. ref http www.gnu pascal.de gpc Welcome.html Welcome GPC Manual ref The major advantage of piggybacking GNU Pascal on the GCC compiler is that it is instantly Porting portable to any platform the GCC compiler supports. In July 2010 a developer http fjf.gnu.de gpc future.html publicly asked opinion on the future of GNU Pascal, due to developer shortage and maintenance issues as a GCC port. There was a http www.g n u.de pipermail gpc 2010 July thread.html lively discussion on the maillist where the developers seemed to lean towards reimplementing in C with a C code generating backend. The maillist went to sleep again, and As of 2011 11 lc on no further releases or announcements had been made. See also Free Pascal External links http www.gnu pascal.de The GNU Pascal GPC website http www.standardpascal.org Standard Pascal &mdash Resources and history of original, standard Pascal http www.standardpascal.org pug.html Pascal User s Group Newsletters &mdash An early Pascal history resource that contains many letters from Wirth and others concerning Pascal. http www.swissdelphicenter.ch en niklauswirth.php Pascal and its Successors &mdash An article by Niklaus Wirth about the development of Pascal, Modula 2 and Oberon http www.freepascal.org Free Pascal Compiler &mdash A currently maintained alternative to the GNU Pascal Compiler See also Wikipedia article on Free Pascal Pascal programming ... family Category Pascal compilers compu prog stub de GNU Pascal es GNU Pascal fr GNU Pascal ko GNU ja GNU Pascal ru GNU Pascal vi GNU Pascal ... more details
Image Heckert GNU white.svg thumb 300px The GNU logo, by Etienne Suvasa The GNU Project IPAc en audio En gnu.ogg n u ref cite web url http www.gnu.org title What is GNU? work The GNU Operating System ... GNU is a recursive acronym for GNU s Not Unix it is pronounced g noo , as one syllable with no vowel sound between the g and the n . ref gnu is not a possible English pronunciation is a free software ... Institute of Technology MIT . It initiated GNU operating system development in January, 1984. The founding ... cite web url http www.gnu.org gnu manifesto.html title The GNU Manifesto date 2007 07 21 publisher Free Software Foundation accessdate 2007 11 10 ref To make this happen, the GNU Project began working on an operating system called GNUGNU is a recursive acronym that stands for GNU s Not Unix . This goal of making a free software operating system was achieved in 1992 when the last gap in the GNU system ... as Free Software, under version 2 of the GNUGNU General Public License GPL . ref http www.gnu.org gnu linux and gnu.html ref Current work of the GNU Project includes software development, awareness building, political campaigning and sharing of the new material. Origins of the project When the GNU ... . ref Wardrip Fruin, Noah and Nick Montfort. The GNU Manifesto. The NewMediaReader . Cambridge, Massachusetts ... and the compiler were finished GNU was able to be used for program development. The main goal was to create many other applications to be like the Unix system. GNU was able to run Unix programs but was not identical to it. GNU incorporated longer file names, file version numbers, and a crashproof file system. The GNU Manifesto was written to gain support and participation from others for the project .... ref name manifesto GNU Manifesto Main GNU Manifesto The GNU Manifesto was written by Richard Stallman to gain support and participation in the GNU Project. In the GNU Manifesto, Stallman listed ... Main Free software movement Although most of the GNU Project s output is technical in nature, it was launched ... more details
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