GPU may be an acroynym for Computing Science Global processing unit , a generic name for a distributed computing project Gnutella processing unit , a http gpu.sourceforge.net distributed computing client Graphics processing unit , a special stream processor used in computer graphics hardware Power Engineering Ground power unit , a type of Auxiliary Power Unit APU used on the ground at airports to supply electric power toward aircrafts without an onboard APU. It is also used by aircraft with APUs if the airport authority does not permit the usage of APUs at its docks or if the carrier wishes to save on the use of jet fuel which APU s use . The most common form of GPU is a small vehicle or trailer with a diesel generator although units fueled with gasoline are not unknown. There are also all electric units that used electricity from the local electrical grid. Guitar Processing Unit http news.softpedia.com news GPU Stage Case and More Wonderful Accessories for the Brilliant StompIO from IK Multimedia 94328.shtml reference Other Gosudarstvennoye Politicheskoye Upravlenie State Political Directorate , the secret police of the RSFSR and USSR until 1934 General Public Utilities , a defunct New Jersey based electric utility purchased by FirstEnergy Corporation in 2001, and the original owners of the Three Mile Island nuclear plant The Global Peace and Unity event, an annual Muslim conference held at ExCeL Exhibition Centre in London Guinea pig units used in pharmacology Gatwick Ports Unit, the Special Branch unit based at Gatwick Airport disambig cs GPU rozcestn k da GPU de GPU et GPU es GPU desambiguaci n fr GPU gl GPU ko GPU it GPU disambigua hu GPU egy rtelm s t lap ja GPU sk GPU fi GPU sv GPU ... more details
Refimprove date December 2006 A GPU cluster is a computer cluster in which each node is equipped with a Graphics Processing Unit GPU . By harnessing the computational power of modern GPUs via General Purpose Computing on Graphics Processing Units GPGPU , very fast calculations can be performed with a GPU cluster. Hardware GPU The hardware classification of GPU clusters fall into two categories Heterogeneous and Homogeneous. Heterogeneous Hardware from both of the major Independent hardware vendor IHV s can be used ATi and nVidia . Even if different models of the same GPU are used e.g. 8800GT mixed with 8800GTX the gpu cluster is considered heterogeneous. Homogeneous Every single GPU is of the same hardware class, make, and model. i.e. a homogeneous cluster comprising 100 8800GTs, all with the same amount of VRAM Classifying a GPU cluster according to the above semantics largely directs software development on the cluster, as different GPUs have different capabilities that can be utilized ... of building and delivering a fully configured GPU cluster using the NVIDIA Tesla 20 series ... of the few companies that provides a complete line of GPU clusters and systems. ref http www.nvidia.com ... is being constantly updated Software The software components that are required to make many GPU equipped machines act as one include Operating System GPU driver for the each type of GPU present in each ... cluster platform http www.MOSIX.org txt vcl.html . Algorithm mapping Mapping an algorithm to run a GPU ... of the GPU cluster. References and external links cite book author Are Magnus Bruaset, Aslak Tveito ... http www.ncsa.illinois.edu kindr papers ppac09 paper.pdf GPU Clusters for High Performance Computing http www.cse.scitech.ac.uk disco cseht cseht.shtml GPU cluster at STFC Daresbury Laboratory http www.gputemp.com GPU Cores Temperature Monitoring Reflist Category Cluster computing Category Graphics hardware nl GPU cluster ... more details
Orphan date December 2011 Primary sources date September 2011 Infobox Software name GPU Z logo screenshot caption developer TechPowerUp programming language operating system Windows 2000 , Windows XP XP , Windows Vista Vista , Windows 7 7 latest release version 0.5.9 latest release date release date and age 2012 02 3 latest preview version latest preview date license Freeware website http www.techpowerup.com gpuz techpowerup.com gpuz GPU Z is a lightweight utility designed to give you all information about your video card and GPU ref name Camieabz TechPowerUp citation url http www.techpowerup.com gpuz title GPU Z ref . The program displays the specifications of the Graphics processing unit GPU and memory, and display temperature, core frequency, memory frequency and fan speeds. Features The program allows to know the following information On the video card Name cards Title GPU Process Technology Chip area Number of transistors Support for DirectX Pixel Shader Memory Type The amount of memory Memory Bandwidth Type of bus The width of the tire The frequency of GPU standard overclocked Memory Clock Version driver Version BIOS Sensors Core Clock GPU Memory Clock GPU Low GPU Speed fan Downloads GPU real time See also CPU Z References http www.techpowerup.com gpuz Official website Category Computer performance Category Windows only free software Windows software stub Reflist ... more details
Orphan date March 2011 refimprove date July 2010 GPU switching is used on laptops with multiple graphics controllers. The standard situation gathers an integrated graphics device and a discrete video card, the latter consuming more power than the first but also providing higher 3D performances, such as needed for game playing and CAD . This dual graphics solution may then enable longer battery times when no high performance graphics is needed. Windows support Windows 7 fully supports this feature by dynamically switching from one device to the other when needed. The change is then transparent to the user. Linux support In the Linux systems, a patch named tt vga switcheroo tt ref http kerneltrap.org mailarchive git commits head 2010 3 4 28037 ref has been added to the Linux kernel since version 2.6.34 in order to deal with multiple Graphics processing unit GPU . Here, the switch requires a restart of the X Window System to be taken into account. http sites.google.com site ubuntucontrolcenter Ubuntu Control Center allows the user to access tt vga switcheroo tt functionality through a Graphical user interface GUI . See also Nvidia Optimus ATI Hybrid Graphics Notes Reflist Category Graphics hardware Compu graphics stub ... more details
Mali T658 Webpage Arm Holdings. ref Implementations The Mali GPU variants can be found in the following ... 27 2012 Announcing The Lima Open Source GPU Driver ref The reverse engineering project was presented ... Phoronix, Jan 21 2012 An Open Source, Reverse Engineered Mali GPU Driver ref ref http fosdem.org 2012 schedule event mali FOSDEM schedule, Jan 21 2012 Liberating ARM s Mali GPU ref followed by the opening ... more details
Physics volume 227 issue 10 year 2008 pages 5342 5359 ref ref cite journal title GPU acceleration of cutoff ... based on the common processors. GPU accelerated molecular modelling software Programs Abalone ... Ascalaph Liquid GPU BigDFT Ab initio program based on wavelet PC GAMESS Firefly PC GAMESS ... Visual Molecular Dynamics VMD & NAMD on GPUs http www.ks.uiuc.edu Research gpu versions Octopus ... molecular dynamics on GPUs, v1.0 provides GPU accelerated version of GROMACS Distributed ... folding.stanford.edu Folding Home distributed computing project See also columns list 2 GPUGPU cluster ... more details
the GPU pipeline for 3D vertex and interpolated pixel properties, respectively. Subsequent high ... likely to use a C like, high level shading language for GPU programming, ARB assembly has the advantage ... gpu program4 extension, or the GLSL shading language. Most non nVidia OpenGL implementations do not provide ... to load ARBvp1.0 assembly instructions, enable selected programs, and to set various GPU parameters ... assembly instructions, enable selected programs, and to set various GPU parameters. OpenGL fragments are interpolated pixel definitions. The GPU s vertex processor calculates all the pixels controlled ... more details
Infobox GPU name Southern Islands family codename Southern Islands br Lombok br Cape Verde br Pitcairn br Tahiti br New Zealand created 2011 entry 7570, 7650, 7670 midrange 7750, 7770, 7850, 7870 highend 7950, 7970 enthusiast 7990 d3dversion Direct3D Direct3D 11 Direct3D 11.1 openglversion OpenGL OpenGL 4.2 openclversion OpenCL OpenCL 1.2 predecessor Northern Islands GPU family Northern Islands family successor Canary Islands The Southern Islands series is a family of Radeon Graphics processing unit ... semiaccurate.com 2011 04 06 amd will out the southern islands gpu architecture early title AMD will out the Southern Islands GPU architecture early publisher SemiAccurate date 2011 04 06 accessdate ... of the Northern Islands GPU family Radeon HD 6900 Cayman architecture. ref name test cite web url http ... Up ref Support for x86 addressing with unified address space for CPU and GPU. 64 bit addressing ... Express 3.0 Compliant publisher TechPowerUp date accessdate 2011 07 21 ref GPU sends interrupts ... AMD GPU architectures . Support for Partially Resident Textures, ref cite web url http pixelsmashers.com ?p 10341 title AMD Details Next Gen. GPU Architecture date accessdate 2011 08 03 ref which ... could lead to better utilization of the GPU for compute along with traditional graphics. It is noteworthy that, as opposed to the Evergreen GPU family Evergreen and Northern Islands GPU family Northern Islands GPU Families, the Southern Islands GPU Family has only 4 chips instead of 5, omitting the lowest ... is now served by GPU cores integrated into AMD s CPU s. citation needed date December 2011 Products ... Southern Islands, Kepler, and Apple s A6 process puzzle outed ref Video cards As with the most GPU ... worlds fastest 2011dec22.aspx AMD Launches World s Fastest Single GPU Graphics Card the AMD Radeon ... TDP. Reflist group N See also Radeon Evergreen GPU family Northern Islands GPU family References ... Southern Islands Gpu Family Category ATI Technologies products Category Graphics chips cs AMD Radeon ... more details
Refimprove date May 2009 Infobox GPU name Radeon HD 5000 series codename Evergreen br Cedar, br Redwood, br Juniper, br Cypress, br Hemlock created 2009 entry HD 5400 br HD 5500 series midrange HD 5600 br HD 5700 series highend HD 5800 series enthusiast HD 5900 series openglversion 4.1 d3dversion Direct3D Direct3D 11 Direct3D 11 Shader model 5.0 openclversion 1.1 predecessor Radeon R700 Radeon HD 4000 series successor Northern Islands GPU family Radeon HD 6000 series The Evergreen series is a family of graphics processing unit GPUs developed by Advanced Micro Devices for its Radeon line under the ATI Technologies ATI brand name. Release The existence was spotted on a presentation slide from AMD ... what has appeared to be most of AMD s Evergreen GPU lineup. Demand so greatly outweighed supply that more ... Technology previously ATI Eyefinity in this GPU family the ability to connect three to six displays ... 7 . One major milestone is that the Evergreen GPU family supports HDMI 1.3a output. The previous ..., 2009, starting with the HD 5970. ref name thepcreport http thepcreport.net 2009 11 dual gpu ati radeon hd 5970 released Dual GPU ATI Radeon HD 5970 released ref The Radeon HD 5900 series utilizes two ... cards however, AMD has abandoned the use of X2 moniker for dual GPU variants starting with Radeon HD 5900 series, making it the only series within the Evergreen GPU family to have two GPUs on one ... LE , the Radeon HD 5570 was released on February 9, 2010. It uses the same GPU as the Radeon ... 1024 2 br 2048 2 725 1010 1600 80 32 2 46.4 116 2 128 GDDR5 2 256 4640 51 294 Yes 928 Dual GPU on single ... TDP. sup 4 sup All cards features Angle independent anisotropic filtering & Evergreen GPU family ... Radeon R700 Northern Islands GPU family GeForce 400 Series References Reflist External links http ... Pages amd radeon 6800m.aspx AMD Radeon HD 6800M Series Graphics ATI DEFAULTSORT Evergreen Gpu Family ... ko GPU ru Radeon R800 zh Radeon R800 ... more details
Infobox GPU name Northern Islands Family image codename Northern Islands br Caicos br Turks br Barts br Cayman br Antilles created 2010 entry 6450, 6570, 6670 midrange 6750, 6770, 6790, 6850 highend 6870, 6930, ref Russia and China only http www.xbitlabs.com articles graphics display radeon hd 6930.html ref 6950, 6970 enthusiast 6990 d3dversion Direct3D Direct3D 11 Direct3D 11 br High Level Shader Language Shader Model 5.0 openclversion 1.1 openglversion 4.1 predecessor Evergreen GPU family Evergreen family successor Southern Islands GPU family Southern Islands family The Northern Islands series is a family of graphics processing unit GPUs developed by Advanced Micro Devices AMD for its Radeon line, based on the 40 nm process. Starting with this family, the former ATI Technologies ATI brand was officially discontinued in favor of making a correlation between the graphics products and the AMD branding for computing platforms the CPUs and chipsets . Therefore, the AMD brand was used as the replacement ... 1.4a and DisplayPort 1.2. Products Radeon HD 6400 Codenamed Caicos , this entry level GPU was released ... of the same 5 way Very long instruction word VLIW architecture as Evergreen GPU family HD 5000 series ... over Juniper s UVD 2.0 so none of these new formats are processed through the GPU. According to AMD ... instruction word VLIW architecture as Evergreen GPU family HD 5000 series . ref http www.anandtech.com .... Codenamed Antilles , the Enthusiast dual GPU dual 6970 Radeon HD 6990 was launched on March 9, 2011 ... Evergreen GPU family Southern Islands GPU family References reflist External links cite web url ... title AMD s Cayman GPU Architecture author David Kanter publisher realworldtech.com date December ... 6000 Pages amd radeon hd 6000.aspx AMD Radeon HD 6000 series ATI DEFAULTSORT Northern Islands Gpu Family ... Serie et Northern Islands GPU pere it AMD Radeon HD 6000 series ru Northern Islands uk Northern Islands GPU ... more details
of GPU devices for rapid prototyping work. In an October 2008 article, ref name tjs cite web url http techjournalsouth.com news article.html?item id 6304 title AccelerEyes GPU toolbox brings ... Basics Jacket technical documentation ref Jacket introduces new GPU specific data types into MATLAB. Once a GPU data structure has been created, any operations on that GPU matrix are performed on the GPU rather than the CPU. To turn off GPU computation, simply cast the data back to the CPU using ... GPU matrix gdouble CPU matrix GPU matrix fft GPU matrix CPU matrix double GPU matrix source Functional coverage Jacket includes GPU versions of most MATLAB functions ref cite web url http wiki.accelereyes.com ... May 23, 2010 year 2010 month May ref Multi GPU support The Jacket Multi GPU License MGL extends the single GPU support of the base Jacket product to as many as eight 8 GPUs in a single system image ... resources, such as GPU clusters, are already in place, Jacket HPC can be leveraged to run M code across ... ref . Graphics support Jacket includes a Graphics Library for coupling of GPU visualizations with GPU computation ref http www.accelereyes.com products jacketgfx ref . GPU versions of common MATLAB ... more details
Geomipmapping or geometrical mipmapping is a real time block based terrain rendering algorithm developed by W.H. de Boer in 2000 that aims to reduce CPU processing time which is a common bottleneck in level of detail approaches to terrain rendering. ref geomipmapping Prior to geomipmapping, techniques such as quadtree rendering were used to divide the terrain into square tiles created by binary division with quadradically diminishing size. The subdivison step is typically performed on the CPU which creates a bottleneck as geometry commands are buffered to the GPU. Unlike quadtrees which send 1x1 polygon units to the GPU, to reduce the CPU processing time geomipmapping divides the terrain into grid based tiles which are themselves regularly subdivided. Typically, a fixed number of vertex buffer objects VBOs are stored on the GPU at different grid resolutions, such as 10x10 and 20x20, and then placed at major terrain regions selectively chosen by the CPU. A vertex shader is then used to reposition the vertices for a given VBO, all on the GPU. Overall, this results in a major reduction in CPU processing, and reduced CPU to GPU bandwidth as the GPU then performs most of the work. Geoclipmap s and GPU raycasting are two other modern alternatives to geomipmapping for interactive rendering of terrain. References note geomipmapping de Boer, W.H., Fast Terrain Rendering using Geometrical Mipmapping , in flipCode featured articles, October 2000. Available at http www.flipcode.com tutorials tut geomipmaps.shtml. compu graphics stub Category Computer graphics algorithms ... more details
Accelerator is a data parallelism data parallel library computing library being developed by Microsoft Research . It allows data parallel programs to be written that runs on the GPU . It utilizes the DirectX runtime and shader programs to communicate with the GPU . The public API of the library is exposed using managed code External links http research.microsoft.com en us projects accelerator Accelerator Microsoft Research Microsoft Research Microsoft software stub Category Concurrent programming libraries Category Microsoft Research ru Accelerator ... more details
and produces software libraries for graphics processing unit GPU programming. ref name tjs AccelerEyes has products for GPU computing in C programming language C , C , Fortran , Python programming language ... to run on the GPU, using CUDA or OpenCL . ref name jacket cite web url http www.accelereyes.com products jacket title Jacket GPU computational backend for MATLAB publisher AccelerEyes date 2012 02 02 ... of GPU programming. ref name sc08 cite web url http scyourway.nacse.org conference view post124 title Jacket The GPU Engine for MATLAB publisher Supercomputing Conference 2008 SC08 , the International ... GPUs. ArrayFire is a software library that enables C, C , Fortran, and Python code to run on the GPU. ref name arrayfire cite web url http www.accelereyes.com products arrayfire title ArrayFire GPU ... Library enables seamless integration of GPU computing with OpenGL visualizing. The company s name, AccelerEyes ... GPU Software . See also Jacket software CUDA GPU MATLAB OpenCL References Reflist External links ... more details
40 frame s and higher. ref to provide a smooth experience. Single GPU configurations do not suffer ... GPU setup using the same video card model. REFERENCES ref cite web url http www.pcgameshardware.com ... GPU technologies author Raffael V tter date 2008 02 08 publisher PC Games Hardware Online accessdate ... date 2008 06 20 title GPU Microstuttering FAQ journal Hardforum.com url http hardforum.com ... s SLI solution is less affected by the phenomenon for dual GPU setups. Beyond dual GPU setups, CrossFireX ... way CrossFireX setup approaches the smoothness achieved by a single GPU. ref name toms hardware cite web title Micro Stuttering And GPU Scaling In CrossFire and SLI url http www.tomshardware.com ... processing unit GPU AMD CrossFireX Scalable Link Interface nVidia SLi Notes reflist group note ... Micro Stuttering And GPU Scaling In CrossFire And SLI Tom s Hardware http techreport.com ... more details
OpenACC is a programming standard for parallel computing developed by Cray , http www.caps entreprise.com CAPS , Nvidia and The Portland Group PGI . The standard is designed to simplify parallel programming of heterogeneous CPU GPU systems. ref cite news url http www.theinquirer.net inquirer news 2124878 nvidia cray pgi caps launch openacc programming standard parallel computing ref Like in OpenMP , the programmer can annotate C, C and Fortran source code to identify the areas that should be accelerated using PRAGMA compiler directives and additional functions. ref http www.openacc standard.org Downloads OpenACC.1.0.pdf?attredirects 0&d 1 ref Unlike OpenMP, code can be started not only on CPU, but also on GPU. Compiler support Support of OpenACC is planned in compilers from PGI, Cray, and CAPS ref http www.xbitlabs.com news other display 20111116234815 OpenACC Standard to Help Developers to Take Advantage of GPU Compute Accelerators.html ref Example OpenACC defines some pragmas, for example pragma acc region References Reflist External links http www.openacc standard.org Parallel Computing Category Parallel computing Category Standards ... more details
, 2010 ref Freescale I.MX i.MX6x series i.MX6 Series ref cite press release title Vivante GPU IP Cores ... GPU Core Brings Android 3.0 Honeycomb Support to Ingenic s Latest JZ4770 Application Processor date ... as GPU Partner for Netbooks date June 29th, 2009 url http vivantecorp.com ICT.html accessdate December 13, 2011 ref ref cite web title Guess what is ready for tape out It has a MIPS core and a GPU from ... more details
Northern Islands may refer to Northern Islands Municipality , one of the four main political divisions of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands The Northern Isles , Shetland and Orkney Northern Islands GPU family , a series of ATI AMD graphics processing units, superseding the Evergreen series disambig ... more details
Radeon 7000 may refer to ATI Radeon R100 RV100 Radeon 7000 , a computer graphics card series from 2001 AMD Southern Islands GPU family , a computer graphics card family from 2012, with many models designated Radeon HD 7 xxx disambig ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 File NVIDIA BR02 HSI High Speed Interconnect.jpg thumb right NVIDIA s BR02 chip NVIDIA s BR02 High Speed Interconnect often abbreviated to HSI chip was used in their early PCI Express graphics cards, where it acted as a bridge between the PCI Express connection to the computer and the natively Accelerated Graphics Port AGP Graphics processing unit GPU . This allowed NVIDIA to release a PCI Express graphics card without redesigning the graphics card s GPU for the new interface. NVIDIA has also developed an HSI chip which works in the opposite direction allowing natively PCI Express graphics card to be released for the AGP interface. Category Nvidia Computer stub Nvidia zh NVIDIA BR02 ... more details
Infobox GPU name Radeon HD 4000 series codename Wekiva br Makedon RV770 , br Trojan RV770 , ref http ... Evergreen GPU family Radeon HD 5000 series The Radeon R700 is the engineering codename for a graphics ... GPU codename Stream processing units SPU Memory Type Radeon HD 4890 RV790XT rowspan 2 800 rowspan ... features a 256 bit memory controller and is the first GPU to support GDDR5 memory, which runs at 900 ... author Anand Lal Shimpi & Derek Wilson date June 25, 2008 ref Multimedia features The RV770 GPU saw ... DVD DVD upscaling capability and dynamic contrast feature. The RV770 series GPU also supports xvYCC ... HDMI . The RV770 GPU also supports an Accelerated Video Transcoding AVT feature, which has video transcoding functions being assisted by the GPU, through stream processing . GPU interconnect enhancements Image R700 interconnect.png thumb right 350px R700 inter GPU communications architecture This generation of dual GPU design retains the use of a PCI Express bridge, PLX Technology PLX PEX 8647 with PCI ... the past generation of product Radeon HD 3870 X2 . Current generation of dual GPU design also features an interconnect for inter GPU communications through the implementation of a CrossFire X SidePort on each GPU, giving extra 5 GB s full duplex inter GPU bandwidth. These two features increase total bandwidth for dual GPU designs to 21.8 GB s. At this point, the CrossFire X Sideport ... GPU, packing 956 million transistors and being produced on a 55 nm process. The Radeon HD ... HD 4830 was updated on October 23, 2008, featuring the RV770 LE GPU with a 256 bit GDDR3 memory ... disabled. Dual GPU products using two RV770 GPUs, codenamed R700, were also announced. One product ... dual GPU product, the Radeon HD 4850 X2, with GDDR3 memory and lower clock speeds, is also available ... based on the RV790 GPU. Featuring an improved design with decoupling capacitor s to reduce signal noise ... timed the whole GPU chip, which resulted in a slight increase in die size but overall much better stability ... more details
Image Hollywood gpu.png thumb right 150px ATI Hollywood GPU within the Wii console Hollywood is the name of the graphics processing unit GPU used in Nintendo Nintendo s Wii video game console . It was designed by Advanced Micro Devices AMD s graphics product division, ATI Technologies ATI , and is manufactured using the same 90 nm CMOS process ref name hard japan ja icon cite web url http www.nintendo.co.jp n10 e3 2006 wii index.html title Wii Wii publisher Nintendo accessdate 2007 01 03 ref as the Broadway microprocessor Broadway processor. Very few official details were released to the public by Nintendo, ATI, or IBM . The Hollywood GPU is reportedly based on the Nintendo GameCube s Flipper GPU and is clocked 50 higher at 243 MHz, ref name IGNTech cite web title IGN Revolution s Horsepower date 2006 03 29 publisher IGN accessdate 2006 12 23 url http wii.ign.com articles 699 699118p1.html ref though none of the clock rate s have been confirmed by Nintendo, IBM, or ATI. GPU is fixed function only. The Hollywood is a multi chip module MCM package containing two Die integrated circuit die s under the cover. One of the two chips, codenamed Napa , controls the I O functions, Random access memory RAM access, and the actual GPU with its embedded Dynamic random access memory DRAM , and measures 8 9 mm. The other, codenamed Vegas , holds the Audio Digital signal processor DSP and the 24 MB of internal 1T SRAM and measures 13.5 7 mm. Citation needed date May 2010 The Hollywood also contains an ARM architecture ARM926 core, which has been unofficially nicknamed the Starlet . ref name Wiibrew cite web title Starlet url http wiibrew.org wiki Starlet work Wiibrew accessdate 2008 02 20 ref This embedded microprocessor performs many of the I O functions, including controlling the wireless functionality, Universal Serial Bus USB , the optical disc drive, and other ... Hollywood GPU sv Hollywood GPU ... more details
VPU may stand for Vancouver Police Union Visual Processing Unit , enhancement of GPU , launched by 3Dlabs in May 2002, with the P10 VPU architecture which fits the Wildcat VP workstation graphics solutions. Video Processing Unit , another term for GPU Vector processing unit , special processor architecture with features of pipelining for vector processing referring to vector instructions and operands for processing. Viral protein U Vpu , a regulatory protein found in HIV 1 Vulnerable Prisoner Unit Parcel Van Unit or Van Parcel Unit, a boggie used for carrying cargo attached to a train OR many such VPU s forming a rake. disambig de VPU ko VPU sr VPU sk VPU ... more details
15, 1923, the GPU left the Russian NKVD and was transferred into the all union Joint State ... spectacular success of the GPU OGPU was the Trust Operation of 1924 1925. OGPU agents contacted ... success. From 1927 to 1929, the GPU engaged in intensive investigations of an opposition coup ... and gave the GPU the authority to seek out hostile elements. This led to the Shakhty Trial in March ... Soviet Union. Gradually, its de facto powers became even greater than those of the Cheka. GPU brigades ... books?id IAs9AAAAIAAJ&pg PA120&dq soviet GPU troops&hl en&ei QuwWTLPEMoX7lwfu pTjCw&sa X&oi book result&ct ... Category Eastern Bloc Category Law enforcement in communist states bg ca OGPU da GPU milit r de ... Riiklik Poliitvalitsus es OGPU fr Gu p ou ko id GPU is Stj rnm lastofnun r kisins lt GPU hu llami Politikai Igazgat s g ja pl OGPU ro GPU ru sv GPU s kerhetstj nst ... more details
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