Inline citations date September 2011 Refs linked in the infobox Infobox disease Name Gastrointestinalperforation Image Free air2010.JPG Caption Free air under the right hemidiaphragm from a bowel perforated. DiseasesDB 34042 ICD10 K63.1, S36.9 ICD9 ICD9 569.83 , ICD9 863.9 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus 000235 eMedicineSubj med eMedicineTopic 2822 MeshID Gastrointestinalperforation is a complete penetration of the wall of the stomach, small intestine or large bowel, resulting in intestinal contents flowing into the abdominal cavity. Perforation of the intestines results in the potential for bacterial contamination of the abdominal cavity a condition known as peritonitis . Perforation of the stomach can lead to a chemical peritonitis due to leaked gastric acid . Perforation anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract is a surgical emergency . Signs and symptoms Sudden attack of pain in epigastrium to the right of midline in case of perforation of duodenal ulcer. In case of gastric ulcer the pain is in epigastrium. There is history of burning pain in epigastrium, flatulence and dyspepsia . History of drug intake without sufficient food intake may be present. In case of intestinal perforation pain starts from the site of perforation, visceral, and then spreads all over the abdomen. In any case there is board like rigidity of abdomen, tenderness, and rebound tenderness. After sometime the abdomen becomes silent, heart sounds can be heard all over. Patient stops passing flatus and motion, abdomen is distended. Gastrointestinalperforation results in severe abdominal pain intensified by movement, nausea and vomiting . Later symptoms include fever and or chills. Causes Underlying causes include gastric ulcer , appendicitis , gastrointestinal cancer , diverticulitis , superior mesenteric ... in the abdominal cavity. The perforation can often be visualised using CT. White blood cells are often ... of exploratory laparotomy and closure of perforation with peritoneal wash Sometimes medical evacuation ... more details
about perforations in an oil well Perforation oil well perforation in medicine and surgery Organ perforation Refimprove date May 2010 A perforation is a small hole in a thin material or web. There is usually more than one perforation in an organized fashion, where all of the holes are called a perforation ... plate and sound and vapor barriers. Processes Perforation can be created by pins, needles, die ... used in orienteering Rotary pinned perforation rollers are precision tools that can be used to perforate a wide variety of materials. The pins or needles can be used cold or heated. Cold perforation ... needle perforation tooling and equipment. In materials that have Elasticity physics elasticity this can ... a variety of materials, including plastic , steel , and aluminum . In more brittle films, cold perforation ... integrity under pressure. The solution to this is often heating the pin i.e. hot pin perforation. Hot perforation melts a hole in the material, causing a reinforced ring around the hole. Hot needle perforation also assists when high density pin patterns are utilized, as the heat aids the perforation ... and vegetable bags, hole punch ing and ticket punch ing. Laser perforation Laser cutting can .... However, laser systems are expensive. The big advantage of laser perforation is the consistency of the hole size, compared to mechanical perforation. This is very important in Modified atmosphere modified atmosphere packaging for fresh produce. The laser perforation is often carried out ... size. Applications Image Stamp US 1954 2c Jefferson coil pair.jpg right 240px thumb Perforation holes on a pair of coil stamps Perforation frequently refers to the practice of creating a long series ... in easy open packaging . Since the creation of perforation devices in the 1840s and 1850s, it has seen ... out individual pages. In today s cases, perforation is used in ways to separate loose leaf or even a form of graph paper from a ringed binder . A fine perforation next to the rings allows the page ... more details
Organ perforation is a complete penetration of the wall of a hollow organ in the body, such as the gastrointestinal tract in the case of gastrointestinalperforation . It mainly refers to accidental or pathologic perforation, rather than intentional penetration during surgery. Types include Gastrointestinalperforation and Uterine perforation . Category Injuries ... more details
Unreferenced date June 2008 Stercoral perforation is the perforation or rupture of the intestine s walls by its internal contents, such as foreign objects, or, more commonly, by hardened feces fecaloma s which may form in long constipation s or other diseases which cause obstruction of transit, such as Chagas disease , Hirschprung s disease , toxic colitis and megacolon . Stercoral perforation is a very dangerous, life threatening situation, as well as a surgical emergency , because the spillage of contaminated intestinal contents into the abdomen abdominal cavity leads to peritonitis , a rapid bacteremia bacterial infection of the blood , with many Complication medicine complications . See also Stercoral ulcer , which can lead to stercoral perforation Category GI tract disorders Category Gross pathology pathology stub ... more details
Corneal Perforation is an anomaly in the cornea resulting from damage to the corneal surface. A corneal perforation means that the cornea has been penetrated, thus leaving the cornea damaged. br The cornea is a clear part of the eye which controls and focuses the entry of light into the eye. Damage to the cornea due to corneal perforation can cause decreased visual acuity. Causes Diseases that cause progressive corneal thinning. Accidents during eye surgery, that results in scraping or injury of the cornea. Infection of the cornea post eye surgery. Indications Difficulty in seeing. Discoloration of the cornea. Persistent eye pain. Diagnosis Corneal perforation can be diagnosed by using the Seidel test . Any aqueous leakage is revealed during the Seidel test confirms corneal perforation. A fluorescence strip is wiped over the wound. If the clear aqueous humor from the eye runs through the yellow stain, the patient tests positive for corneal perforation. Treatment The treatment of corneal perforation depends on the location, severity and the cause of damage Tissue adhesive can be used to seal small perforation, but this method cannot be used to treat perforations larger than 1 mm. Non infected corneal perforation generally heals when a pressure bandage is used. For certain types of corneal perforations, lamellar keratoplasty is used as treatment. References No footnotes date April 2009 http www.haematologica.org cgi reprint 90 3 ECR15.pdf http www.lasermyeye.org patients learning cornealperf.html http www.ijo.in article.asp?issn 0301 4738 year 1983 volume 31 issue 5 spage 667 epage 668 aulast Raju External links http www.empowereddoctor.com ophthalmology lasik Corneal disorders Articles and videos DEFAULTSORT Corneal Perforation Category Diseases of the eye and adnexa ... more details
Infobox Disease Name PAGENAME Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 S 37 s 30 ICD9 ICD9 867.4 ICD9 867.5 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Uterine perforation is a potential complication of any intrauterine procedure . It may be associated with injury to surrounding blood vessels or viscera such as the bladder or intestine . If not diagnosed at the time of the procedure it can result in massive hemorrhage or sepsis . Risk factors include cervical stenosis during trans cervical procedures or decreased strength of the myometrial wall as in pregnancy or menopause. ref http www.utdol.com patients content topic.do?topicKey K dcOkbZ5xA2k7 utdol.com Uterine perforation during gynecologic procedures Author Barbara S Levy, MD, PS. Retrieved on Feb 14, 2010 ref See also uterine rupture References reflist medicine stub Nonmusculoskeletal injuries of abdomen and pelvis Category Injuries of abdomen, lower back, lumbar spine and pelvis be ru ... more details
Italic title Gastrointestinal Nursing is a monthly healthcare journal which publishes original research and clinical articles relevant to the practice of human gastrointestinal tract gastrointestinal nursing . It is published by MA Healthcare . External links Official http www.gastrointestinalnursing.co.uk Category Gastrointestinal nursing journals Category Monthly journals nurse journal stub ... more details
Infobox symptom Name Gastrointestinal bleeding Image PosFOB.JPG Caption A positive fecal occult blood ... Gastrointestinal bleeding or gastrointestinal hemorrhage describes every form of hemorrhage loss of blood in the gastrointestinal tract , from the pharynx to the rectum . It has diverse causes, and a medical ... the source of bleeding and carry out treatment. Signs and symptoms Gastrointestinal bleeding can ... ground vomit or stool. ref name EBMED2004 cite journal last Westhoff first John title Gastrointestinal ... id 75 ref Differential diagnosis Gastrointestinal bleeding can be roughly divided into two clinical syndromes upper gastrointestinal bleeding and lower gastrointestinal bleeding . ref name ..., and Coagulopathy blood clotting disorders . ref name EBMED2004 Upper gastrointestinal main Upper gastrointestinal bleeding Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is from a source between the pharynx ... of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. journal Best practice & research. Clinical gastroenterology ..., J title Effect of pharmacological therapies for stroke prevention on major gastrointestinal bleeding ... 2012 Jan volume 66 issue 1 pages 53 63 pmid 22093613 ref Lower gastrointestinal main Lower gastrointestinal bleeding Lower gastrointestinal bleeding is typically from the colon, rectum or anus. ref ... have a severe upper gastrointestinal bleed? journal JAMA volume 307 issue 10 pages 1072 9 year 2012 ... is useful for determining the exact location of the bleeding within the gastrointestinal tract. ref ... acute gastrointestinal bleeding a meta analysis. journal World journal of gastroenterology ... coauthors Barkun, AN title The overall approach to the management of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. journal Gastrointestinal endoscopy clinics of North America date 2011 Oct volume 21 issue 4 pages ... in acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. journal Health technology assessment Winchester, England ... in upper gastrointestinal bleeding. journal Cochrane database of systematic reviews Online date 2010 ... more details
A gastrointestinal series , also called a GI series , is a radiologic examination of the upper and or lower gastrointestinal tract. Upper GI series Lower GI series disambig ja ... more details
No footnotes date February 2011 The gastrointestinal hormones or gut hormones constitute a group of hormone s secreted by enteroendocrine cell s in the stomach , pancreas , and small intestine that control various functions of the digestive organs. Later studies showed that most of the gut peptides, such as secretin , cholecystokinin or substance P , were found to play a role of neurotransmitter s and neuromodulator s in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Enteroendocrine cells do not form endocrine glands but are spread throughout the digestive tract. They exert their autocrine and paracrine actions that integrate all of gastrointestinal function. Types of Gastrointestinal hormones The gastrointestinal hormones can be divided into three main groups based upon their chemical structure . Gastrin family Gastrin cholecystokinin family gastrin and cholecystokinin Secretin family secretin , glucagon , vasoactive intestinal peptide and gastric inhibitory peptide Somatostatin family Motilin family Substance P . Ghrelin is a peptide hormone released from the stomach and is often referred to as the hunger hormone since high levels of it are found in individuals that are fasting. Ghrelin antagonistic treatments can be used to treat illnesses such as anorexia and loss of appetites in cancer patients. Ghrelin treatments for obesity are still under intense scrutiny and no conclusive ... for gall bladder secretions, gastrointestinal motility as well as pancreatic exocrine secretions ... in control of gastrointestinal motility and satiation Amylin controls glucose homeostasis and gastric ... as well as satiation Glucagon like peptide 2 is responsible for gastrointestinal motility and growth ... system digestive system , gastrointestinal tract peptide YY References references External links http www.vivo.colostate.edu hbooks pathphys endocrine gi overview.html Overview of Gastrointestinal Hormones Colorado State University website Gastrointestinal hormones Gastrointestinal physiology Category ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 Gastrointestinal cancer refers to malignant conditions of the gastrointestinal tract , including the esophagus, stomach, biliary system, pancreas, bowels, and anus. The symptoms relate to the organ affected, and can include obstruction leading to difficulty swallowing or defecating , abnormal bleeding, or other associated problems. The diagnosis often requires endoscopy , followed by biopsy of suspicious tissue. The treatment depends on the location of the tumor, as well as the type of cancer cell and whether it has invaded other tissues or spread elsewhere in the body. This also determines the prognosis. Types Types of gastrointestinal cancer include Esophageal cancer Stomach cancer also called gastric cancer Hepatocellular carcinoma liver cancer also called hepatocellular carcinoma, HCC, and hepatoma Gallbladder cancer Pancreatic cancer Colorectal cancer also called colon cancer, bowel cancer, and rectal cancer Anal cancer Gastrointestinal stromal tumor s GIST Prognosis Prognosis is variable, and depends almost entirely on the specific type of cancer. Esophageal cancer has a dismal prognosis because it is often detected late colon cancer has a comparatively good prognosis when detected early. Pancreatic cancer also has a very poor prognosis, with only 5 of patients surviving more than 5 years after diagnosis. Digestive system neoplasia DEFAULTSORT Gastrointestinal Cancer Category Gastrointestinal cancer Oncology stub ... more details
unreferenced date December 2008 Gastrointestinal pathology is the subspecialty of surgical pathology ... and Board Certification Gastrointestinal pathology including liver , gallbladder and pancreas ..., to surgical pathologists with a special interest and extensive experience in gastrointestinal pathology. There are approximately 30 gastrointestinal pathology fellowships offered within the United ... than 40 fellowship trained gastrointestinal pathologists being trained annually in the United States each year. Fellowship in gastrointestinal pathology involves diagnostic evaluation of surgical whole organ and biopsy pathology of gastrointestinal tissue, with the exception of at least one corporate ... , Colon anatomy colorectal surgeons and gastrointestinal Radiology radiologists to ensure understanding of the clinical aspects of gastrointestinal disease, treatment modalities and other diagnostic findings research in gastrointestinal physiology, disease mechanisms and histomorphology education of general pathologists and clinical colleagues. During the course of a one year gastrointestinal pathology fellowship, the GI liver pathology fellow will review between 8,000 and 15,000 gastrointestinal ... considerable debate among academic and private practice gastrointestinal pathologists regarding ... C. Haggitt Gastrointestinal Pathology Society. The decision to seek Board Certification was declined by the membership of the Society. History of the Rodger C. Haggitt Gastrointestinal Pathology Society ... to gastrointestinal pathology. Due to its success, the first evening subspecialty conference devoted to gastrointestinal pathology was presented the following year at the IAP annual meeting in March ..., headed by Henry Appelman, organized a group for gastrointestinal pathologists. Every gastrointestinal ... for the organization was the Gastrointestinal Pathology Club. Only later did it achieve Society status ... changed to Rodger C. Haggitt Gastrointestinal Pathology Society. The organization was developed ... more details
Gastrointestinal physiology is a branch of human physiology addressing the physical function of the gastrointestinal system gastrointestinal GI system . The major processes occurring in the GI system are that of motility, secretion, regulation, digestion and circulation. The function and coordination of each of these actions is vital in maintaining GI health, and thus the digestion of nutrients for the entire body. Image Digestive system diagram en.svg thumb The Basic anatomy of the Digestive System Motility The GI tract generates motility using smooth muscle subunits linked by gap junctions . These subunits fire spontaneously in either a tonic or a phasic fashion. Tonic contractions are those contractions that are maintained from several minutes up to hours at a time. These occur in the sphincters of the tract, as well as in the anterior stomach. The other type of contractions, called phasic contractions, consist of brief periods of both relaxation and contraction, occurring in the posterior stomach and the small intestine, and are carried out by the muscularis externa . Stimulation The stimulation for these contractions likely originates in modified smooth muscle cells called interstitial cells of Cajal . These cells cause spontaneous cycles of slow wave potential s that can cause action potentials in smooth muscle cells. They are associated with the contractile smooth muscle via gap junctions. These slow wave potentials must reach a threshold level for the action potential to occur, whereupon Ca sup 2 sup channels on the smooth muscle open and an action potential occurs. As the contraction is graded based upon how much Ca sup 2 sup enters the cell, the longer the duration of slow wave, the more action potentials occur. This in turn results in greater contraction force from the smooth muscle. Both amplitude and duration of the slow waves can be modified based upon the presence ... of Bristol MeshName Digestive Physiology References reflist Gastrointestinal physiology Category ... more details
Orphan date April 2010 The hair perforation test , also known as an in vitro hair perforation test, is a laboratory test used to help distinguish the isolates of dermatophytes , such as Trichophyton mentagrophytes and its Genetic diversity variants . ref cite web url http www.mycology.adelaide.edu.au Laboratory Methods Culture Techniques and Media hair.html title Hair Perforation Test for Dermatophytes work School of Molecular & Biomedical Science publisher The University of Adelaide accessdate 2 January 2010 ref The test is performed by placing an organism into a petri dish containing water, yeast extract, and hair. The Mayo Clinic s mycology laboratory has identified five common dermatophytes Microsporum gypseum , Microsporum canis , Trichophyton rubrum , Trichophyton mentagrophytes , and Trichophyton tonsurans . ref cite web url http findarticles.com p articles mi qa3890 is 200201 ai n9055903 title Differentiating the dermatophytes last Caddell first Jeremy R year 2002 work CLINICAL PRACTICE MICROBIOLOGY publisher Clinical Laboratory Science pages 15 1 13 accessdate 2 January 2010 ref References Reflist Category Skin tests ... more details
sandscreens, may be the preferred choice. Oil Well Perforation may be basically classified in two types ... carried out with the help of Perforating Guns or Hollow carriers. In Over balanced Perforation the weight ... does not start flowing oil or Gas immediately after Perforation. However, it may have the effect ... links http www.dynawell.de ndg video start.html An example of no debris perforation technology from Dynawell, Germany http www.perf.com A video demonstration of oil well perforation with the use ... more details
Wikify date March 2012 Unsourced date March 2012 Hydro slotted perforation the effective and ecologically ... layers without destruction the casing and cement ring. Hydro slotted perforation provides the use .... Hydro slotted perforation also known like direct slotting fracturing DSL , abrasive hydro ... slicing not to be confused with jet blast perforation without the use of special engine or hydro mechanical slot perforation with cutter . gallery Hydro slotted perforation technology process.jpg gallery History The technology of opening the productive layers by hydro slotted perforation for increase ... tests in the wells were made in 1975 on Archeda field Volgograd, Russia . Hydro slotted perforation ..., China, Jordan, Yemen and Brazil. The first used of hydro slotted perforation in America dates ... and Stanford University Department of Geophysics. Hydro slotted perforation was used in California .... Hydro slotted perforation is based on the following Slot perforation hydraulic engine makes ... reduced. Hydro slotted perforation induces pressure discharge around the well bore zone, which ... by more than 5 times. Abrasive hydro slotted perforation slots penetrate more 6 feet into the formation ... around the hydro slotted perforation zone unlocks clay and formation particles. If desirable ... some other conventional stimulation methods, the hydro slotted perforation achieves a long lasting ... Hydro slotted perforation technology Dislodges clay particles and fines Hydro slotted cuts through ... perforation with gun perforation, shock shooting, jet perforation, abrasive jetting makes no sense ... perforation can be with other hydro jet methods only, but unlike hydro mechanical, hydro slotted perforation has more advantages Open the casing and the productive layer in a single process not separating ... Hydro slotted perforation slots.jpg gallery gallery Hydro slotted perforation side slots.jpg gallery ... Automatic hydraulic slot perforating engine Automatic slot perforation hydraulic engine consists ... more details
Infobox disease Nam Lower gastrointestinal bleeding Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 K 92 2 k 90 ICD9 ICD9 578.9 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus 003133 eMedicineSubj radio eMedicineTopic 301 MeshID Lower gastrointestinal bleeding , commonly abbreviated LGIB , refers to any form of bleeding in the lower gastrointestinal tract . LGIB is a common ailment seen at emergency departments. ref name HN It presents less commonly than upper gastrointestinal bleeding UGIB . It is estimated that UGIB accounts for 100 200 per 100,000 cases versus 20 27 per 100,000 cases for LGIB. ref name Am Approximately 85 of lower gastrointestinal bleeding involves the colon, 10 are from bleeds that are actually upper gastrointestinal bleeds, and 3 5 involve the small intestines. ref cite journal author Dutta G, Panda M title An uncommon cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding a case report journal Cases J volume 1 issue 1 pages 235 year 2008 pmid 18851756 pmc 2577108 doi 10.1186 1757 1626 1 235 url http www.casesjournal.com content 1 1 235 ref The mortality rate for LGIB is between 2 4 . ref name Am cite journal author Farrell JJ, Friedman LS title Gastrointestinal bleeding in the elderly journal Gastroenterol. Clin. North Am. volume 30 issue 2 pages 377 407, viii year 2001 month June pmid 11432297 ref Presentation A lower Gastrointestinal Bleed is referred as any bleed that occurs distal to the ligament of Treitz and superior to the anus . This includes the last 1 4 of the duodenum and the entire area of the jejunum ... ISBN 0 7817 5125 X ref The human feces stool of a person with a lower gastrointestinal bleed is a good ... hours. ref name HN Melena is four times more likely to come from an upper gastrointestinal bleed than ... Dictionary.com ref as with a lower gastrointestinal bleed. Diverticulosis, Angiodysplasia, Infectious ... techniques, or a perforation is found that requires surgery. ref name HN See also Fecal occult blood Blood in stool Rectal bleeding Upper gastrointestinal bleeding References reflist Gastroenterology ... more details
No footnotes date September 2011 Diagnostic infobox Name Lower gastrointestinal series Image Caption Procedure. ICD10 ICD9 ICD9proc 87.64 MeshID OPS301 OtherCodes A lower gastrointestinal series , also called a barium enema , is a medical procedure used to examine and diagnose problems with the human colon anatomy colon large intestine . X ray pictures are taken while barium sulfate fills the colon via the rectum. Procedure This test may be done in a hospital or clinic. The patient lies on the X ray table and a preliminary X ray is taken. The patient is then asked to lie on the side while a well lubricated enema tube is inserted into the rectum . As the enema enters the body, the patient might have the sensation that they have to have a bowel movement. The barium sulfate, a radiodensity radiopaque shows up on X ray Radiocontrast contrast medium , is then allowed to flow into the colon. A small balloon at the tip of the enema tube may be inflated to help keep the barium sulfate inside. The flow of the barium sulfate is monitored by the health care provider on an X ray fluoroscope screen like a TV monitor . Air may be puffed into the colon to distend it and provide better images often called a double contrast exam . If air is used, the enema tube will be reinserted if it had been removed whether it is depends on who does the exam and a small amount of air will be introduced into the colon, and more X ray pictures are taken. The patient is usually asked to move to different positions and the table is slightly tipped to get different views. If there is a suspected bowel perforation , a water soluble radiocontrast contrast is used instead of barium. The procedure is otherwise very similar, although the images are not quite as good. The concern with existing perforation is that contrast will leak from the bowel to the peritoneal cavity , and water soluble material, compared ... of ionizing radiation. A more serious risk is a bowel perforation . Special considerations CT scan ... more details
inline citations date November 2011 Infobox Disease Name PAGENAME Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 J 34 8 j 30 ICD9 ICD9 478.1 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID A nasal septum perforation is a medical condition in which the nasal septum , the cartilage cartilaginous membrane dividing the nostrils , develops a hole or fissure. This may be brought on directly, as in the case of nasal body piercing piercing s, or indirectly, as by long term topical drug use like cocaine or decongestant nasal spray s, chronic nosebleed epistaxis , aggressive digital nasal cleaning nose picking and as a complication of nasal surgery like septoplasty or rhinoplasty . Much less common causes for perforated nasal septums include rare granulomatous inflammatory conditions like Wegener s granulomatosis . It has been reported as a side effect of anti angiogenesis drugs like bevacizumab . Symptoms A perforated septum can vary in size and location, and is usually found deep inside the nose. It may be asymptomatic, or cause a variety of symptoms. Small perforations can cause a whistling noise when breathing. Larger perforations usually have more severe symptoms. These can be a combination of crusting, blood discharge, difficulty breathing, nasal pressure and discomfort. The closer the perforation is to the nostrils, the more likely it is to cause symptoms. Treatment The majority of septal perforations can be managed without surgery. The hole will never close but if the open, raw trailing edge of the perforation can heal, the vast majority of symptoms resolve. The open irritated and raw surface must be continuously covered with a cream using a cotton applicator. This will prevent this area from drying out, cracking, bleeding, forming a scab and crusting up. A few months of successful application will allow the ulcerated edge to heal and reduces or resolves symptoms. In a small percentage of patients surgery is necessary to alleviate symptoms. There are several different ... more details
The American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy , or ASGE, is a professional organization of physician s dedicated to improving endoscopy . The ASGE is made up largely of Gastroenterology gastroenterologists from the United States . Included in its membership are endoscopists from other medical specialties as well as from other countries. ASGE publishes the medical journal Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. The core purpose of the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy is to be the leader in advancing and promoting excellence in gastrointestinal endoscopy . Goals ASGE will be recognized by its members for helping them to improve their endoscopic practice. Regulatory agency Regulatory and credentialing agencies will look to ASGE as the source of expertise in the practice of endoscopy. ASGE benefits the profession and the public by promoting valuable, ongoing research in endoscopy and its application to disease management and prevention. Members will have access to up to date, quality education . Improve the quality of endoscopy delivered to the public. ASGE offers a member site, http www.asge.org www.asge.org , devoted to Endoscopy from a physicians point of view, a public site, http www.askasge.org www.askasge.org , for patients and their families who have questions about procedures and http www.screen4coloncancer.org www.screen4coloncancer.org , a site dedicated to information about colon cancer . Brochures in Spanish are available on the public sites. Category Medical associations based in the United States Category Gastroenterology organizations US health org stub es American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ... more details
Functional gastrointestinal disorder include a number of separate idiopathic disorders which affect different part of the gastrointestinal tract . ref name Review09 cite journal author Fass R title Functional heartburn what it is and how to treat it journal Gastrointest. Endosc. Clin. N. Am. volume 19 issue 1 pages 23 33, v year 2009 month January pmid 19232278 doi 10.1016 j.giec.2008.12.002 url ref Classification Functional esophageal disorders Functional heartburn Functional chest pain of presumed esophageal origin Functional dysphagia Globus pharyngis Functional colonic disease Functional constipation Functional rectal pain Diagnosis The Rome process has helped to define the functional gastrointestinal disorders. ref name urlRome Foundation Scoring Rome III Questionnaire using SAS cite web url http www.romecriteria.org rome iii sas title Rome Foundation Scoring Rome III Questionnaire using SAS format work accessdate ref Successively, the Rome I, Rome II and the Rome III meetings have proposed a consensual classification system and terminology, as recommended by the Rome Coordinating Committee. Epidemiology Functional gastrointestinal disorders have been found in 60 70 of both Canadian and America populations. ref name Review09 References reflist Category GI tract disorders pl Zaburzenia czynno ciowe przewodu pokarmowego ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Gastrointestinal stromal tumor Image Gastric GIST 1 .jpg Caption Histopathologic image of gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the stomach. Hematoxylin eosin stain. DiseasesDB 33849 ICD10 .... A gastrointestinal stromal tumor GIST is one of the most common mesenchyme mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract 1 3 of all gastrointestinal malignancies . They are typically defined as tumors ... J title Gastrointestinal stromal tumors review on morphology, molecular pathology, prognosis, and differential ... Patients present with dysphagia trouble swallowing , gastrointestinal hemorrhage or metastasis metastases ... cite journal author Hersh MR, Choi J, Garrett C, Clark R. title Imaging Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ..., Moskovic EC. title Malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumor distribution, imaging features, and pattern ... WG, Gibbs JF title Gastrointestinal stromal tumors current diagnosis, biologic behavior, and management ... cite journal author Lehnert T title Gastrointestinal sarcoma GIST a review of surgical management ... gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the small intestine radiologic pathologic correlation journal Radiat ... of GIST. Gastrointestinal stromal tumours journal Ann Chir Gynaecol volume 87 issue 4 pages 291 2 year ... in the gastrointestinal tract journal Histol Histopathol volume 15 issue 4 pages 1293 301 year 2000 pmid 11005253 ref ref name miettinen2 cite journal author Miettinen M, Lasota J title Gastrointestinal ... cite journal author Ulusan S, Koc Z, Kayaselcuk F title Gastrointestinal stromal tumours CT findings ... are tumors of connective tissue , i.e. sarcoma s unlike bowel cancer most gastrointestinal tumor ... of Cajal ICC , ref name miettinen cite journal author Miettinen M, Lasota J title Gastrointestinal stromal ... of gastrointestinal stromal tumors journal Surg Endosc volume 20 issue 5 pages 713 6 year 2006 month ... gastrointestinal stromal tumors title http www.touchoncology.com articles efficacy imatinib unresectablemetastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors author Patel Shreyaskumar R, Wong Patrick ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Diagnostic infobox Name Upper gastrointestinal series Image Eosinophilic esophagitis barium swallow.jpg Alt Caption Upper GI series barium swallow of the esophagus, showing abnormalities associated with eosinophilic esophagitis . DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICD9proc 87.62 ICDO MedlinePlus eMedicine MeshID LOINC HCPCSlevel2 OPS301 OPS301 3 13b Reference range Upper GI series , also upper gastrointestinal GI tract radiography , is a radiology radiologic examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract . It consists of a series of X ray images of the esophagus , stomach and duodenum . The most common use for this medical testing is to look for signs of Peptic ulcer ulcers , acid reflux disease , uncontrollable vomiting , or unexplained blood in the stools hematochezia or positive fecal occult blood . Application Preparation When the patient needs to undertake an upper GI, he or she is asked to take a fast on the previous day, depending on what the doctor wishes the patient to take or what might be the needed for this testing. Normally, the patient must avoid solid food for up to eight hours prior to the appointment and avoid any type of consumable, including water, three hours prior to the testing. Process This is a non invasive test, consisting of an X ray. In the X ray room, the patient is given two medications to drink that help improve the quality of the resulting X rays. The patient may also be administered glucagon , a pancreatic hormone that is injected intravenously. The first drink is very carbonated, made from baking soda crystals which expands the stomach by causing gas to build in the stomach. The second drink is a contrast agent , typically a thick, chalky liquid containing a barium salt. This test is sometimes called a barium swallow. The barium outlines the stomach on the X rays, helping the doctor find tumors or other abnormal areas ... Upper Gastrointestinal Series Category Projectional radiography Category Digestive system imaging ... more details
Infobox disease Name Upper gastrointestinal bleeding Image DU 2.jpg Caption Endoscopic image of a posterior wall duodenal ulcer with a clean base, which is a common cause of upper GI hemorrhage . DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 K 92 2 k 90 ICD9 ICD9 578.9 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj med eMedicineTopic 3565 MeshID Upper gastrointestinal GI bleeding refers to hemorrhage in the upper gastrointestinal tract . The anatomic cut off for upper GI bleeding is the ligament of Treitz , which connects the fourth portion of the duodenum to the Thoracic diaphragm diaphragm near the splenic flexure of the colon ... including NSAIDs and SSRIs . SSRIs double the rate of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. ref cite web ... associated with upper gastrointestinal bleeding in adults? format work Global Family Doctor accessdate ... in the upper gastrointestinal tract. People are usually stratified into having either ... with low risk upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage multicentre validation and prospective evaluation ... of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. journal Gastrointestinal endoscopy clinics of North America ... and cost effectiveness of proton pump inhibitors in acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. journal ... initiated prior to endoscopic diagnosis in upper gastrointestinal bleeding. journal Cochrane ... Tranexamic acid for upper gastrointestinal bleeding. journal Cochrane database of systematic reviews ... tranexamic acid for upper gastrointestinal bleeding. journal Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics ... AA, Haynes ML, Nick TG, Weiss SJ title Usefulness of the blood urea nitrogen creatinine ratio in gastrointestinal ... of upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding in patients without hematemesis journal Am J Emerg Med volume ... title Gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage. The value of a nasogastric aspirate journal Arch. Intern ... Lower gastrointestinal bleeding Forrest classification Rockall score References Reflist 2 External links http www.patient.co.uk showdoc 40000851 Patient.uk Gastroenterology DEFAULTSORT Upper Gastrointestinal ... more details
Primary sources article date April 2010 Infobox Organization name Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons image motto Mission Statement to provide leadership in surgery, particularly gastrointestinal and endoscopic surgery, to optimize patient care through education, research and innovation. formation 1981 type professional association headquarters Los Angeles, California location flagicon USA United States membership 6000 leader title President leader name Jo Buyske, M.D. budget The Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons SAGES is a non profit organization of surgeons. It describes itself thus ref name sages http www.sages.org about SAGES, Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons ref SAGES represents a worldwide community of surgeons that can bring minimal access surgery, endoscopy and emerging techniques to patients in every country. The mission of the group is to provide leadership in surgery, particularly gastrointestinal and endoscopic surgery, to optimize patient care through education, research and innovation. It held its first Scientific Session, in tandem with Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia in September, 1983, and its first independent meeting in Williamsburg in 1986. With support from Springer Verlag, publisher of Surgical Endoscopy , the 1st World Congress of Endoscopic Surgery was held in Berlin, Germany in 1988 Publications SCOPE The Official SAGES Newsletter. Published quarterly. Mini SCOPE A quarterly e newsletter describing the Society s activities. Surgical Endoscopy The official monthly journal of SAGES. Guidelines on Guidelines for Granting of Privileges for Surgeons in Flexible Endoscopy 1987 , The Role of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Guidelines for Clinical Application 1990 , Training in Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography 1992 , Framework For Post Residency Training 1993 , Guidelines for the Surgical Practice of Telemedicine 1996 , Bariatric ... more details
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