as early as the GelasianSacramentary , the one gesture almost always precedes or precedes and follows .... Augustines anti Donatist works ref to admission of adult converts to the catechumenate ref E.g. in the GelasianSacramentary, ed. L. C. Mohlberg, cite Liber Sacramentorum Romanae Aeclesiae Ordinis Anni ... Rome, 1981 , 93 598 trans. Whitaker, 192 and the Fulda Sacramentary, ed. Gregor Richter and Albert ... Missale Gothicum cite the Gregorian Sacramentary Hadrianum the cite Ordo Romanus L cite and in the cite ... Bobbio Missal ref Neale, cite Gallican Liturgies, cite 266 ref and the 10th century Fulda sacramentary , alongside the more common baptismal exsufflation. ref cite Fulda Sacramentary, cite 332 2631 ... Italian Services, cite 5, 11, 16, 33. ref The Hadrianum version of the Gregorian Sacramentary, sent ... century cite Leofric Pontifical cite and cite Sacramentary cite dictates an insufflation of baptizands ..., cite I.xxv.2 ed. Hanssens, 2 134 5 and I.xxvi 2 136 8 the Gellone Sacramentary, ed. Dumas, 99 ... facis ei crucem in fronte the same doublet is applied to the baptismal water in the Gellone Sacramentary ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Context date October 2009 Image Sakramentarz tyniecki.jpg thumb right Tyniec Sacramentarium Majestas Domini The Tyniec Sacramentarium is an Ottonian art Ottonian illuminated manuscript written in ca. 1060 1070, probably near Cologne . A Sacramentary gives the priest s readings and prayers for the Mass liturgy Mass . It is one of the oldest surviving codices in Poland, where it first arrived during the Middle Ages. Magnificently decorated, it is one of the most precious artefacts of the Ottonian manuscript painting school. Category Christian illuminated manuscripts Manuscript art stub fr Sacramentaire de Tyniec ... more details
wiktionary Leonine Leonine may refer to Leonine City , a part of the city of Rome Roman Colleges Collegio Apostolico Leoniano Leonine College , a Roman College college for priests in training in Rome. Leonine facies , a face that resembles that of a lion Leonine Prayers , a set of prayers that from 1884 to early 1965 were prescribed by the Popes for recitation after Low Mass Leonine Sacramentary , a manuscript written in the seventh century Leonine verse , a type of versification based on internal rhyme, and commonly used in Latin verse of the European Middle Ages Lion s pertaining to or characteristic of the lion. See also Leonina disambiguation disambiguation ... more details
The Gauss Matuyama Reversal was a geologic event approximately 2.588 million years ago when the Earth Earth s magnetic field underwent Geomagnetic reversal reversal . This event, which separates the Piacenzian from the Gelasian and marks the start of the Quaternary ref name INQUA 16 1 http www.inqua.tcd.ie documents QP 2016 1.pdf Clague, John et al. 2006 Open Letter by INQUA Executive Committee Quaternary Perspective, the INQUA Newsletter International Union for Quaternary Research 16 1 ref , is useful in dating sediments. Biological effects The event is marked by the extinction of calcareous nannofossils Discoaster pentaradiatus and D. surculus , among others. References nowiki See http en.wikipedia.org wiki Wikipedia Footnotes for an explanation of how to generate footnotes using the ref and ref tags, and the template below. nowiki references See also Geomagnetic reversal Category Paleomagnetism Geology stub es L mite magnetoestratigr fico Gauss Matuyama ... more details
manuscript of the Gregorian Sacramentary Vat. Reg. 337 does not contain the Exsultet, but it was added in the supplement to what has been loosely called the Sacramentary of Adrian, and probably ... more details
Drogo lang fr Dreux or Drogon lang it Drogone was the name of several historical figures Drogo of Rouvray, fought on the side of William of Normandy Battle of Hastings, 1066 Drogo of Champagne 670 708 , duke of Champagne Drogo of Metz , bishop of Metz and son of Charlemagne Drogo Sacramentary and illustrated manuscript. Drogo of Brittany , duke of Brittany r. 952 958 Drogo of Mantes 996 1035 , count of the V xin Drogo of Hauteville , count of Apulia and Calabria 1046 1051 Saint Drogo 1105 ca. 1185 , French hermit Drogo of Nesle , participant in the First Crusade From fiction List of Hobbits Drogo Drogo Baggins is the name of a Hobbit in J. R. R. Tolkien s stories Khal Drogo Khal Drogo Khal Drogo , the Dothraki lord who weds Daenerys Targaryen in George R. R. Martin s A Song of Ice and Fire series. Places Castle Drogo , a mansion house in Devon, England. disambig als Drogo br Drogon cs Droga de Drogo eo Drogo fr Drogon hr Droga razdvojba nl Drogo pl Droga ru sk Droga sl Droga ... more details
Nothing is known for certain of a pseudepigraphy pseudepigraphical Epistle to the Alexandrians purportedly by Paul of Tarsus Paul that is mentioned in the Muratorian fragment , one of the earliest lists of the Development of the Christian Biblical canon canonical texts of the New Testament the anonymous author of the Muratorian canon considered spurious the letters claiming to have Paul of Tarsus Paul as author, and that claim to be written Epistle to the Laodiceans to the Laodiceans and this one to the Alexandrians, which are specifically said to be forged in Paul s name to further the Marcionism heresy of Marcion . Zahn believed himself to have found a fragment of the Epistle to the Alexandrians in the shape of a lesson a liturgical Epistle in the eighth century Sacramentary and Lectionary of Bobbio Paris Bib cat., Lat. 13246 . It is headed Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Colossians, but it is not from that letter or any other. Other scholars consider that it is simply an alternative title to the Epistle to the Hebrews the Epistle to the Laodiceans mentioned with it in the list discovered by Father Ludovico Antonio Muratori is often identified with the Epistle to the Ephesians . Category Apocrypha Category Pseudepigraphy he pl List do Aleksandryjczyk w fi Paavalin kirje aleksandrialaisille ... more details
Hildoard ref Hildoardus, Hildoward, Hildeguard. ref was bishop of Cambrai from 790 to 816. He was a liturgical reformer, closely tied to the court of Charlemagne ref Celia Martin Chazelle, The Crucified God in the Carolingian Era Theology and Art of Christ s Passion 2001 , p. 79. ref . His sacramentary is the only surviving exact copy, made around 812, of the Sacramentarium Hadrianum , sent out by Pope Hadrian I to Charlemagne. ref Yitzhak Hen , Culture and Religion in Merovingian Gaul, A.D. 481 751 1995 , note p. 58. ref ref John Michael Wallace Hadrill, The Frankish Church 1983 , p. 212. ref He restored Maubeuge Abbey ref http www.catho.be ftp paroisses bw AldOp5003 Site staldegonde.html, in French. ref . Notes references Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Hildoard ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 816 PLACE OF DEATH Category 816 deaths Category Bishops in Gaul Category Bishops of Cambrai ... more details
were once much more numerous the GelasianSacramentary has as many as 38 special forms to be intercalated ... date and are not found in early Sacramentary sacramentaries . In a concelebrated Mass, this prayer ... more details
Portal Anglicanism The Anglican Breviary is a privately published Anglo Catholic edition of the Liturgy of the Hours Divine Office translated into English. It is based on the Roman Breviary as it existed prior to both the Second Vatican Council and the Liturgical reforms of Pope Pius XII 1955 liturgical reforms of Pope Pius XII . gallery gallery It contains the liturgical offices of the Hours Matins or Midnight Prayer Midnight Lauds or Dawn Prayer Dawn Prime liturgy Prime or Early Morning Prayer 6 a.m. Terce or Mid Morning Prayer 9 a.m. Sext or Midday Prayer 12 noon None liturgy None or Mid Afternoon Prayer 3 p.m. Vespers or Evening Prayer 6 p.m. Compline or Night Prayer 9 p.m. See also Anglo Catholicism Anglican Missal English Missal External links http www.anglicanbreviary.net The Anglican Breviary http anglicanhistory.org misc breviary.html Anglican Versions of the Breviary, by T. J. Williams http anglicangradual.stsams.org Anglican Gradual and Sacramentary http societies.anglican.org anglocatholic anglicanmissal missal.htm The Anglican Missal http www.andrewespress.com md.html The Monastic Diurnal http www.andrewespress.com mdn.html The Monastic Diurnal Noted http www.fssm.info The Priestly Fraternity of Saint Martin http groups.yahoo.com group TheRomanBreviaryGroup Breviary Discussion Forum Category Anglo Catholicism Anglican stub ... more details
File Meister des Drogo Sakramentars 001.jpg thumb 200px right Decorated initial T from Drogo s personal sacramentary Drogo June 17, 801 December 8, 855 , also known as Dreux or Drogon , was an illegitimate son of Franks Frankish emperor Charlemagne by the concubine Regina concubine Regina . As one of the few children to outlive his father, Drogo s prospects for political power were very favourable. Only one older son of Charlemagne remained, and was eager to ensure his few opponents were placated. He became a cleric in 818, abbot of Luxeuil in 820, acceded to become bishop of Metz in 823 and arch chapter in 834 in which position he remained for the duration of his life. His younger full brother, Hugh, son of Charlemagne Hugh , was also ordained. He remained extremely loyal to his half brother, Louis the Pious and amassed great power under him. Drogo s influence began to wane after Louis death, and his influence fell even more after the death of his only full brother Hugh in 844. Still, he managed to ensure the production of the Drogo Sacramentary , which is named for him. He is interred at Abbey Church of St. Arnulf in Metz . Information about Droga, bishop of Metz we can find e.g. in Annales Bertiniani anno 839 Dominicae nativitatis festum hilariter, a Drogone fratre suo et Metensis urbis episcopo decentissime susceptus, in eadem civitate caelebravit External links Familypedia Drogo of Metz 801 855 Persondata name Drogo of Metz alternative names short description date of birth 801 place of birth date of death 855 place of death Category Carolingian dynasty Category Frankish bishops Category 801 births Category 855 deaths Category Bishops of Metz Category 9th century bishops france bishop stub da Drogo fra Metz de Drogo von Metz es Drogo de Metz fr Drogon de Metz it Drogo di Metz nl Drogo van Metz no Drogon de Metz pl Drogo syn Karola Wielkiego ru sh Drogo od Metza ... more details
, with a beginning date of 2.588 Ma, namely the start of the GelasianGelasian Stage . In the 2004 ... that the Neogene and the Pliocene end at 2.588 Ma, that the Gelasian be transferred to the Pleistocene ... the Gelasian age, which was formerly considered part of the Neogene Period and Pliocene Epoch. ref ... more details
Quaternary Calabrian is a subdivision of the Pleistocene epoch geology Epoch of the Geologic time scale . 1.8 Ma. 781,000 years ago 5,000 years, a period of Mya 1.8 0.781 million years . The end of the stage is defined by the last geomagnetic reversal magnetic pole reversal 781,000 5,000 Ka and plunge in to an ice age and global drying possibly colder and drier than the late Miocene Messinian through early Pliocene Zanclean cold period. ref A chronology of Pliocene sea level fluctuations, U.S. Atlantic Coastal Plain Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 10, p. 163 174. ref Originally the Calabrian was a European faunal stage primarily based on mollusk fossils. It has become the second geologic age in the Early Pleistocene. Many of the mammal ian faunal assemblages of the Early Pleistocene start in the Gelasian . For example, the Platygonus and other Blancan fauna appear first in the Gelasian. History of the definition of the Calabrian Because sea shells are much more abundant as fossils, Nineteenth and early Twentieth Century geo scientists used the plentiful and well differentiatable Mollusca mollusks and Brachiopod s to identify Stratigraphy stratigraphic boundaries. Thus the Calabrian was originally defined as an assemblage of mollusk fossils, most brachiopods being extinct by then. Efforts were then made to find the best representation of that assemblage in a stratigraphic section . By 1948 scientists used the initial appearance of cool water northern invertebrate faunas in Mediterranean marine sediments as the beginning marker for the Calabrian. The 18th International Geological Congress in London 1948 placed the base of the Pleistocene at the base of the marine strata of the Calabrian Faunal Stage and denominated a Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point type section in Mezzogiorno southern Italy . However, it was discovered that the original type section was discontinuous at that point and that the base of the Calabrian Stage as defined by fauna assemblages ext ... more details
to set forms, and collections of prayers were made which later developed into Sacramentary Sacramentaries and Orational s. The collects of the Breviary are largely drawn from the Gelasian and other Sacramentaries ... more details
Unreferenced date March 2008 Infobox musical artist See Wikipedia WikiProject Musicians name Axis of Advance image caption image size background group or band alias origin Canada genre years active start date 1998 end date 2008 label Osmose Productions associated acts website http aoa.ark11.net aoa.ark11.net current members W r br Vermin br J. Read past members notable instruments Axis of Advance was a Canadian death metal band that formed in 1998 and dissolved in 2008. The band was formerly known as Sacramentary Abolishment , until drummer Paulus Kressman left the band. Kressman went on to form another death metal band called Rites of Thy Degringolade and currently plays drums in the black metal band Weapon. Axis of Advance consisted of three members guitarist vocalist W r, bassist vocalist Vermin and drummer J. Read, who is classified as a session member despite his position of being apparently permanent. Vermin also plays session guitars in J. Read s main band Revenge and was involved in Weapon for a short period of time. Releases class wikitable Title Released Landline CD April 1999 Strike CD LP November 2001 The List CD LP October 2002 Obey album Obey CD LP September 2004 Purify album Purify mCD mLP January 2006 External links http aoa.ark11.net Axis of Advance http www.osmoseproductions.com Osmose Productions http www.redstream.org Red Stream http www.invictusproductions.net Invictus Productions References http aoa.ark11.net main.html Axis of Advance has been laid to rest after 10 prolific years , Official Axis of Advance Site October, 2008. DEFAULTSORT Axis Of Advance Category Musical groups established in 1998 Category Musical groups disestablished in 2008 Category Canadian musical groups missing province or territory Category Canadian black metal musical groups Category Blackened death metal musical groups Category Musical trios da Axis of Advance it Axis of Advance pt Axis of Advance Canada band stub ... more details
Infobox saint name Saint Nicomedes birth date death date feast day 15 September venerated in Roman Catholic Church image imagesize caption birth place Ancient Rome death place titles Martyr beatified date beatified place beatified by canonized date canonized place canonized by attributes patronage major shrine suppressed date issues prayer prayer attrib Saint Nicomedes was a Martyr of unknown era, whose feast is observed 15 September. The Roman Martyrologium and the historical Martyrologies of Bede and his imitators place the feast on this date. The Gregorian Sacramentary contains under the same date the orations for his Mass. The name does not appear in the three oldest and most important Manuscripts of the Martyrologium Hieronymianum , but was inserted in later recensions Martyrol. Hieronymianum , ed. G. B. de Rossi L. Duchesne , in Acta SS., November II, 121 . The saint is without doubt a martyr of the Roman Church. He was buried in a catacomb on the Via Nomentana near the gate of that name. Three seventh century Itineraries make explicit reference to his grave, and Pope Adrian I restored the church built over it De Rossi, Roma Sotterranea , I, 178 79 . A titular church of Rome, mentioned in the fifth century, was dedicated to him titulus S. Nicomedis . Nothing is known of the circumstances of his death. The legend of the martyrdom of Saints Nereus and Achilleus introduces him as a presbyter and places his death at the end of the first century. Other recensions of the martyrdom of St. Nicomedes ascribe the sentence of death to the Maximian Emperor Maximianus beginning of the fourth century . Source CathEncy title Saint Nicomedes url http www.newadvent.org cathen 11069c.htm Catholic wstitle Saint Nicomedes Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Nicomedes ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH Ancient Rome DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Nicomedes Category Christian martyrs of the Roman era Category Roman Catholic sai ... more details
Infobox musical artist See Wikipedia WikiProject Musicians name Revenge image caption image size background group or band alias origin Edmonton , Alberta , Canada genre Black metal ref name Rockdetector years active 2000 present label Dark Horizon br Osmose br War Hammer br Nuclear War Now associated acts Angelcorpse br Arkhon Infaustus br Axis of Advance br Blasphemy band Blasphemy br Conqueror br Cremation br Domini Inferi br Feldgrau br Gloria Diaboli br Godless North br Order from Chaos br Sacramentary Abolishment br Terror Organ br Weapon website current members Pete Helmkamp vocals live vocals , bass guitar bass br James Read session vocals, drums past members Ryan F rster additional guitar s br Vermin session guitars, live vocals br Attacker bass br Dehumanizer guitars Revenge is a Canada Canadian black metal band formed in 2000 by James Read following the collapse of his previous outfit Conqueror. Revenge s chaotic black metal sound represents a direct continuation of Read s previous band s direction. They have to date released three full length albums on the French Osmose label. Biography Following the demise of Canadian blackened death metal band Conqueror, James Read formed Revenge in 2000 in Edmonton , Alberta , with the help of fellow scene veterans Ryan F rster of Conqueror, Blasphemy band Blasphemy and Domini Inferi and Vermin of Sacramentary Abolishment and Axis of Advance . ref name Rockdetector http www.rockdetector.com artist canada edmonton revenge Revenge biography Rockdetector ref Utilising the session musicians Attacker and Dehumanizer, the band recorded the Attack.Blood.Revenge 10 EP. The EP, which featured a cover of Bathory band Bathory s War , was released through Dark Horizon Records in 2001. The same year, Read joined French band Arkhon Infaustus for European touring, whilst also contributing session drums for fellow Canadians Axis of Advance . In June 2002, Revenge now solely Read was joined by Pete Helmkamp, of Order from Chaos and Ang ... more details
Image Biface Cintegabelle MHNT PRE 2009.0.201.1 V2.jpg thumb right 300px Four views of an Acheulean handaxe Paleolithic 233 The Lower Paleolithic or Lower Palaeolithic is the earliest subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age . It spans the time from around 1 E13 s 2.5 million year s ago when the first evidence of craft and use of stone tool s by Hominidae hominid s appears in the current archaeological record , until around 300,000 years ago, spanning the Oldowan mode 1 and Acheulean mode 2 Lithic technology lithics industries. The Lower Paleolithic is followed by the Middle Paleolithic , which sees the appearance of the more advanced Prepared core technique prepared core tool making technologies such as the Mousterian . Whether the earliest control of fire by hominids dates to the Lower or to the Middle Paleolithic remains an open question. Gelasian see Gelasian Homo habilis Olduvai Gorge The Lower Paleolithic begins with the Gelasian Lower Pleistocene , some 2.5 million years ago with the appearance of the Homo genus Homo habilis , possibly developing out of australopithecine forebears such as Australopithecus garhi . These early members of the Homo genus had primitive tools, summarized under the Oldowan horizon, which remained dominant for the best part of a million years, from about 2.5 to 1.7 million years ago. Homo habilis is assumed to have lived primarily on scavenging , using the tools to cleave meat off carrion or to break bones in order to extract the Bone marrow marrow . The move from the mostly frugivorous or omnivorous diet of Australopithecus to the carnivorous scavenging lifestyle of early Homo has been explained by the climate changes in East Africa associated with the Quaternary glaciation . Decreasing oceanic evaporation resulted in a drier climate and an expansion of the savannah at the expense of forests. Reduced availability of fruits forced some Australopithecine to unlock new food sources found in the drier savannah climate. Derek Bick ... more details
italictitle Taxobox name Titanis fossil range Pliocene to Gelasian Earliest Pleistocene ref name GeoWhen http web.archive.org web 20071205102302 http www.stratigraphy.org geowhen stages Gelasian.html GeoWhen Database Gelasian December 2007, from Internet archive ref image Phorusrhacid skeleton.jpg image width 250px image caption Reconstructed skeleton, Florida Museum of Natural History regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Bird Aves ordo Cariamiformes familia Phorusrhacidae genus extinction Titanis genus authority Pierce Brodkorb Brodkorb , 1963 in paleontology 1963 subdivision ranks Species subdivision T. walleri small Brodkorb, 1963 Type species type small Titanis is a large extinct flightless bird flightless carnivorous bird of the family biology family Phorusrhacidae , endemic to North America during the Blancan Blancan stage of the Pliocene living 4.9 1.8 Annum Ma , and died out during the Gelasian Age of the earliest Pleistocene , existing approximately Mya 4.9 1.8 million years . ref O. C. Marsh. 1875. On the Odontornithes, or birds with teeth. American Journal of Science 10 403 408 ref Etymology File Pierce Brodkorb.jpg left upright thumb Pierce Brodkorb with the tarsometatarsus of Titanis dark and another bird The genus generic name, Titanis , refers to the Titan mythology titan s, Ancient Greece Ancient Greek gods that preceded the Twelve Olympians , in allusion to the bird s size. The species specific name, T. walleri , honors the holotype s collector, Benjamin I. Waller. Origin It lived approximately 5 2 million years ago early Pliocene to early Pleistocene in North America . Fossil evidence has been found in Gilchrist County, Florida dating from 3.0 to 2.9 million years. ref John Alroy Alroy, John , Ph.D. Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil mammals, 2002. John P. Hunter, Ohio State University, Mammalian Paleontology. ref From circumstantial evidence i.e., bone fractures , it has been suggested that the species did not become ... more details
P small Gelasian G small Early Pleistocene L small Middle Pleistocene M small Late Pleistocene ... Gelasian G small Early Pleistocene L small Middle Pleistocene M small Late Pleistocene U small small ... more details
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