Merge to financial exclusion date May 2010 Financial inclusion or inclusive financing is the delivery of financial services at affordable costs to sections of disadvantaged and low income segments of society ... of this public policy. The term financial inclusion has gained importance since the early 2000s, and is a result of findings about financial exclusion and its direct correlation to poverty. Financial inclusion is now a common objective for many central banks among the developing nations. Financial ... poor people in the world still lack access to sustainable financial services, whether it is savings ... people from full participation in the financial sector. Together, we can and must build inclusive financial sectors that help people improve their lives. According to the United Nations the main ... to the range of financial services for which they are bankable, including savings, short and long ... regulation where required Financial and institutional sustainability as a means of providing access to financial services over time Multiple providers of financial services, wherever feasible ... any number of combinations of sound private, non profit and public providers . Financial Inclusion Taskforce, UK The United Kingdom was one of the first countries to realize the importance of financial inclusion. It published its strategy of financial inclusion in its report Promoting Financial Inclusion which was published alongside the Pre Budget Report of 2004. The UK government also set up the Financial Inclusion Fund of 120 m to help bring about financial inclusion. The Financial Inclusion Taskforce was formally launched on 21 February 2005 to monitor progress on financial inclusion and to make suitable recommendations. The Alliance for Financial Inclusion Formed in 2009 with funding from the Gates Foundation , the Alliance for Financial Inclusion is made up of regulatory institutions ... banking central banks financial regulators sign declaration on financial inclusion ref a set of common ... more details
unreferenced date April 2008 The Financial Post was an English Canada Canadian business newspaper, which published from 1907 to 1998. In 1998, the publication was folded into the new National Post , although the name Financial Post has been retained as the banner for that paper s business section and also lives on in the Post nowiki nowiki s monthly business magazine, Financial Post Business. The Financial Post was first published in 1907 by John Bayne Maclean . It was a weekly publication, and one of the core assets of Maclean s media business, which eventually became Maclean Hunter . The paper was purchased by Sun Media in 1987, and expanded into a daily tabloid newspaper the following year. In 1997, Sun Media sold the Financial Post to Hollinger Inc. Hollinger , whose CEO Conrad Black had been seeking a way to establish a national newspaper. Sun Media acquired the Kitchener Waterloo Record , the Guelph Mercury , the Hamilton Spectator and the Cambridge Reporter from Hollinger in exchange, but has since sold all four papers. The Hollinger transaction was finalized in July 1998, and the National Post debuted in October of that year. The Financial Post retains a loyal audience of English business readers in Canada, offering coverage similar to the Report on Business by The Globe and Mail . Though there has been frequent speculation that the Financial Post would be merged into the business sections of the regional newspapers owned by the National Post nowiki nowiki s parent, Postmedia ... newspapers through the Postmedia News Service. The Financial Post publishes several popular editorial features throughout the year, including the annual competition Financial Post s Ten Best Companies ... of the Financial Post from 1987 to 1991. Diane Francis was the paper s last editor prior to the launch of the National Post . External links http www.financialpost.com Financial Post Postmedia Category ... newspaper stub fr Financial Post ... more details
A Financial Guard is the name of some civilian or military police forces responsible for enforcing financial laws such as taxation or customs. It may refer to Guardia di Finanza , an Italian police force under the authority of the Minister of Economy and Finance Financial Guard Romania , a control agency, subordinated to the Romanian Ministry of Economy and Finance Guarda Fiscal , a former Portuguese special military force, under the authority of the Ministry of Finance disambig ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Orphan date February 2009 Financial deepening is a term used often by economic development experts. It refers to the increased provision of financial services with a wider choice of services geared to all levels of society. It also refers to the macro effects of financial deepening on the larger economy. Financial deepening generally means an increased ratio of money supply to GDP or some price index. It refers to liquid money. The more liquid money is available in an economy, the more opportunities exist for continued growth. It can also play an important role in reducing risk and vulnerability for disadvantaged groups, and increasing the ability of individuals and households to access basic services like health and education, thus having a more direct impact on poverty reduction . References reflist cite book last Shaw first Edward title Financial Deepening in Economic Development year 1973 publisher Oxford University Press DEFAULTSORT Financial Deepening Category Economic development ... more details
Finance sidebar In financial economics , a financial institution is an institution that provides financial services for its clients or members. Probably the most important financial service provided by financial institutions is acting as Financial intermediary financial intermediaries . Most financial institutions are Financial regulation regulated by the government . Broadly speaking, there are three major types of financial institutions ref cite book last Siklos first Pierre authorlink coauthors title Money, Banking, and Financial Institutions Canada in the Global Environment publisher McGraw ... investment scheme investment funds . Function Financial institutions provide service as intermediaries of financial markets. They are responsible for transferring funds from investors to companies in need of those funds. Financial institutions facilitate the flow of money through the economy. To do ... in Financial Institutions, which must hold deposit accounts liabilities to fuel the issuance of loans ... of equity the return required by shareholders to make the decision to invest in a financial ... Standing Settlement Instructions SSIs are the agreements between two financial institutions ... Financial regulation Financial institutions in most countries operate in a heavily regulated environment .... Some countries have one consolidated agency that regulates all financial institutions while others ... are the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council FFIEC , Office of the Comptroller of the Currency ... often regulate and charter financial institutions. Countries that have one consolidated financial regulator include United Kingdom with the Financial Services Authority , Norway with the Financial Supervisory ... Bank of Russia . See also List of financial regulatory authorities by country . See also International financial institutions Bank Credit union Financial economics Savings and loan association Consumer Credit Act 1974 UK law Non bank financial institution References reflist External links http www.cfr.org ... more details
Unreferenced date March 2007 Financial Privacy is a blanket term for a multitude of privacy issues Financial Institution s ensuring that their customers information remains private to those outside the institution. Issues include the Patriot Act , and other debates of privacy vs. security. The term is also used to describe the issue of financial institutions selling customer information to other companies so that those companies may use that for marketing , and especially telemarketing purposes. This issue however is mixed with the issue of financial institutions sharing information within themselves, which could be considered sharing information between companies or affiliate sharing since a financial institution is not allowed to be one company for regulatory reasons, but instead must assume a holding company structure. This sense of the word has been the main issue debated in the United ... banking system, to others who support enhancing the power of the government to find financial ... of the telemarketers leads financial institutions selling things like balances and transaction information to telemarketers. Financial services companies, those that offer both banking, insurance ... on by smaller financial institutions who simply focused on one type of product or business. The reason ... company. By putting forth legislation which forbids financial institutions from sharing information with other companies, single product line financial institutions could cripple integrated financial ... had to be operated under separate company affiliates within a holding company. Most financial services companies claim that they never had sold information to non financial services companies. Some critics of financial institutions agreed with this analysis but continued to press for the legislation because they believed that the financial services integrated business model was fundamentally ... to outside telemarketers. See also Bank secrecy Right to Financial Privacy Act Financial cryptography ... more details
Financial secretary is an Administration business administrative and executive government executive government position within the governance of a State polity State , corporation , Private company private or public organization , small group or other body with financial assets. A financial secretary oversees policy concerning the flow of financial resources like money in and out of an organization. The officer sometimes determines policy concerning the purchase or sale of goods and services, collection of dues and employment . The officer implements policy with the cooperation of other executives. Financial Secretary can also be the title of a cabinet member in a number of former and current British dependencies. This is the case in Hong Kong see Financial Secretary Hong Kong , Jamaica, Montserrat, Saint Helena, etc. In the United Kingdom, the Financial Secretary to the Treasury is a junior minister position but the office holder attends the meetings of the cabinet. fact span In some municipal and state government s, a financial secretary is an appointed or elected public official. date April 2011 Bibliography SABINO, Rosimeri F. ROCHA, Fabio G. Secretariado do escriba ao web writer. Rio de Janeiro Brazil Brasport, 2004. Revista Excel ncia. FENASSEC. Trimestral. Brazil. Category Management occupations Category Office and administrative support occupations econ stub sk Finan n tajomn k zh ... more details
Cleanup date April 2008 Unreferenced date April 2008 Financial mismanagement is management that, deliberately or not, is handled in a way that can be characterized as wrong, bad, careless, inefficient or incompetent and that will reflect negatively upon the financial standing of a business or individual. Category Corporate governance Econ stub Business stub ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2008 Orphan date January 2008 Financial gerontology is a study of aging and related financial and business impacts. One of the primary interests is As the lifespan of baby boomer s and their parents lengthening, what would be the right approach for retirement planning . Category Gerontology Category Personal finance finance stub ... more details
Financial betting refers to the wagering on the price development of a financial instrument at some later ... beforehand by being limited to the initial stake. Financial betting instruments are a type of digital ... win. A fee might sometimes be charged for this service. The main difference between financial betting and speculation on financial markets using products such as Spread betting Financial spread betting financial spread betting is that the bet must result in a simple binary win or loss based on an event on the underlying financial instruments. This triggers a fixed payout for a win, while with spread betting the payout or loss varies with the price level of the underlying instrument. Basis in financial theory Odds have to be consistent with the real time pricing of the underlying financial instruments ... the odds for future price movements using mathematical algorithms. Types of financial betting There are three main variations of financial betting. These vary mainly in the way odds are displayed. Fixed odds financial betting Floating odds financial betting Binary betting Fixed and floating odds betting Within financial floating odds the odds change for a given strike price as the price of the underlying ... upon settlement depends on how much is bet at those odds. Within financial fixed odds betting the odds ... both from the event occurring or not occurring. Features A central feature of financial betting is the fixed ... a participant wanting to sell the bet before it expires. A central feature of financial betting is Leverage ... financial betting less capital intensive than trading directly on securities exchanges. Financial betting providers Financial betting is sometimes integrated within gaming companies. There are also specialized financial betting firms, some of which might also provide Spread betting Financial spread betting financial spread betting and or Contract for difference CFDs . As financial spread betting and CFD brokers are regulated by the UK s financial regulator the Financial Services Authority FSA and not gambling ... more details
Infobox Company company name Concentra Financial company logo company type Credit union foundation location Saskatoon , Saskatchewan key people Ken Kosolofski, small President CEO small industry Financial services revenue net income assets num employees 380 homepage http www.concentrafinancial.ca Concentra Financial Concentra Financial , is Canada s only financial retail association, a co operative, providing financial and trust solutions to over 300 Canadian credit unions. Concentra is owned by its members who include credit unions, provincial credit union centrals and other financial co operatives. Concentra Trust is a wholly owned subsidiary of Concentra Financial and provides trust services through credit unions across Canada. Key services fall into the following categories ref http www.concentrafinancial.ca forms 800 802.pdf ref Capital Markets and capital management Concentra Trust Corporate Banking and Leasing Credit, Liquidity, Mortgage and Deposit Services Asset management with total assets of 21 billion CAD under administration Examples of these services include consulting, processing SWIFT fund transfers, foreign currency services, capital management, risk management, loan purchase and syndication, term deposits, etc. References reflist External links http www.concentrafinancial.ca Official site Canadian banks Saskatoon Corporations Category Credit unions of Canada Category Companies based in Saskatoon finance company stub canada company stub ... more details
Financial capitalism is a form of capitalism where the intermediation of savings to investment becomes a dominant function in the economy, with implications for the political process and social evolution. It is different from the term finance capitalism , which derives from Marxism Marxist analysis . The importance of financial intermediaries In financial capitalism, financial intermediaries become large concerns, ranging from banks to investment firms, such that deposit banks attract deposits and lend out money while investment banks obtain funds on the interbank market to relend for investment purposes. Investment firms, by comparison, act on behalf of other concerns, by selling their equities or securities to investors, for investment purposes. ref http econ161.berkeley.edu pdf files Americas Steps.pdf J. Bradford De Long & Carlos D. Ramirez, Understanding America s Hesitant Steps Toward Financial Capitalism , 1996, UC Berkeley ref Social implications The meaning of the term financial capitalism goes beyond the importance of financial intermediation in the modern capitalist economy. It also encompasses the significant influence of the wealth holders on the political process and the aims of economic policy. ref http www.levy.org pubs wp275.pdf Dimitri B. Papadimitriou & L. Randall Wray, Minsky s Analysis of Financial Capitalism, 1999 ref ref http www.theatlantic.com doc 200905 imf advice Simon Johnson, The Quiet Coup , May 2009, The Atlantic. ref ref http mitpress.mit.edu catalog item default.asp?ttype 2&tid 12084 Christian Marazzi, The Violence of Financial Capitalism, 2010 ref See also Finance capitalism Financialization Financial capital References reflist DEFAULTSORT Financial Capitalism Category Economics Category Capitalism ... more details
Personal finance A financial adviser is a professional who helps clients to maintain the desired balance ... . Financial advisers use stock , Bond finance bonds , mutual fund s, real estate investment trust ... the needs of their clients. Many financial advisers receive a Commission remuneration commission payment for the various financial products that they broker, although fee based planning is becoming increasingly popular in the financial services industry. A further distinction should be made between ... or service providers. ref http www.appletreewealthmanagement.com general your financial advisor charges what Apple Tree Wealth Management Your Financial Advisor Charges What??? ref Some investment .... Role The main purpose of a financial adviser is to assist clients in the planning and arrangement of their financial affairs, such as savings, retirement provisions, tax treatment and wills. To ensure ethical practices, financial advisers must understand a client s financial situation as well as their need for financial stability. Finance can be complicated and any adviser has responsibilities ethically ... risk boundaries. Retirement planning One of the major services that financial advisers offer is retirement planning. A financial adviser should have knowledge of budgeting, forecasting, taxation, asset allocation, and financial tools and products to establish realistic goals and the strategy ... , stock s, Bond finance bonds and certificate of deposit CDs . The financial adviser determines what ... age of retirement. This is a fairly straightforward calculation, and many automated tools do this. The financial ... on investment while satisfying the client s risk tolerance. Investing Financial advisers may help their clients invest for both long and short term goals. It is the financial adviser s duty to determine ... There is no difference between a financial adviser and a financial advisor . The terms are interchangeable ... ref Compensation Fee only As defined by the review materials for the Certified Financial Planner exam ... more details
distinguish2 IMG Financial Group of the United States Infobox Company name IGM Financial Inc. logo File IGM Financial Inc. Logo.png thumb IGM Financial Inc. Logo type Public genre foundation founder location city Winnipeg , Manitoba location country Canada location locations area served key people Charles R. Sims & Murray J. Taylor Co President & Co CEOs industry Asset Management products services Investment, Retirement, Estate, and Tax Planning market cap 9.6 billion USD 2008 ref name zenobank revenue operating income net income assets equity owner num employees 4,643 2011 ref name zenobank cite web url http zenobank.com index.php?symbol CA IGM&page quotesearch title Company Profile for IGM Financial Inc CA IGM accessdate 2008 10 08 ref parent divisions subsid homepage http www.igmfinancial.com www.igmfinancial.com footnotes intl aum C 133.5 billion 2011 ref name marketwire IGM Financial Inc. tsx IGM is a Canadian financial services company, with 133.5 billion in total assets under management as at May 31, 2011. ref name marketwire http igmfinancial.com english media 2011 files 0602 may aum e.pdf IGM s financial statement ref Its activities are carried out principally by Investors Group, through a network of approximately 4,600 Consultants, by Mackenzie Financial Corporation through a diversified network of financial advisors, and by Investment Planning Counsel through a network of financial planners. IGM Financial Inc. is a member of the Power Financial Corporation group of companies. The company offers financial planning such as retirement, estate, tax planning, mutual funds and a range of other investment products and financial services. It offers brokerage services through Investors Group Securities Inc. IGSI , full suite of insurance products, mortgages, and banking. As of 2010 IGM was 59.8 owned by Power Financial . ref http www.igmfinancial.com english corporate ... IGM Financial Homepage http www.investorsgroup.com Investors Group Subsidiary http mackenziefinancial.com ... more details
Financial cryptography FC is the use of cryptography in applications in which financial loss could result from subversion of the message system. Cryptographers think of the field as originating in the work of Dr David Chaum who invented the blind signature blinded signature . This special form of a digital signature cryptographic signature permitted a virtual coin to be signed without the signer seeing the actual coin, and permitted a form of digital token money that offered untraceability. This form is sometimes known as Digital Cash . A widely used and previously developed cryptographic mechanism is the Data Encryption Standard , which was used primarily for the protection of electronic funds transfers. However, it was the work of David Chaum that excited the cryptography community about the potential of encrypted messages as actual financial instruments . Financial cryptography includes the mechanisms and algorithms necessary for the protection of financial transfers, in addition to the creation ... of Financial Cryptography. Hashcash is being used to limit spam. Financial cryptography is distinguished ... mechanisms, including blinded token money, were not. Financial cryptography is frequently seen to have a very broad scope of application. Ian Grigg sees financial cryptography in seven layers http iang.org ... engineering , rights, accounting , governance , Value economics value , and financial applications. Business ... so, given that finance and cryptography are each built upon multiple disciplines. Financial cryptography is to some extent organized around the annual meeting of the International Financial Cryptography Association http www.ifca.ai Financial Cryptography , which is held each year in a different location ... key exchange External links http www.ifca.ai International Financial Cryptography Association http fincrypt.blogspot.com Fincrypt weblog https www.financialcryptography.com Financial Cryptography weblog ... Financial cryptography Category Banking technology ca Criptografia financera es Criptograf a financiera ... more details
People working in the finance industry often use Econometrics econometric techniques in a range of activities. For example in support of Investment management portfolio management , risk management and in the analysis of securities. The sort of topics that financial econometricians are typically familiar with include tests of the Random Walk Hypothesis event analysis the Capital Asset Pricing Model Arbitrage Pricing Theory the term structure of interest rates dynamic models of economic equilibrium nonlinear financial models such as ARCH . ref cite book author Wang, Peijie year 2003 title Financial Econometrics Methods and Models publisher Routledge isbn 9780415224550 ref Notes Reflist External links http jfec.oxfordjournals.org Journal of Financial Econometrics Category Econometrics Category Finance econometrics stub pl Ekonometria finansowa ... more details
Unreferenced date August 2009 The diversified financial services segment includes a range of consumer and commercially oriented companies offering a wide variety of products and services, including various lending products such as home equity loan s and credit card s , insurance , and securities and investment product s. Some of these firms were created during the wave of consolidation that has taken place in the financial industry over the past decade. GICS Category Diversified financials is a specific category of the Global Industry Classification Standard . DEFAULTSORT Diversified Financial Category Financial services econ stub ... more details
Power Financial Corporation tsx PWF is a financial holding company. The Power Corporation of Canada holds a majority of the stock in the company. Corporate governance Current members of the board of directors of Power Financial are Andr Desmarais , Paul Desmarais , Paul Desmarais, Jr. , G rald Fr re , Anthony Graham , Robert Gratton , Don Mazankowski , Jerry Nickerson , Michel Plessis B lair , Raymond Royer , Guy St Germain , and Em ke Szathm ry . Directors emeritus of the company are James W. Burns , Michael Pitfield and Killian Collins External links http www.powerfinancial.com index.php?lang eng Power Financial website Power Corp Category Power Corporation of Canada Category Companies based in Montreal Category S&P TSX Composite Index canada company stub ... more details
Financial literacy is the ability to understand finance . More specifically, it refers to the set of skills ... basics Pages what is financial literacy.aspx What is financial literacy? ref Raising interest in personal ... Taking Ownership of the Future The National Strategy for Financial Literacy , US Financial ... financial education and literacy standards through the development of common financial literacy ... for Financial Education , which serves as a clearinghouse for financial education programs, information and research worldwide. In the UK, the alternative term financial capability is used by the state and its agencies the Financial Services Authority FSA in the UK started a national strategy on financial capability in 2003. The US Government also established its Financial Literacy and Education Commission in 2003. ref http cqresearcherblog.blogspot.com 2009 09 financial literacy.html CQ Researcher ... Protection Act Dodd Frank Act , which created the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau CFPB . The CFPB has been tasked, among other mandates, with promoting financial education through its ... findings An international OECD study was published in late 2005 analysing financial literacy surveys .... A British survey found that consumers do not actively seek out financial information. The information ... for retirement. Yet it is encouraging that the few financial education programmes which ..., which allows employees to save and invest for their own retirement when employers offer financial ... money management, financial planning and investment. The top ten of APMEA Women Mastercard s Financial ... http timesofindia.indiatimes.com india Indian women surpass Chinese in financial literacy articleshow 7602651.cms work The Times Of India title Indian women surpass Chinese in financial literacy date March 1, 2011 ref Australia The Australian Government established a National Consumer and Financial Literacy Taskforce in 2004, which recommended the establishment of the Financial Literacy Foundation ... more details
Financial scandal may refer to Corporate scandal Accounting scandals , or corporate accounting scandals, political and business scandals Disclosure of expenses of Members of the United Kingdom Parliament Disambig ... more details
The Financial Gazette is a weekly English language newspaper published in Zimbabwe . The paper, established in 1969, focuses on business , finance , and politics throughout Southern Africa . Headquartered in Harare , the paper also maintains a bureau in Bulawayo . Its slogan is Southern Africa s Leading Business and Financial Newspaper . Although purportedly owned independently by Zimbabwean investors, recent international press reports suggest that the paper is now controlled by the government of Zimbabwe. The Financial Gazette s distribution numbered 40,000 copies weekly in 2000, but surveys have placed readership of the printed edition at ten times that number, or 400,000 weekly. The paper s website attracts over one million hits per month, leading the publisher to claim that The Financial Gazette is Zimbabwe s most widely read newspaper. Operating under the repressive regime of Zimbabwe s President Robert Mugabe , questions have arisen regarding whether The Financial Gazette is truly independent and able to act as a free press. While once verifiably independent, persistent rumors have circulated that Mugabe s government now owns and controls the paper, having acted in 2002 to force a sale of the paper to a governmental intelligence agency. Government sources have refused to either confirm or deny the veracity of these rumours. However as of May 2006 the newspaper continues to publish articles highly critical of the government. See also List of newspapers in Zimbabwe Media of Zimbabwe External links http www.fingaz.co.zw The Financial Gazette Online Edition References http www.fingaz.co.zw The Financial Gazette Online Edition . Retrieved October 10, 2005. Dumisani Muleya August 12, 2005 . http www.mg.co.za articlePage.aspx?articleid 247934&area breaking news breaking ... . See also Zimbabwe Metro Category Newspapers published in Zimbabwe Financial Gazette Category English language newspapers Financial Gazette Category Business newspapers Financial Gazette ... more details
Financial Fragility is the vulnerability of a financial system to a financial crisis . ref cite news url http krugman.blogs.nytimes.com 2011 02 04 another kind of financial fragility work The New York Times first Paul last Krugman title Another Kind of Financial Fragility date 4 February 2011 ref Franklin Allen and Douglas Gale define financial fragility as the degree to which ...small shocks have ... Gale title Financial Fragility, Liquidity, and Asset Prices journal Journal of the European Economic ... Schreft write, In macroeconomics, the term financial fragility is used...to refer to a financial system s susceptibility to large scale financial crises caused by small, routine economic shocks. ref name LSJET cite journal last Lagunoff first Roger coauthors Stacey Schreft title A Model of Financial Fragility journal Journal of Economic Theory year 2001 volume 99 pages 220 264 ref Sources of Financial Fragility Why does the financial system exhibit fragility in the first place? Why do banks choose to take on a capital structure that makes them vulnerable to financial crises? There are two views of financial fragility which correspond to two views on the origins of financial crisis financial crises . According to the fundamental equilibrium or business cycle view, financial crises arise ... be vulnerable to a financial crisis whose onset may be triggered by some random external event, or simply ... Problem, and Financial Crises , Draft 1999, http web.mit.edu krugman www FLOOD.pdf ref Self Fulfilling Crisis Views Diamond Dybvig In the standard Diamond Dybvig model , financial systems are vulnerable to a financial crisis in the form of a bank run due to the inherent nature of banking. Banks serve as financial intermediary intermediaries between depositors and borrowers. Depositors want immediate .... This tension makes the financial system susceptible to a sudden change in Liquidity Preference ..., and Financial Fragility A Theory of Banking journal The Journal of Political Economy year 2001 ... more details
In finance, the financial system is the system that allows the transfer of money between savers and investors and borrowers. ref cite book last Sullivan first Arthur authorlink Arthur O Sullivan coauthors Steven M. Sheffrin title Economics Principles in action publisher Pearson Prentice Hall year 2003 location Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 pages 551 url http www.pearsonschool.com index.cfm?locator PSZ3R9&PMDbSiteId 2781&PMDbSolutionId 6724&PMDbCategoryId &PMDbProgramId 12881&level 4 doi id isbn 0 13 063085 3 ref A financial system can operate on a global, regional or firm specific level. Gurusamy, writing in Financial Services and Systems has described it as comprising a set of complex and closely interconnected financial institutions, markets, instruments, services, practices, and transactions. ref Gurusamy, S. 2008 . http books.google.co.uk books?id nPOSoSoRnycC&pg PA3&dq set of complex and closely interconnected financial institutions, markets, instruments, services, practices, and transactions&hl en v onepage&q&f false Financial Services and Systems 2nd edition, p. 3. Tata McGraw Hill Education. ISBN 0070153353 ref According to Franklin Allen and Douglas Gale in Comparing Financial Systems blockquote Financial systems are crucial to the allocation of resources in a modern economy. They channel household savings to the corporate sector and allocate investment funds among firms they allow intertemporal smoothing of consumption by households and expenditures by firms and they enable households and firms to share risks. These functions are common to the financial systems of most developed economies. Yet the form of these financial systems varies widely. ref cite book last Allen first Franklin authorlink Franklin Allen coauthors Douglas Gale title Comparing Financial ... ref blockquote See also Financial Services Global financial system Finance Banking Accounting records References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Financial System Category Economics terminology Category Financial ... more details
Financial repression is a term used to describe several measures that governments employ to channel funds to themselves, that, in a deregulated market, would go elsewhere. Financial repression can be particularly effective at liquidating government debt debt . The term financial repression was first introduced in 1973 by Stanford economists Edward S. Shaw and Ronald I. McKinnon. ref Shaw, Edward S. Financial ... ref It was used to describe emerging market financial systems in the 1960s 80s. However, the same techniques ... characterise financial repression as consisting of the following key elements Explicit or indirect ... Q . Government ownership or control of domestic banks and financial institutions with simultaneous ... rates liquidates or erodes the real value of government debt. ref name logd Thus, financial repression ..., the repression tax rate or rates are determined by financial regulations and inflation performance ... financial repression tax may be a more politically palatable alternative to authorities faced ..., p. 19 ref Giovannini and de Melo 1993 calculated the size of the financial repression tax for a 24 emerging market country sample from 1974 1987. Their results showed that financial repression exceeded ... of Mexico financial repression was 6 of GDP, or 40 of tax revenue. ref http www.jstor.org stable 2117587 Government Revenue from Financial Repression Giovannini, Alberto and de Melo, Martha, The American ... 2011 IMF publication, financial repression issues come under the broad umbrella of macroprudential ... of an entire financial system . ref http www.imf.org external pubs ft fandd 2011 06 pdf reinhart.pdf Financial Repression Redux Reinhart, Kirkegaard, Sbrancia June 2011 IMF Finance and Development, June ... tax Indirect tax Hidden tax Financial regulation Macroprudential policy Debasement External links http seekingalpha.com article 269022 protecting against financial repression Protecting Against Financial Repression http www.pimco.com EN Insights Pages The Caine Mutiny Part 2.aspx The Caine Mutiny ... more details
Infobox company company name Ameriprise Financial, Inc. company logo File Ameriprise Logo.JPG 250px company ... area served industry Financial services products Investments revenue profit United States Dollar US 10.2 billion small FY 2011 small ref name 2011IncomeStatmenent wikinvest stock Ameriprise Financial, Inc. AMP Data Income Statement Income Statement Ameriprise Financial, Inc. AMP annual SEC income ... 2011 small ref name 2011BalanceSheet wikinvest stock Ameriprise Financial, Inc. AMP Data Balance Sheet Balance Sheet Ameriprise Financial, Inc. AMP annual SEC balance sheet filing via Wikinvest. ref equity ... Financial, Inc. nyse AMP is one of the leading diversified financial services companies in the U.S. ... CNN title Fortune 500 2011 Industry Diversified Financials ref Ameriprise Financial engages in business through its subsidiaries who provide a wide range of financial planning, products and services ... , Annuity US financial products annuities and estate planning . Ameriprise Financial, Inc ... s primary subsidiaries include Ameriprise Financial Services, Inc. , Columbia Management Investment ... Financial s international asset manager and an award winning provider of investment solutions ... India Private Limited , offers holistic financial planning services to upwardly mobile Indian consumers ... title Ameriprise Financial Launches Financial Planning Services in India ref History Spin off from American Express Ameriprise Financial is the successor to American Express Financial ... spun off AEFC as an independent company. AEFC s new name, Ameriprise Financial, Inc. came into effect ... Financial began life as Investors Syndicate in 1894. Here are a few of the company s key milestones ... acquisition of IDS Financial Services from Alleghany Corporation company renamed as American Express Financial Corporation AEFC 1986 IDS acquires Wisconsin Employers Casualty Company of Green Bay and renames ... business under the American Express brand 2003 American Express Financial Corporation acquires ... more details
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