Abiathar ben Elijah ha Cohen c. 1040 1109 , was the last Palestinian Gaonate Palestinian Gaon . He succeeded his father Rabbi Elijah to the gaonate in 1083. ref name WerblowskyWigoder1986 cite book author1 R. J. Zwi Werblowsky author2 Geoffrey Wigoder title The encyclopedia of the Jewish religion url http books.google.com books?id gGt AAAAMAAJ accessdate 22 August 2011 year 1986 publisher Adama Books page 3 ref He was deposed for a period following a violent quarrel with the Egyptian exilarch David ben Daniel who aspired to dominate Palestinian Jewry. ref name RothWigoder1970 cite book author1 Cecil Roth author2 Geoffrey Wigoder title The New standard Jewish encyclopedia url http books.google.com books?id 6rZtAAAAMAAJ accessdate 22 August 2011 year 1970 publisher Doubleday page 7 ref After having fled to Syria in 1093, he later returned to his position following the fall of David ben Daniel. An account of these events was discovered in the Cairo genizah . ref name WerblowskyWigoder1986 References Reflist start box s rel jw succession box before Elijah ben Solomon ha Cohen title Palestinian Gaonate Gaon of Palestine br Abiathar ben Elijah ha Cohen years 1083&ndash 1109 after Defunct end box Category Geonim ... more details
Massekhet Azilut Hebrew is an anonymous kabalistic work from the early 14th century, the earliest literary product of the speculative Kabbala which contains the doctrine of the four graduated worlds a doctrine not contained in the Zohar as well as that of the concentration of the Divine Being. The Messekhet Atzilut opens with the following passage quotation Eliyahu opened, it is written, The secret of God is for those who fear Him . Psalms 25 14 This verse refers to the idea that even if a Jew learns Mishnah , Gemara and yet has no awe for naught does he splash in the great waters of Kabbala , he toils entirely for nothing. Every one who fears God should actively pursue the hidden aspects of Torah , which are the essence of wisdom and knowledge, God s glory is a hidden thing . Book of Proverbs Proverbs 25 2 When will you make glory for God? When you are occupied in the hidden aspects of Torah. Dating Eras of the Halakha The form in which the rudiments of the Kabala are presented here, as well as the emphasis laid on keeping the doctrine secret and on the compulsory piety of the learners, is evidence of the early date of the work. At the time when Masseket A ilut was written the Kabala had not yet become a subject of general study, but was still confined to a few of the elect. The treatment is on the whole the same as that found in the mystical writings of the time of the Geonim , with which the work has much in common hence, according to the Jewish Encyclopedia 1901 there is no reason for not regarding it as a product of that time. In contrast, Gershom Scholem considered it a 14th century work. Fact date February 2007 The doctrines of Me a ron , and of angelology especially, are identical with those of the Geonim, and the idea of the Sefirot is presented so simply and unphilosophically that one is hardly justified in assuming that it was influenced directly by any philosophical system. The book places the Archangel Metatron and the angels centered around ... more details
Aaron ibn Sargado or Aaron ben R. Joseph ha Kohen Hebrew ref http www.jewishencyclopedia.com view.jsp?artid 174&letter A AARON IBN SAGADO , jewishencyclopedia.com Article ref was a tenth century AD Gaon Hebrew gaon Jewish religious leader in Pumbedita , Babylonia. He was a son of Joseph ha Kohen. According to the chronicle of Sherira , Sargado was gaon from 943 to 960 others declare he died in 942. He was successor to the gaon Hananiah , the father of Sherira. Not of a family of scholars, but an extremely wealthy merchant, he was elevated to the gaonate presidency of a rabbinical academy through the influence of his family. Caleb ibn Sargado, the determined opponent of Saadia, who spent 60,000 Zuz Jewish coin zuzim in order to bring about the deposition of the gaon of Sura , was probably identical with Aaron, as Harkavy has shown see Seder Olam Zu a in Anecdota Oxoniensia, ii. 83 . Four of Sargado s legal decisions on religious problems are preserved, and are printed in the collection, emdah Genuza, Nos. 37 40. One of these, it appears, was the answer to an inquiry from Kairouan . Like his opponent Saadia Gaon Saadia , Aaron was a Bible commentator, and parts of his commentary are extant in St. Petersburg. Abraham ibn Ezra quotes some of his philosophical sayings. References Reflist Joel M ller, Maftea , 1891, p. 177 Adolf Neubauer , Medi val Jewish Chronicles i. 66, 92, 190 Zunz , in Geiger s J d. Zeit. iv. 389 Winter and W nsche, J dische Literatur, ii. 247 Geiger, J d. Zeit. i. 297. External links http www.jewishencyclopedia.com view.jsp?artid 92&letter A Source JewishEncyclopedia Geonim he Persondata name Aaron ibn Sargado alternative names short description tenth century AD gaon Jewish religious leader in Pumbedita, Babylonia date of birth place of birth date of death place of death DEFAULTSORT Aaron ibn Sargado Category 10th century deaths Category 10th century rabbis Category Bible commentators Category Ge ... more details
. Often questions were settled by a single letter, as was later the case with the Geonim, who .... 48b , the same experience befalling Mar Ukba Talmud, Sanhedrin 29a . Geonim main Geonim During the Geonim Geonic period 650 1250 CE , the Babylon ian schools were the chief centers of Jewish learning the Geonim, the heads of these schools, were recognized as the highest authorities in Halakha ... Geonim. Characteristics Geonic responsa are written in three languages, Hebrew language Hebrew ..., to the fact that the rulings of the Geonim were sent to distant lands, where the inhabitants ... to the Geonim in that tongue, whereupon the scholars of the academies used the same language in reply ... in 1516 under the title Halakot Pesukot min ha Geonim Brief Rulings of the Geonim , and in 1575 another corpus, entitled She elot u Teshubot me ha Geonim, was published in the same city. At Salonica ... with the correct explanation of passages of the Talmud. Earlier Geonim In the days of the earliest geonim the majority of the questions asked them were sent only from Babylonia and the neighboring ... in Geonim The Kallah the Kallah months to hear Talmudic explanations by leading scholars ... objection. Later Geonim More discursive were the responsa of the later geonim after the first half ... of these inquiries. The later geonim did not restrict themselves to the Mishnah and Talmud, but used ... as authoritative. These responsa of the later geonim were often essays on Talmudic themes, and since ... of the Geonim, which, for the most part, contained replies to many problems, assumed a definite ... and with his approval. Rishonim main Rishonim With the decline of the Geonim Role in Jewish life ... more details
to the middle of the 9th century, information about the geonim of Palestine is listed in Seder Olam Zuta which links all the geonim to Mar Zutra and thereby to the Davidic line . But fragments found ... academy, and bore the title of gaon. A work of one of these geonim of Palestine, the Megillat ... References reflist Use dmy dates date July 2011 Category Geonim Category Jews in the Land ... more details
For the Amora sage, also an Exilarch , see Mar Ukva . For the Amora sage of the 3d generation, also an Exilarch , see Mar Ukban III exilarch also known as Ukban ben Nehemiah or Nathan de Zuzita . Eras of the Halakha Mar Ukba , an exilarch at Baghdad in the first half of the tenth century the second exilarch to die in banishment. When Kohen ede II was appointed Gaon Hebrew gaon of Pumbedita he became involved in a controversy with Mar U ba over the revenues from greater Khorasan Khorasan and the caliph calif Al Mu tadir 908 932 was induced by ede s friends to depose Mar U ba. Soon afterward 917 the latter left Baghdad for Karmisin Kermanshah , but when the young calif went for the summer to his palace at Safran place Safran , Mar U ba devised a scheme to win the royal favor by meeting Al Mu tadir s secretary daily in his gardens and greeting him with the recitation of beautiful verses. These pleased the calif s secretary so much that he wrote them down and showed them to his master, who in his turn was so delighted that he sent for Mar U ba, entered into conversation with him, and asked him to express a wish, whereupon the gaon requested that he might be reinstated. The calif granted this wish, and Mar U ba soon returned to Baghdad as exilarch. Kohen ede and his friends, however, again succeeded in securing his deposition and banishment from the country, whereupon he went to Africa , and was received with high honors at Kairwan as a descendant of the royal house. A sort of throne bimah was built for him in the synagogue, near the Ark of the Law, and he was always the third to read the parashah, the Torah scroll of the Law being brought to him in his seat. Bibliography A. Neubauer , M. J. C. ii.78 79 H. Gr tz , Gesch. v.246 248, note 12 Halevi, Dorot ha Rishonim, iii.25 et seq. I.H. Weiss , Dor, iv.134 et seq. References JewishEncyclopedia Category Geonim Category Exilarchs Category 10th century rabbis ... more details
Samuel Shullam was a Jew ish physician and historian who flourished in the second half of the 16th century. He was of Sephardi Jews Spanish descent, and after an adventurous life went to Constantinople , where he was supported by Kiera Esther , who stood high in favor at the court of the sultan. At her expense he published, but with many omissions, Abraham Zacuto s Yu asin Constantinople, 1566 , to which he added the Arabic language Arabic chronology of the dynasties by the Syriac language Syriac historian Gregory Bar Hebraeus , supplemented by a Turkish language Turkish history, his own work. He published also a Hebrew translation of Josephus Contra Apionem the Letter of Sherira Gaon the account of Nathan ben Isaac Ha Babli Nathan the Babylonian of the last geonim Shullam omitted Abraham Zacuto Zacuto s report upon the Alhambra Decree expulsion of the Jews from Spain , because he himself intended to write a full history of the persecutions, a task that was accomplished by his contemporary Joseph ha Kohen in his Eme ha Baka. Jewish Encyclopedia bibliography Heinrich Graetz Gr tz, Gesch. 2d ed., ix. 403 404 Isaac Hirsch Weiss Weiss, Dor , v. 93 94. External links http www.jewishencyclopedia.com view.jsp?artid 667&letter S&search Samuel 20Shullam Jewish Encyclopedia article on Samuel Shullam , by Gotthard Deutsch and S. Mannheimer . JewishEncyclopedia Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Shullam, Samuel ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Shullam, Samuel Category 16th century Spanish people Category 16th century Ottoman people Category Spanish Jews Category Medieval Jewish physicians of the Ottoman Empire Judaism bio stub ... more details
Daniel ben Azariah 11th century was the Gaon Hebrew gaon of the Land of Israel from 1051 till 1062. Descended from a Babylonian exilarch family, he was a scion of the Davidic line House of David and was elected to head the Talmudic Academies in the Land of Israel Palestinian Academy in Jerusalem . ref name EJ Encyclopaedia Judaica , 1972. Vol. 5, pg. 1291. ref The Ben Ezra Synagogue of the Palestinian Jews in Fostat was named in his honour Synagogue of our Lord Daniel, the Light of Israel, the Great Prince and Head of the Academy of the Majesty of Jacob. ref name EJ His nomination to the gaonate was not without controversy as it prevailed over the selection of one of the sons of an earlier gaon, Solomon ben Joseph ha Kohen who had held office from 1020 1027. In 1062 Daniel died after a long and serious illness which he himself is said to have seen as a punishment for his ill treatment of his predecessor s family. ref http www.jewishencyclopedia.com view.jsp?artid 68&letter G ixzz1KObrZHO5 Jewish Encyclopedia Gaon ref His son, David ben Daniel , was too young to assume his father s position and Elijah, son of Solomon ben Joseph and former av beth din , became gaon until 1083. David ben Daniel was subsequently involved in a succession dispute regarding the gaonate. ref name EJ References Reflist start box s rel jw succession box before Solomon ben Judah title Palestinian Gaonate Gaon of Palestine br Daniel ben Azariah years 1051&ndash 1062 after Elijah ben Solomon ha Kohen end box Category 11th century rabbis Category Rabbis in Jerusalem Category Geonim ... more details
Please do not remove or change this AfD message until the issue is settled Article for deletion dated page Achiyahu HaKohain timestamp 20120416102222 year 2012 month April day 16 substed yes For administrator use only Old AfD multi page Achiyahu HaKohain date 16 April 2012 result keep End of AfD message, feel free to edit beyond this point Multiple issues orphan March 2012 confusing February 2012 context February 2012 notability Biographies date February 2012 Akhiyahu HaKohen member of the priestly divisions Ma azya division , listed among the Oral Torah mesorah persona of ref , Encyclopedia of the Sages of the Land of Israel Mossad Harav Kook, Jerusalem, Yaakov Gliss , vol. 1 p. 95 Jerusalem 5735 HC ref Tiberias in being instrumental in the investigative and dissemination of proper dikduk grammar and taamim cantillation marks of the Hebrew language Torah text. Akhiyahu HaKohen is listed in a genizah fragment of geonim era. ref Hagdolim Otzar vol. 1 p. 62 www.hebrewbooks.org . . . . , . . ref Akhiyahu HaKohen is quoted by Eli ben Yehudah ha Nazir fl. Tiberias, 910s regarding his opinion of the dagesh pronunciation of the hebrew letter resh as articulated by the mesorah masters of Tiberias. cn date April 2012 He is likewise referenced extensively in the Hebrew grammar book Binyan Shlomo Hebrew of Shlomo HaKohen Vilna Shlomo HaKohen of Vilna . cn date April 2012 References references Persondata NAME Hakohen, Akhiyahu ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Hakohen, Akhiyahu Category 774 births Category 824 deaths Category Kohanim authors of Rabbinic literature Judaism bio stub ... more details
R Nissim ben Yaakov z l , torah.org Geonim Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata ... Category 11th century rabbis Category People from Kairouan Category Tunisian rabbis Category Geonim ... more details
For the Amora sage of the 1st generation, also an Exilarch , see Mar Ukva . For the Geonim sage, also an Exilarch , see Mar Ukba . Nathan de Zuzita , Jewish Amora sage of the 3d generation, whom according to Joseph ben ama Shab. 56b , is to be identified with the exilarch U ban ben Nehemiah, Joseph s contemporary first half of the 4th century , who was a contrite sinner. The Seder Olam Zu a , too, in the list of the exilarchs ref Recension A. Neubauer , M. J. C. ii. 71. ref , mentions an exilarch called Nathan U ban Nathan de u ita . Rashi gives two explanations for the surname u ita, which means literally either sparks or hair ref Compare Ezek. viii. 3. ref . Rashi explains that in touching the angel who received his repentance Nathan U ban either emitted sparks, or the angel took him by the hair. In Sanh. 31b Rashi explains the nature of Nathan s sin and says that after Nathan s repentance a radiance was seen about his head hence the name de u ita. According to the geonim ema and Saadia , Nathan U ban, when he was young, was wont to curl his hair, his surname de u ita being derived from that habit. Another interpretation is that fire would flash out from his i it, so that nobody could stand near him. As to the nature of Nathan U ban s sins and repentance see Rashi to Sanh. l.c. Rabbi A ai of Shab a , in his She eltot sections Wa era and Ki Tissa , tells almost the same story as Rashi, of a man who was called Nathan de u ita, but without mentioning either that he was likewise called U ban or that he was an exilarch. Further, this story is related by Nissim ben Jacob in his Ma aseh Nissim, at great length, Nathan being placed in the time of Akiba that is, not later than the first third of the 2nd century. It may therefore be assumed either that there were two Nathan de u itas, the second being identical with the exilarch U ban b. Nehemiah, or that Joseph b. ama must be understood as comparing U ban, in his repentance, to Nathan de u ita, who was much earlier ... more details
work of Amram, which marks him as one of the most prominent of the geonim before Saadia, is his ..., Paltoi, Zadok, and Moses, geonim before Amram once each Cohen Tzedek twice , Nahshon and Tzemach ... of the halakha halachic codes, which themselves often reflect the opinions of the Geonim ... BEN SHESHNA , jewishencyclopedia.com Article Geonim 1911 article Amram url http en.wikisource.org ... Geonim Category 875 deaths Category 9th century rabbis Category Rabbis of Academy of Sura de Amram ben ... more details
of the Amora sages and up till the end of the era of the Geonim . The Yeshiva Academy was founded ... R. Ashi Tabyomi Rabbah Tosafa ah Ravina II Savoraim Savora era Rav Ena Geonim era ref name List Names ... 5&title GAON Synchronistic List of the Geonim of Sura and Pumbedita ref ref name Moshe Gil Two The list ... List of the Geonim of Sura and Pumbedita http books.google.com books?id 8vTTCwG0nKIC&pg PA404 ... Gaon Moses, ha Kohen 820 830 font face Georgia Two years of an absence of a Geonim Gaon font 843 844 ... Nahara Academy Talmudic Academies in the Land of Israel References reflist Geonim Category Talmudic ... more details
Eras of the Halakha The Talmudic Academies in Babylonia , also known as the Geonim Geonic Academies, were the center for Jewish scholarship and the development of Jewish law in Mesopotamia from roughly 589 CE to 1038 CE Hebrew calendar Hebrew dates 4349 AM to 4798 AM . The key work of these academies was the compilation of the Talmud Babylonian Talmud , started by Rav Ashi and Ravina II Ravina , two leaders of the Babylonian Jewish community, around the year 550. Editorial work by the Savoraim or Rabbanan Savoraei post Talmudic rabbis , continued on this text for the next 250 years much of the text did not reach its final form until around 700. Ref See Halakha Eras of history important in Jewish law Eras within Jewish law . ref The two most famous academies were located at Sura city Sura and Pumbedita the Sura Academy was originally dominant, but its authority waned towards the end of the Geonic period and the Pumbedita academy s Gaonate gained ascendancy. ref cf. Louis Ginzberg in Geonica . ref Major yeshivot were also located at Nehardea and Mahuza . For the Jews of late antiquity and the early Middle Ages , the yeshivot of Babylonia served much the same function as the ancient Sanhedrin , as a council of Jewish religious authorities. The academies were founded in pre Islamic Babylonia under the Zoroastrian Sassanids Sassanid dynasty and were located not far from the Sassanid ... of the Geonim covers a period of nearly 450 years. The Geonim ref also Gaonim , Geonim is the plural ... at Sura and Pumbedita thus we have the time of the Geonim and that of the Saboraim . The Saboraim ..., Sherira and his son Hai Gaon died 1038 , terminated in most glorious fashion the age of the Geonim ... . The Geonim The Kallah kallah general assembly was a characteristic feature of Babylonian Judaism ... only to the period of the Geonim but much of it extends as far back as the time of the Amoraim ... Academy References JewishEncyclopedia Reflist Category Geonim Category Talmudic Academies in Babylonia ... more details
JewishEncyclopedia Geonim Persondata NAME Gaon, Achai ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION Scholar DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH Category Geonim Category 8th century rabbis ... more details
div style text align center timeline ImageSize width 590 height 120 PlotArea width 570 height 25 left 5 bottom 60 TimeAxis orientation horizontal DateFormat yyyy Period from 250 till 2000 AlignBars early ScaleMajor unit year increment 200 start 200 ScaleMinor unit year increment 50 start 200 Colors id turkiz value rgb 0,0.76,0.76 id treaty value rgb 0.6,0.8,0.6 id lightgrey value rgb 0.6,0.8,0.4 id darkgrey value rgb 0.6,0.8,0 id Celadon value rgb 0.67,1,0.68 id TeaGreen value rgb 0.81,0.94,0.75 Define hx 15 shift text to right side of bar PlotData bar Leaders color blue width 20 align left fontsize s from 250 till 0 color treaty shift 10, hx text Zugot from 0 till 220 color turkiz shift 15, hx text Tannaim from 220 till 500 color TeaGreen shift 20, hx text Amoraim from 500 till 625 color darkgrey shift 20, hx text Savoraim from 625 till 1050 color turkiz shift 15, hx text Geonim from 1050 till 1500 color TeaGreen shift 20, hx text Rishonim from 1500 till 2000 color treaty shift 20, hx text Acharonim LineData layer front all lines in front of bars unless stated otherwise from 500 till 625 atpos 65 color red width 2 Legend columns 4 left 125 top 25 columnwidth 150 Colors id aaa value red legend Era of the Savora im timeline div Eras of the Halakha A Savora Aramaic language Aramaic , a reasoner , plural Savora im , Sabora im , is a term used in Jewish law and history to signify one among the leading rabbis living from the end of period of the Amoraim around 500 CE to the beginning of the Geonim around 700 CE . As a group they are also referred to as the Rabbeinu Sevorai or Rabanan Saborai , and may have played a large role in giving the Talmud its current structure. Modern scholars also use the plural term Stammaim Hebrew closed, vague or unattributed sources for the authors of unattributed statements in the Gemara . Role in form of the Talmud Much of classical rabbinic literature generally holds that the Babylonian Talmud was redacted into more or less ... more details
especially the period of the Geonim and Rishonim the literature of the aggadah , Jewish law ... as Abhandlungen Zur Erinnerung an Hirsch Perez Chajes Mehkarim be sifrut ha Geonim Research in the Literature ... more details
unreferenced date December 2007 Rabbinical Literature The minor tractates Hebrew , masechtot qetanot are essays from the Tannaim Tannaitic period or later dealing with topics about which no formal tractate exists in the Mishnah . They may thus be contrasted to the Tosefta , whose tractates parallel those of the Mishnah . The first eight or so contain much original material the last seven or so are collections of material scattered throughout the Talmud. According to Rabbi Chaim Kanievsky , the Minor Tractates date from the period of the Geonim . The Minor Tractates are normally printed at the end of Nezikin Seder Nezikin in the Talmud . They include Avot of Rabbi Natan Hebrew . The Solomon Schechter Schechter edition contains two different versions version A has 41 chapters and version B has 48 . Soferim Talmud Soferim Hebrew Scribes . This tractate appears in two different versions in the Jerusalem and Babylonian Talmuds. Evel Rabbati Hebrew Elaboration on Mourning . This tractate is about laws and customs pertaining to death and mourning, and is sometimes euphemistically called Semahot joys . Kallah Hebrew Bride on engagement, marriage and co habitation . Kallah Rabbati Hebrew an elaboration of the above . Derekh Eretz Rabbah Hebrew Derekh Eretz literally means the way of the world, which in this context refers to deportment, manners and behavior. Derekh Eretz Zuta Hebrew Addressed to scholars, this is a collection of maxims urging self examination and modesty. Pereq ha Shalom Hebrew Chapter of Peace on the ways of peace between people a final chapter to the above often listed separately . Sefer Torah regulations for writing Torah scroll s . Mezuzah Hebrew scroll affixed to the doorpost . Tefillin Hebrew phylacteries . Tzitzit Hebrew fringes . Avadim Hebrew slaves . Gerim Hebrew Ger Tzedek conversion to Judaism . Kutim Hebrew Samaritans . T ... more details
Joel ben Samuel Sirkis also known as the Bach an abbreviation of his magnum opus, Bayit Chadash was a prominent Jewish posek and Halakha halakhist . He lived in central Europe and held rabbinical positions in Belz , Brest Litovsk and Krak w from 1561 1640. Biography Sirkis was born in Lublin in 1561. At age fourteen he went to the yeshiva of Solomon ben Judah . After remaining there some time he went to Brest Litovsk , where he attended the yeshiva of Rabbi Phoebus . While still a youth he was invited to the rabbinate of Pruzhany , near Slonim . Later he occupied the rabbinates of Lubkow , Lublin , Medzhybizh Medzyboz , Belz , Szydlowka , and finally Brest Litovsk and Krak w , succeeding in each of the two last mentioned places his teacher R. Phoebus. The Bach was an adherent of the Kabbalah and an opponent of pilpul . He was also critical of those who relied solely on the Shulchan Aruch for halachic decisions, rather than on the Talmud and the Geonim . He was the father in law of Rabbi David HaLevi Segal , who frequently refers to him in Turei Zahav , his Shulchan Aruch Major Commentaries commentary on the Shulchan Aruch . Rabbi Sirkis died in Krak w in 1640. Works Bayit Chadash New House , a reference to Deuteronomy 22 8, abbreviated as Bach , Rabbi Sirkis s best known work, is a major Close reading commentary on the Arba ah Turim of Jacob ben Asher . The work presents and elucidates the fundamental principles of the Torah as recorded in the Mishnah , the Talmud Babylonian and Jerusalem Talmud s, and the Halakha Codes of Jewish law chief codes . Hagahot haBach Gloss es of the Bach suggestions for textual emendations in the Talmud and Rashi , copied from the notes that the author added to his copy of the Talmud. The Bach s notes are marked in the text as a letter in Rashi script within parentheses. Meshiv Nefesh , a commentary on the Book of Ruth , Lublin, 1616 needs clarification Rosh , first published, from a manuscript, in the Warsaw ... more details
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