The Commonwealth Land Party of the United States was created in 1924 from the Single Tax Party. It was based on the principles of Henry George . ref cite news author coauthors title Single Tax url http www.time.com time magazine article 0,9171,717727,00.html ixzz0hSUEXdy7 quote A National Convention of the great Presidential year of 1924 was held in Manhattan. Before the Convention, the name of the Party was the Single Tax Party. After the Convention it was the Commonwealth Land Party. But the change was only a change of name. work Time magazine date February 18, 1924 accessdate 2010 03 07 ref Presidential tickets 1920 President Robert C. MacCauley Vice president Carrie Chapman Catt 1924 President William J. Wallace Vice president John C. Lincoln ref http www.cooperativeindividualism.org georgists unitedstates co cz.html ref See also Georgism References reflist External links http www.cooperativeindividualism.org commonwealth land party platform 1924.html Party platform, 1924 USParty Category Political parties in the United States Category Georgist parties ... more details
notability Biographies date June 2011 unreferenced date June 2011 John Beverley Robinson 1853 1923 , was an American anarchist author, publisher, translator, and architect. He was for a time publisher of the Free Soiler the newsletter of the Georgism Georgist American Free Soil Society. Today he is most identified with the Individualist anarchism individualist Egoist anarchism egoist wing of American anarchism though he also had incarnations as a Tolstoyan nonresistance non resistant and as a Georgist , and was associated with Benjamin Tucker s Liberty 1881 1908 Liberty . Works http theanarchistlibrary.org HTML John Beverley Robinson Egoism.html Egoism by J.B. Robinson The Economics of Liberty 1916 Rebuilding the World An outline of the principles of anarchism 1917 http fair use.org p j proudhon general idea of the revolution The General Idea of the Revolution in the Nineteenth Century by P.J. Proudhon, translated by J.B. Robinson Sources Martin, J.J. Men Against the State the expositors of individualist anarchism in America, 1827 1908 1970 Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Robinson, John Beverly ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1853 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 1923 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Robinson, John Beverly Category Egoist anarchists Category 1853 births Category 1923 deaths Category Individualist anarchists anarchist stub US poli bio stub ... more details
socialists to point to land acquisition as illegitimate without compensation. In geoism Georgism ... available to others. See also Georgism Geolibertarianism References Locke, John ed. Richard Cox ... more details
database CAB Abstracts See also Georgism References reflist External links Official 1 http www.blackwellpublishing.com ... Economics journals Category English language journals Category Georgism Category Publications ... more details
Citizen s dividend or citizen s income is a proposed state policy based upon the principle that the natural world is the common property of all persons see Georgism . It is proposed that all citizens receive regular payments dividend s from revenue raised by the state through leasing or selling natural resource s for private use. In the United States , the idea can be traced back to Thomas Paine s essay, Agrarian Justice , ref http www.thomaspaine.org Archives agjst.html Agrarian Justice, Thomas Paine ref which is also considered one of the earliest proposals for a social security system in the United States. Thomas Paine summarized his view by stating that Men did not make the earth. It is the value of the improvements only, and not the earth itself, that is individual property. Every proprietor owes to the community a ground rent for the land which he holds. This concept is a form of basic income , where the Citizen s Dividend depends upon the value of natural resources or what could be titled as The commons common goods like seignorage , the electro magnetic spectrum, the industrial use of air CO math 2 math production , etc. The State of Alaska dispenses a form of citizen s dividend in its Alaska Permanent Fund Permanent Fund Dividend , which holds investments initially seeded by the state s revenue from mineral resources, particularly petroleum . In 2005, every eligible Alaskan resident including their children received a check for 845.76. Over the 24 year history of the fund, it has paid out a total of 24,775.45 to every resident. Citation needed date July 2010 See also Asset based egalitarianism basic capital Basic income Land value tax Prosperity Bonus Social dividend Endnotes Reflist 2 References A Citizens Income. Clive Lord. John Carpenter, 2003. ISBN 1 897766 87 4. External links http www.pfd.state.ak.us Alaska Permanent Fund Dividend http www.progress.org dividend Progress.org Citizen s Dividend http www.wealthandwant.com themes Citizen Dividends.html W ... more details
Infobox Political Party party name Justice Party of Denmark party logo image logo name here Party logo colorcode orange leader Poul Gerhard Kristiansen foundation 1919 headquarters Lyngbyvej 42 br 2100 Copenhagen K benhavn ideology Georgism , Euroscepticism international None website http www.retsforbundet.dk Image Retsforbundet.jpg thumb right Vejen Frem from 1945 Danmarks Retsforbund in English known as the Justice Party or Single Tax Party was founded in 1919. The party s platform is based upon the principles of U.S. economist Henry George who advocated a single tax on all land. The party was elected to parliament for the first time in 1926, and they were moderately successful in the post war period and managed to join a governing coalition with the Social Democrats and the Det Radikale Venstre Social Liberal Party from the years 1957 60. In 1960 they dropped out of the parliament. However in the 1973 Danish parliamentary election the so called Landslide Election the party won 5 seats in Folketinget , because of their opposition against Danish membership of the European Economic Community . They were represented until 1981 and also in the European Parliament 1978 79 by Ib Christensen . The 1970s were followed by a dropoff of party support, and the party ceased to run at a national level in 1990, but in Danish parliamentary election, 2005 2005 the party ran together with Minoritetspartiet the Minority Party this wasn t with any success since the Minority Party only achieved 0.3 of the votes. External links http www.retsforbundet.dk politik english.htm Party website Category Political parties in Denmark Category Political parties established in 1919 Category Georgist parties Category 1919 establishments in Denmark Denmark party stub ca Danmarks Retsforbund da Danmarks Retsforbund no Danmarks Retsforbund nn Danmarks Retsforbund sv Retsforbundet ... more details
The Single Tax League was an List of political parties in Australia Australian political party that flourished throughout the 1920s and 30s. Based upon the ideas of Henry George , who argued that all taxes should be abolished, save for a single tax on unimproved land values, the Single Tax League was founded shortly after World War I, and a newspaper, the People s Advocate was published. The League had pockets of support throughout Australia but none more than on the west coast of South Australia , whose farmers and graziers saw merit in Georgism single tax theory . The League s sole parliamentary representative was Edward Craigie , who was elected to the South Australian House of Assembly Electoral district of Flinders covering the League s west coast power base in 1930. The onset of the Great Depression in 1929 had led people to seek radical solutions and the manifesto of the League seemed as likely to solve their woes as any government devised plan. Craigie worked tirelessly to have a single tax system instituted in South Australia but faced stiff opposition from the conservative Liberal Federation and their successors, the Liberal and Country League , which despised the idea of a single tax, and the Australian Labor Party , which was opposed to the League s free trade stance. Craigie was re elected at the 1933 and 1938 South Australian elections before being defeated at the 1941 election, when the ideas of the Single Tax League already seemed an anachronism to most people. The League did not field any further candidates and drifted into obscurity. References Plague on Both Your Houses Minor Parties in Australia , D. Jaensch & D. Mathieson, Allen & Unwin, Sydney 1999 . ISBN 1 86448 421 7 Barnacles and Parasites , R. Jennings, Nesfield Press, Adelaide 1992 . ISBN 0 9599230 4 7 Category Defunct political parties in Australia Category Georgist parties ... more details
The Henry George Theorem , named for 19th century U.S. political economist and activist Henry George , states that under certain ideal conditions, aggregate spending by government will be equal to aggregate rent based on land value Land economics land Economic rent rent . Although these conditions never obtain in reality, actual conditions are often close enough to the theoretical ideals that the great majority of government spending does indeed appear as increased land value. This general relationship, first noted by the French physiocrat s in the 18th century, is one basis for advocating the collection of a rent tax based on land values to help defray the public expenditures which created the land values in the first place. Henry George popularized this method of raising public revenue in his works, especially in the international bestseller, Progress and Poverty 1879 . More recent economists have discussed whether the theorem provides a practical guide for optimal population size of political entities. Mathematical treatments of the theorem suggest that an entity obtains optimal population when the opposing marginal cost s and marginal benefit s of additional residents are balanced. See also Geolibertarianism Georgism Value capture External links cite web url http inord.laurentian.ca 6 02 Henry George.htm title A Rule Called George Fixing the Property Tax System author David Robinson publisher The Institute for Northern Ontario Research and Development date 2002 06 07 accessdate 2007 11 03 cite web url http books.google.com books?id 7kwq4U hjVUC&pg PA140&dq 22Henry George Theorem 22&sig hnbrUKGVFrWposIj1CDSiBURTR8 PPA140,M1 title Economics of Agglomeration Cities, Industrial Location, and Regional Growth, p.140 author Masahisa Fujita and Jacques Fran ois Thisse publisher Cambridge University Press date 2002 accessdate 2007 11 04 ISBN 9780521805247 cite web url http findarticles.com p articles mi m0254 is 5 63 ai n8642234 title Does the Henry George Theorem provid ... more details
BLP sources date December 2008 Mason Gaffney born 18 October 1923 is an USA American economist and a major critic of Neoclassical economics from a Georgism Georgist point of view. ref cite web url http homepage.ntlworld.com janusg coe cofe00.htm title Neo classical Economics as a Strategem against Henry George ref He earned his B.A. in 1948 from Reed College in Portland, Oregon. ref http economics.ucr.edu gaffney.html UC Riverside, Department of Economics ref Gaffney first read Henry George s masterwork Progress and Poverty as a high school junior. After serving in the Pacific Ocean Areas command southwest Pacific during World War II , this interest led him in 1955 to get a Ph.D. in Economics at the University of California, Berkeley . ref http www.facultydirectory.ucr.edu cgi bin pub public individual.pl?faculty 279 UC Riverside, Academic Biographies ref There he addressed his teachers skepticism about Georgism with a dissertation entitled Land Speculation as an Obstacle to Ideal Allocation of Land. Gaffney has been Professor of Economics at the University of California, Riverside since 1976. Career Gaffney has been a Professor of Economics at several universities a journalist with Time magazine TIME, Inc. a researcher with Resources for the Future the head of the British Columbia Institute for Economic Policy Analysis, ref M. Mason Gaffney, 1976. Interviewed by Derek Reimer. Aural History Programme, Provincial Archives of British Columbia, Victoria, B.C. V8V IX4 ref which he founded an economic consultant to several businesses and government agencies and a frequent speaker on economic topics, domestic and foreign, and in political campaigns. He has been a Director of R.S.F. since 1988. Publications Gaffney has published many books and articles on public finance, land use, economics, taxation, and public policy. These include Gaffney, M. Mason. Concepts of financial maturity of timber and other assets. Raleigh North Carolina State College, 1957 . LAND A Special Iss ... more details
Infobox political party country Scotland party name Scottish Land Restoration League name native colorcode Green party logo foundation start date 1884 dissolution 1904 leader ideology Georgism international None seats1 title seats1 The Scottish Land Restoration League was a Georgism Georgist political party in Scotland . In the 1880s, enclosure was still in process in the Scottish Highlands , and resistance to it often received support from radicals around Britain and Ireland. Branches of the Irish Land League , founded in 1879 to campaign against absentee landlord landlordism , had been set up in Scotland, but the League was wound up in 1883. In 1884, Henry George toured the Highlands and major cities of Scotland on the invitation of the English Land Reform Union . Touring with Edward McHugh , he spoke on his theory of land reform . The tour culminated with a large meeting Glasgow on 18 February 1884, chaired by John Murdoch editor John Murdoch . Almost 2,000 people signed up, on the initiative of Richard McGhee , to form an organisation to propagate and campaign for George s ideas. This group was formed as the Scottish Land Restoration League . William Forsyth politician William Forsyth became its first President, and McHugh its first Secretary. The group immediately spread to other cities around the nation. Among those who joined were many former members of the Land League. A second tour by George at the end of 1884 attracted less attention, and McHugh was accused of mismanaging its publicity. Already, the League was in decline, and when it stood five candidates in the UK general election, 1885 , they received a total of only 2,359 votes. http www.election.demon.co.uk geresults.html McGhee soon assumed the Presidency of the League. In 1888, some members, around Keir Hardie , formed the Scottish Labour Party 1888 1893 Scottish Labour Party , and ceased to work with the League. McGhee left his post in 1889, to become honorary President of the National Union of Dock ... more details
Georgism , free trade Free Trade , Protectionism . Activities Education At its Melbourne premises .... Georgism and Social Credit are therefore fundamentally irreconcilable, and neither Prosper Australia ... 2010 Category Georgism Category Georgist organizations Category Public finance Category Property ... more details
refimprove date May 2008 Libertarianism sidebar Libertarian theories of law build upon liberalism classical liberalism classical liberal and individualist anarchism individualist anarchist doctrines. The defining characteristics of libertarian legal theory are its insistence that the amount of government intervention should be kept to a minimum and the primary functions of law should be enforcement of contracts and social order, though social order is often seen as a desirable side effect of a free market rather than a philosophical necessity. Historically, the Austrian economist Friedrich Hayek is the most important libertarian legal theorist. Another important predecessor was Lysander Spooner , a 19th century American individualist anarchist and lawyer. John Locke was also an influence on libertarian law theory see Two Treatises of Government . Ideas range from anarcho capitalism to a minarchism minimal state providing mere enforcement of contracts. Some advocate regulation, including the existence of a police force, military, public land, and public infrastructure. Geolibertarianism Geolibertarians oppose ownership of land on Georgism Georgist grounds. Notable theorists Authors discussing libertarian legal theory include Randy Barnett The Structure of Liberty Bruce L. Benson The Enterprise of Law Justice Without the State Walter Block Frank van Dun Richard Allen Epstein Richard Epstein Skepticism and Freedom David D. Friedman David Friedman The Machinery of Freedom Friedrich Hayek Law, Legislation and Liberty Gene Healy Stephan Kinsella Hans Hermann Hoppe The Economics and Ethics of Private Property Jacob Hornberger Bruno Leoni Freedom and the Law Robert P. Murphy Chaos Theory essays Chaos Theory Robert Nozick Anarchy, State, and Utopia Roger Pilon Murray Rothbard The Ethics of Liberty Bernard Siegan Economic Liberties and the Constitution Linda and Morris Tannehill The Market for Liberty See also Argumentation Ethics Constitutional economics Equality before the ... more details
anti state.com ref Geolibertarians are generally influenced by Georgism , but the ideas behind ... Georgism Left Libertarianism Lockean proviso Notes references External links http www.tpaine.org ... and Henry George a critical review of Georgism Geolibertarianism from an Austrian School perspective ... more details
and political views see also Heathian anarchism Around 1898, attracted by the Georgism Georgists ... Georgism stood on its head like George, Heath and MacCallum would provide for all public services ... Private community Voluntary community Intentional community Georgism Anarchism Libertarianism List ... more details
Robert Baker April 1862 June 15, 1943 was a United States House of Representatives U.S. Representative from New York . Born at Bury St. Edmunds, England, in April 1862, Baker attended the common schools. He immigrated to the United States in 1882 and settled in Albany, New York , moving to Brooklyn, New York , in 1889. After an unfortunate experience at the hands of a doctor, he became a Christian Scientist . A prominent reformer and follower of the Georgism single tax theories of Henry George , he was a founding member of the Citizens Union in 1897, and ran unsuccessfully for election to the State assembly in 1894 and auditor of New York City in 1902. Baker was elected as a Democratic Party United States Democrat to the 58th United States Congress Fifty eighth Congress March 4, 1903 March 3, 1905 . His single term is office was marked with controversy as Baker stayed true to his reformist philosophy, and quickly earned the nickname No Pass Baker for declining the free railroad passes that were then regularly handed out to legislators by the B & O Railroad . A pacifist , he introduced legislation to disband the United States Military Academy at West Point and another motion condemning the Bloody Sunday 1905 Bloody Sunday massacre in St. Petersburg, Russia. A figure of frequent ridicule in the Brooklyn press, he was unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1904 to the 59th United States Congress Fifty ninth Congress and was the unsuccessful Democratic Party United States Democratic candidate for election in 1906 to the 60th United States Congress Sixtieth Congress in the heavily Republican Party United States Republican Sixth Congressional District in Brooklyn. He was appointed secretary of the New York City Department of Docks and Ferries in 1906, but left that position after three days when John Bensel, Commissioner of the Department of Docks and Ferries, indicated that Baker would be prohibited from public speaking in his new job. Later in life he reversed his pac ... more details
Mary Ann Moore Bentley , also known as Mary Ling 6 January 1865 &ndash 1 September 1953 was an Australian writer and parliamentary candidate. Born in Braidwood, New South Wales Braidwood to English born Methodist s George Bentley and Mary Ann, n e Moore, young Mary and her two younger brothers was primarily educated at home by her mother. She and her sister visited the Sydney International Exhibition 1879 Sydney International Exhibition in 1879, but when their money ran out they were forced to work as domestic servants. In 1880 the family settled at Marrickville, New South Wales Marrickville and Mary became a nursemaid to the children of Colonel Charles Fyshe Roberts Charles Roberts . She married postal clerk Henry Hill Ling on 3 September 1889 at the Salvation Army barracks in Burwood, New South Wales Burwood they separated in 1897 and divorced in 1906. ref name adb Cite web last Bettison first Margaret authorlink coauthors title Ling, Mary 1865 1953 work Australian Dictionary of Biography publisher Australian National University date 2005 url http adb.anu.edu.au biography ling mary 13048 format doi accessdate 8 August 2011 ref Moore Bentley s first novel was rejected in 1890 she published A Woman of Mars or, Australia s Enfranchised Woman in 1901. A Georgist , she joined the Single Tax League in 1901 and was appointed to its council, although she only attended two meetings. In 1903, under the name Mary Ann Moore Bentley , she was one of four women to contest the Australian federal election, 1903 1903 federal election , the first at which women were eligible to stand, although she was not formally supported by the league. Contesting the Australian Senate Senate in New South Wales, she described herself as the working woman s candidate and support free trade , abolition of state parliaments and a state bank in addition to Georgism. She received 18,924 votes 6.1 , outpolling the other New South Wales Senate candidate, Nellie Martel , by 400 votes. ref name adb By 190 ... more details
distinguish Justice Party of Denmark The Henry George Justice Party was a minor political party in the Australian state of Victoria Australia Victoria during the 1950s. The party followed the tenets of Georgism , an economic philosophy and ideology espoused by American economist Henry George 1839 1897 which advocates a single tax on the value of property. ref name hgj1953 cite news url http nla.gov.au nla.news article23243105 title Taxation justice their aim. newspaper The Argus Australia The Argus Melbourne, Vic. 1848 1956 location Melbourne, Vic. date 8 May 1953 accessdate 11 April 2012 page 2 publisher National Library of Australia ref The party nominated candidates for the Candidates of the Australian federal election, 1951 1951 Senate election , ref name hgj1951 cite news url http nla.gov.au nla.news article23039523 title Labor puts Reds last on tickets. newspaper The Argus Australia The Argus Melbourne, Vic. 1848 1956 location Melbourne, Vic. date 7 April 1951 accessdate 11 April 2012 page 44 publisher National Library of Australia ref the Candidates of the Australian Senate election, 1953 1953 Senate election , ref name hgj1953 the Victorian state election, 1955 1955 Victorian state election , ref name hgj1955vic cite news url http nla.gov.au nla.news article71880553 title More poll names. newspaper The Argus Australia The Argus Melbourne, Vic. 1848 1956 location Melbourne, Vic. date 5 May 1955 accessdate 11 April 2012 page 9 publisher National Library of Australia ref and the Candidates of the Australian federal election, 1955 1955 Senate election . ref name hgj1955 cite news url http nla.gov.au nla.news article71784555 title Candidates are saying . newspaper The Argus Australia The Argus Melbourne, Vic. 1848 1956 location Melbourne, Vic. date 6 December 1955 accessdate 11 April 2012 page 6 publisher National Library of Australia ref , but did not win seats in any of those elections. References reflist Australia party stub Category Georgist parties Category ... more details
Economic rent Georgism One way to aid such an effort, Raelians believe, is by changing how property ... held by many proponents of Georgism . In the Raelian idea of humanitarianism, this should even ... more details
other persons George Stephens Infobox artist bgcolour 6495ED name Frank Stephens image Frank Stephens.png birth name George Francis Stephens birth date December 28, 1859 birth place Rahway, New Jersey death date June 16, 1935 death place Gilpin Point, Maryland nationality field Community planning movement Georgism , Arts and Crafts Movement works Arden, Delaware influenced by Henry George , William Morris George Francis Stephens 1859 1953 , known as Frank Stephens , was an American sculptor , political activist and co founder of a utopian Georgism single tax community in Arden, Delaware . Early life, education and family Stephens was born December 28, 1859 in Rahway, New Jersey , to Henry Louis Stephens and Charlotte Ann Wevil. ref name genealogy cite web title Descendants of Henry Lewis Stephens and Charlotte Ann Wevill url http www.wargs.com family 0014.html ref He briefly attended Rutgers College in New Brunswick, New Jersey , and entered the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in 1875, ref name Autobiography cite web title Arden the architecture and planning of a Delaware utopia author Edwards, Eliza Harvey publisher University of Pennsylvania Master s thesis year 1993 url http www.archive.org stream ardenarchitectur00edwa ardenarchitectur00edwa djvu.txt ref where he studied under Thomas Eakins at various times between 1879 and 1885. He served as Eakins teaching assistant in 1880, and married Eakins sister Caroline Caddie Eakins on June 14, 1884. ref cite book title Eakins revealed author Adams, Henry publisher Oxford University Press year 2005 page 62 ref They had three children, Margaret, Donald, and Roger. Caroline died after giving birth in 1889. Stephens second marriage was to Elenor Getty on November 29, 1905 they had no children. ref name genealogy Art career Following art school, Stephens formed a Philadelphia decorative arts business with classmates Colin Campbell Cooper Colin Campbell Cooper, Jr. , Jesse Godley, and Walter J. Cunningham. He worked fo ... more details
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