Geothermal is related to energy and may refer to The geothermal gradient and associated heat flows from within the Earth Renewable technology Earth sheltering , constructing a building into a hill side or Earth berm to reduce heating and cooling requirements Earth cooling tubes , using ambient Earth temperature to cool and dehumidify air Geothermal desalination , the production of fresh water using heat energy extracted from underground rocks Geothermal heating , methods of heating and cooling a building using underground heat Geothermal electricity , electricity generated from naturally occurring geological heat sources Geothermal heat pump , a device used for heating and cooling using the earth as a heat reservoir Direct exchange geothermal heat pump , a method of heating and cooling with the energy of the earth using direct exchange of heat Hot dry rock geothermal energy , Heating water in hot deep rock disambig ca Geot rmia ... more details
Infobox company company name Panax Geothermal company logo company type Public company Public ASX PAX company slogan foundation location Queensland , Australia key people Dr Lambertus de Graaf, CEO industry Geothermal energy products revenue operating income net income num employees parent subsid homepage http www.panaxgeothermal.com.au www.panaxgeothermal.com.au footnotes ref http clients.weblink.com.au clients panaxgeothermal article.asp?asx PAX&view 4225228 PANAX Annual Report 2010 ref Panax Geothermal Ltd ASX PAX is an Australia n geothermal company based in Queensland . Its focus is on exploring existing reservoirs containing hot Geothermal energy geothermal fluids. In March 2010 it succeeded to drill the first geothermal well in Australia to test a Hot Sedimentary Aquifer, at the Penola Project, in South Australia . The project received a 7 million federal government grant. ref http news.smh.com.au breaking news business panax geothermal strikes steam in sa 20100406 rnrp.html Angela Harper Panax geothermal strikes steam in SA in The Sydney Morning Herald April 6, 2010, retrieved 26 October 2010 ref In October 2010 the company acquired 45 of the Sokoria geothermal project on Flores island, Indonesia. The reservoir has temperatures above 230 C at 2km below the earth s surface, and indication of a 100 Watt MW power source for the next 30 years which could replace current diesel electricity generation. ref http www.adelaidenow.com.au business panax buys stake in indonesian project story e6fredj3 1225941214315 Meredith Booth Panax buys stake in Indonesian project in The Advertiser Adelaide The Advertiser October 20, 2010, retrieved 26 October 2010 ref See also Geothermal power in Australia Geothermal power in Indonesia References reflist External links http www.panaxgeothermal.com.au Official site Category Geothermal power in Australia Category Power companies of Australia Category Renewable energy companies Category Companies listed on the Australian Securities ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 Geothermal desalination is a process under development for the production of fresh water using geothermal power heat energy . Claimed benefits of this method of desalination are that it requires less maintenance than reverse osmosis membranes and that the primary energy input is from geothermal heat , which is a low environmental impact source of energy. Around 1995, entrepreneur Douglas Firestone from Nevada came up with an idea to use geothermal water directly as a source for desalination. In 1998, several individuals began working with evaporation condensation air loop water desalination . The experiment was successful and a proof of concept , proving that geothermal waters could be used as process water to produce potable water in 2001. In 2005 to 2009 some testing was done in a sixth prototype of a device referred to as a delta t device, a closed air loop, atmospheric pressure, evaporation condensation loop geothermally powered desalination device. The device used filtered sea water from Scripps Institute of Oceanography and reduced the salt concentration from 35,000 ppm to 51 ppm. A total of six prototypes and six modifications demonstrated that, with process water approaching 210 degrees Fahrenheit 100 degrees Celsius and a chill source about 35 F 2 C , a full size device would produce about one acre foot 600 m of water per day. Salt concentration in the wastewater would only be about 10 above the level of the original water, thus, from, say, 35,000 to about 38,000 parts per million , well within the ability of osmoregulation osmoregulators to adjust. See also Geothermal power External links http www.erec.org fileadmin erec docs Projcet Documents K4 RES H K4RES H Geothermal desalination.pdf European Renewable Energy Council Geothermal Desalination http dx.doi.org 10.1016 S0306 2619 99 00071 9 ScienceDirect Heat Transfer and Evaporation in Geothermal Desalination Units References reflist Br Geothermal power Category Geothermal energy ... more details
renewable energy sources Geothermal electricity is electricity generation electricity generated from geothermal energy . Technologies in use include dry steam power plants, flash steam power plants and binary cycle power plants. Geothermal electricity generation is currently used in 24 countries ref name gea2010 , while geothermal heating is in use in 70 countries. ref name IPCC Estimates of the electricity generating potential of geothermal energy vary from 35 to 2,000 GW. ref name IPCC Current worldwide installed capacity is 10,715 megawatts MW , with the largest capacity in the Geothermal energy in the United States United States 3,086 MW , ref name geap7 Geothermal power in the Philippines Philippines , and Geothermal power in Indonesia Indonesia . Geothermal power is considered to be sustainability .... ref name sustainability The emission intensity of existing geothermal electric plants is on average ... coal fired plant. ref name CO2 History and development Image geothermal capacity.svg thumb Global geothermal electric capacity. Upper red line is installed capacity ref name Bertani lower green ... of geothermal power as a generating source. Prince Piero Ginori Conti tested the first geothermal power generator on 4 July 1904 in Larderello , Italy. It successfully lit four light .... Alpha Science Int l Ltd., 2005 ISBN 1842651250 ref Later, in 1911, the world s first commercial geothermal ... , California, in the 1920s, but Italy was the world s only industrial producer of geothermal electricity until 1958. In 1958, New Zealand became the second major industrial producer of geothermal ... ref In 1960, Pacific Gas and Electric began operation of the first successful geothermal electric power ... first1 Lynn last2 Reed first2 Marshall J. title The U.S. Geothermal Industry Three Decades of Growth ... Years of Geothermal Power Production periodical Geo Heat Centre Quarterly Bulletin publication place ... of 57 C 135 F . ref name Chena Geothermal electric plants have until recently been built exclusively ... more details
Infobox company name Geothermal Anywhere logo File Geothermal Anywhere Organization logo.jpg Geothermal Anywhere Logo founder Igor Kocis CEO , Tomas Kristofic CTO , Ivan Kocis Chief Scientist , Dusan Kocis COO location Dubravska cesta 2, 841 04 Bratislava SLOVAKIA ref http www.geothermalanywhere.com en contact us.html Geothermal Anywhere company profile . Retrieved on May 5, 2010. ref industry Deep drilling systems homepage http www.geothermalanywhere.com GeothermalAnywhere.com Geothermal Anywhere GA is a research company headquartered in Bratislava, Slovakia founded in 1994. Its core business is research and developments in deep drilling applications based on technology of high energetic Plasma deep drilling technology electrical plasma . GA has developed an innovative deep drilling system whose aim is to efficiently reach sources 5 10 km 3 6 miles deep. This technology brings substantial results in many industries such as Geothermal power geothermal energy , Underground mining hard rock underground mining , oil and gas or carbon capture and storage . Projects Image Geothermal anywhere headquarter.jpg thumb Geothermal Anywhere is headquartered in Bratislava , Slovakia The company ... technology firm Geothermal Anywhere receives US 3.7m EU funding . Thinkgeoenergy. February 11 ... CASE Geothermal Anywhere on official visit in Australia . Energia.sk. December 7, 2010. Retrieved on May ... national geothermal technology platform geoEnergia ref http www.energia.sk vsetky sekcie weekly ... organizations and industry in Slovakia to develop geothermal technologies not only in Slovakia but also in whole EU. The main founder is Agency for geothermal power engineering AGEO . Research Centre ... of Slovak Academy of Sciences in Bratislava, Slovakia. See also Geothermal energy Geothermal electricity Enhanced geothermal system Plasma physics Drilling rig References reflist External links ... Category Drilling technology Category Geothermal drilling Category Geothermal energy Category Mining ... more details
Geothermal Exploration File geothermalventing1.jpg right thumb Geothermal venting in Hengill exploration ... active geothermal regions with the ultimate goal of building a geothermal power plant, where hot fluids ... of disciplines including geology , geophysics , geochemistry and engineering . ref name Hulen Geothermal ... and mantle plumes. Hotspot geology Hot spots are characterized by 4 geothermal elements. An active ... Geothermal Fluid Gas, vapor and water found within the reservoir Recharge Area Area surrounding the reservoir that rehydrates the geothermal system. Exploration involves not only identifying hot geothermal ... in geothermal plant production as well as lower drilling costs. As much as 42 of all expenses associated with geothermal energy production can be attributed to exploration. These costs are mostly from drilling operations necessary to confirm or deny viable geothermal regions. ref name Jennejohn Some geothermal experts have gone to say that developments in exploration techniques and technologies .... ref name Jennejohn Temperature gradients, thermal pockets and other geothermal characteristics can be measured directly after drilling, providing valuable information. Geothermal exploration wells rarely exceed 4 km in depth. Subsurface materials associated with geothermal fields range from limestone to shale , volcanic rocks and granite . ref name Manzella Most drilled geothermal exploration ... role in the oil and gas industry and is now being adapted to geothermal exploration. ref ... Geothermal fields are often characterized by increased levels of seismicity. Earthquakes of lesser ... to reveal subsurface qualities relating to geothermal exploration. ref name Foulger The high rate of MEQ in geothermal regions produce large datasets that don t require long field deployments. Active ... dense subsurface anomalies including granite bodies, which are vital to locate in the geothermal ... element is imperative in creating productive geothermal systems. Pore density and subsequent overall ... more details
About direct uses of geothermal heat electricity generation geothermal power Sustainable energy Geothermal heating is the direct use of geothermal energy for heating applications. Humans have taken advantage of geothermal heat this way since the Paleolithic era. Approximately seventy countries made direct use of a total of 270 petajoule PJ of geothermal heating in 2004. As of 2007, 28 gigawatt GW of geothermal ... factor s tend to be low around 20 since the heat is mostly needed in the winter. geothermal geology Geothermal energy originates from the heat retained within the Earth since the original formation ... pages 9 3 ref Most high temperature geothermal heat is harvested in regions close to tectonic plate ... the building. Applications class wikitable border 1 Top countries using the most geothermal ..., Development and utilization of geothermal resources periodical Geo Heat Centre Quarterly Bulletin ... for cheap geothermal heat. In 2004 more than half of direct geothermal heat was used for space ... of geothermal energy to the mitigation of climate change conference IPCC Scoping Meeting on Renewable ... documenti IGA Fridleifsson et al IPCC Geothermal paper 2008.pdf format pdf accessdate 2009 ... water, and agricultural applications. The cities of Reykjav k and Akureyri pipe hot water from geothermal plants under roads and pavements to melt snow. Geothermal desalination has been demonstrated. Geothermal systems tend to benefit from economies of scale, so space heating power is often distributed ... of geothermal sources of energy in Iceland, http www.energy.rochester.edu is reyk history.htm ... fuels geothermal detailed district.htm . ref and Klamath Falls , Oregon ref http www.geothermie.de egec geothernet ci prof america usa klamath falls geothermal distric.htm Klamath Falls Geothermal ..., are underlain by relatively shallow geothermal resources. ref http www.geothermal.org what.html What is Geothermal? ref Similar conditions exist in Iceland, parts of Japan, and other geothermal hot ... more details
Image NesjavellirPowerPlant edit2.jpg thumb 280px Steam rising from the Nesjavellir Geothermal Power Station in Iceland . Renewable energy sources Geothermal energy is thermal energy generated and stored in the Earth. Thermal energy is the energy that determines the temperature of matter. Earth s geothermal ... 80 . ref name turcotte The geothermal gradient , which is the difference in temperature between ... of heat from the core to the surface. The adjective geothermal originates from the Greek roots ... . ref cite web last Nemzer first J title Geothermal heating and cooling url http www.geothermal.marin.org ref From hot springs , geothermal energy has been used for bathing since Paleolithic times ... . Worldwide, about 10,715 megawatts MW of geothermal power is online in 24 countries. An additional 28 gigawatts of direct geothermal heating capacity is installed for district heating, space heating, spas, industrial processes, desalination and agricultural applications. ref name IPCC Geothermal .... http www.crcpress.com product isbn 9781420075700 jsessionid u hy70Ic43mELYWGgG uww Geothermal ... for widespread exploitation. Geothermal wells release greenhouse gases trapped deep within the earth ..., geothermal power has the potential to help mitigate global warming if widely deployed in place of fossil fuels. The Earth s geothermal resources are theoretically more than adequate to supply humanity ... for deep resources is very expensive. Citation needed date June 2010 Forecasts for the future of geothermal ... aspects of geothermal energy in the Mediterranean and Mesoamerican areas prior to the Modern ... fees for these baths probably represent the first commercial use of geothermal power. The world s oldest geothermal district heating system in Chaudes Aigues , France, has been operating since the 14th ..., Development and utilization of geothermal resources periodical Geo Heat Centre Quarterly Bulletin ... was powered directly by geothermal energy, and was copied in Klamath Falls, Oregon in 1900. A deep geothermal ... more details
Other uses2 Geothermal Image Earth crust cutaway english.svg thumb 275px right Earth cutaway from core to exosphere Geothermal gradient is the rate of increasing temperature with respect to increasing ... 1994E&PSL.121....1V ref Heat sources File Geothermaldrilling.jpg right thumb Geothermal drill ... of geothermal energy to the mitigation of climate change conference IPCC Scoping Meeting ... 80 url http iga.igg.cnr.it documenti IGA Fridleifsson et al IPCC Geothermal paper 2008.pdf format ... of geothermal heat. The continental crust is abundant in lower density minerals but also contains significant ... found in the Earth. ref name Geothermal William, G. E. 2010 . Geothermal Energy Renewable Energy and the Environment ... Geothermal Heat flow Heat flows constantly from its sources within the Earth to the surface. Total ... date September 2007 title Geothermal Sustainability periodical Geo Heat Centre Quarterly Bulletin ... The global geothermal flow rates are more than twice the rate of human energy consumption from all ... as geothermal energy . The geothermal gradient has been used for space heating and bathing since ... and have reduced greenhouse gas emissions. In areas of high geothermal energy density, current .... Generating electrical power from geothermal resources requires no fuel while providing true baseload energy at a reliability rate that constantly exceeds 90 . ref name Geothermal In order to extract geothermal energy, it is necessary to efficiently transfer heat from a geothermal reservoir to a power plant, where electrical energy is converted from heat. ref name Geothermal On a worldwide .... About 10 GW of geothermal electric capacity is installed around the world as of 2007, generating 0.3 of global electricity demand. An additional 28 GW of direct geothermal heating capacity is installed ... source heat pumps. In areas where modest heat flow is present, geothermal energy can be used for industrial applications that presently rely on fossil fuels. ref name Geothermal Variations The geothermal ... more details
Denmark has two geothermal district heating plants, one in Thisted started in 1988, and one in Copenhagen started in 2005. ref http www.geotermisk.dk Thisted Varmeforsyning Geotermi ref ref http www.dongenergy.com NR rdonlyres E230504C A507 40DE B931 9886D9A4C809 0 geotermi paper.pdf Allan Mahler & Jesper Magtengaard, Proceeding World Geothermal Congress 2005, Geothermal Development in Denmark, Country Update WGC 2005 ref They produce no electricity. References reflist Geothermal power Renewable energy by country Category Geothermal power in Denmark energy stub denmark stub ... more details
Infobox Journal title Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research cover discipline Volcanology and GeothermalGeothermal science frequency 40 issues year website http www.elsevier.com wps find journaldescription.cws home 503346 description description publisher Elsevier country Netherlands abbreviation ISSN 0377 0273 history Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research is a scientific journal that publishes recent research on the fields of volcanology and geothermalgeothermal activity . See also List of scientific journals List of scientific journals in earth and atmospheric sciences sci journal stub geology stub Category Volcanology Category Geophysics journals Category Elsevier academic journals fr Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research ... more details
orphan date October 2009 merge into Geothermal power in Chile date April 2011 The Law of Geothermal Concessions Spanish language Spanish Ley de Concesiones de Energ a Geot rmica is a Chilean law that regulates geothermal energy since 2000. The law deals with geothermal concessions, tenders, security, ownership relations the role of the state in relation to geothermal energy. It is established that any Chilean or legal person established accoding to Chilean laws may request, or participate in a tender for a geothermal concesion. According to the law superficial ownership and exploitation rights are distinct. Concession rights are divided into exploration and exploitation ones, and the general geometry of concesions are established. The law does not deal with geothermal water being used for health care or touristic purposes. The law, law N 19.657, was published by Diario Oficial on January 7 of 2000. See also Geothermal energy in Chile External links http www.minmineria.cl 574 articles 4534 recurso 1.pdf LEY SOBRE CONCESIONES DE ENERGIA GEOTERMICA Category Chilean law Geotehermal Category Geothermal power in Chile Category 2000 in Chile law stub ... more details
Image Puhagan geothermal plant.jpg thumb right Geothermal power plant in Valencia, Negros Oriental , Philippines The Geothermal Education Office and a 1980 article entitled The Philippines geothermal success story by Rudolph J. Birsic published in the journal Geothermal Energy vol. 8, Aug. Sept. 1980, p. 35 44 note the remarkable geothermal energy geothermal resources of the Philippines . ref http geothermal.marin.org map phil.html Geothermal Education Office The Philippines ref ref name GEO Birsic, R.J. http adsabs.harvard.edu abs 1980GeoE....8...35B The Philippines geothermal success story Geothermal Energy vol. 8, Aug. Sept. 1980, p. 35 44 ref During the World Geothermal Congress 2000 held in Beppu, ita Prefecture of Japan May June 2000 , it was reported that the Philippines is the largest consumer of electricity from geothermal sources and highlighted the potential role of geothermal ... World Geothermal Congress 2000 ref According to the International Geothermal Association IGA , worldwide, the Philippines ranks second to the Geothermal energy in the United States United States in producing geothermal energy. As of the end of 2003, the US had a capacity of 2020 megawatts of geothermal power, while the Philippines generated 1930 megawatts. Mexico was third with 953 MW ... stated that Philippine geothermal energy provides 16 of the country s electricity. ref http staff.aist.go.jp hiro muraoka AsianSympoE.html Institute for Green Resources and Environment Asian Geothermal Symposium ref By 2005, geothermal energy accounted for 17.5 of the country s electricity production ... 24 ref More recent statistics from the IGA show that combined energy from geothermal power plants ... geothermal power plant started operations in July 1977. ref name GEO See also List of power plants in the Philippines Geothermal List of Geothermal power plants in the Philippines References reflist Geothermal power Renewable energy by country Category Geothermal power in the Philippines ... more details
File GRC Logo 2011 Small 100h.jpg thumb renewable energy sources What is Geothermal? Geothermal literally ... of the Earth s crust are considered geothermal. Geothermal is one of the least recognized renewable ... 24 hours per day. Geothermal energy constitutes an indigenous, sustainable, continuous, base ..., Curt. Geothermal Energy and Power Development in Energy and Power Generation Handbook Established ... Engineers , 2011, ISBN 9780791859551 Chapter 16 ref About the Geothermal Resources Council The http www.geothermal.org index.html Geothermal Resources Council GRC is a tax exempt, nonprofit organization ... is a professional educational association for the international geothermal power geothermal community. Goals Encourage worldwide development of Geothermal energy Resources geothermal resources through ... and development of geothermal energy in ways compatible with the Sustainable energy environment . Serve as a public forum for the world geothermal community, providing transfer of objective and unbiased information on the nature of geothermal resources and techniques of geothermal development ... to encourage economically and environmentally sound development and utilization of geothermal resources ... event in the geothermal world, providing an international forum where members, participants and guests learn about the latest advances in geothermal technologies through technical and poster sessions ... that promotes friendships and collaboration within the international geothermal community. The companion trade show offers the opportunity to learn about the latest in geothermal equipment and services ... and geothermal development issues, as well as commentaries and news briefs. The Bulletin is provided ... an annual http www.geothermal.org roster.html Membership Roster and Registry of Geothermal Services ... the international geothermal community. With financial assistance from private and or government institutions, the GRC has published a number of Special Reports about various aspects of geothermal ... more details
Infobox power station name Jermaghbyur Geothermal Power Plant image image caption locale Jermaghbyur , Syunik Province Syunik owner status Proposed primary fuel geothermal conveyance combined cycle generation units max planned cap 150 Watt Megawatt MW commissioned decommissioned The Jermaghbyur Geothermal Power Plant will be Armenia s largest Geothermal electricity geothermal power plant having an installed electric capacity of 150 Megawatt MW . It will be situated in Syunik Province of Armenia. ref http www.ebrdrenewables.com sites renew Lists Projects DispForm.aspx?ID 1763&Source http 3A 2F 2Fwww 2Eebrdrenewables 2Ecom 2Fsites 2Frenew 2Fcountries 2FArmenia 2Fdefault 2Easpx New Geothermal Plant for Armenia ref References Reflist coord missing Armenia Category Geothermal power stations in Armenia Category Proposed geothermal power stations powerstation stub ... more details
File World Geothermal Congress 2010 Bali.jpg thumb 250px The Bali Conference, 26 April 2010 The 2010 World Geothermal Congress took place between April 25 30, 2010 in Bali , Indonesia . It was called the world s biggest geothermal energy business conference conference . ref name BBC http news.bbc.co.uk 2 hi science nature 8643326.stm Karishma Vaswani Indonesia hosts world s biggest geothermal energy forum , BBC News, 25 April 2010 , retrieved 18 August 2010 ref History The World Geothermal Congress is organized every five years by the International Geothermal Association . ref http update.unu.edu ... http www.geothermal energy.org 331,world geothermal congress the history.html International Geothermal Association World Geothermal Congress the history , retrieved 18 August 2010 ref Bali Conference Attendees from 80 countries ref name BBC were discussing better ways to develop geothermal power as an environmentally ....html Tempo , retrieved 18 August 2010 ref The opening was marked by the signing of 12 geothermal related ... state power firm Perusahaan Listrik Negara PT PLN and PT Pertamina Geothermal Energy PGE a geothermal business branch of state oil and gas company Pertamina PT Pertamina to develop four geothermal ... at world geothermal congress Indonesian Embassy, Rome , retrieved 18 August 2010 ref The Congress concluded with over 2,500 participants signing the Bali Declaration Geothermal Energy to Change the World during the closing ceremony. ref http www.esdm.go.id index en 50 geothermal 3346 bali declaration geothermal energy to change the world.html Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources of Indonesian , retrieved 18 August 2010 ref See also Geothermal power in Indonesia References reflist External ... Proceedings http www.geothermal energy.org IGA International Geothermal Association http www.flickr.com ... news indonesias geothermal potential remains untapped 371008 The Jakarta Globe article Category Geothermal energy Category Renewable energy in Indonesia Category International conferences ... more details
Refimprove date May 2009 The largest conventional resources for geothermal power in Canada are located in British Columbia, Yukon and Alberta these regions also contain potential for Enhanced Geothermal System s EGS . In 2007 it was estimated that geothermal energy could meet half of British Columbia s electricity needs. ref cite journal title Geothermal energy could meet half of B.C. s electricity needs, researcher says journal The Vancouver Sun date 24 December 2007 last Skelton first Chad url http www.canada.com vancouversun news story.html?id cfbbf32d 4a3f 48d5 9b69 7ec6a82a3d5a format dead link date January 2010 ref Canada s government which officially notes some 30,000 earth heat installations for providing space heating to Canadian residential and commercial buildings reports that the most advanced project exists as a test geothermal electrical site in the Mount Meager Meager Mountain Pebble Creek area of British Columbia , where a 100 300 MW facility could be developed. The remaining Canadian provinces and territories contain potential for Enhanced Geothermal. Low temperature or direct heat potential sometimes called geothermal heating exist everywhere in Canada. References Reflist Geothermal power Renewable energy by country DEFAULTSORT Geothermal Power In Canada Category Geothermal power in Canada ... more details
Otheruses GEA disambiguation Image Geothermal Energy Association logo.jpg thumb right 200px Logo of the Geothermal Energy Association. Geothermal Energy Association GEA is a U.S. trade organization composed of U.S. companies who support the expanded use of geothermal energy and are developing geothermal resources worldwide for electrical power generation and direct heat uses. GEA advocates for public policies that will promote the development and utilization of geothermal resources, provides a forum for the industry to discuss issues and problems, encourages research and development to improve geothermal technologies, presents industry views to governmental organizations, provides assistance for the export of geothermal goods and services, compiles statistical data about the geothermal industry, and conducts education and outreach projects. Headquartered in Washington, D.C. , GEA represents the U.S. geothermal energy industry in congressional lobbying efforts ref http www.greentechmedia.com articles industry groups call for changes to federal incentives 5173.html Industry Groups Call ... relating the geothermal installations and the state of the industry ref http www.accessmylibrary.com coms2 summary 0286 32455839 ITM The U.S. Geothermal Energy Association released a report assessing progress in worldwide geothermal development since 2005, Power Engineering, June 1, 2007 library card access required ref ref http www.iht.com articles ap 2007 01 23 america NA GEN US Geothermal Energy.php Report commissioned by US Energy Department endorses research on geothermal energy, The Associated ... New Geothermal Energy Guide, Renewable Energy Today, April 27, 2005 ref , and hosts conferences ..., 2006 subscription access required ref The Executive Director of GEA is Karl Gawell . See also Geothermal ... energy.org Geothermal Energy Association Geothermal power state expanded DEFAULTSORT Geothermal Power Category Geothermal energy Category Industry trade groups based in the United States Category Geothermal ... more details
File Worker in Olkaria Kenya.jpg thumb Workers at Olkaria Geothermal Power Plant Geothermal power is very cost effective in the Great Rift Valley, Kenya Great Rift Valley of Kenya , East Africa . Kenya was the first African country to build geothermal energy sources. Kenya Electricity Generating Company KenGen has built two plants to exploit the Olkaria geothermal resource, Olkaria I Geothermal Power Plant Olkaria I 45 MW and Olkaria II Geothermal Power Plant Olkaria II 65 MW , with a third private plant Olkaria III 48 MW . Plans are to increase production capacity by another 576 MW by 2017, covering 25 of Kenya s electricity needs, and correspondingly reducing dependency on imported oil. In Ethiopia there is another plant for geothermal power in 2008 some experts from Iceland calculated that Ethiopia has at least 1000 Megawatt MW of that energy . Hot spots have been found across the continent, especially in the Great Rift Valley. References reflist Geothermal power Renewable energy by country External links http www.kengen.co.ke KenGen Category Geothermal power in Kenya ... more details
In 2010 the installed geothermal electricity generation capacity was 100 MWe while direct use installations were approximately 795 MWt. ref Serpen, U., Aksoy, N., & Ongur, T. 2010 . 2010 Present Status of Geothermal Energy in Turkey. Proceedings, Thirty fifth Workship on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering. Stanford University, Stanford, California, February 1 2, 2010. http pangea.stanford.edu ERE pdf IGAstandard SGW 2010 serpen.pdf ref As of 2005, Turkey had the 5th highest direct usage and capacity of geothermal energy in the world. Turkey s capacity as of 2005 is 1495 MWt with a usage of 24,839.9 TJ year or 6900.5 GWh year at a capacity factor of 0.53. Most of this is in the form of geothermal heat pump direct use heating however geothermal electricity is currently produced at the Kizildere plant in the province of Denizli producing 120,000 tons of liquid carbon dioxide and dry ice. The Kizildere plant has 20 MW capacity and runs at an average capacity of 12 15 MW annually. ref name look Lund, J. W., Freeston, D. H., & Boyd, T. L. 2005 . Direct application of geothermal energy 2005 Worldwide ... www.hurriyetdailynews.com n.php?n geothermal power plant starts generation 2010 04 05 Geothermal power ... BE A GEOTHERMAL POWER ? ref As of 2005 170 future geothermal prospects had been identified with 95 ... Simsek, S., Mertoglu, O., Bakir, N., Akkus, I., Aydogdu, O., 2005. Geothermal energy utilization ... Geothermal Conference 2005, Antalya, Turkey, 24 29 April 2005. ref The proven potential is 3293 MWt and the total geothermal potential is approximately 31,500 MWt indicating that 30 of Turkish residences could be heated geothermally. By 2010 Turkey plans to produce 500MWe geothermal electricity and 3500MWt ... Turkish Geothermal Association http www.mta.gov.tr english daireler enerji jeokorucr.asp Geothermal projects drilled in 2003 Geothermal power Renewable energy by country DEFAULTSORT Geothermal Power In Turkey Category Geothermal power in Turkey tr T rkiye de jeotermal enerji ... more details
Image ORC Neustadt Glewe 2.jpg thumb Internal view of the ORC power plant located in Neustadt Glewe, Northern Germany Geothermal power in Germany is expected to grow, mainly because of a law that benefits the production of geothermal electricity and guarantees a feed in tariff . Less than 0.4 percent of Germany s total primary energy supply came from geothermal sources in 2004. But after a renewable energy law that introduced a tariff scheme of EU 0.15 US 0.23 per kilowatt hour kWh for electricity produced from geothermal sources came into effect that year, a construction boom was sparked and the new power plants are now starting to come online. History The first German geothermal power plant was built in 2003 in Neustadt Glewe located in northern Germany. This plant was not just the first one operating with the Organic Rankine cycle ORC technology but also with the lowest temperature. ref http www.gmk.info geothermal.535.html? Geothermal ORC power modules ref This first project proved that the generation of electricity from geothermal sources at low temperature levels is possible in Germany. Sustainability In the same year 2003 the TAB bureau for technological impact assessment of the German Bundestag concluded that Germany s geothermal resources could be used to supply the entire base load of the country. This conclusion has regard to the fact that geothermal sources have to be developed sustainably because they can cool out if overused. ref http www.tab.fzk.de de projekt zusammenfassung ab84.pdf study of possible geothermal power production in Germany ref References reflist Geothermal power Renewable energy by country Category Geothermal power in Germany Renewable energy stub ... more details
Portugal Portugal s main investment into this type of energy is in the Azores . While electricity is only produced on S o Miguel , Azores, direct use applications are also at Chaves in northern Portugal, at S. Pedro do Sul in central Portugal and at the Lisbon Air Force Hospital. Azores In the Azores, five geothermal energy geothermal power plants exist on S o Miguel , one near Pico Vermelho in operation since 1981 and four binary cycle power plants in Ribeira Grande, which have together an installed capacity of 16 MWe. A third one is built on Terceira 12 MWe and will be completed in 2008. In 2003, 25 of the electricity consumed on S o Miguel was produced by geothermal energy. http www.energiasrenovaveis.com html energias geo pt actualidade.asp Potential power in the Azores Islands in MWe S o Miguel , 173,0 br Terceira , 25,0 br Pico , 12,0 br Faial , 8,9 br S o Jorge , 8,0 br Graciosa , 5,0 br Flores , 2,5 br Corvo , 1,1 br See also Portal Energy portal Portugal Renewable energy in Portugal List of renewable energy topics by country Renewable energy in the European Union External links http www.energiasrenovaveis.com html energias geotermica.asp Geothermal energy in Portugal http iga.igg.cnr.it geoworld geoworld.php?sub map&country portugalandazores Geothermal electricity generation in Portugal, International Geothermal Association IGA Geothermal power Renewable energy by country Category Energy in Portugal Category Geothermal power in Portugal ... more details
File MATSUKAWA Geothermal power station Iwate,JAPAN.jpg thumb Matsukawa geothermal power station Japan has favorable sites for geothermal power because of its proximity to the Izu Bonin Mariana Arc . In 2007, Japan had 535.2 MW of installed electric generating capacity, about 5 of the world total. ref name Bertani Citation last Bertani first Ruggero date September 2007 title World Geothermal Generation in 2007 title Characteristics, Development and utilization of geothermal resources periodical Geo Heat Centre Quarterly Bulletin publication place Klamath Falls, Oregon publisher Oregon Institute of Technology volume 28 issue 2 pages 1 9 url http geoheat.oit.edu bulletin bull28 2 art1.pdf issn 0276 1084 accessdate 2009 04 16 ref There are geothermal electric power plants at the following locations ref cite journal last1 Kimbara first1 K. last2 Takahashi first2 M. title The Series of the Geothermal Power Stations in Japan journal Chishitsu News volume 501 date May 1996 url http www.aist.go.jp GSJ dGT hatsuden.html accessdate 2009 10 18 ref Mori Ohnuma Matsukawa Kakkonda Uenotai Onikoube Yanaizu Nishiyama Hachijo Jima Suginoi Ohtake Hacchobaru Oguni Kirishima Kokusai Hotel Ohgiri Yamagawa See also List of geothermal power stations References reflist External links http agora.ex.nii.ac.jp earthquake 201103 eastjapan energy electrical japan type 6.html.ja Electrical Japan Google Maps of Power Stations Geothermal ja Geothermal power Category Geothermal power in Japan renewable energy stub ja ... more details
File Larderello 001.JPG thumb View of Larderello with one of the biggest geothermal plant in Italy Geothermal power accounts for about 1.6 1.8 of the total electric energy production in Italy and is about 7 of the total renewable energy produced in 2010. ref name gse1 cite web title Rapporto Statistico 2010 url http www.gse.it layouts GSE Portal2011.Structures GSEPortal2011 FileDownload.aspx?FileUrl http www.gse.it it Dati 20e 20Bilanci GSE Documenti 2fosservatorio statistico 2fStatistiche Rinnovabili 2010.pdf&SiteUrl http www.gse.it it Dati 20e 20Bilanci work Statistiche sulle fonti rinnovabili publisher Gestore Servizi Energetici GSE accessdate 4 January 2012 ref rp 95 The total energy from Geothermal was 5,376 GWh in 2010. Italy is the fifth country by geothermal installed capacity. ref See Geothermal electricity . ref There are 33 active geothermal plants with a total capacity of 772 MW. All the plants are in Tuscany in the provinces of Province of Grosseto Grosseto , Province of Pisa Pisa and Province of Siena Siena . ref name gse1 rp 94 The province of Pisa alone contributes for more than half of the national production. History In the 20th century, demand for electricity led to the consideration of geothermal power as a generating source. Prince Piero Ginori Conti tested the first geothermal power generator on 4 July 1904 in Larderello , in the province of Pisa. It successfully lit four light bulbs. ref Tiwari, G. N. Ghosal, M. K. Renewable Energy Resources Basic Principles and Applications. Alpha Science Int l Ltd., 2005 ISBN 1 84265 125 0 ref Later, in 1911, the world s first commercial geothermal power plant was built there. Experimental generators were built in other countries in the 1920s, but Italy was the world s only industrial producer of geothermal electricity until 1958. See also Renewable energy in Italy Electricity sector in Italy References reflist Italy stub Renewable energy stub Category Geothermal power in Italy ... more details
Image West Ford Flat Geothermal Cooling Tower.JPG thumb right 290px One of 21 power plants at The Geysers , California, the largest geothermal development in the world. Geothermal energy in the United States continues to be an area of considerable activity. In 2010, the United States led the world in geothermal ... ref name geap7 Geothermal Energy Association. http www.geo energy.org pdf reports GEA International Market Report Final May 2010.pdf Geothermal Energy International Market Update May 2010, p. 7. ref ref name Geothermal http www.renewableenergyaccess.com rea partner story?id 48465 6 Million American Households to be Powered by Geothermal Energy, New Survey Reports ref the largest group of geothermal power plant s in the world is located at The Geysers , a geothermal field in California . ref name Khan Citation first1 M. Ali last Khan year 2007 title The Geysers Geothermal Field, an Injection ... States generates an average of 15 billion kilowatt hours of geothermal power per year, comparable ... http www.geo energy.org publications reports Environmental 20Guide.pdf A Guide to Geothermal Energy and the Environment ref Geothermal power plants are largely concentrated in the western states. They are the fourth ... power . A geothermal resource assessment shows that nine western states together have the potential ... to archaeological evidence, geothermal resources have been in use on the current territory of the United States for more than 10,000 years. The Paleo Indians first used geothermal hot springs for warmth, cleansing, and minerals. ref name geo The first commercial geothermal power plant producing power ... into the largest geothermal development in the world, with an output of 750 MW. ref name geo Plants Image Map GeothermalPowerUS.jpg thumb 200px right Map showing geothermal power capacity by state as of 2000 ... geothermal electric power plant in the United States in 1960. ref name 100years Citation last Lund first J. date September 2004 title 100 Years of Geothermal Power Production periodical Geo Heat ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
