Two other uses umlaut in Germanic languages the more general concept referring also to other languages I mutation Umlaut In linguistics , umlaut from German language German um around the other way Laut ... umlaut was originally coined and is used principally in connection with the study of the Germanic languages . In Germanicumlaut also i umlaut or i mutation , a back vowel changes to the associated ... Cercignani first Fausto last Cercignani title Early Umlaut Phenomena in the Germanic Languages journal ... in the declension of Germanic strong verb s such as sing sang sung . Description Umlaut is a form .... Germanicumlaut is a specific historical example of this process that took place in the unattested ... form Proto Germanic m s m siz Loss of final z West Germanic m s m si Germanicumlaut Pre Old English ... Germanic strong verb strong verbs by applying a suffix, which later caused umlaut, to a past tense form ... table adapted from Malmkj r 2002 cite German orthography See also Umlaut diacritic Image Germanic ... examples of umlaut involve vowel distinctions in Germanic verbs. Often these are subsumed under the heading ... Germanic verb would have been ankijanan the j caused umlaut in all the forms that had the suffix subsequently ... is indeed umlaut as it is best known, but the second is older and occurred already in Proto Germanic ... with umlaut of e . West Germanic languages I mutation in Old English Ref improve section date November ... o by analogy before umlaut took place. For example, dohtor comes from late Proto Germanic dohter ... year 1992 title On Old High German i umlaut encyclopedia On Germanic linguistics issues and methods ... gata g ta saga s ga See also Germanic a mutation I mutation Indo European ablaut Umlaut disambiguation ... Cercignani, Fausto , Early Umlaut Phenomena in the Germanic Languages , in Language , 56 1, 1980 ... Forschungen , 85, 1980, pp. 207 213. Germanic philology DEFAULTSORT GermanicUmlaut Category ... ru stq Umlaut simple Germanicumlaut fi Umlaut sv Omljud zh ... more details
A umlaut may refer to , the letter A with an umlautGermanic a mutation , a historic sound change in Northwest Germanic languages. disambig ... more details
wiktionarypar umlautUmlautUmlaut may refer to Diaeresis diacritic , a pair of dots above a vowel, used in German to mark umlaut Metal umlaut , the same diacritic in names of heavy metal or hard rock bands for effect I mutation or umlaut, historic vowel fronting or raising in any language Germanicumlaut , this process in Germanic languages Affection linguistics , this process in Celtic languages Regressive vowel harmony Umlaut vowel can refer to any front rounded vowel Close front rounded vowel IPA y Close mid front rounded vowel IPA Open mid front rounded vowel IPA Open front rounded vowel IPA Lars Umlaut, a character playable in the Guitar Hero series of music video games Uml ut, Clinton McKinnon s experimental Australian rock band disambig fr Umlaut nl Umlaut ... more details
in Germanic languages called Umlaut that is sometimes used gratuitously or decoratively over letters ... of and . See Germanicumlaut . Ironically, these sounds tend to be perceived as weaker ...SpecialChars A metal umlaut ref This page is the personal favourite of Wikipedia founder Jimmy Wales ... and Mot rhead . Amongst English speakers, the use of umlaut marks and other diacritic s with a blackletter ... that continued into the 1980s with M tley Cr e and others. ref The metal umlaut is not generally ... parodied in film and fiction in the mockumentary film This Is Sp n al Tap spelled with an umlaut mark ... of eyes. You re looking at the umlaut, and it s looking at you. The German word Umlaut roughly means ... usage outside heavy metal the umlaut version of a vowel is pronounced differently from the normal ... which use it normally, the umlaut does not evoke the impression of strength and darkness which ... umlaut is dependent on the beholder s background. Speakers of such languages may understand the intended ... Pearlman just after Pearlman came up with the name I said, How about an umlaut over the O? Metal had ... words umlaut.html title Hell Holes Spin al Tap s main man explains the importance of the umlaut ... Swedish letter are added. The diacritical mark on the last unicode A is the Hungarian umlaut or double ... uses neither the unicode nor the traditional German umlaut over the letter A , though ... of Mot rhead , had become a member of the group. Mot rhead followed in 1975. The idea for the umlaut ... in English. Similarly Lemmy advised W rzel to add an umlaut to his name for the same reason. The band ... the umlaut over the Y in their name corresponds to the digraph orthography digraph IJ digraph ij in the Dutch language . Queensr che frontman Geoff Tate stated, The umlaut over the y has haunted ... The mockumentary This Is Spinal Tap This Is Unicode Sp n al Tap parodies the Metal Umlaut by putting an umlaut on the n in Unicode Spin al Tap The Parody spoof band Spinal Tap band Unicode Sp n al ... more details
Wiktionary GermanicgermanicGermanic may refer to The Germanic languages , descended from Proto Germanic . The Germanic peoples List of Germanic peoples List of confederations of Germanic tribes German people Germanic mythology disambiguation SS Germanic 1875 S S Germanic 1875 , a White Star Line steamship See also Portal Ancient Germanic culture Gothic disambiguation Germania disambiguation Germanus disambiguation Germany Germanicia Caesarea disambig de Germanisch nds nl Germoans no Germansk ... more details
hand, argued that no umlaut phenomena can be assumed for Proto Germanic , preferring to ascribe these changes .... Fausto Cercignani Cercignani, Fausto 1980 . Early umlaut phenomena in the Germanic languages , Language ... von Herman Paul. Strassburg, Tr bner. Lloyd L. 1966 . Is there an a umlaut of i in Germanic ... Language. Oxford University Press. See also I mutation Germanicumlaut Vowel harmony Germanic ...A mutation is a metaphony metaphonic process supposed to have taken place in late Proto Germanic circa ... . It has also been called a umlaut , a o umlaut , velar umlaut and, formerly, Brechung . ref ... to other unrelated sound changes which later affected individual Germanic languages ref Collitz ... in some Germanic languages than others. It is widely found in Old High German , less so in other West Germanic languages and Old Norse language Old Norse . ref Campbell 1959, 111 b . ref a mutation is less ... of it at all in Gothic language Gothic , where Proto Germanic e and i had fallen together, as had ... suggested another possibility efen even Proto Germanic i naz Proto Indo European iminos cf ... West Germanic languages, ref name Campbell 1959, 114 b with Old High German showing the greatest number ... the process. ref Kluge 1889 , p. 545 . ref u o While Proto Germanic inherited both of the phonemes ... arose from a mutation of u , since Proto Indo European o had already become Proto Germanic a . a mutation ... types, e.g. Germanic strong verb strong verbs of classes 2, 3 and 4 where o in the past participle ... linguistics morphologically , the old Germanic languages had almost always generalised one vowel or the other ... In the West Germanic variety that gave rise to Old English, a mutation did not affect the second element ... , steup step Epinal Glossary 726, 1070 but in other branches of West Germanic eu became eo unless followed ... of a single nasal consonant Old English derives from a type of Germanic in which single m had the same ..., 117 Campbell 1959, 117. ref The effect occurs in other West Germanic languages, though more erratically ... more details
Germanicumlautumlaut produced stem alternations in Class III weak verbs, and as a result the class ... conjugation Other aspects of Germanic verbs Indo European ablaut GermanicUmlaut Verner s law grammatischer ...No footnotes date August 2010 The Germanic languages Germanic language family is one of the language ... divided into North Germanic language North , West Germanic languages West and East Germanic language East Germanic groups, and ultimately produced a large group of mediaeval and modern languages ... language Gothic East, extinct . The Germanic verb system lends itself to both descriptive linguistics ... diversity. Verb types The Germanic verb system carried two innovations over the previous Proto Indo ... the preterite and past participle, using a dental suffix. Later Germanic languages developed ... would have done with would in the preterite and have in the present . Germanic verbs fall into two ..., being composed of parts of more than one Indo European verb. Strong verbs Main Germanic strong ... leipo leloipa elipon . All Indo European verbs that passed into Germanic as functioning verbs were ... ndash gi fallan heizan spaced ndash hiaz spaced ndash hiazun spaced ndash gi heizan In Proto Germanic ... of Indo European daughter languages e.g. Latin , and so it was with Germanic that the perfect ... in Germanic, Italic, and Celtic. The Indo European perfect took o grade in the singular and zero grade in the dual and plural. The Germanic strong preterite shows the expected Germanic development ... endings, the remnants of which are seen in the Germanic strong preterite. The reduplication characteristic ... , a distinction by which they are grouped together as the seventh class of Germanic strong verbs. Weak verbs Main Germanic weak verb Weak or consonantal verbs are those that use a dental suffix in the past or preterite tense, either t or d . In Proto Germanic such verbs had no ablaut that is, all forms ... linguistics productive . Already in the earliest attested Germanic languages strong verbs had ... more details
Gothic subsequently developed them through the process of i umlaut . Proto Germanic developed a strong ... loss of final z Germanicumlaut The following innovations are common to the West Germanic languages ...Infobox language family name Germanic altname region In northern, western and central Europe , Anglo America , Oceania , southern Africa familycolor Indo European protoname Proto Germanic language Proto Germanic child1 North Germanic languages North Germanic child2 West Germanic languages West Germanic child3 East Germanic languages East Germanic small extinct small iso2 gem iso5 gem lingua 52 phylozone map Germanic languages.svg mapcaption legend 0000ff Countries where a Germanic language is the first language of the majority of the population legend 8ddada Countries where a Germanic language is an official but not primary language Indo European topics The Germanic languages constitute a sub ... of the languages in this branch is called Proto Germanic also known as Common Germanic , which was spoken ... Germanic, along with all of its descendants, is characterized by a number of unique linguistic features, most famously the consonant change known as Grimm s law . Early varieties of Germanic enter history with the Germanic tribes Germanic peoples moving south from northern Europe in the 2nd century BC, to settle in north central Europe. The most widely spoken Germanic languages are English language ... Low Saxon and Yiddish . ref native speakers respectively. They belong to the West Germanic family. The West Germanic group also includes other major languages, such as Dutch language Dutch with 23 ... date accessdate 2010 08 28 ref . The North Germanic languages include Norwegian language Norwegian , Danish ... The SIL International SIL Ethnologue lists 53 different Germanic languages. Characteristics Germanic languages possess several unique features, such as the following Large number of vowels. Germanic ... Indo European ablaut to indicate past tense. These are called the Germanic weak verb s the remaining ... more details
Pre Germanic may refer to the predecessor of Common Germanic, see Germanic Parent Language a language spoken before the arrival of Germanic speakers during the Migration period, see Germanic substrate hypothesis pre Indo European disambig ... more details
Image Thor.jpg thumb 200px Thor or Donar , god of thunder, one of the major figures in Germanic mythology. Germanic mythology is a comprehensive term for myths associated with historical Germanic paganism , including Norse mythology , Anglo Saxon mythology , Continental Germanic mythology , and other versions of the mythologies of the Germanic people s. Germanic mythology ultimately derives from Indo European mythology , also known as Indo Germanic mythology. See also Common Germanic deities Female spirits in Germanic paganism Germanic paganism Germanic mysticism disambiguation Germanic folklore disambiguation List of Germanic deities Paganism in the Alpine region DEFAULTSORT Germanic Mythology Category Germanic mythology ko no Germansk mytologi pl Mitologia germa ska tl Mitolohiyang Hermaniko ... more details
Germanic religion may refer to pre Christian Germanic paganism Germanic Christianity the Deutschgl ubig new religious movements of the early 20th century disambig ... more details
Germanic folklore is recorded folklore of the Germanic speaking peoples . It is often used as a starting point for the reconstruction of a Common Germanic mythology Dutch folklore English folklore German folklore Scandinavian folklore Scottish folklore Lowland Scottish folklore Swiss folklore See also Folklore Journal of Germanic Mythology and Folklore Germanic mythology disambiguation Germanic paganism Germanic mysticism disambiguation Heathenry disambiguation Paganism in the Alpine region Urglaawe disambig fr folklore germanique ... more details
South Germanic is a term used for a number of proposed groupings of the Germanic tribes or Germanic languages ... are found As a straightforward synonym for West Germanic . This usage is particularly found in the study of Germanic mythology and Germanic culture culture , where it covers English and German sources in contrast to those from Scandinavia, which are termed North Germanic . The East Germanic tribes are generally ... for example, Stefan Sonderegger . As a term in Ernst Schwarz s theory of the Germanic languages Germanic dialects. He divides Germanic into a North Germanic and a South Germanic or Continental Germanic group, with the Scandinavian languages and Gothic in the former. A feature of his grouping is the intermediate position of two other groups, Elbe Germanic and Ingvaeonic North Sea Germanic Anglo Frisian and Old Saxon , with the latter viewed floating being initially part of North Germanic ..., use instead the terms Northeast Germanic and Southwest Germanic . Nowadays the five linguistic ... North Germanic , North Sea Germanic , Rhine Weser Germanic , Elbe Germanic and East Germanic , all ... to Hutterer, who groups North Sea Germanic separately from the Weser Rhine Germanic and Elbe Germanic ... be seen as a development of Schwarz s theory, it implies that Northsea Germanic and South Germanic did not form any sort of larger West Germanic grouping. The German term Binnengermanisch Inland Germanic is also used in a similar sense to contrast the coastal West Germanic dialects with the rest, though it does not imply that they are not all part of West Germanic . Footnotes references References ... and separation of the Germanic languages in Frans Van Coetsem F. van Coetsem & H.L. Kufner eds. , Toward a Grammar of Proto Germanic Niemeyer, 1972 H. Kuhn, Zur Giedering der germanischen Sprachen , in Zeitschrift f r deutsches Altertum 86 1955 , 1 47. Winfred P. Lehmann, The Grouping of the Germanic ... Press, 1966 H.F. Nielsen, The Germanic Languages. Origins and Early Dialectal Interrelations ... more details
Wiktionary Germanic Europe Germanic Europe may refer to Historically, The parts of Europe settled by Germanic peoples during the Migration period In a modern context, Germanic speaking Europe part of Europe speaking Germanic dialects The Germanic Europe cluster of continental Germanic speaking territories German and Dutch speaking Europe See also German speaking Europe Romano Germanic culture European ethnography Peoples of Europe Languages of Europe Latin Europe Slavic Europe Celtic nations Some medieval states Frankish Empire Kingdom of Germany Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation disambig ar fr Europe germanique ko nl Germaanse talen Taal en cultuurgebied in Europa no Germansk Europa ro Europa germanic ... more details
Germanic mysticism or Germanic occultism may refer to Ariosophy more generally, various schools of Esotericism in Germany and Austria Dubious date March 2010 various modern post 1945 systems of runic magic disambig ... more details
Northwest Germanic is a proposed grouping of the Germanic languages Germanic dialects, representing the current consensus among Germanic historical linguists. It does not challenge the late 19th century tri partite division of the Germanic dialects into North Germanic , West Germanic and East Germanic , but proposes additionally that North and West Germanic remained as a subgroup after the southward migration of the East Germanic tribes, only splitting into North and West Germanic later. Whether ... and the Elbe Germanic tribes had settled in Southern Germany. This grouping was proposed by Hugo Kuhn as an alternative to the older view of a Gotho Nordic versus West Germanic division. This older ... groups to be distinguishable North Germanic in Southern Scandinavia excluding Jutland North Sea Germanic along the middle Rhine and Jutland Rhine Weser Germanic Elbe Germanic and East Germanic ref Britannica 15th edition 22 642 ref . The Northwest Germanic theory challenges these proposals, since it is strongly tied to runic inscriptions dated from AD 200 onwards. The evidence for Northwest Germanic ... morphology , word formation and lexis in North and West Germanic, though in fact there is considerable ... , which provides almost the sole evidence of the East Germanic dialects, is attested much earlier than the other Germanic languages, with the exception of a few runes runic inscription s. This means that direct comparisons between Gothic and the other Germanic languages are not necessarily good ... innovations cited as evidence for Northwest Germanic are Proto Germanic z r e.g. Gothic dius ON d r ... verbs in North and West Germanic, while Gothic uses reduplication e.g. Gothic haihait ON, OE h t , preterite ... common innovations in North Germanic and Gothic, which therefore challenge the Northwest Germanic hypothesis, include Proto Germanic jj , ww ddj , ggw e.g. Gothic triggwa , ON tryggva , OHG triuwe ... the genetic reality of both Northwest Germanic and Gotho Nordic, seeing them rather as mere ... more details
Historical culture of the Germanic peoples Migration period art Animal style Anglo Saxon culture Contemporary culture of Germanic languages Germanic Europe Dutch culture disambiguation English culture Flemish culture Frisian culture Culture of German speaking Europe Austrian culture Culture of Germany German culture Swiss culture Scandinavian culture Danish culture Icelandic culture Norwegian culture Swedish culture See also Germanic folklore disambiguation disambig ... more details
Romano Germanic may refer to Romano Germanic culture of ancient Germanic peoples subject to the Roman Empire Romano Germanic law , a family of legal systems Romano Germanic Empire, more commonly called the Carolingian Empire Romano Germanic Museum , Cologne, Germany Romano German may mean Romano German emperor lang de R misch deutscher Kaiser , a term used by some historians for any emperor of the Holy Roman Empire Romano German Pontifical , a rite of Roman Catholic monastic worship Romano German, Nikolay Yakovlevich Danilevsky N.Y. Danilevsky s term for the opposite counterpart of Slavic culture in Europe disambig ... more details
merge Germanic heroic legend date April 2012 A Germanic hero is the protagonist of certain works of early medieval literature mostly in Germanic languages . This hero is always a warrior, concerned both with his reputation and fame, and with his political responsibilities. ref Brian Murdoch, The Germanic Hero Politics and Pragmatism in Early Medieval Poetry London Hambledon Press, 1996 , 3 4. ref The way in which he copes with the blows of fate is extremely important. ref Brian Murdoch, Heroic Verse , German Literature of the Early Middle Ages , Camden House History of German Literature, 2 Rochester, NY Camden House, 2004 , 123. ref He may be distinguished from the classical hero in that his adventures are less individualistic, and from the tragic hero because his death is heroic rather than tragic. His death usually brings destruction, not restoration, as in tragedy. His goal is frequently revenge, hamartia in a tragic hero. ref Stanley B. Greenfield, Hero and Exile The Art of Old English Poetry , George H. Brown, ed. London Hambledon Press, 1989 , 15, 23. ref The historical era with which the Germanic heroes of the literature are associated in legend is called the Germanic Heroic Age . Among the famous Germanic heroes are the eponymous protagonist of Beowulf , an Old English Epic poem epic , and the eponym of Waltharius , a Medieval Latin epic. Notes Reflist 2 Category Early medieval literature Category Germanic heroic legends ... more details
German studies Dutch studies Scandinavian studies Runology comparative linguistics Common Germanic See also The Journal of Comparative Germanic Linguistics Germanic philology Germanic peoples Category Germanic studies ling stub fr Philologie germanique gl Filolox a xerm nica it Filologia germanica ... more details
Triassic lithostratigraphy Europe The Germanic Trias Supergroup lang de Germanische Trias Supergruppe is a lithostratigraphy lithostratigraphic unit a sequence of rock strata in the subsurface of large parts of western and central Europe north of the Alps and the North Sea . Almost all of the Germanic Trias was deposited during the Triassic period geology period and consists of three clearly different units Buntsandstein , Muschelkalk and Keuper , that gave the period its name Triassic means threefold . In the past the names of these three units were also used as units in the geologic timescale , but in modern literature they only have a lithostratigraphic meaning. Origin The Germanic Trias formed in the large Germanic Basin , a basin geology basin that covered much of midwestern Europe including the south of the North Sea and Baltic Sea during the Triassic. The Muschelkalk has a predominantly marine ocean marine sedimentary facies facies whereas the Buntsandstein and Keuper are mostly continental . Stratigraphy In the central parts of the Germanic Basin, the Germanic Trias has an average thickness of 800 meters, but regional differences are considerable. In the north of Germany the thickness of the Buntsandstein alone can exceed 1400 meters. The Germanic Trias lies on top of the Permian Zechstein Group and below Lower Jurassic units, such as the Lias Group or Altena Group . The base is not defined in the same way everywhere. In northern Germany the base is formed by the Calv rde Beds , in the Spessart and Odenwald by the base of the Heigenbr cken Sandstone . Radiometric dating has shown the age of the Germanic Trias is not totally corresponding with the Triassic period. The base ... stratigraphic hiatus between the base of the Lias and top of the Germanic Trias. In German ... Dutch lithostratigraphy divides the Germanic Trias along other boundaries in a Lower Germanic Trias Group and an Upper Germanic Trias Group . The Dutch Keuper and Muschelkalk have the status ... more details
About Germanic peoples as an ethno linguistic group the term Germanic as used in reference to Germanic speaking countries in Europe Germanic Europe disambiguation Germanic Europe File Ancient German Family.jpg thumb 300px right Ancient german family. Illustration from Costumes of all nations The Germanic ... by their use of the Germanic languages which diversified out of Proto Germanic during the Pre Roman Iron Age . ref cite encyclopedia title Germanic Peoples encyclopedia Encyclopedia Britannica Online url http www.britannica.com EBchecked topic 231063 Germanic peoples accessdate 25 January 2012 ref Originating about 1800 BCE from the Corded Ware Culture on the North German plain , the Germanic ..., East Germanic tribes that had migrated from Scandinavia to the lower Vistula cn date April 2012 ... crossing the Rhine . Meanwhile, several Germanic tribes were converted to Arianism Arian Christianity ... of Nedao Nedao , migrating Germanic tribes invaded the Western Roman Empire and transformed it into Medieval Europe . Nevertheless, it was only with Germanic help that the empire was able to survive as long as it did, as the Roman Army was nearly entirely composed of Germanic soldiers by the 4th century ... Germanic tribes North Germanic Vikings seamen launched a Viking expansion massive expansion , founding ... the Atlantic as far as Norse colonization of the Americas North America . Subsequently, Germanic ... Europe the Germanic elite eventually adopted the native Slavic languages Slavic or Latin dialects. All Germanic peoples were eventually converted from Germanic paganism Paganism to Germanic Christianity Christianity . Modern Germanic peoples are the Scandinavia ns Norwegians , Swedes Swedish , Danes ... Germanic dialects. please do not expand this into a complete listing of modern day Germanic peoples ... full justice to everybody hence among others for a comprehensive list, see Germanic languages Ethnonym Indo European topics Germanic See also Germania The Latin language Latin ethnonym Germani seems ... more details
Germanic sound shifts are the phonological developments sound change s from the Proto Indo European language PIE to Proto Germanic , in Proto Germanic itself, and in various Germanic subfamilies and languages. TOCright PIE to Proto GermanicGermanic spirant law Grimm s law Holtzmann s law Sievers law Verner s law In Proto GermanicGermanic a mutation Germanic subfamilies and languages Germanicumlaut all of the early languages except for Gothic Great Vowel Shift English High German consonant shift Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law attested in Old English, Old Frisian and Old Saxon West Germanic gemination See also Germanic languages Germanic substrate hypothesis disambig Category Germanic languages Category Sound laws ... more details
about the germanic people the italian people Marsi Refimprove date December 2009 Image GermanenAD50.png thumb right 300px Germanic tribes around 50 CE The Marsi lang de Marser were a small Germanic tribe settled between the Rhine , Rur and Lippe River Lippe rivers in northwest Germany. Tacitus mentions them repeatedly, in particular in the context of the wars of Germanicus . They had been part of the tribal coalition of the Cheruscian war leader Arminius that in 9 AD annihilated three Roman Roman legion legion s under Publius Quinctilius Varus Varus in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest Battle of Teutoburg Forest . Germanicus, seeking revenge for this defeat, invaded the lands of the Marsi in 14 AD with 12,000 legionnaires, 26 cohorts of auxiliaries and eight cavalry squadrons. Celebrating the feast of their goddess Tanfana , the Marsi were too drunk to respond effectively to the Roman surprise attack and were massacred. According to Tacitus Annals Tacitus Annals 1, 51 , an area of 50 Roman miles was laid to waste with fire and sword No sex, no age found pity. A Legion eagle from Varus Defeat, either from the XVII or XVIII, was recovered Enraged by this and other similar bloodbaths e.g., in the spring of 15 among the Chatti , the frequently quarrelling tribes united once again to fend back the Roman invaders. After two more years of warfare, Rome finally abandoned its efforts to push its boundaries eastward to the Weser River Weser river and retreated permanently behind the Rhine . Several town names today remain as reminders of the ancient Marsi e.g., Marsberg and Obermarsberg in eastern North Rhine Westphalia and Volkmarsen in northern Hesse . List of Leaders of the Marsi ... icon See also Portal Ancient Germanic culture List of Germanic peoples Germanic peoples References Reflist Category Ancient peoples Category Ancient Germanic peoples Category Germanic peoples Category Ethnic groups in Europe Category History of the Germanic peoples Category Iron Age Europe Germany ... more details
Germanic Myth refers to an idealized or valorized view of Germanic peoples German tribes living to the North of Rome in the first century CE. It takes inspiration from Germania book Germania , a 1 sup st sup century account of Germanic tribes by Tacitus . ref race. Encyclop dia Britannica. Encyclop dia Britannica Online. Encyclop dia Britannica Inc., 2011. Web. 14 Nov. 2011. http www.britannica.com EBchecked topic 488030 race . The Germanic myth and English constructions of an Anglo Saxon past. Tacitus idealized the simple, unadulterated lives of the German tribes and contrasted what he saw as their positive cultural features with the decadence and decline of the Romans.... Little could he have anticipated that his descriptions of a simple tribal people, written for 2nd century Romans, would form one of the bases for a powerful theory of racial superiority that dominated the Western world during the 19th and 20th centuries. ref Notes reflist Further Reading cite book author Reginald Horsman title Race and manifest destiny the origins of American racial anglo saxonism url http books.google.com books?id 9TSc3iKP3ZkC&pg PP1 accessdate 15 November 2011 year 1981 publisher Harvard University Press isbn 978 0 674 94805 X Please check ISBN reason Check digit X does not correspond to calculated figure. pages 1 Europe hist stub Category History of Europe ... more details
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