Levi ben Gershon , better known by his List of Latinised names Latinised name as Gersonides or the abbreviation ... of the Lord review 1. the doctrine of the soul, in which Gersonides defends the theory of impersonal ... of astrological theory and 6. creation and miracles, in respect to which Gersonides deviates widely from the position of Maimonides. Gersonides was also the author of a commentary on the Pentateuch ... held by other Jewish thinkers, Jewish theologian Louis Jacobs argues, Gersonides held that God does not have complete foreknowledge of human acts. Gersonides, bothered by the old question of how God ... not have foreknowledge of moral decisions which was advanced by ibn Daud and Gersonides Levi ben ... . Views of the afterlife Gersonides posits that people s souls are composed of two parts a material .... For Gersonides, Seymour Feldman points out, Man is immortal insofar as he attains the intellectual ... in mathematics and astronomy astrology Gersonides wrote Maaseh Hoshev in 1321 dealing with arithmetical ... numbers differing by 1. Gersonides proved that there are only four such pairs 1,2 , 2,3 , 3,4 ... and shines by the reflected light of the Sun. Gersonides was also the earliest known mathematician ... crater Rabbi Levi crater Rabbi Levi is named after him. Gersonides believed that astrology was real ... that for Gersonides, astrology was Quote founded on the metaphysical doctrine of the dependence ... of stellar distances and refutation of Ptolemy s model Gersonides is the only astronomer before modern ... on a rotating sphere just beyond the outer planets, Gersonides estimated the distance to the stars ... from his own observations Gersonides refuted Ptolemy s model in what the notable physicist Yuval ... to Copernican heliocentrism Copernicus heliocentric model . Ne eman argued that after Gersonides reviewed ... . The results of his observations did not fit Ptolemy s model at all. Gersonides concluded that the model ..., of course, by Nicolaus Copernicus Copernicus three centuries later, but Gersonides was the first and only ... more details
BLP sources date April 2009 Jacob J. Staub is a rabbi, author and poet. In 1977 he was ordained as a rabbi at the Reconstructionist Rabbinical College . He was Academic Dean of the Reconstructionist Rabbinical College 1989 2004, and the editor of the Reconstructionist magazine 1983 89. In 2009 he was Professor of Jewish Philosophy and Spirituality and Chair of the Department of Medieval Jewish Civilization at the Reconstructionist Rabbinic College. In 1998, he founded at RRC the first program in Jewish Spiritual Direction at a rabbinical seminary, and he continues to direct it. He has written two books on Gersonides philosophy of creation and Reconstructionist Judaism . He has written essays on Mordecai Kaplan s thought. Bibliography The Creation of the World According to Gersonides Brown Judaic Studies, 1982 Exploring Judaism, A Reconstructionist Approach Reconstructionist Press, 2000 , with Rebecca T. Alpert Kaplan and Process Theology, Goldsmith, E.S, Scult,M and Seltzer, R.M. eds. , The American Judaism of Mordecai M. Kaplan, New York University Press, 1990. References Reflist www.rrc.edu site c.iqLPIWOEKrF b.1778709 k.9A21 Jacob J Staub PhD.htm www.forward.com authors jacob j staub Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Staub, Jacob ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Staub, Jacob Category Year of birth missing living people Category Living people Category American Reconstructionist rabbis Category 20th century rabbis Category 21st century rabbis Category State University of New York alumni Category Temple University alumni Category American academics Category American poets Category Jewish American writers US rabbi stub ... more details
The term Jewish Science may refer to any of the following this is a crosslink page not a dab page with many wikilinks Wissenschaft des Judentums , the science of Judaism as a critical scholarly approach to understanding Jewish texts which flourished in the 19th century, and which underlies modern academic Jewish studies Jewish Science , founded by Alfred G. Moses, Morris Lichtenstein Morris & Tehilla Lichtenstein in 1916, as a Jewish philosophy developed in response and to counterweight the Christian elements of Christian Science and New Thought which hold very similar beliefs but strictly maintains its Jewish identity. Jewish Physics J dische Physik , a discriminatory term in the Nazi era and antonym of the German phrase Deutsche Physik German Physics . Jewish Science is sometimes also used in reference to the secular scholarship of some Jews in the Middle Ages , such as Abraham bar Hiyya , Abraham ibn Ezra ibn Ezra , Gersonides , Abraham Zacuto , etc. crosslink ... more details
Gerson ben Solomon of Arles flourished in the second half of the 13th century was a Provence Proven al Jewish philosopher he is said to be the father of Gersonides . He was the author of Sha ar ha Shamayim Venice, 1547 R delsheim, 1801 , a sort of encyclopedia divided into three parts, treating 1 of natural phenomena, metals, plants, animals, and man 2 of astronomy, principally extracted from Alfergani and the Almagest and 3 of metaphysics, taken from the Moreh Nebukim of Maimonides . References Leopold Zunz , Benjamin of Tudela , ii. 259 Moritz Steinschneider , Cat. Bodl. col. 1014 idem, in R. E. J. v. 278 Sachs, Kerem emed, viii. 157 Monatsschrift, 1879, pp. 20 et seq. Ernest Renan Adolf Neubauer , Les Rabbins Fran ais , pp. 589 et seq. Gross, Gallia Judaica, p. 82. External links http www.jewishencyclopedia.com view.jsp?artid 180&letter G Source JewishEncyclopedia DEFAULTSORT Gershon Ben Solomon Of Arles Category Jewish philosophers Category Encyclopedists fa ... more details
. Gersonides Rabbi Levi ben Gershom , the Jewish philosopher who acts as Olivier de Noyen s mentor .... In fact, it is disputed among historians whether Gersonides was still alive at that time. Gersonides ... more details
Gershon can refer to any of the following Gershon , son of Levi in the Torah As a surname Pini Gershon born 1951 , Israeli basketball coach Gina Gershon born 1962 , American actress Grant Gershon born 1960 , American pianist, conductor, chorus master Michael D. Gershon , American neurobiologist The Second Brain Nina Gershon born 1940 , American jurist Peter Gershon , British business executive and civil servant Yitzhak Gershon born 1958 , Israeli general As a given name Gershon Agron 1894 1959 , mayor of Jerusalem 1955 59 Gershon Kingsley 1922 , German American composer Gershon Legman 1917 99 , American folklorist Gershon Mendeloff Ted Kid Lewis 1893 1970 , English world champion Hall of Fame welterweight boxer Gershon Sirota 1874 1943 , Polish cantor Other Gersonides 1288 1344 , French rabbi also known as Levi ben Gershon The Gershon Review 2004 2005 of public sector expenditure in the UK by Sir Peter Gershon See also Gershonite Gershom disambig Category Surnames de Gerson fr Gershon ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Gerson ben Solomon Catalan was a Jewish author who lived at Arles , France in the middle of the thirteenth century. He died, possibly at Perpignan , toward the end of the thirteenth century. According to Abraham Zacuto and others, he was the father of Gersonides Levi ben Gerson Gersonides . Catalan compiled, about 1280, an encyclopedia entitled Sha ar ha Shamayim Door of Heaven , which contains many quotations and even whole treatises from previous translations of works written in Arabic. Following Shem Tov ibn Falaquera , he divided his work into three parts, dealing respectively with 1 physics, including a chapter on dreams 2 astronomy, taken chiefly from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Kathir al Farghani Al Fargani and 3 theology or metaphysics, which part, as Catalan expressly says, contains nothing new, but is a copy of Maimonides Book of the Soul . The Greek authors cited are Alexander of Aphrodisias , Aristotle , Empedocles , Galen , Hippocrates , Homer , Plato , Ptolemy , Pythagoras , Themistius , and Theophrastus the Arabic Ali ibn Abbas al Magusi , Ali ibn Ridwan , Averroes , Avicenna , Costa ibn Lucca , Al Farabi , Al Fergani, Chonain , Isaac Israeli , Ibn Tufail , and Ibn Zuhr . The work was published in Venice in 1547 and R delheim in 1801. Bibliography Moritz Steinschneider Steinschneider, Moritz , Catalogus Librorum Hebr orum in Bibliotheca Bodleiana , col. 1014 &mdash , Hebr ische bersetzungen , pp. 9 et seq. Henri Gross Gross, Henri , in Monatsschrift , xxx 20 et seq. &mdash , Gallia Judaica . Paris Libraire L opold Cerf, 1897 Senior Sachs , Kerem Chemed , viii 153 et seq. Giovanni Bernardo De Rossi Rossi, Giovanni Bernardo de and C.H. Hamberger Hamberger, C.H. , Historisches W rterbuch der J dischen Schriftsteller , p. 69 Revue des tudes Juives , v. 278, xvi, 186 A number of citations are to be found in David Kaufmann , Die Sinne . See index. JewishEncyclopedia article Catalan, Gerson b. Solomon author Richard Gottheil and Meyer ... more details
, of Levi ben Gershom , or Gersonides , or RaLBaG , 1288 1344 is a religious, astronomical ... Feldman in 3 volumes Philadelphia Jewish Publication Society, 1984, 1987, 1999 As Gersonides tells ... more details
Menachem Kellner 1946 is a contemporary Jewish scholar of medieval Jewish philosophy with a particular focus on the philosophy of Maimonides . He is Professor of Jewish Thought at the University of Haifa and has taught courses in philosophy, religious studies and medieval and modern Jewish philosophy at Washington University in St. Louis , the College of William and Mary , the University of Virginia and the University of Haifa . He is probably best known for his book Must A Jew Believe Anything? which was a Koret Jewish Book Award finalist. Biography He was born in Albany, New York in 1946, and studied at the Hebrew Theological College in Skokie, Illinois and Yeshiva Mercaz HaRav in Jerusalem, Israel . He studied philosophy and Jewish philosophy at Washington University receiving a BA, Masters and a PhD. His PhD. dissertation was directed by Steven Schwarzschild . In 1980 he made aliyah to Israel. Publications Books Dogma in Medieval Jewish Thought From Maimonides to Abravanel 1986 Maimonides on Human Perfection 1990 Maimonides on Judaism and the Jewish People 1991 Maimonides on the Decline of the Generations and the Nature of Rabbinic Authority 1996 Must A Jew Believe Anything? 1999 Maimonides Confrontation with Mysticism 2006 Translations He is the translator of Isaac Abravanel s Principles of Faith, Gersonides Commentary on Song of Songs, and Maimonides Book of Love. References http hcc.haifa.ac.il Departments jewish history philosophy staff mkellner.htm External links Who is the Person Whom Rambam Says Can be Consecrated as the Holy of Holies, Seforim Blog http seforim.traditiononline.org index.cfm Menachem 20Kellner Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Kellner, Menachem ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1946 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Kellner, Menachem Category 1946 births Category Washington University in St. Louis alumni Category Hebrew University of Jerusalem alumni Category New York University alum ... more details
Unreferenced date March 2010 This is a list of philosophers of religion. David Nieto St. Thomas Aquinas Yi yah Qafi Adi Shankara Joseph ibn Tzaddik Fethullah Gulen Isaac Cardoso Al Ghazali David Kimhi Aleksei Losev David ibn Merwan al Mukkamas Vasily Rozanov Dmitry Merezhkovsky Isaac Orobio de Castro Pavel Florensky Jedaiah ben Abraham Bedersi Sergei Bulgakov Samuel ibn Tibbon Vladimir Solovyov philosopher Vladimir Solovyov Alvin Plantinga Jacob Abendana Robert M. Price Augustine of Hippo Isaac Nathan ben Kalonymus Baruch Spinoza David Hume Emanuel Swedenborg Isaac ibn Latif G. K. Chesterton Isaac Canpanton Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel John Hick Aaron ben Elijah Karl Marx Huston Smith Jos Faur Maimonides Paul Tillich Edward Wierenga Salomon Maimon S ren Kierkegaard William James Joseph ben Abraham Peter Abelard Leon of Modena Anselm of Canterbury Boethius John Duns Scotus Jeshua ben Judah Gersonides Hai Gaon Solomon ibn Gabirol Yeshayahu Leibowitz Saadia Gaon Bahya ibn Paquda Isaac Alfasi Jacob Anatoli Shem Tov ibn Falaquera Moses Narboni Isaac ben Sheshet Hoter ben Shlomo Elia del Medigo Joseph Solomon Delmedigo Yaakov Oliveira Category Lists of philosophers Category Philosophy related lists Category Religion related lists fr Liste des philosophes de la religion ... more details
Immanuel ben Jacob Bonfils 1300 ? 1377 was a Jewish mathematician and astronomer. He lived in Orange, Vaucluse Orange , later in Tarascon . He studied astronomy and mathematics from works of Gersonides Levi Gershom and Al Battani . In 1365 had published astronomical tables Six wings lang he , including, besides common astronomical information, the data for the Jewish calendar calculations were used up to XVIIth century . Bonfils was the first European mathematician who has published in the treatise Way to division , lang he the general theory of decimal fraction s. However before works of Simon Stevin this theory hasn t received distribution. He had translated a number of books from Latin to Hebrew. Some his works had been translated to Latin and in Byzantium to Greek. Works Wings of Eagle, lang he , in six books. Other name Six wings, lang he . The main astronomical work of Bonfils. Way to division, lang he a course of decimal arithmetics, including decimal fractions. References Gandz, S. The invention of the decimal fractions and the application of the exponential calculus by Immanuel Bonfils of Tarascon c. 1350 , Isis 25 1936 , 16 45. P. Solon The Six Wings of J. Bonfils and Michael Chrysokokkes , in Centaurus, 15 1970 1 20 External links http www.jewishencyclopedia.com articles 3530 bonfils immanuel ben jacob BONFILS, IMMANUEL BEN JACOB in Jewish Encyclopedia. http sceti.library.upenn.edu sceti ljs PageLevel view.cfm?option view&ManID ljs204 Six Wings. Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1300 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 1377 PLACE OF DEATH Category 1300 births Category 1377 deaths Category 14th century mathematicians Category French mathematicians Category French astronomers de Immanuel ben Jacob Bonfils ru , ... more details
lunar crater data latitude 34.7 N or S S longitude 23.6 E or W E diameter 81 km depth 3.5 km colong 336 eponym Gersonides Levi Ben Gershon Rabbi Levi is a Moon lunar impact crater that is located among the rugged highlands in the southeastern part of the Moon s near side. Several notable craters are located nearby, including Zagut crater Zagut just to the north northwest, the heavily impacted Riccius crater Riccius to the southeast, and Lindenau crater Lindenau to the northeast next to Zagut. This is a heavily worn and eroded crater formation, with several smaller craters lying along the incised rim and across the interior floor. A group of these craters form a cluster in the western part of the floor, consisting of the satellite craters A, L, M, and D, as well as lesser craterlets trailing away to the south southeast. The largest of these craters is Rabbi Levi L, a bowl shaped formation just to the northwest of the mid point. The remainder of the floor is relatively level and nearly featureless. Clusters of craters also lay across the eastern and southwestern sections of the rim. Attached to the northeast is the remnant of an old formation that intrudes into Rabbi Levi, producing a straightened section of rim along that face. This unnamed formation has been almost completely obliterated, and is overlain in the northwest by Lindenau, and along the outer northeast side by Rothmann crater Rothmann . The crater is named after the Medieval Jewish scholar Gersonides . Satellite craters By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater mid point that is closest to Rabbi Levi. class wikitable width 25 style background eeeeee Rabbi br Levi width 25 style background eeeeee Latitude width 25 style background eeeeee Longitude width 25 style background eeeeee Diameter align center A align center 34.3 S align center 22.7 E align center 12 km align center B align center 34.5 S align center 24.8 E align center ... more details
. Here he sides with Maimonides against Gersonides. God s providence embraces directly and indirectly ... rejects the theories of Maimonides and Gersonides on this point. Love, not knowledge intellectual ..., and Gersonides counter reasoning is so inconclusive, that Crescas regards the denial of creation ... more details
About the philosophical opus of the same name by Levi ben Gershom Gersonides the treatise of the same name defending Rambam s philosophy Avraham son of Rambam the legal treatise of the same name by Ramban Nahmanides The Book of the Wars of the LORD is one of several non canonical books referenced in the Bible which have now been Lost work completely lost . ref http www.aishdas.org toratemet en torah.html Student, Gil. On the Authorship of the Torah. Aishdas.org The author writes So far, we have seen the talmudic and midrashic evidence that the forefathers, including Moshe, wrote books other than the Torah that were maintained and studied. However, there is also much internal evidence that there were other books written. Consider the following verses, after which the author cites as examples of lost books bibleref Exodus 17 14 words written in remembrance of the destruction of Amalek , bibleref Exodus 24 7 Book of the Covenant , bibleref Numbers 11 26 recorded ones , bibleref Numbers 21 14 Book of the Wars of the LORD , and bibleref Numbers 33 2 Journeys . ref It is mentioned in bibleref Numbers 21 14&ndash 15 , which reads From there they set out and camped on the other side of the Arnon , which is in the desert and bounding the Amorite territory. For Arnon is the border of Moab , between Moab and the Amorites. That is why the Book of the Wars of the LORD says ... Waheb in Suphah and the ravines of Arnon, and at the stream of the ravines that lead to the dwelling of Ar, which lies along the border of Moab. Amongst academics who date June 2009 , it is generally thought to be a collection of victory songs or poetry poems , Citation needed date March 2009 although some readers who date June 2009 have suggested it may be a prose military history . It has been suggested by the theology theologian Joseph Barber Lightfoot that the book was one and the same as the mysterious biblical Book of Jasher biblical references Book of Jasher . The Book of the Wars of the LORD is cited ... more details
The Soncino Books of the Bible is a set of Hebrew Bible commentaries, covering the whole Tanakh Old Testament in fourteen volumes, published by the Soncino Press . The first volume to appear was Psalms in 1945, and the last was Books of Chronicles Chronicles in 1952. The series was edited by Abraham Cohen editor Rev. Dr. Abraham Cohen . Each volume contains the Hebrew language Hebrew and English texts of the Hebrew Bible in parallel columns, with a running commentary below them. The Hebrew text in Psalms is that of C. D. Ginsburg s earlier 1894 edition. This led to protests, since Ginsburg had Apostasy In Judaism converted to Christianity , so subsequent volumes used a completely reset copy of Meir Letteris second 1866 edition of the Hebrew text. Both Hebrew texts are scrupulous versions of the Masoretic Text , so the differences between them are small. The English translation is the Jewish Publication Society of America Version of 1917. First edition The commentary in the first edition of the series drew mainly upon classical Jewish sources see below , but also drew upon the best of early to mid 20th century Bible scholarship, including the work of Christian expositors. The only exception was the Soncino Humash Chumash , covering the Torah and Haftara s, first published in 1947 and frequently reprinted. It was felt that to have a modern commentary in that book would unnecessarily duplicate the book The Pentateuch and Haftarahs edited by Chief Rabbi Joseph H. Hertz , also published by the Soncino Press. Thus instead there was a summary of the views of the most important medieval Jewish commentators, such as Abraham ibn Ezra , Rashi , Nachmanides Ramban , Radak , Sforno and Ralbag Gersonides . Second edition A second edition of all books other than the Soncino Chumash appeared in the 1990s, edited by Rabbi Abraham J. Rosenberg , a disciple of Rabbi Moshe Feinstein who had previously done a Bible commentary for Judaica Press and a Mishnah commentary for Artscroll . re ... more details
Abraham Lichtstein lang he was a Poland Polish rabbi and Talmud ist. He served as the Beth Din Officers of a beth din Av Beis Din of Przasnysz , Poland ref name sefer cite web url http translate.googleusercontent.com translate c?hl en&sl iw&u http www.hebrewbooks.org 20480&prev search 3Fq 3Davraham 2Blichtenstein 2Bkanfei 26hl 3Den 26safe 3Dactive&rurl translate.google.com&usg ALkJrhhW 1vBVVcCS2ZT9nZm9GZ9AxCsTg title Sefer Kanfei Nesharim year 2010 accessdate 2010 06 14 publisher The Society for Preservation of Hebrew Books ref and authored a commentary on the Pentateuch entitled Kanfei Nesharim lang he , Wings of Eagles . Lichtstein was born in Bia ystok at the end of the eighteenth century. He was the son of Rabbi Eliezer Lipman Lichtstein and grandson of Rabbi Kalman of Bia ystok. His major work, Kanfei Nesharim , was published in Warsaw in 1881. ref name sefer The Sefer Hebrew sefer is divided into several parts, each with a separate name Kiryat Sefer , an introduction to each book of the Pentateuch To aliyyot ha Ralbag , a treatment of the doctrines deduced by Gersonides from passages of the Torah Abach Soferim , miscellanea Machazeh Abraham , consisting of sermons on each section of the Torah Ner Mitzvah , a treatment of the number of the precepts according to Maimonides Shiyyure Mi wah , a treatment of the additional precepts according to Nahmanides , Moses ben Jacob of Coucy , and Isaac ben Joseph of Corbeil Milchemet Mitzvah , on the disputes among various authorities concerning the numbering of the precepts by Maimonides Torat ha orbanot , on the Book of Leviticus Levitical laws of offerings and on the order of the Kohen Gadol High Priest s service in the Temple in Jerusalem Sanctuary on Yom Kippur Sha arei Tziyyon , orations on theological subjects The whole work was published together with the text of the Pentateuch Josefow, 1829 and republished without the text Vilna, 1894 . Lichtstein also authored a commentary on the Sefer h ... more details
Jacob ben Abraham Faitusi d. July 1812, Algiers was a Tunisian Jewish scholar. He settled in the later part of his life at Jerusalem , whence he was sent as a collector of alms to Italy and Algeria. Faitusi was the author of Berit Ya aqob Livorno, 1800 , the contents of which were as follows sermons Bezalel Ashkenazi s Shittah Mequbbetzet on Sotah , with the editor s notes, entitled Yagel Ya aqob glosses of the Geonim on the Talmud ical treatises Nedarim and Nazir Talmud Nazir , with the editor s notes commentaries on Nazir by Abraham ben Musa Sha are Tzedeq, a commentary, attributed to Gersonides Levi ben Gershon , on the thirteen hermeneutic rules of Ishmael ben Elisha Rabbi Ishmael novella novell on Chullin and Pesachim and poems, entitled Qontres Acharon. Faitusi wrote also Yerek Ya aqob Livorno, 1842 , sermons arranged in the order of the Sabbatical sections, with an appendix entitled Ya ir Kokab mi Ya aqob, containing novell and responsa . He also edited Mizbach Kapparah of Nahmanides Nachmanides Bezalel Ashkenazi s Shittah Mequbbetzet on Zebahim Zebachim and various tosafot of Perez ben Elijah Rabbi Perez , Eliezer of Touques , and others on several Talmudical treatises, with an appendix entitled Ranenu le Ya aqob Livorno 1810 containing Talmudic novell and sermons by Jacob republished with additions by Saul ha Levi, Lemberg, 1861 Sefer Mar eh ha Ofannim Livorno, 1810 , containing Asher ben Jehiel s novell on Sotah, Aharon HaLevi Aaron ha Levi s Shittah on Betzah , and an appendix entitled Yagel Ya aqob, containing novell on Pesachim , Betzah, Rosh Hashanah , Mo ed Katan , Avodah Zarah , and Makkot . Bibliography Graziadio Nepi Nepi, Graziadio and Mordecai Ghirondi Ghirondi, Mordecai , Toledot Gedole Yisrael , p. 211 Moritz Steinschneider Steinschneider, Moritz , Catalogus Librorum Hebr orum in Bibliotheca Bodleiana col. 1210 Joseph Zedner Zedner, Joseph , Catalogue of the Hebrew Books in the British Museum , p. 247 David Caz s Caz s, David , Notes Bibli ... more details
Catalan s conjecture occasionally now referred to as Mih ilescu s theorem is a theorem in number theory that was conjectured by the mathematician Eug ne Charles Catalan in 1844 and proven in 2002 by Preda Mih ilescu . 2 sup 3 sup and 3 sup 2 sup are two perfect power power s of natural number s, whose values 8 and 9 respectively are consecutive. The conjecture states that this is the only case of two consecutive powers. That is to say, that the only Diophantine equation solution in the natural numbers of x sup a sup &minus y sup b sup 1 for x , a , y , b > 1 is x 3, a 2, y 2, b 3. History The history of the problem dates back at least to Gersonides , who proved a special case of the conjecture in 1343 where x and y were restricted to be 2 or 3. In 1976, Robert Tijdeman applied methods from the theory of transcendental number s to show that there is an effectively computable constant C so that the exponentiation exponents of all consecutive powers are less than C. As the results of a number of other mathematicians collectively had established a bound for the base dependent only on the exponents, this resolved Catalan s conjecture for all but a finite number of cases. However, the finite calculation required to complete the proof of the theorem was nonetheless too time consuming to perform. Catalan s conjecture was proved by Preda Mih ilescu in April 2002, so it is now sometimes called Mih ilescu s theorem . The proof was published in the Journal f r die reine und angewandte Mathematik , 2004. It makes extensive use of the theory of cyclotomic field s and Galois module s. An exposition of the proof was given by Yuri Bilu in the S minaire Bourbaki . Pillai s conjecture Pillai s conjecture concerns a general difference of perfect powers OEIS id A001597 . It states that each positive integer occurs only finitely many times as a difference of perfect powers. It is an open problem and is named for S. S. Pillai . Paul Erd s conjectured that there is some positive constant ... more details
File Zeitlin.jpg right 200px Hillel Zeitlin 1871 1942 was a Yiddish and Hebrew writer who edited the Yiddish newspaper Moment , among other literary activities. He was born in the Mohilev District of White Russia to a Chassidic Chabad family and already in his childhood he was recognized for his particularly sharp and analytical mind. When Zeiltin turned 15, his father died and he decided to become a Hebrew teacher. His exit from the world of the Yeshiva exposed him to the works of the great scholars of the Age of Enlightenment Enlightenment . He began studying in earnest the works of both Jewish Philosophers Maimonides , Gersonides , Spinoza etc. and non Jewish ones such as Schopenhauer , Nietzsche and others. During this period in his life he began questioning his religious beliefs and eventually drifted toward secularism. Zeitlin also grew close to the Jewish Territorialist Organization territorialist movement and lent his support to the British Uganda Programme Uganda proposal . Zeitlin was of the opinion that it would be impossible to settle in Palestine without removing the half a million Palestinian Arabs and so the Zionist proposals would fail. ref Shapira, Anita 1999 Land and Power The Zionist Resort to Force, 1881 1948. Stanford University press, ISBN 0 8047 3776 2 p 46 ref He was a practical territorialist and his writings took on more urgency after the notorious pogroms in Kishinev and Homel . After World War I, Zeitlin gradually drifted back toward tradition and began leading an Orthodox lifestyle. The reason s for this drastic change in his life is not completely clear but may have had something to do with the suffering of Jews during the war. At the same time, Zeitlin remained independent and unconventional in his beliefs and actions. He did not for instance hesitate to eulogize his former friend, the great writer and thinker, Yosef Haim Brenner who was an ardent secularist. When the Nazis began liquidating Polish Jewry in 1942, Zeitlin was 71 years o ... more details
Ibid date October 2011 Solomon ben Jeroham , in Arabic Sulaym ibn Ruhaym , was a Karaite exegete and controversialist who flourished at Jerusalem between 940 and 960. He was considered one of the greatest authorities among the Karaites, by whom he is called the Wise HaHakham , and who mention him after Benjamin Nahawendi in their prayers for their dead great teachers Karaite Siddur , i. 137b . His principal work, one of several treatises entitled Milhamoth Adonai , was an attack on Saadia Gaon . ref Leon Nemoy Karaite anthology, excerpts from the early literature 1969 SALMON BEN JEROHAM Salmon ben Jeroham Arabic Sulayman, or Sulaym, ibn Ruhaym was born in Palestine ? or in Iraq ? probably some time between the years 910 and 915. As a young man, presumably about his twentieth year, he appears to have gone to Egypt to pursue his studies. For some years afterward he seems to have lived in Jerusalem in any case, he exhibits in his writings a familiarity with the topography of Jerusalem and the geography of the Holy Land that can only have been acquired from personal experience and observation. ref Response to Saadia In a work entitled Mil amot Adonai, not to be confused with books of the same title by Gersonides and Avraham son of Rambam of which he produced also an Arabic language Arabic version that is no longer in existence, Solomon counters the Rabbinites, especially Saadia . It is written in verse and is divided into 19 chapters, each of which contains 22 four lined strophes. After having endeavored in the first two chapters to demonstrate the groundlessness of the oral tradition, he refutes the seven arguments advanced in its behalf by Saadia in the introduction to his commentary on the Pentateuch . Then he criticizes Saadia s views on the Hebrew calendar , the laws concerning incest, the celebration of the second days of the feasts, etc., and accuses him of terms of having, in his polemics against the Karaites, used arguments which are in direct opposition to the ... more details
Rabbi Kerry M. Olitzky is the Executive Director of the Jewish Outreach Institute, a United States independent organization dedicated to bringing Judaism to interfaith families and the unaffiliated. Career Formerly, he served as vice president of the Wexner Foundation Wexner Heritage Foundation , the premier adult Jewish learning and Jewish leadership program in North America. Previously, he was national Dean of Adult Jewish Learning and Living of the Hebrew Union College Hebrew Union College Jewish Institute of Religion where he served on the faculty and administration for 15 years following his tenure at Congregation Beth Israel West Hartford, Connecticut Congregation Beth Israel in West Hartford, Connecticut . Rabbi Olitzky is a leader in the development of innovative Jewish education, particularly for adults, he has shaped training programs for clergy of all faiths, especially in the area of pastoral care and counseling in the Jewish community. He has done pioneering work in the area of Jewish Twelve Step spirituality, as well as Jewish Gerontology . Rabbi Olitzky also serves as a fellow and consultant to Synagogue 3000 and is a partner with the Kalsman Institute on Judaism and Health at HUC JIR. Commentaries Together with professor Leonard S. Kravitz , Olitzky has authored a series of Jewish commentaries on the Bible Tanakh commentaries . Their commentaries draw on classical Jewish works such as the Mishnah , Talmud , Targum s , the midrash literature, and also the classical Jewish bible commentators such as Gersonides , Rashi and Abraham ibn Ezra . These commentaries take into account modern scholarship while these books take note of some findings of Higher criticism higher textual criticism , these are not academic books using source criticism to deconstruct the Tanakh . Rather, their purpose is educational, and Jewishly inspirational, and as such do not follow the path of classical Reform scholars, or the more secular projects such as the Anchor Bible series ... more details
this influence. Gersonides believed that astrology was real, and developed a naturalistic, non supernatural explanation of how it works. In Philosophies of Judaism , Julius Guttmann explains that for Gersonides .... blockquote Gersonides believed astrology to be a science that predicts events according to set ... who has perfected his thinking could interact with the laws of nature through the active intellect. Gersonides ..., there is a similarity between Gersonides and Maimonides. Nahmanides wrote a responsa stating ... &ndash A New Approach, Numen 47 1 2000 , pp. 1 40. The Jewish Encyclopedia 1906 , Astrology Gersonides ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
