The Younger Dryas impacthypothesis or Clovis comet hypothesis was the hypothesis hypothesized large air burst or earth impact event impact of an object or objects from outer space that initiated the Younger ... title The Younger Dryas impacthypothesis A requiem year 2011 last1 Pinter first1 Nicholas ... Dryas impacthypothesis journal Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A volume issue pages year 2012 month ... Dryas impacthypothesis was found in lake bed cores dating to12,900 BP. The evidence included ... Evidence from central Mexico supporting the Younger Dryas extraterrestrial impacthypothesis journal ... of the bolide impacthypothesis as the cause of the Younger Dryas and the megafaunal extinction ... ka ET ImpactHypothesis and North American Paleoindians journal Current Anthropology volume 51 issue ... K title Paleoindian demography and the extraterrestrial impacthypothesis journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci ... impacthypothesis journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. volume 106 issue 43 pages 18155 ... dryas impacthypothesis title The Younger Dryas ImpactHypothesis publisher Scientific American Blog ..., et al. title Evidence for an extraterrestrial impact 12,900 years ago that contributed to the megafaunal ... url ref The hypothesis has been largely discredited by research that showed that most of the conclusions ... evidence. ref cite journal doi 10.1126 science.329.5996.1140 title Mammoth Killer Impact Flunks Out ... Reviews volume 106 issue 3 4 pages 247 ref The hypothesized impact event scenario stated that the air burst s or impact s of a swarm of Chondrite Carbonaceous chondrites carbonaceous chondrites or comet ... above or possibly on the Laurentide Ice Sheet in the region of the Great Lakes , though no impact ... than the Tunguska event of 1908. The hypothesis proposed that animal and human life in North America ... on the burned surface of the continent. Evidence The evidence claimed for an impact event includes ... 3 interpreted as evidence of an impact event, at the very bottom of the black mat of organic material ... more details
Chiemgau impacthypothesis is an Superseded scientific theories obsolete scientific theory that claimed the T ttensee lake in southern Bavaria , Germany to be the result of an Holocene meteorite impact. This claim has been refuted by geological research and the finding of a soil horizon of undisturbed peat and sedimentation since the end of the Last glacial period W rm glaciation, in the Alps last glaciation period . ref Bavarian State Agency for the Environment http www.lfu.bayern.de presse pm detail.php?ID 441 Neue Altersdaten Kein Kelten Komet im Chiemgau , Press release August 24, 2010 german ref ref Ernst Kroemer http www.lfu.bayern.de geologie doc tuettensee datierungen kurztext kea end.pdf Sedimententnahme und Datierungen in der Verlandungszone des T ttensees , Landesamt f r Umwelt, August 2010 german ref The lake is in fact one of many Kettle landform kettle s under the foothills of the Bavarian alps. ref G. Doppler, E. Geiss http www.lfu.bayern.de geologie meteorite doc tuettensee.pdf Der T ttensee im Chiemgau Toteiskessel statt Impaktkrater , Bavarian State Agency of Geology, June 2005 ref The claims of an impact crater had been raised by a team of hobby archaeologists, calling themselves the CIRT Chiemgau impact research team , ref http www.chiemgau impact.com The Chiemgau Impact the claims by the Chiemgau impact research team ref and have resulted in some media reports in Germany and discussions in the local tourism industry, but are not accepted beyond the CIRT team today. References references Category Obsolete scientific theories Category History of earth science Category Traunstein district de Chiemgau Einschlag it Campo di crateri del Chiemgau zh ... more details
Wiktionarypar impactImpact may refer to In science Impact mechanics , a high force or shock mechanics over a short time period Impact crater , a meteor crater caused by an impact event Impact event , the collision of a meteoroid, asteroid or comet with Earth Impact factor , a measure of the citations to a science or social science journal references In computing IMPACT computer graphics , a computer graphics architecture for Silicon Graphics computer workstations Impact Finite Element Program , an open source finite element program In film, television, and radio Impact TV programme Impact , BBC World News weekday programme presented by Mishal Husain or Lyse Doucet . Impact 1949 film Impact 1949 film , a 1949 film noir starring Brian Donlevy and Ella Raines Impact TV miniseries Impact TV mini series , a 2008 television mini series starring Natasha Henstridge and David James Elliott Impact ... Impact , the student newspaper for the University of Bath Students Union, England Impact action entertainment magazine Impact action entertainment magazine , a monthly action entertainment magazine that focus on Asian action cinema and anime Impact EC Comics Impact EC Comics , a 1955 EC Comics comic book Impact Image Comics , an Image Comics comic book character Impact novel Impact novel , a 2010 novel by Douglas Preston Impact student magazine Impact student magazine , a student magazine for the University of Nottingham, England Impact Comics , a DC Comics imprint Impact Press , an Orlando, Florida based magazine In music Impact Records , an American record label Organizations IMPACT organisation ... disability Impact Miniatures , a company producing 28mm wargaming figures International Multilateral ... Montreal Impact , a soccer football team in Major League Soccer , the top tier of North American professional soccer Montreal Impact 1992 2011 , predecessor to the above team, that played in several second level North American leagues during its history Other Impact typeface , a sans serif typeface ... more details
This article is on the international collaboration called IMPACT. For the charitable organisation, see IMPACT organisation . For the Irish trade union, see Irish Municipal, Public and Civil Trade Union . For the television show, see Impact Wrestling . IMPACT International Multi user Plasma physics Plasma , Atmospheric and Cosmic dust Twin laboratory is a successful merger of many different science communities that need similar instrumentation and resources. IMPACT is a merger of IMPF International Microgravity Plasma Facility and ICAPS Interactions in universe Cosmic and Atmospheric Particle Systems , originally conceived as two separate experimental facilities, both with their own development history. In May 2002, the dedicated scientific advisory boards for the IMPF and ICPAS recommended the combination of the two experiments into one ESA research laboratory. Both projects share hardware, space station accommodation and operations, and data processing and downloading functions in common. By consolidating these systems into a single laboratory significant reductions have been made to the overall project cost, by eliminating the duplication of expensive development, manufacturing, and qualification tasks. Scientific goals IMPACT will be designed to serve a wide range of scientific areas. Ranging from Plasma physics plasma physics to atmospheric physics and dust particle physics . Items that will be studied are Complex Plasma physics plasmas both radio frequency RF and direct current DC controlled in the strongly coupled regime, when electrostatic forces between particles are much ... gas. Science precursors The complexity of the IMPACT facility has led to several precursor instruments ... to perform on IMPACT. Currently, two precursors, PK 4 Plasmakristallexperiment 4 , related to complex ..., are under development. IMPACT is envisioned to be launched in 2009. External links http www.spaceflight.esa.int users file.cfm?filename fac iss col impact ESA Human Spaceflight Category Plasma ... more details
wiktionary GiantgiantGiant or Giants may refer to Giant mythology Giants Norse mythology Giants Welsh folklore Giants esotericism tocright Arts and entertainment Giant novel Giant novel , a 1952 novel by Edna Ferber Giant 1956 film Giant 1956 film , a film adaptation of Ferber s novel Giant musical Giant musical , a 2009 musical adaptation of Ferber s novel Giant 2009 film Giant 2009 film , an Uruguayan ... Citizen Kabuto , a third person shooter video game 2000 Giant magazine Giant magazine The Giant Twin Peaks The Giant Twin Peaks , an inhabitant of The Black Lodge in the 1990s television series Judge Giant , two fictional characters in the Judge Dredd comic strip Giant Dungeons & Dragons Giant Dungeons & Dragons , a type of fictional character in games Giant TV series Giant TV series , a 2010 historical ... series In music Giant band , an American melodic hard rock band Giants band , an American post rock band The Giant opera The Giant opera , an opera 1900 by the child Sergei Prokofiev The Giant Dizzy Gillespie album The Giant Dizzy Gillespie album , a 1973 live album by Dizzy Gillespie Giant Herman D ne album Giant Herman D ne album , a 2006 album by Herman D ne Giant The Woodentops album Giant The Woodentops ... album The Giants album , a 1974 album featuring Oscar Peterson, Joe Pass, and Ray Brown The Giant , a song by Stan Rogers Giant , a song on Matthew Good Band s album Beautiful Midnight 1999 Giant , a song on The The s album Soul Mining 1983 Giant , a bonus track on Vampire Weekend s album Contra album Contra Businesses Giant Bicycles , bicycle maker Giant Food disambiguation GIANT Company Software , internet security developer Giant Hypermarket , chain in southern and eastern Asia Giant Records ... Giant, Richmond, California , former unincorporated community Giant Mountain , New York Giant Forest , in Sequoia National Park, California Giant Geyser , in Yellowstone National Park Giant Springs , near Great Falls, Montana Other Giant gymnastics , an artistic gymnastics skill The Giant ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Otheruses Giant disambiguation The Giant is a song by Canadian folk singer songwriter Stan Rogers . The Giant referred to is Fionn mac Cumhaill Fingal , an Ireland Irish Scotland Scottish mythical giant. The song is set in Nova Scotia Nova Scotia s rugged Cape Breton Island , and the lyrics contain enchanting imagery describing the island s landscape. The song also contains quasi pagan imagery, including the suggestion of worshipping the new moon by dancing around a bonfire, although it may be that characters in the song are using the full moon to have a party. In the album Home in Halifax , Stan Rogers claimed that the song was about Guinness. DEFAULTSORT Giant Category Stan Rogers songs Folk song stub ... more details
distinguish Giant disambiguation Giant Image Giant mag Rihanna cover.jpg right thumb 200px May 2007 cover of GIANT magazine featuring recording artist Rihanna. GIANT was a magazine headquartered in New York City New York geared to the urban music market. It began in October 2004 as a bimonthly publication catering to the interests of 20 something men, focusing on pop culture including reviews of video game s, movies , tobacco fine tobacco , music , everyday happenings and celebrity interviews. In August 2006, ref Larry Getlen, A Better Vibe , Wesleyan Wesleyan University alumni magazine , Issue IV 2006, 28 32. p. 32. ref the magazine had a makeover under new editor in chief Smokey Fontaine , ref cite web last Stephanie first Smith authorlink coauthors title Fontaine is Giant Editor in Chief work publisher Media Week date 2006 03 02 url http www.mediaweek.com mw news print article display.jsp?vnu content id 1002114881 format doi accessdate 2007 11 02 archiveurl http web.archive.org web 20070608214705 http www.mediaweek.com mw news print article display.jsp?vnu content id 1002114881 Bot retrieved archive archivedate 2007 06 08 ref formerly of the hip hop magazine America . Under his leadership, the magazine began to focus on music, lifestyle, and entertainment for the urban culture urban reader. Currently, the standing Editor In Chief is Emil Wilbekin. Recent covers have included Beyonc Knowles Beyonc , Pharell , Sean Combs Diddy , The Killers , Ciara , Jennifer Hudson , Janet Jackson , and Eve rapper Eve . The June July issue offered two covers one of R&B artist Robin Thicke ... graced the cover. Along with the magazine, GIANT s website serves as a blog for GIANT readers to get ... Citation last The Write News first author link last2 first2 author2 link title Radio One Buys Giant Magazine date year url http www.writenews.com wnews.php?zone 210071 accessdate ref GIANT was Radio One ... External links http www.giantmag.com GIANT website Radio One DEFAULTSORT Giant Category Radio ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2011 Named after the Hindu god of destruction, the Shiva Hypothesis is a hypothesis that purports to explain an apparent pattern in mass extinctions caused by impact event s. The hypothesis, created by Michael Rampino of New York University , says that gravitational disturbances caused by the Solar System crossing the plane of the Milky Way galaxy are enough to disturb comets in the Oort cloud surrounding the Solar System. This sends comets in towards the inner Solar System, which raises the chance of an impact. According to the hypothesis, this results in the Earth experiencing large impact events about every 30 million years such as the Cretaceous Paleogene extinction event . See also Extinction event Local Bubble Nemesis hypothetical star Tyche hypothetical planet References reflist External links http abob.libs.uga.edu bobk ccc cc020298.html A description of the Shiva hypothesis by Michael Rampino http users.tpg.com.au users tps seti crater.html Asteroid Comet Impact Craters and Mass Extinctions and Shiva Hypothesis of Periodic Mass Extinctions , by Michael Paine http adsabs.harvard.edu abs 1996EM 26P...72..441R The Shiva Hypothesis Impacts, Mass Extinctions, and the Galaxy , by Rampino and Haggerty http adsabs.harvard.edu abs 1998PlR....18....6R The Shiva hypothesis impacts, mass extinctions, and the Galaxy , by Rampino, M. R. http adsabs.harvard.edu abs 1999PPMtO..18..405S The correlation between mas extinctions and impacts of near Earth objects. The review of Shiva hypothesis , by Yang Su, Yi Xia and Yanan Zhang. Category Impact events astronomy stub geology stub disaster stub es Hip tesis Shiva it Ipotesi di Shiva ... more details
The Medea hypothesis is a term coined by paleontologist Peter Ward paleontologist Peter Ward ref Peter Ward paleontologist Peter Ward 2009 , http books.google.com books?id so9ZU88OBrEC&pg PR19 The Medea Hypothesis Is Life on Earth Ultimately Self Destructive? , ISBN 0691130752 ref for the anti Gaia hypothesis Gaian hypothesis that multicellular life , understood as a superorganism , is suicidal in this view microbial triggered Extinction event mass extinctions are attempts to return the Earth to the microbial dominated state it has been for most of its history. ref http www.newscientist.com article mg20227131.400 gaias evil twin is life its own worst enemy.html Gaia s evil twin Is life its own worst enemy? The New Scientist. Volume 202, Issue 2713, 17 June 2009, pages 28&ndash 31 Cover story ref ref Cite web last Bennett first Drake authorlink title Dark green A scientist argues that the natural world isn t benevolent and sustaining it s bent on self destruction work http www.boston.com Boston.Com publisher The Boston Globe date 2009 01 11 url http www.boston.com bostonglobe ideas articles 2009 01 11 dark green format accessdate 2010 02 26 ref ref name Review Cite web last Grey first William authorlink title Gaia theory Reflections on life on earth work http www.australianreview.net ... by a meteor impact . See also Fermi paradox References reflist External links http www.ted.com index.php ... Bright Green 2010 0212 The Medea Hypothesis A response to the Gaia hypothesis 28page 29 1 The Medea Hypothesis A response to the Gaia hypothesis Review of Ward s book, February 12, 2010 . http blogs.scientificamerican.com observations 2010 01 13 paleontologist peter wards medea hypothesis life is out to get you Paleontologist Peter Ward s Medea hypothesis Life is out to get you Scientific American ... hypothesis.html The Medea Hypothesis Review by the Astrobiology Society of Britain . http www.timeshighereducation.co.uk story.asp?storyCode 408337§ioncode 26 The Medea Hypothesis Is Life on Earth ... more details
a hypothesis has been met with varying degrees of enthusiasm. The paper has been cited in over 368 articles in scientific journals , including review articles , tests of the hypothesis using different model species , and expansions and reformulations of the hypothesis. Among the model species on which the hypothesis has been evaluated most recently in its original form are Solidago gigantea giant ...The evolution of increased competitive ability EICA hypothesis was first proposed by Bernd Blossey and Rolf N tzold in 1995 as a way to explain the success of invasive, non indigenous species in particular ... counterparts, according to the hypothesis. ref http www.esf.edu efb parry Blossey Notzold 1995.pdf ref Blossey and N tzold tested their hypothesis on Lythrum salicaria purple loosetrife by potting ... for two years. True to the predictions of the EICA Hypothesis, the plants derived from Ithaca produced ... the success of invasive non indigenous organisms that preceded it, such as the enemy release hypothesis ... generated title ref and Darwin s Habituation Hypothesis, ref Darwin, Charles. On the Origin of Species. Pg. 114 116. Harvard University Press eighteenth printing, 2003 ref the EICA hypothesis postulate ... that it is considered invasive. As suggested by the name of the hypothesis Evolution of Increased Competitive Ability , the hypothesis predicts that much of the invasive potential ... words, the EICA hypothesis presents us Who date April 2012 with a new environmental safety concern ... Hypothesis, according to the researches conducting the study. In its study, the success and behavior of Solidago gigantea was only partially explained by the EICA hypothesis, according to its researchers. Lepidium draba did not seem to follow any of the postulates of the EICA Hypothesis, as the researchers of the study understood them. Through most of the studies done on the EICA Hypothesis see examples ..., that the EICA Hypothesis is too narrow in scope, and should be reworded to place an emphasis on an invasive ... more details
subscription required ref Evidence The evidence for the Alvarez impacthypothesis is supported by Chondrite ...The Alvarez hypothesis claims that the Extinction event mass extinction of the dinosaur s and many other living things was caused by the Impact event impact of a large asteroid on the Earth sixty five ... fell in the Yucat n Peninsula , at Chicxulub, Mexico . The hypothesis is named after the father .... In March 2010 an international panel of scientists endorsed the asteroid hypothesis, specifically the Chicxulub crater Chicxulub impact , as being the cause of the extinction. A team of 41 scientists ... of an impact event, but no evidence had been uncovered at that time. ref cite journal author De Laubenfels, MW title Dinosaur Extinctions One More Hypothesis journal Journal of Paleontology volume ... of an impact event, are common in the K T boundary, especially in deposits from around the Caribbean ... as the debris spread all over the world by the impact. ref name Alvarez The location of the impact was unknown when the Alvarez team developed their hypothesis, but later scientists discovered the Chicxulub crater Chicxulub Crater in the Yucat n Peninsula , now considered the likely impact site ..., about the size of Manhattan. ref name Alvarez Such a large impact would have had approximately ... powerful thermonuclear bomb ever Tsar Bomba tested . Impact The most easily observable consequence of such an impact would be a vast dust cloud which would block sunlight and prevent photosynthesis ... with Impact Events Cockell, C, Gilmour, I & Koeberl, C, editors publisher SpringerLink date 2006 pages ... the most vulnerable survivors of the long winter . The impact may also have produced acid rain , depending ... cite journal author Kring, DA date 2003 title Environmental consequences of impact cratering events ... pmid 12809133 doi 10.1089 153110703321632471 bibcode 2003AsBio...3..133K ref Impact hypotheses can ... than a decade. References Reflist Impact cratering on Earth Category Extinction Category Scientific ... more details
understated impact of the articulata hypothesis. Cuvier s original articulata hypothesis was based ... hypothesis was born. Ref name Waggoner cite author Waggoner, Ben http www.ucmp.berkeley.edu history cuvier.html. 2 14 1996 Ref The articulata hypothesis, simply stated, is the phylogenetic grouping .... This hypothesis further implies that all segmented organisms have a common ancestral origin. Ref name ... 44. Ref Evolution of the Articulata Hypothesis Since its original formulation in 1817, there have been significant challenges and modifications to the articulata hypothesis as new theories have been ... taxa , it strengthened the articulata hypothesis by organizing annelids and arthropods into a clade ... lead to further data supporting the articulata hypothesis but also lead to the development of conflicting ... journal Organisms Diversity & Evolution title The Articulata hypothesis ? Or what is a segment? year ... evolutionary to mollusk. This ecdysozoa hypothesis is generally accepted today as the best supported evolutionary hypothesis for annelids and arthropods. Ref name Aguinaldo cite journal author Aguinaldo ... more details
main Statistical hypothesis testing In statistical hypothesis testing , the alternative hypothesis or maintained hypothesis or research hypothesis and the null hypothesis are the two rival hypotheses which are compared by a statistical hypothesis testing statistical hypothesis test . An example might be where water quality in a stream has been observed over many years and a test is made of the null hypothesis that there is no change in quality between the first and second halves of the data against the alternative hypothesis that the quality is poorer in the second half of the record. In the case of a scalar parameter, there are four principal types of alternative hypothesis a point alternative hypothesis, a one tailed directional alternative hypothesis, a two tailed directional alternative hypothesis, and an non directional alternative hypothesis. Point alternative hypotheses occur when the hypothesis test is framed so that the population distribution under the alternative hypothesis is a fully defined distribution, with no unknown parameters such hypotheses are usually of no practical ... of the Neyman Pearson lemma . A one tailed directional alternative hypothesis is concerned with the region ... hypothesis is concerned with both regions of rejection of the sampling distribution. A non directional alternative hypothesis is not concerned with either region of rejection, but, rather, it is only concerned that null hypothesis is not true. The concept of an alternative hypothesis in testing ... a major component in modern statistical hypothesis testing . However it was not part of Ronald Fisher Ronald Fisher s formulation of statistical hypothesis testing, and he violently opposed its ... whether the observed dataset could have resulted from chance if the null hypothesis were assumed ... statistical hypothesis testing accommodates this type of test since the alternative hypothesis can be just the negation of the null hypothesis. References reflist Statistics Category Hypothesis ... more details
The heartbeat hypothesis postulates that every living creature has a limited number of Cardiac cycle heartbeat s or breath s dubious date November 2011 . The hypothesis is based on two observations. First, that small mammals such as a mouse have rapid resting heart rate compared to a larger mammal such as an elephant , and that their respective lifespans are inversely proportional to those rates. Second, is that athletically fit people tend to have a lower resting heart rate and tend to live longer than unhealthy people. ref cite journal author John R. Speakman title Body size, energy metabolism and lifespan journal Journal of Experimental Biology volume 208 issue Pt 9 year 2005 pages 1717 1730 pmid 15855403 doi 10.1242 jeb.01556 ref In 1926 Raymond Pearl proposed that longevity varies inversely with basal metabolic rate Longevity basal metabolic rate the rate of living hypothesis . Support for this hypothesis comes from the fact that mammals with larger body size have longer maximum life span s and the fact that the longevity of Drosophila melanogaster fruit flies varies inversely with ambient temperature . ref cite journal author Miquel J, Lundgren PR, Bensch KG, Atlan H title The effects of temperature on the aging process have been investigated in approximately 3500 imagoes of male Drosophila melanogaster journal Mechanisms of Aging and Development volume 5 issue 5 year 1976 pages 347 370 pmid 823384 doi 10.1016 0047 6374 76 90034 8 ref Additionally, the life span of houseflies can be extended by preventing physical activity. ref cite journal author Ragland SS, Sohal RS title Ambient temperature, physical activity and aging in the housefly, Musca domestica journal Experimental Gerontology volume 10 issue 5 year 1975 pages 279 289 pmid 1204688 doi 10.1016 0531 5565 75 ... ref This is thought to be the key to why animals like Giant Tortoises can live over 150 years. ref ... full 132 6 1583S pmid 12042467 ref References reflist DEFAULTSORT Heartbeat Hypothesis Category Aging ... more details
Second Impact can refer to Second Impact safety , the impact suffered by a vehicle occupant between his body and whatever stops it from moving inside the vehicle in a crash Second impact syndrome , a rare, deadly condition in which the brain swells as the result of a concussion received before symptoms from another concussion have gone away Street Fighter III 2nd ImpactGiant Attack, a version of Street Fighter III The Neon Genesis Evangelion glossary Second Impact Second Impact , an event in Neon Genesis Evangelion anime Neon Genesis Evangelion disambig ... more details
The innateness hypothesis is a linguistic theory of language acquisition which holds that at least some linguistic knowledge exists in humans at birth. ref http dictionary.reference.com browse innateness hypothesis Based on the Random House Dictionary, Random House, Inc. 2009. ref Facts about the complexity of human language systems, the universality of language acquisition, the facility that children demonstrate in acquiring these systems, and the comparative performance of adults in attempting the same task are all commonly invoked in support. The idea that there may be an age by which this learning must be accomplished is known as the critical period hypothesis . Noam Chomsky is responsible for the innateness hypothesis. Hilary Putnam published a critique of the innateness hypothesis entitled The Innateness Hypothesis and Explanatory Models in Linguistics . ref http www.springerlink.com content w476u76126j58330 fulltext.pdf ref References references See also Language acquisition Category Linguistics Category Philosophy of language Category Hypotheses ... more details
For the periodical Null Hypothesis The Journal of Unlikely Science The practice of science involves formulating and testing hypothesis hypotheses , assertions that are Falsifiability capable of being proven false using a test of observed data. The null hypothesis typically corresponds to a general or default position. For example, the null hypothesis might be that there is no relationship between two ... title null hypothesis definition publisher Businessdictionary.com date accessdate 2010 07 29 ref ... cite web url http statistics.berkeley.edu stark SticiGui Text gloss.htm null hypothesis title Glossary ... R. A. Fisher, The Design of Experiments ii. 19, We may speak of this hypothesis as the null hypothesis , and it should be noted that the null hypothesis is never proved or established, but is possibly disproved, in the course of experimentation. ref It is typically paired with a second hypothesis, the alternative hypothesis , which asserts a particular relationship between the phenomena. Jerzy Neyman ... negation of the null hypothesis it predicts the results from the experiment if the alternative hypothesis ... standard. It is important to understand that the null hypothesis can never be proven . A set of data can only reject a null hypothesis or fail to reject it . For example, if comparison of two groups ... to reject the null hypothesis in other words, the experiment fails to reject the null hypothesis . ref cite web url http stattrek.com Lesson5 HypothesisTesting.aspx title Can We Accept the Null Hypothesis? publisher StatTrek.com accessdate 2011 05 27 ref Principle Hypothesis testing works by Sampling ... hypothesis is true. If the data set is very unlikely, defined as belonging to a set of data that only ... rejects the null hypothesis concluding it probably is false. If the data do not contradict the null hypothesis, then only a weak conclusion can be made namely that the observed data set provides no strong evidence against the null hypothesis. As the null hypothesis could be true or false, in this case ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 otheruses comparator disambiguation The comparator hypothesis is a hypothesis in the field of the psychology of motivation and learning . ref http books.google.com books?hl en&lr &id k6ufhxSYXe8C&oi fnd&pg PA51&dq comparator&ots 0kZ3T3e4dw&sig ObK0QBEZCAeLsxDUjVsSafHIBWg PPA53,M1 ref Created by Ralph Miller, it established that responses are due to a comparison between the direct activation of the outcome and the indirect activation of the outcome. The comparator hypothesis was the first model which successfully accounts for retrospective reevaluation phenomena. However, after the publication of the comparator hypothesis, traditional models like Wagner s SOP and the Rescorla Wagner model were modified to be able to account for retrospective reevaluation phenomena. Today, the comparator hypothesis can successfully account for counteraction phenomena, a topic in which both the traditional models and their reformulation tends to fail. References reflist Category Learning psychology Category Motivation social psych stub ... more details
. An alternative release of Hypothesis was titled Visions of the Future . In Germany Hypothesis and The Dragon were issued together as a double album titled Portrait . The cover artwork for Hypothesis .... Track listing Hypothesis, Part 1 16 00 Hypothesis, Part 2 16 10 References http www.vangelismovements.com ... 1978 albums Category Albums produced by Giorgio Gomelsky 1970s album stub electronic album stub ko Hypothesis it Hypothesis The Dragon pt Hypothesis ... more details
a theory in the history of the Romanian language R sler theory , see Origin of Romanians Migration from the south a theory Renfrew 1999 placing Proto Indo European proper in the Balkans at a time of around 5000 BC, see Anatolian hypothesis . disambig ... more details
numbers of plant and animal species . The Moon is widely attributed to a Giantimpacthypothesis huge impact early in Earth s history . citation unused data needed Impact events earlier in the history ... that an impact event in an ocean or sea may create a megatsunami a giant wave , which can cause destruction ... impacthypothesis journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences PNAS volume 105 pmid ... needed date December 2010 The leading theory of the Moon s origin is the giantimpact theory , which ...File Impact event.jpg thumb 300px Artist s impression of a major impact event. The collision between ... nuclear weapons detonating simultaneously. An impact event is the collision of a large meteorite , asteroid ..., hundreds of minor impact events and exploding bolide s have been reported, with some occurrences ... page 236 isbn 0 201 48950 3 ref There have also been major impact events throughout Earth s history which severely disrupted the environment and caused mass extinction s. Impact events have been a plot ... &ndash happen approximately once every ten million years. The last known impact of an object of convert ... periods of abrupt and catastrophic change, some due to the impact of large asteroids and comets ... of direct observations and the difficulty in recognizing the signs of an Earth impact because of erosion ... to a prehistoric volcanic explosion not an unreasonable hypothesis, given that the volcanic San Francisco ... identified as being an impact crater , and it was not until as recently as 1963 that research by Eugene Merle Shoemaker conclusively proved this hypothesis. The findings of late 20th century space exploration and the work of scientists such as Shoemaker demonstrated that impact cratering was by far ..., a large number of highly modified impact craters began to be identified. The largest of these include ... of a major impact event occurred in 1994 the collision of the comet Comet Shoemaker Levy 9 Shoemaker ... May Have Killed Mars s Magnetic Field ref While numerous impact craters have been confirmed on land ... more details
orphan date March 2010 The Portia Hypothesis claims women with masculine sounding names will be more successful in the legal profession than an otherwise identical counterpart. The hypothesis is named after William Shakespeare s Portia Merchant of Venice character from the Merchant of Venice , who disguises herself as a man so she can argue as a lawyer . Evidence A study of South Carolina judge s by Bentley Coffey Clemson University , Department of Economics & Patrick McLaughlin George Mason University , Mercatus Center found evidence supporting the hypothesis. References http www.abajournal.com weekly female lawyers with masculine names may have a better shot at judgeships st ABA Journal story http taxprof.typepad.com taxprof blog 2009 09 the portia effect .html Category Gender equality Category Sociology of law ... more details
The 2R hypothesis or Ohno s hypothesis , first proposed by Susumu Ohno in 1970, ref name Ohno70 Ohno ... hypothesis in genomics and molecular evolution suggesting that the genomes of the early vertebrate ..., and the term 2R hypothesis was probably coined in 1999 variations in the number of duplications typically still are referred to as examples of the 2R hypothesis. ref name Hokamp cite journal last1 Hokamp first1 K last2 McLysaght first2 A last3 Wolfe first3 KH title The 2R hypothesis and the human ... of it in Evolution by Gene Duplication , the 2R hypothesis has been the subject of much research, but even ... According to Hokamp et al. 2003 , ref name Hokamp the version of the genome duplication hypothesis from which 2R hypothesis takes its name appears in Holland et al. 1994 ref name Holland cite journal ... proteins do not support the hypothesis of two rounds of genome duplication early in vertebrate history ... doi 10.1007 PL00006499 ref blockquote Ohno s argument Ohno presented the first version of the 2R hypothesis ... history of one hypothesis journal Genome Research volume 11 issue 5 pages 667 70 year 2001 pmid 11337465 doi 10.1101 gr.188801 ref Later evidence The 2R hypothesis saw a resurgence of interest in the 1990s ... for the hypothesis relies on the number of genes in mammals, which was previously estimated at around ... with the 2R hypothesis. Parsimony analysis has produced some results that, while not supportive of the hypothesis, do not rule it out. According to a 2001 review of the subject by Wojciech Maka owski, the hypothesis of whole genome duplications in the early stages of vertebrate evolution has as many ... that cast doubt on the hypothesis are of questionable validity. ref name Hokamp A review in 2007 by Masanori Kasahara states that there is now incontrovertible evidence supporting the 2R hypothesis and that a long standing debate on the 2R hypothesis is approaching the end . ref name Kasahara cite journal last1 Kasahara first1 M title The 2R hypothesis an update journal Current opinion in immunology ... more details
known to harbour life . The Gaia hypothesis , also known as Gaia theory or Gaia principle , proposes ... on the planet. The scientific investigation of the Gaia hypothesis focuses on observing how the biosphere ... factors of Planetary habitability habitability in a preferred homeostasis . The Gaia hypothesis was formulated ... in fields like biogeochemistry and systems ecology . This Ecology ecological hypothesis has also inspired ... become a solid snowball contradicts the Gaia hypothesis somewhat, although the ending of these Cryogenian ... of the Earth temperature within the limits of habitability. The CLAW hypothesis , inspired by the Gaia ... nature journal v326 n6114 abs 326655a0.html bibcode 1987Natur.326..655C ref The hypothesis ... homeostatic balance is being pushed by the increase of human population and the impact of their activities ... school of thought labelled the species redundancy hypothesis, proposed by Australian ecologist Brian .... The hypothesis leads to the conclusion that only a few key species are necessary for a healthy ecosystem. The rivet popper hypothesis put forth by Paul R. Ehrlich and his wife Anne H. Ehrlich , compares ... support the diversity stability hypothesis but not the alternative hypothesis that most species are functionally ... by the plants, who process it into the soil, removing it from the atmosphere. From hypothesis to theory James Lovelock called his first proposal the Gaia hypothesis . but the term established nowadays ... lacked a scientific explanation. The Gaia Hypothesis has since been supported by a number of scientific experiments ref name J1990 cite journal author J. E. Lovelock title Hands up for the Gaia hypothesis ... proved the original hypothesis wrong, in the sense that it is not life alone but the whole Earth ... 1969 until 1977 , thereafter for a period, the initial Gaia hypothesis was ridiculed by a number of scientists ... hypothesis was derided as some kind of neo Pagan New Age religion . Many scientists in particular ... Epistemological consequences of the Gaia hypothesis Gaia and evolution proceedings of the second ... more details
The Sekhmet Hypothesis was first published in 1995 by Iain Spence. ref The Sekhmet Hypothesis , Iain Spence, 1995 1996, Bast s Blend ISBN 9780952536505, ISBN 0 9525365 4 4 ref It suggests a possible link between the emergence of youth culture archetypes in relation to the 11 year solar cycle s. The hypothesis was published again in 1997 in http dreamflesh.com projects towards 2012 Towards 2012 ref ... has discussed his own views on the hypothesis in his book, Supergods 2011 . ref Supergods Our World ... The origins of the hypothesis can be traced back to Robert Anton Wilson s book, Prometheus Rising ... side of the hypothesis, suggesting it had no scientific basis. He demonstrated how he believed the dates ... Hypothesis website renamed from the Sekhmet hypothesis , Solar Youth Culture? http website.lineone.net iainsp syouth ref He then simplified the hypothesis as a study of the four life scripts friendly ... youth trends. This scaled down hypothesis suggests that humanity recapitulates infantile ... supposedly presents a mood based mainly on friendly strength . ref The Hare Hypothesis website ... s reference to The Matrix in relation to the hypothesis suggesting the film is not related to any specific youth trend. ref The Hare Hypothesis website, Thoughts on Supergods and Early Sekhmet http ... influences ref Critics of the Sekhmet hypothesis have pointed out Spence s lack of interest ... claiming that the hypothesis only analyses youth trends which present the most bestial, atavistic ... into hybrids such as grunge. ref The Hare Hypothesis website, Conclusion http website.lineone.net iainsp hypothesis ref References reflist After listing your sources please cite them using inline ... Men issue 114, comments on the Sekhmet hypothesis. http sites.google.com site deepspacetransmissions ... on the Sekhmet hypothesis. http www.youtube.com watch?v ERCbo FSJdU An Evening with Grant Morrison ... Comics. Includes discussion of the early Sekhmet hypothesis. Category youth culture Category ... more details
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