lakeoutburstflood GLOF is a type of outburstflood that occurs when the dam containing a glacial ..., creating a short lived Russell Lake. A glaciallakeoutburstflood is a type of outburstflood .... ref name hewitt See also Outburstflood J kulhlaup GlacialLake Ojibway Giant current ripples Diluvium ... GlacialLakeOutburstFlood Monitoring and Early Warning System format work publisher accessdate 2006 ... finalprogram abstract 34782.htm title Small scale glaciallakeoutburstflood, Lemon Glacier, Alaska ... glaciers Use dmy dates date August 2010 DEFAULTSORT GlacialLakeOutburstFlood Category Volcanology ... background.htm ref Examples Iceland Image Twisted bridge Skaftafell due to Glaciallakeoutburst flood.JPG thumb Remains of a steel bridge in Skaftafell National Park after a glacialoutburst The most ... subject to glacialoutburst floods from GlacialLake Grantsburg , and GlacialLake Duluth during all ... LakeOutburst Floods booktitle Proceedings of the International Workshop on Flash Flood Forecasting ... for many decades, the Dig Cho glaciallakeoutburst, which took place in 1985, has triggered detailed ... view&id 406 Glacial Lakes and GlacialLakeOutburst Floods in Nepal. International Centre for Integrated ... off and massively displaces the waters in a glaciallake at its base. Definition Image Hubbard Glacier ... a sub glaciallake . When a marginal lake bursts, it may also be called a marginal lake drainage. When a sub glaciallake bursts, it may be called a j kulhlaup . A j kulhlaup is thus a sub glacialoutburstflood. J kulhlaup is an Iceland ic term that has been adopted into the English language , originally referring only to glacialoutburst floods from Vatnaj kull , which are triggered by volcanic ... risk. ref http www.un.org Pubs chronicle 2002 issue3 0302p48 glacial lakes flood threat.html UN Chronicle Global Warming Triggers Glacial Lakes Flood Threat Bot generated title ref There are a number ... , resulting in the draining of a body of water now known as GlacialLake Missoula . The immense ... more details
the last deglaciation , numerous glaciallakeoutburstflood s GLOF were caused by the collapse of either ice sheets or glaciers that formed the dams of proglacial lakes. Examples of older outburst floods ... Channel. News at Nature ref Glaciallakeoutburst floods in North America 15,000 to 8,000 years ago .... ref See also Altai flood Deluge myth Missoula Floods pleistocene megaflood GlacialLake Missoula J ...In geomorphology , an outburstflood , which is a type of megaflood , is a high magnitude, low frequency catastrophic flood involving the sudden release of water. ref name oconnor2009 O Connor, J.E. and Beebee ... Remis landslide . Outburstflood examples Examples where evidence for large ancient water flows ... ago See also West Siberian GlacialLake A theory proposed by Andrey Tchepalyga of the Russian Academy ... Andrey title Late glacial great flood in the Black Sea and Caspian Sea abstract url http gsa.confex.com ... dam, and the water flowing out of rivers backed up into a vast lake with freshwater glacial melt on the bed ... away a sill composed of two opposing alluvial fan s which had blocked a gorge . Lake Bonneville was not a glaciallake, but post glacial climate change determined the lake level and its overflow. The last ... Lasafam Iturrizaga. GLACIER LAKEOUTBURST FLOODS Encyclopedia of Snow, Ice and Glaciers Springer, 2011 ... such floods when the rock or earthen barrier collapses or is eroded. Lakes also form behind glacial moraines, which can collapse and create outburst floods. ref name Burr2009 Burr, D.M., Baker, V.R. ... Burr2009 In the case of outburst floods, such floods are typically linked to the collapse of the barrier forming a lake. They fall in the following classification according to the mechanism responsible ... sheets j kulhlaup s . Collapse of earthen barriers landslides or glacial moraines . Collapse of volcanic dam s created by lava flows, lahars, or pyroclastic flows. Overtopping Lake overtopping e.g., Lake Bonneville . Ocean spilling over a dividing ridge into a endorheic basin landlocked basin ... more details
are typical representatives of lakes with glacial origin File Great Lakes from space.jpg thumb 280px The Great Lakes as seen from space. The Great Lakes are the largest glacial lakes in the world. File Tasman Glacier LC0251.jpg thumb 280px Tasman Lake , a terminal lake formed within the last 30 years Image Jokulsarlon lake, Iceland.jpg thumb J kuls rl n , a glaciallake in Iceland. To the right, the mouth of the glacier Vatnaj kull . File GLMsed.jpg thumb Laminated claystone from GlacialLake Missoula , Montana . A glaciallake is a lake with origins in a melted glacier . Near the end of the last glacial period , roughly 10,000 years ago, glaciers began to retreat. ref Some Chemical Observations on Post GlacialLake Sediments, http rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org content 250 765 165.abstract ... or hills . As the ice age ended, these melted to create lakes. This is apparent in the Lake District in Northwestern England where post glacial sediments are normally between 4 and 6 metres deep. ref Some Chemical Observations on Post GlacialLake Sediments, http rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org ... in the deposited sediments. ref Some Chemical Observations on Post GlacialLake Sediments, http rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org content 250 765 165.abstract , RSTB ref See also Great Lakes Glacial history of Minnesota Proglacial lake Moraine dammed lake Subglacial lake References reflist Glaciers commons category Glacial lakes Category Glacial lakes cs Ledovcov jezero de Gletscherrandsee et J j rv ... evidence of the glacier such as moraines , esker s and erosion al features such as glacial striations ... over which the glacier passes. These pulverized minerals become sediment at the bottom of the lake ... a large population of algae, making the water appear green. ref Nova, Mystery of the Mega flood ... Lake District, the layers of the sediments at the bottom of the lakes can then tell you the rate ... of these elements, within the lake bed, are contributed to the condition of the drainage basin ... more details
Sea GlaciallakeoutburstfloodLake Agassiz GlacialLake Agassiz GlacialLake Missoula List of prehistoric ... OutburstFlood of GlacialLake Agassiz Ojibway in Hudson Bay and Hudson Strait, American Geophysical ...GlacialLake Ojibway was a prehistoric lake in what is now Northern Ontario and Quebec in Canada . Ojibway was the last of the great proglacial lake s of the last ice age . Comparable in size to Lake Agassiz to which it was probably linked , and north of the Great Lakes , it was at its greatest extent c. 8,500 years Before Present BP . The former lakebed forms the modern Clay Belt , an area of fertile land. Lake Ojibway was relatively short lived. The lake drained in what must have been a catastrophic and dramatic manner around 8,200 years BP. One hypothesis is that a weakening ice dam separating it from Hudson Bay broke, as the lake was roughly convert 250 m sp us above sea level . A comparable mechanism produced the Missoula floods that created the Channeled scablands of the Columbia River basin. A recent analysis states it has not been conclusively determined whether the lake drained by a breach of the ice dam, by water spilling over the glacier, or by a flood under the glacier. It is also not conclusively known whether there were one or more pulses, and the route the water took to reach Hudson s Bay has not been determined. ref Lajeunesse, P. St Onge, G. Reconstruction of the Last OutburstFlood of GlacialLake Agassiz Ojibway in Hudson Bay and Hudson Strait. American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2007, abstract C51A 0075 12 2007 Abstract retrieved February 24, 2008 from http ... The catastrophic flood that cooled the Earth , retrieved Feb 25, 2008 from http ca.news.yahoo.com s afp 080224 canada science climate ice canada 1 ref The draining of Lake Ojibway was the most likely ... The catastrophic flood that cooled the Earth retrieved Feb 25, 2008 from http www.cosmosmagazine.com news 1864 catastrophic ancient flood cooled earth Category Former lakes Ojibway Category Proglacial ... more details
the Path of GlacialLake Missoula s Flood Waters. Giant current ripples Ice Age Floods Pleistocene ... by the lake with a hammer for scale. GlacialLake Missoula was a prehistoric proglacial lake .... It was the largest ice dammed lake known to have occurred. ref name Alt cite book first David last Alt title GlacialLake Missoula and Its Humongous Floods David Alt publisher Mountain Press ... floods.gif thumb legend 00CEFF Cordilleran Ice Sheet legend FFFF00 maximum extent of GlacialLake Missoula eastern and GlacialLake Columbia western legend FFCE00 areas swept by Missoula and Columbia floods Missoula Floods Glaciallakeoutburstflood Ice Age Floods National Geologic Trail List of prehistoric lakes Lake Agassiz GlacialLake Agassiz GlacialLake Ojibway Deluge prehistoric Cited references reflist Commons category GlacialLake Missoula External links http vulcan.wr.usgs.gov Glossary Glaciers IceSheets description lake missoula.html USGS Site on GlacialLake Missoula http www.nature.nps.gov nnl site.cfm?Site GLLA MT US Park Service Site for GlacialLake Missoula National Natural ... source dewiki Category Former lakes Montana Category Geology of Montana Missoula, GlacialLake Category Geology of Idaho Missoula, GlacialLake Category Natural history of Montana Category Natural history ... years ago. The lake measured about Convert 7770 km2 sqmi 1 and contained about convert 2100 km3 of water, half the volume of Lake Michigan . ref cite book last Bjornstad first Bruce N. title On the trail ... Keokee Books date c2006 location Sandpoint, Idaho pages 4 isbn 9781879628274 ref The GlacialLake Missoula National Natural Landmark is located about 68 miles northwest of Missoula, Montana at the north ... s Flood The Remarkable Story of a Rebel Geologist and the World s Greatest Flood John Soennichsen ... ref The lake was the result of an ice dam on the Clark Fork river Clark Fork caused by the southern ... of Clark Fork, Idaho at the east end of Lake Pend Oreille . The height of the ice dam typically ... more details
ice sheet blocked the Missouri River and created GlacialLake Great Falls. ref name Montagne ref name Hill ref name Feathers About 13,000 BCE, as the glacier retreated, GlacialLake Great Falls emptied catastrophically in a glaciallakeoutburstflood . ref name Feathers The meltwater poured ...File Glacial lakes in Montana.jpg thumb 350px Map of Montana showing GlacialLake Great Falls. GlacialLake Great Falls was a prehistoric proglacial lake which existed in what is now central Montana in the United States between 15,000 Common Era BCE and 11,000 BCE. ref name Montagne ref name Hill Hill, Christopher L. and Valppu, Seppo H. Geomorphic Relationships and Paleoenvironmental Context of Glaciers, Fluvial Deposits, and GlacialLake Great Falls, Montana. Current Research in the Pleistocene. 14 1997 Hill, Christopher L. Pleistocene Lakes Along the Southwest Margin of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Current Research in the Pleistocene. 17 2000 Hill, Christopher L. and Feathers, James K. GlacialLake Great Falls and the Late Wisconsin Episode Laurentide Ice Margin. Current Research in the Pleistocene. 19 2002 http pubs.usgs.gov sim 2005 2860 Reynolds, Mitchell W. and Brandt, Theodore R. Geologic Map of the Canyon Ferry Dam 30 x 60 Quadrangle, West Central Montana U.S. Geological Survey Scientific ... 53968.htm Feathers, James K. and Hill, Christopher L. Luminescence Dating of GlacialLake Great ... Falls, Montana , GlacialLake Great Falls extended as far north as Cut Bank, Montana , and as far south as Holter Lake . ref http www.helenair.com news article 9e98f2ae 6aa6 5be1 af91 9215ebc51dbf.html ... day Great Falls, the GlacialLake Great Falls reached a depth of 600 feet 183 metres . ref Alt, David ... Lakes and Seas Category Former lakes Montana Category Geology of Montana Great Falls, GlacialLake ... basin terminal lake . ref name Clawson Clawson, Roger and Shandera, Katherine A. Billings The City ... the last glacial period , the Laurentide ice sheet Laurentide and Cordilleran Ice Sheet Cordilleran ... more details
Refimprove date July 2009 GlacialLake Wisconsin was a prehistoric proglacial lake that existed from approximately 19,000 to 15,000 years ago, at the end of the last ice age , in the central part of present day Wisconsin in the United States . GlacialLake Wisconsin was formed by meltwater flowing from glaciers that covered the northern and eastern portions of Wisconsin. The lake was bounded by an ice sheet of the Green Bay Lobe on the east, and by higher topography on its other margins. At its maximum stage, the lake was approximately the same size as the Great Salt Lake in Utah , and up to 150 ft 45 m deep. The eventual sudden bursting of an ice dam left by the retreating glaciers caused a catastrophic flood that formed the Dells of the Wisconsin River in pre existing Cambrian sandstone on the south edge of the lake. The resulting flood lowered the level of the lake to approximately 50 ft 15 m . Eventually, the Wisconsin River flowed through its grand canyon to its mouth at the Upper Mississippi River . See also List of prehistoric lakes Lake Wisconsin External links http lwr.state.wi.us subcategory.asp?linksubcatid 440&linkcatid 481&linkid Geologic History of Wisconsin River Pleistocene Lakes and Seas Continental Glaciations Category Former lakes Wisconsin Category Geology of Wisconsin Category Proglacial lakes ... more details
the Columbia River drainage, passing through glacialLake Columbia. The largest flood is estimated to be the initial flood at 2,500 km sup 3 sup 600 mi sup 3 sup , with subsequent floods occurring ... Washington state. ref name Atwater Flood deposits Flood beds on the Sanpoil arm of glacialLake Columbia show episodic flood deposits as well as deposit grading and rhythmical repetition. Since GlacialLake Columbia remained filled between Missoula floods, annual deposits varve s can be observed between the Missoula flood deposits, they help to establish the periodicity of these major floods. The flood ...File Map missoula floods.gif thumb legend 00CEFF Cordilleran Ice Sheet legend FFFF00 maximum extent of GlacialLake Missoula eastern and GlacialLake Columbia western legend FFCE00 areas swept by Missoula and Columbia floods File Lakes Washington Oregon 9.GIF thumb 240px alt Figure showing topographic maps of Washington and northern Oregon with the lowlands flooded by the Missoula Floods marked. Location of the former Lake Lewis. GlacialLake Columbia was the lake formed on the ice dammed Columbia ... Atwater first Brian F. authorlink coauthors title Periodic floods from glacialLake Missoula into the Sanpoil arm from of glacialLake Columbia, northeastern Washington journal Geology volume 12 issue ... 7613 1984 12 464 PFFGLM 2.0.CO 2 id accessdate bibcode 1984Geo....12..464A ref GlacialLake Missoula The Cordilleran ice sheet also blocked the Clark Fork River and created GlacialLake Missoula , rising ... between flood deposits in Lake Columbia, supporting a period of 35 to 55 years between ice dam failures ... around 10,000 years ago. ref Lake Columbia was a substantially larger version of the modern day lake behind the Grand Coulee Dam . Lake Columbia s overflow the diverted Columbia River drained first ... content 37 1 95.full doi 10.1130 focus012009.1 id accessdate 14 Nov 2009 ref Since Lake Columbia ... of Washington state Category Glacial lakes of the United States Columbia fr Lac glaciaire Columbia ... more details
File GlacialLakePassaic MoggyHollowStage.png thumb right 300px Approximation of the extent of GlacialLake Passaic GlacialLake Passaic was a prehistoric proglacial lake that existed in northern New Jersey ... name UENJ Stanford, Scott D. GlacialLake Passaic. Unearthing New Jersey , Vol. 3, No. 2. New Jersey ... to residents of northern New Jersey. Discovery The discovery of GlacialLake Passaic is credited ... to create a report, Lake Passaic An Extinct GlacialLake , which was included in the New Jersey Annual ... back, water pooled behind the ridges known today as the Watchung Mountains , forming GlacialLake Passaic. Lake Stages GlacialLake Passaic was a dynamic water body during its five millennia of existence ... the ice began retreating to the north. With its outlet to the sea severed, GlacialLake Passaic rose ... Notch Stage The first major drop in the level of GlacialLake Passaic occurred as the Wisconsin ... Whippany . The lake was held back by a dam of glacial sediment in Totowa, New Jersey Totowa that slowly ... rock could not contain one of the last pieces of GlacialLake Passaic. By about 14,000 years ... Lake Passaic The remnants of the GlacialLake Passaic lake bed are found in several swamps in northern ... fills with so much water that some of the Totowa Stage of GlacialLake Passaic briefly reappears ... the Watchung Mountains. See also GlacialLake Hackensack , which existed a few miles east of Glacial ... v3n2.pdf Available online via NJ Geological Survey ref The lake was formed of waters released by the retreating ... Watchung Mountains . The lake persisted for several thousand years as melting ice and eroding moraine dams slowly drained the former lake basin. The effect of the lake s creation permanently ... Watchung Mountains before spilling out into the lower piedmont. Today, the former lake basin is called ... text pme form.htm Passaic Meadows ref These remnants of the ancient lake provide prime wetland habitat ... of Rutgers University . Cook s first official mention of the lake was in the New Jersey Annual Report ... more details
Multiple issues refimprove November 2007 citation style September 2009 GlacialLake Bassano was formed ... Ice Sheet, from the 1100m maximum elevation of GlacialLake McLeod to the final 680m elevation of GlacialLake Empress. The confluence of flow through Glacial Lakes Drumheller, Gleichen and Lethbridge .... GlacialLake Drumheller abandoned the Strathmore Channel at 945m, whereupon discharge was directed ... further to the east, over the Bassano basin. GlacialLake Gleichen abandoned the southward flowing McGregor Lake Channel at 860m and discharged eastward into GlacialLake Bassano until channelization occurred at 850m. With recession of the ice, GlacialLake Lethbridge lowered and extended eastward, forming GlacialLake Taber, whose upper level was controlled by Chin Coulee 915m . Subsequent drainage ... became channelized at 760m. GlacialLake Medicine Hat formed at roughly 760m and ponding at that location was associated with the formation of GlacialLake Empress to the north at roughly the same elevation. GlacialLake Bassano existed from a maximum elevation of 915m until final drainage at690 ... System and the beginning of drainage within Alberta. Together with GlacialLake Tilley to the south, GlacialLake Bassano received the discharge from over 1000 km of the Laurentide Ice Sheet and associated ... established proglacial Drainage system geomorphology drainage system and addition of glacial meltwater ... kilometers of the Bassano basin is covered with Lake lacustrine sediments. These sediment s are bordered by the topographically higher Buffalo Lake Moraine to the west, the Suffield Moraine to the east ... sheet Laurentide Ice Sheet retreated, lower outlet channels were exposed. The lake levels at any given time were constrained by the elevation of the lowest drainage channel. As GlacialLake Bassano, and the proglacial lake system as a whole developed, throughflow in individual channels waxed, waned and reversed, depending on the systemic controls. Proglacial Lake System The retreat of the late Wisconsin ... more details
Image Glaciallake duluth.jpg 300px thumb GlacialLake Duluth GlacialLake Duluth was a proglacial lake that formed in the Lake Superior drainage basin as the Laurentide ice sheet retreated. The oldest existing shorelines were formed after retreat from the Greatlakean advance, sometime around 11,000 years B.P. Lake Duluth formed at the western end of the Lake Superior basin. Lake Duluth overflowed south through outlets in Minnesota and Wisconsin at an elevation of around 331 m ASL. The drawing on this page is accurate but uses the obsolete term, Valders . Valders was replaced by the term Greatlakean when stratigraphic problems forced Valders to be abandoned. See also Glacial history of Minnesota list of prehistoric lakes Proglacial lakes of Minnesota External links http www.cr.nps.gov history online books geology publications pp 754a sec6.htm Post Valders Lake Stages in the Lake Superior Basin , in http www.cr.nps.gov history online books geology publications pp 754a index.htm Glacial and Postglacial Geologic History of Isle Royale National Park, Michigan by N. King Huber, USGS Geological Survey Professional Paper 754 A coord missing Minnesota Category Geology of Minnesota Category Geology of Wisconsin Category Geology of Michigan Category Former lakes Duluth Category Proglacial lakes palaeo geo stub Canada geology stub US geology stub Pleistocene Lakes and Seas uk ... more details
Image GlacialLake Minong.jpg 350px thumb GlacialLake Minong GlacialLake Minong was a proglacial lake that formed in the Lake Superior basin during the Wisconsin glaciation around 10,000 B.P. Before Present . This was the last glacial advance that entered Michigan and covered only part of the upper peninsula. Lake Minong occurred in the eastern corner of the Lake Superior basin while GlacialLake Duluth Lake Duluth was in the western end. The lakes became separated when the glacier reached the upper peninsula. Lake Minong expanded to the north as the ice retreated after 9,800 B.P. When the ice retreated from the Keweenaw Peninsula , Lake Duluth merged into Lake Minong. The image on this page is obsolete. Lake Sheguiandah and Lake Minong were not merged. The former, a phase of the Lake Huron basin, occurred around 10,200 B.P., early in the Marquette phase advance, was lower than Minong, and the two were connected by an early version of the St. Marys River Michigan Ontario St. Marys River at Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario Sault Ste. Marie . See also list of prehistoric lakes External links http www.cr.nps.gov history online books geology publications pp 754a sec6.htm Post Valders Lake Stages in the Lake Superior Basin , in http www.cr.nps.gov history online books geology publications pp 754a index.htm Glacial and Postglacial Geologic History of Isle Royale National Park, Michigan by N. King Huber, USGS Geological Survey Professional Paper 754 A coord missing Michigan Category Former lakes Minong Category Geology of Wisconsin Category Geology of Minnesota Category Geology of Michigan Category Proglacial lakes palaeo geo stub Canada geology stub US geology stub Pleistocene Lakes and Seas uk ... more details
Image Glacial lakes.jpg thumb 300px right Stages of great lake development. Lake Algonquin was a proglacial lake that existed in east central North America at the time of the last ice age . Parts of the former lake are now Lake Huron , Georgian Bay and inland portions of northern Michigan . The lake varied in size, but it was at the biggest size at the post glacial period and gradually shrunk to the current Lake Huron and Georgian Bay . At about 7,000 years ago, the lake was replaced by Lake Chippewa as the glaciers retreated and 3,000 years later by the current Lake Michigan . See also List of prehistoric lakes External links http www.geo.msu.edu geo333 glaciallake algonq.html Map at Michigan State University, Dept. of Geography Ice Ages Continental Glaciations Pleistocene Lakes and Seas Category Former lakes Algonquin Category Geology of Michigan Category Proglacial lakes Glaciology stub palaeo geo stub ... more details
Image Wpdms usgs photo lake tonawanda.jpg thumb 300px right Outline of GlacialLake Tonawanda. GlacialLake Tonawanda was a prehistoric lake that existed approximately 10,000 years ago at the end of the last ice age , in Western New York Western New York , United States . ref name Muller Ernest H. Muller 1977 , http www.blackwell synergy.com doi abs 10.1111 j.1749 6632.1977.tb33618.x?journalCode nyas LATE GLACIAL AND EARLY POSTGLACIAL ENVIRONMENTS IN WESTERN NEW YORK Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 288 1 , 223 233. doi 10.1111 j.1749 6632.1977.tb33618.x ref The lake existed on the southern upper side of the Niagara Escarpment east of the present course of the Niagara River between Early Lake Erie to the south and GlacialLake Iroquois the ancestor of Lake Ontario to the north. During the retreat of the glaciers, the water levels of the Great Lakes North America Great Lakes were higher. Lake Tonawanda was created and fed by the elevated waters of Lake Erie. Lake Tonawanda itself was drained into Lake Ontario by a series of falls over the escarpment, including one at present day Lockport city , New York Lockport, New York . The lake evaporated when the waters of Lake Erie dropped below the level of the feeder streams to the lake. Subsequently Lake Erie drained over the escarpment entirely through Niagara Falls , which marks roughly the western terminus of the former lake bed. The remains of the previous falls, which rivaled Niagara Falls in grandeur, can be seen along the escarpment. The sinking of homes in the lakebed has been an ongoing problem in communities such as Amherst, New York . See also List of prehistoric lakes Tonawanda disambiguation References references External links http www.lockport ny.com Museum fossils4.htm Lockport, NY Fossil Collection http www.webcitation.org query?url http www.geocities.com ntgreencitizen amherst.html&date 2009 10 25 23 50 51 Amherst, NY site showing map of the lake Pleistocene Lakes and Seas Category Former lakes Tonawanda ... more details
Lake Frontenac was a proglacial lake in the basin of what is now Lake Ontario . ref cite book isbn 978 1 44372 173 8 url http books.google.ca books?id m6zLfVSAOJcC&pg RA2 PA261&lpg RA2 PA261&dq 22Lake Frontenac 22 22Lake Ontario 22 glacier OR glacial&source bl&ots KyOd3lQdr3&sig uVXOuwQ2CD5OgbexFnJX3iYXpC0&hl en&ei RK WSoLoB47UlAex r31Bg&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 3&ved 0CBMQ6AEwAg v onepage&q 22Lake 20Frontenac 22 20 22Lake 20Ontario 22 20glacier 20OR 20glacial&f false title Glacial Geology and the Pleistocene Epoch publisher date author Richard Foster Flint accessdate 2009 09 26 ref ref cite news url http adsabs.harvard.edu abs 2005AGUFMPP12A..03O title GlacialLake Outflow via the St. Lawrence Pathway Prior to the Champlain Sea Invasion and During the Younger Dryas publisher American Geophysical Union date 2005 author Occhietti, S. Anderson, T. W. Karrow, P. F. Lewis, M. C. Mott, R. J. Parent, M. Richard, P. J. Rodrigues, C. G. Stea, R. accessdate 2009 10 15 ref The sudden influx of fresh water into the Atlantic, as the retreat of the Laurentian Glacier triggered a sudden drop in the Lake s water level, may in turn have triggered the onset of the Younger Dryas , 1000 year period of renewed cooling approximately 12000 years ago. See also GlacialLake Iroquois Admiralty Lake References references Pleistocene Lakes and Seas Category Proglacial lakes ... more details
Larson The lake was fed by Early Lake Erie , as well as GlacialLake Algonquin , an early partial manifestation of Lake Huron , that drained directly to Lake Iroquois across southern Ontario , along the southern edge of the ice sheet, bypassing Early Lake Erie. The subsequent melting of the ice dam resulted in a sudden lowering of the lake to its present level, a potential trigger for the Younger ...File 19th century estimate of the boundaries of Lake Iroquois.jpg 350px thumb This map shows the valley of the Mohawk River , through which GlacialLake Algonquin crossed the mountains to the Hudson River Valley. File Glacial lakes.jpg thumb 350px right Stages of great lake development. GlacialLake Iroquois was a prehistoric proglacial lake that existed at the end of the last ice age approximately ... 22 20 22Lake 20Ontario 22 20glacier 20OR 20glacial title Glacial Geology and the Pleistocene Epoch publisher date 2008 11 author Richard Foster Flint archiveurl accessdate 2009 09 26 ref The lake was essentially an enlargement of the present Lake Ontario that formed because the St. Lawrence River downstream from the lake was blocked by the ice sheet near the present Thousand Islands . The level of the lake was approximately 30 m 100 ft above the present level of Lake Ontario. ref name Larson ... water levels. ref The lake drained to the southeast, through a channel passing near present ... in the Toronto area mark the existence of former glacial lakes. About 2 km inland from the shore ... Bluffs also formed part of the shoreline of the ancient lake. Another ancient shoreline exists between 2 4 km offshore of Toronto. It is known as the Toronto Scarp and formed the shore of GlacialLake Warren or Admiralty Lake . From Bluffer s Park in Scarborough to just west of Hanlan s Point ... Road and New York State Route 104 run from west to east along a ridge of the old shoreline of Lake Iroquois ... References reflist External links http www.fof clarington.com lakehist.html History of Lake Iroquois ... more details
Admiralty Lake was a proglacial lake in the basin of what is now Lake Ontario . ref name AquaticHabitat cite news url http www.aquatichabitat.ca nearshore geology.shtml title Nearshore Geology publisher Aquatichabitat.ca date author http www.webcitation.org query?url http 3A 2F 2Fwww.aquatichabitat.ca 2Fnearshore geology.shtml&date 2012 01 27 mirror ref ref cite paper title Postglacial chronology and the origin of deep lake basins in Prince Edward County, Ontario publisher Conference on Great Lakes Research, 1964 International Association for Great Lakes Research date 1964 author J Terasmae, E Mirynech accessdate 2009 10 15 ref The shoreline of Admiralty Lake was about convert 20 m ft lower than Lake Ontario. The shoreline of GlacialLake Iroquois , an earlier proglacial lake was much higher than Lake Ontario s, because a lobe of the Laurentian Glacier blocked what is now the valley of the St Lawrence River . Lake Iroquois drained over the Niagara escarpment , and down the Mohawk River . When the lobe of the glacier retreated the weight of the glacier kept the outlet of the St Lawrence River lower than the current level. As the glacier continued to retreat the region of the Thousand Islands rebounded, and the lake filled to its current level. References references Pleistocene Lakes and Seas Category Proglacial lakes ... more details
Lake Tight , named for geologist William G. Tight , was a glaciallake located in what is present day Ohio , Kentucky , and West Virginia , during the Ice Age of the early Pleistocene Kansan glaciation . ref Goldthwaite, R. P., The Teays Valley Problen, a Historical Perspective, pp. 3 8 in Wilton N. Melhorn, 1991, Geology and Hydrogeology of the Teays Mahomet Bedrock Valley Systems, Geological Society of America Special Paper ISBN 978 0813722580 http books.google.com books?id xoLIaAbipjQC&pg PA7&lpg PA7&dq Glacial 22Lake Tight 22&source bl&ots tWBNkW1B6w&sig e8ac03ySroURfzxKa nl IT8Wcg&hl en&ei ygDwS76bNoH68AbDrO39Cg&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 5&ved 0CCMQ6AEwBDgK v onepage&q Glacial 20 22Lake 20Tight 22&f false Google books ref History Lake Tight s origins date to nearly 2 million years before the modern era. As the Ice Age began to cool the Earth , and large glacier s began to creep south from modern day Canada , many landforms and features were changed or destroyed, including the Teays River . The Teays had been a river for several million years, flowing north out of the Appalachian Mountains in what is now North Carolina . The river s path travelled through modern day West Virginia , Kentucky , Ohio , Indiana , and Illinois , finally emptying into the Gulf of Mexico , which at the time extended to southern Illinois. The glaciers of the Ice Age soon began to block the Teays, effectively dam ming the river and forming Lake Tight, near what is now Chillicothe, Ohio . Little is currently known about the lake in geology geologic terms, the lake s longevity life span was short the lake formed at some point during the Ice Age, lasting until nearly 6,500 years ago. At its greatest size, the lake was approximately convert 900 ft m deep, and convert 7000 sqmi km2 in size nearly two thirds the size of Lake Erie . When the lake finally overflowed, it created new drainage ... Virginia Category Geology of Ohio Category Geology of Kentucky Category Glacial lakes of the United ... more details
The West Siberian GlacialLake , also known as West Siberian Lake , or Mansiyskoe Lake lang ru , was a periglacial lake formed when the Arctic Ocean outlets for each of the Ob River Ob and Yenisei River Yenisei rivers were blocked by the Barents Kara Ice Sheet during the Weichselian Glaciation , approximately 80,000 years ago. At its maximum extent, the lake s surface area was more than twice that of the present day Caspian Sea . It is theorized that while drainage to the Arctic Ocean basin e.g. by the Ob and Yenisei Rivers was prevented, the lake would eventually overflow to the Mediterranean Sea through a circuitous route that would include the Aral Sea , the Caspian Sea , and the Black Sea . This would have resulted in water from the Selenga River and Lake Baikal draining over a course of some 6,000 miles 9600 km , considerably longer than any river s course today. ref Dutch, Steve, Professor of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Wisconsin Green Bay. Pleistocene Glaciers and Geography http www.uwgb.edu dutchs EarthSC202Notes GLACgeog.HTM webpage accessed 30 November 2006 ref See Mangerud et al. 2004 ref Mangerud, J. et al. 2004 . Ice dammed lakes and rerouting of the drainage of northern Eurasia during the Last Glaciation. Quaternary Science Reviews 23 2004 , pp. 1313 1332. http www.geol.lu.se personal PRM PDF papers 20full 20text QSR 2004 QUEEN mangerud.pdf accessed 30 November 2006 ref for diagrams and descriptions of the lake as well as postulated drainage patterns. See also Nerpa animal Nerpa , a freshwater seal of Lake Baikal probably related to Caspian seal s. Turgai Straits or West Siberian Sea, a Cretaceous to Eocene extension of the Tethys Sea separating Europe and Asia Notes nowiki See http en.wikipedia.org wiki Wikipedia Footnotes for an explanation of how to generate footnotes using the ref and ref tags, and the template below. nowiki references External links http www.esd.ornl.gov projects qen lake.html West Siberian Lake Overview ... more details
wiktionary outburstOutburst may refer to Outburst Assist , a patented mechanism designed by Columbia River Knife and Tool for various models of Assisted opening knife assisted opening knives . Outburst comics , a fictional superhero Outburst game , a word game Outburst mining , the sudden and violent ejection of coal, gas and rock from a coal face and surrounding strata in an underground coal mine Outbursts Turin Brakes album , an album by the British folk duo See also Bursting Out disambig ... more details
The Outburst is a spin off series of mini episodes of The Office US The Office it premiered as original internet only content, available online at NBC.com. It started its run on November 20, 2008. The webisodes were included in the show s The Office U.S. TV series season 5 season 5 DVD box set. Cast Oscar Nunez as Oscar Martinez The Office Oscar Martinez Brian Baumgartner as Kevin Malone Phyllis Smith as Phyllis Lapin Vance Creed Bratton as Creed Bratton character Creed Bratton Kate Flannery as Meredith Palmer Ed Helms as Andy Bernard Mindy Kaling as Kelly Kapoor Angela Kinsey as Angela Martin Paul Lieberstein as Toby Flenderson Plot Oscar has an outburst while talking on the phone and the rest of the office wants to find out what it was about. Episodes The series was directed by Lee Eisenberg and Gene Stupnitsky and written by Nate Federman and Jonathan Hughes. class wikitable style margin auto background FFFFFF style background color 888888 style background color 888888 Title style background color 888888 Originally posted style background color 888888 NBC.com blurb 1 Investigation November 20, 2008 The office overhears Oscar s outburst and the investigation begins... colspan 6 bgcolor FFFFFF When Oscar has an emotional outburst during a phone call, the rest of the office workers decide to find out what happened. Andy says he will pay 100 to the person who finds out. 2 Listeners November 26, 2008 Oscar begins to see how intrusive his co workers can really be. colspan 6 bgcolor FFFFFF The office workers all try to solve the mystery of Oscar s outburst. 3 Snooping December 4, 2008 Oscar s office mates can t contain their obsession even if it means invading his personal space. colspan 6 bgcolor FFFFFF 4 The Explanation December 11, 2008 The misery behind the mystery of Oscar s outburst is finally revealed. colspan 6 bgcolor FFFFFF See also The Accountants Kevin s Loan Blackmail ... the outburst vid 844801 The Outburst Webisodes Theofficeus TheofficeusEpisodes DEFAULTSORT Outburst ... more details
refimprove date May 2009 An outburst is the sudden and violent ejection of coal , gas and rock from a coal face and surrounding strata in an underground coal mining coal mine . When outbursts occur, they can be very serious events, possibly even resulting in multiple fatalities. Effects of outbursts Outbursts may range in severity from being barely noticeable, to causing the destruction of an entire mining panel, and throwing pieces of machinery weighing tens of tonnes several metres. An outburst at Tahmoor Colliery, in NSW, Australia in June 1985 involved the ejection of 350 tonnes of coal and rock and over 3000 cubic metres of gas, resulting in one fatality. http www.parliament.nsw.gov.au prod PARLMENT hansArt.nsf V3Key LA19940412038 Another outburst at the nearby South Bulli Colliery in 1991 resulted in three fatalities, and yet another outburst at Westcliff Colliery in January 1994 involved 300 tonnes of coal and rock and resulted in one fatality. Predisposing factors Several factors predispose certain coal seams to being outburst prone. These include Coal seam gas content measured in m sup 3 sup per tonne generally, for a given coal seam gas composition, the higher the gas content, the higher the risk Geological structures, in particular Fault geology faults , dike geology dykes and mylonite reddish brown powdered coal zones Coal Permeability fluid permeability the less permeable ... in an outburst. Outburst management Outburst management primarily focuses on the prevention ... values, not a single fatality due to an outburst has been recorded in Australia. Gas drainage is achieved ... using a charge explosive to test the face and induce an outburst if one is imminent. The explosion ... under bomb squad or outburst conditions is no longer considered acceptable, since this method still ... that would be adopted when it was anticipated that an outburst could occur. Under bomb squad ... the operator in the event of an outburst. This was subsequently proven to be wrong. Operators wore ... more details
sometime grouped together and called earth science . See also Cryoseism Glacial earthquake Glaciallakeoutburstflood References Reflist 2 External links http www.geography site.co.uk pages physical ... contain many glacial erratic s, rocks that were dragged by a glacier many miles from their bedrock origin. Lakes and ponds can also be caused by glacial movement. Kettle lake s form when a retreating ...Image Glacial lakes, Bhutan.jpg thumb right 300px This image shows the termini of the glaciers in the Bhutan Himalaya . Glacial lakes have been rapidly forming on the surface of the debris covered glaciers ... increasing temperatures and glacial retreat in this region. Glacial motion is the motion of glacier .... Most lakes in the world occupy basins scoured out by glaciers. Glacial motion can be fast ... sliding, glacial quakes generating fractional movements of large sections of ice, bed deformation, and internal ... 12 July 2002 Vol. 297. no. 5579, pp. 218 222. ref Some glaciers experience glacial quakes glaciers ... gazette 2006 04.06 05 ekstrom.html Global warming yields glacial earthquakes in polar areas ref There has ... article dn8889.html Glacial earthquakes rock Greenland ice sheet 12 36 24 ... that primarily move via sliding, glacial quakes, and others that move almost entirely ... will then become clearer as Rock flour glacial flour diminishes. During the Pleistocene the last ... of these continental glaciers created many now familiar glacial landforms . As the glaciers were ... rocks, creating glacial landforms erosional landforms such as Wiktionary striation striation s, cirque ... of crushed rock and sand, glacial landforms depositional landforms were created, such as moraine ... runoff is dammed by glacial till . Studying glacial motion and the landforms that result requires ... in glacier mass balance http www.wwnorton.com college geo egeo animations ch18.htm Animation of glacial ... of glacial landforms http www.cln.org themes glaciers.html Links to more glacier resources online ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Outburst subtitled The Game of Verbal Explosions is a game originally devised in 1986 by Hersch and Company of Los Angeles and later licensed by Parker Brothers , now a division of Hasbro . Since 2004, it has been produced by Mattel . The game is played with two teams, using cards on each side of which a topic heading is printed, followed by a list of 10 items that fall under the given topic. The object is to guess the items that were chosen for inclusion on the card, given the topic. One of the two teams, with all of its players free to speak at the same time, attempts to guess as many of the 10 listed items as it can before the timer runs out. The team receives as many points as successful guesses, plus a bonus determined by a roll of dice. The first team to get 60 points wins. A special viewer is used that prevents the card from being read other than the topic heading until it is placed in the viewer. This invisibility enables a team to pass. As many as 3 times during the game, a team has the option before playing or passing on the first topic offered. If the team chooses to pass, it must then accept the next topic drawn, while the other team will have to play the passed on topic on its next turn. While many of the topics are timeless, players should be advised beforehand of the year of publication of the edition being played. See also Talk About game show Mattel DEFAULTSORT Outburst Game Category Word games Category Parker Brothers games ... more details
search?id flood1 Flood. Retrieved on 2009 01 09. ref While the size of a lake or other body of water will vary with seasonal changes in precipitation and snow melt, it is not a significant flood ... e.g. earthquake or volcanic eruption . See outburstflood . Human induced Accidental damage by workmen to tunnels or pipes. Muddy A muddy flood is produced by an accumulation of runoff generated on cropland ... thumb Contemporary picture of the flood that struck the North Sea coast of Germany and Denmark in October 1634. File A Flood on Java 1865 1876 Raden Saleh.jpg thumb People seeking refuge from flood in Java . ca. 1865 1876. File Rapid Creek flooding 1.jpg thumb Flooding of a creek due to heavy ... . File Jeddah Flood King Abdullah Street.jpg thumb Jeddah Flood, covering King Abdullah Street in Saudi ... in Toowoomba 2.jpg thumb Flash flood ing caused by heavy rain falling in a short amount of time. File ... 12, 2005. The deep blue of the rivers is spread across the countryside in the flood image. A flood ... encnet features dictionary DictionaryResults.aspx?refid 1861612277 Flood. Retrieved on 2006 ... Union EU Floods Directive defines a flood as a covering by water of land not normally covered by water ... or lake , which overflows or breaks levees, with the result that some of the water escapes ... flood plains of rivers. While flood damage can be virtually eliminated by moving away from .... That humans continue to inhabit areas threatened by flood damage is evidence that the perceived value of living near the water exceeds the cost of repeated periodic flooding. The word flood comes ... . Deluge myth s are Mythology mythical stories of a great flood sent by a deity or deities to destroy ... area. Dam building beaver s can flood low lying urban and rural areas, often causing significant ... Forestry, St. Paul, MN, September 1993, webpage http www.na.fs.fed.us spfo pubs n resource flood cover.htm Na.fs.fed.us flood cover . ref Transport Transport links destroyed, so hard to get emergency ... more details
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